final review part 1

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final review part 1

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Atoms connected by covalent bonds share __________.

hydrogen ions

ionic compounds

pairs of electrons

carbon and oxygen

Clear selection

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by

ionic bonds.

covalent bonds.

hydrogen bonds.

peptide bonds.

Clear selection

Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme’s activity by breaking __________.

amino acids

peptide bonds

hydrogen bonds

sulfur-sulfur bonds

Clear selection

What type of carbon-based molecule is the first to be broken down by the body's cells to provide a source of energy?

fat

protein

amino acid

carbohydrate

Clear selection

Carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds in the __________.

mitochondria

the Krebs cycle

the Calvin cycle

the electron transport chain

Clear selection

What is the name of the negatively charged particles of an atom?

prions

protons

neutrons

electrons

Clear selection

What factor does NOT affect photosynthesis?

oxygen levels

carbon dioxide levels

temperature

light levels

Clear selection

Reaction 3 in the graph __________.

is slower than Reaction 2

is the same as Reaction 1 but faster

probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme

requires more activation energy than Reaction 2

Clear selection

The long-term effects of a disruption of homeostasis include __________.

the immune system becoming active

destruction of organ systems

regulation of the internal environment

establishment of feedback mechanisms

Clear selection

Cell differentiation

changes the DNA of the cell

changes the form and function of the cell

causes cell death

allows reproduction of offspring

Clear selection

From the information that two atoms have two different neutron counts but the same number of protons, you can conclude that the atoms __________.

belong to two entirely different elements

represent different isotopes of one element

are likely to react violently with each other

might be different ions of the same element

Clear selection

Which of these is the site of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

stroma

ATP synthase

thylakoid membrane

mitochondrial matrix

Clear selection

The two types of nucleic acids are

RNA and ATP.

DNA and RNA.

DNA and ATP.

nucleotides and ATP.

Clear selection

A covalent bond means ____________________________.

that two atoms are sharing an electon equally

are sharing an electon but one is more electronegative and therefore has the electron closer to it

that one atoms stole an electron from another atom

none of the above

Clear selection

Water is a polar molecule because __________.

it has a charge

it does not have a charge

it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom

different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges

Clear selection

On a hot day, which of these is an outward sign that thermoregulation is taking place?

dry mouth

sunburn

fast breathing

sweating

Clear selection

Lipids are

soluble in water.

made of chains of amino acids.

linked together with peptide bonds.

used by the body for storing energy.

Clear selection

Which of the following molecules make up (compose) proteins?

amino acids

monosaccharides

nucleotides

sugars

Clear selection

Which statement best explains the role of energy in cellular respiration?

The cell creates energy by forming large molecules.

The cell destroys energy by breaking down large molecules.

The cell creates stored chemical energy by capturing solar energy.

The cell moves stored chemical energy to different chemical bonds

Clear selection

From the information that two atoms have two different proton counts, you can conclude that the atoms __________.

belong to two entirely different elements

represent different isotopes of one element

are likely to react violently with each other

might be different ions of the same element

Clear selection

Which of these statements regarding the graph is true?

Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3.

Product B contains more energy at the end of the reaction than reactant A has at the beginning of the reaction.

Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning of the reaction than product C has at the end of the reaction.

The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of a difference in the activation energy of these reactions.

Clear selection

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in the bonds between its __________.

nucleotides

carbon atoms

hydrogen atoms

phosphate groups

Clear selection

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need __________.

water

oxygen

cellulose

carbon dioxide

Clear selection

Which of the following is not a large biomolecule?

carbohydrate

ice

lipid

nucleic acid

Clear selection

Which statement is true of the substance produced by the simple chemical reaction depicted in the diagram?

It is identical to the original substances.

It is a compound, just like the original substances.

It contains more atoms than the original substances.

It is in a different physical state than the original substances.

Clear selection

When changes in the shape of a protein due to temperature or pH occur it means the protein has _______________________________.

deactivated

denatured

become a substrate

become androgenic

Clear selection

These are joined together to form carbohydrates

amino acids

saccharides

nucleotides

ATP

Clear selection

DNA stores

fat.

carbohydrates.

energy.

hereditary information.

Clear selection

An ionic bond means ____________________________.

that two atoms are sharing an electon equally

are sharing an electon but one is more electronegative and therefore has the electron closer to it

that one atoms stole an electron from another atom

none of the above

Clear selection

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

ATP

steroid

wax

sucrose

Clear selection

Hydronium ions, H3O+, react with hydroxide ions, OH-, to form __________.

water

a base

an acid

a buffer

Clear selection

The amino group of one amino acid is linked to the carboxyl group of another amino acid in a protein. This link is a(n)

peptide bond.

hydrogen bond.

ionic bond.

polar bond.

Clear selection

A hydrogen bond means ____________________________.

that two atoms are sharing an electon equally

are sharing an electon but one is more electronegative and therefore has the electron closer to it

that one atoms stole an electron from another atom

none of the above

Clear selection

A covalent bond means ____________________________.

that two atoms are sharing an electon equally

are sharing an electon but one is more electronegative and therefore has the electron closer to it

that one atoms stole an electron from another atom

none of the above

Clear selection

All of the following are examples of lipids except

oil.

starch.

steroids

candle wax.

Clear selection

What type of reaction is used to join monomers together by removing a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion?

dessication

dehydration

claxial

covalenagenesis

Clear selection

What type of molecule is ATP?

amino acid

fat

nucleotide

sugar

Clear selection

The specialized structures of different types of cells are related to the cell's __________.

homeostasis

equilibrium

function

energy

Clear selection

A polar covalent bond means ____________________________.

that two atoms are sharing an electon equally

are sharing an electon but one is more electronegative and therefore has the electron closer to it

that one atoms stole an electron from another atom

none of the above

Clear selection

The overall shape of a single chain of amino acids in a protein is that protein’s

primary structure.

secondary structure.

tertiary structure.

quaternary structure.

Clear selection

A pH that has many hydronium ions

has fewer hydroxide ions and is acidic

has just as many hydroxide ions and is basic

has fewer hydroxide ions and is basic

has just as many hydroxide ions and is acidic

Clear selection

The diagram shows a catalyzed reaction. In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in the diagram, what is happening in step 2?

The catalyzed reaction is releasing a product.

The active sites are restructuring the enzyme.

The substrates are beginning to bind to the enzyme.

The enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates.

Clear selection

Which one of these are NOT present in all living things?

ribosomes

cell membrane

nucleus

cytoplasm

Clear selection

What is the next level of organization that explains muscular function?

bone

heart

muscle fibers

mitochondria

Clear selection

Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called __________.

prokaryotes

eukaryotes

organelles

nuclei

Clear selection

The cells in the human body need nutrients and other materials to stay alive. To be used by cells, the materials must be __________.

slightly acidic

dissolved in fluid

slightly basic

infused with oxygen

Clear selection

Polysaccharides are

carbohydrates.

lipids.

proteins.

nucleic acids.

Clear selection

A pH less than 7 is ________________

acidic

basic

explosive

neutral

Clear selection

How does the liver help to regulate glucose levels in the blood?

by producing insulin

by storing glucose

by releasing glucagon

by excreting excess water

Clear selection

Which of these processes enables cells to stay within the limited range of conditions in which they function best?

metabolism

biodiversity

homeostasis

migration

Clear selection

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