President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20500

CC: Secretary Martin J. Walsh
Department of Labor
200 Constitution Ave NW
Washington, DC 20001

Dear President Biden and Secretary Walsh,

We are historians of working people in the United States, committed to democratic trade unionism and a government that respects and encourages collective bargaining as a means to that end. Among our number are historians of air traffic controllers (PATCO), airline mechanics, railway workers, and wartime federal labor mediation. We are alarmed by your decision to ask Congress to impose an unfair and unpopular settlement in the current railway labor negotiations, which constitutes a negation of the democratic will of tens of thousands of workers and a subversion of your commitment to a revival of the American union movement. Instead of imposing a contract that these workers have already rejected, we urge you to put the full force of your Administration behind the eminently just demands of the railway workers, especially those that provide them with a livable and dignified work life schedule.

From the late 19th century onward, Americans have recognized that labor conflicts in rail and other transportation networks are of special importance for the functioning of society as a whole. The railways are a "common carrier," as indispensable for daily life as water, money, or the power grid. More to the point, no railcar can run without the workers employed in the industry. As a result, special legislation such as the Railway Labor Act of 1926 was enacted even before the New Deal. History shows us that the special legal treatment of rail and other transportation strikes offers the federal government—and the executive branch in particular—a rare opportunity to directly shape the outcome of collective bargaining, for good or for ill. During the Gilded Age, presidents sent armed soldiers to break rail strikes. During World War I, Woodrow Wilson and Congress averted a rail strike by giving the workers what they wanted: the eight-hour day.

These dramatic interventions can set the tone for entire eras of subsequent history. In 1916, railway workers won the eight-hour day, a form of economic freedom that millions more workers across industries would win during the 1930s. In other cases, government suppression of the rights of labor, including the right to strike, has bred violence, repression, and political and social alienation. You witnessed this in your own lifetime, when Ronald Reagan’s notorious breaking of the PATCO strike in 1981 (which resulted in the jailing of union leaders, the firing and permanent replacement of the striking air traffic controllers, and the decertification of the union) served as the starting gun for an economy-wide assault on workers’ rights and organizations. We are still dealing with the consequences today.

President Biden, you have vowed to become the “most pro-union president” in American history. You have said that “No one should have to choose between their job and their health – or the health of their children.” You have also issued executive orders and signed legislation claiming to promote the resiliency of our supply chains. What do these commitments mean if the women and men who work in an essential industry like rail cannot count on your support in their fight for basic protections? How resilient is a supply chain staffed by workers who lack basic democratic rights and social protections?

We call on the President, the Secretary of Labor, and Democratic congressional leaders:

1. Renounce your intention to intervene against the railway workers’ exercise of their legal right to withhold their labor in a contract-related strike.

2. Use the full force of their formal and informal powers to ensure that workers win a contract that meets their fair and modest demands regarding paid sick days. If the party leadership cannot or will not do this, we call upon progressives in Congress to reject any imposed settlement that shortchanges workers and undermines collective bargaining and the right to strike.

Signed:


Joseph A. McCartin, Professor of History and Executive Director of the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor, Georgetown University*

Nelson Lichtenstein, Distinguished Professor in History and Director of the Center for the Study of Work, Labor, and Democracy, UC Santa Barbara

Kim Phillips-Fein, Robert Gardiner-Kenneth T. Jackson Professor of History, Columbia University

Scott Nelson, Georgia Athletic Association Professor of History, UGA

Robin D. G. Kelley, Distinguished Professor and Gary B. Nash Endowed Chair in U.S. History, UCLA

Eileen Boris, Hull Professor and Distinguished Professor of Feminist Studies, UC Santa Barbara

Walter Johnson, Winthrop Professor of History and Professor of African and African American Studies, Harvard University

Richard White, Margaret Byrne Professor of American History, emeritus, Stanford University

Gabriel Winant, University of Chicago

David Stein, UC Santa Barbara

Peter Rachleff, East Side Freedom Library

Josh Freeman, School of Labor and Urban Studies, CUNY

Ruth Milkman, Sociology, History, the Graduate Center, CUNY

Elizabeth Tandy Shermer, Loyola University Chicago

Samir Sonti, CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies

Andrew Elrod, United Teachers Los Angeles

Tim Barker, HGSU-UAW 5118

Ben Tarnoff, Logic Magazine

Erik Baker, Lecturer on the History of Science, Harvard University

Jennifer Klein, Yale University

Brandon Mancilla, Harvard University

Samantha Payne, College of Charleston

Rudi Batzell, Lake Forest College

Cristina Viviana Groeger, Lake Forest College

Jennifer Mittelstadt, Rutgers University

Allyson Brantley, University of La Verne

Suresh Naidu, Columbia University

Trevor Griffey, UCLA

Ian Gavigan, Rutgers-NB

Greg Geddes, SUNY Orange

William Bauer, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Dana Frank, University of California, Santa Cruz

Emma Teitelman, Penn State University

Donna Murch, Rutgers University

Jeff Schuhrke, SUNY Empire State College

Laura Murphy, Dutchess Community College

Dan Berger, University of Washington Bothell

Brishen Rogers, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center

Bob Hutton, Glenville State University

Victor Silverman, Pomona College

Austin McCoy, West Virginia University

Chris Wright, Hunter College

Emily Lieb, Seattle University

Liat Spiro, College of the Holy Cross

Carol Quirke, SUNY Old Westbury

Christopher R. Martin, University of Northern Iowa

Aaron Jesch, Washington State University

Mary Reynolds, Reflective Democracy Campaign

Alexandra Finley, University of Pittsburgh

Matthew Garcia, Dartmouth College

Thomas Adams, University of South Alabama

Alan Simon, Independent scholar

William P. Jones, University of Minnesota

Zach Schwartz-Weinstein

Keri Leigh Merritt

Emily E. LB. Twarog , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Jenny Carson , Associate Professor, History, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada

Simon Balto, University of Wisconsin-Madison,

Mary Anne Trasciatti , Director of Labor Studies, Hofstra University

Devra Anne Weber, UC, Riverside

Tom Alter, Texas State University

Lara Vapnek, St. John's University

David Huyssen, The New School

Joe Gowaskie, Rider University, Emeritus Professor of History

William Mello, Indiana University

Chad Pearson, University of North Texas

Chris Rhomberg, Fordham University

James A. Young, Penn West University - Edinboro President., PA Labor History Society

Leon Fink, Editor, LABOR: STUDIES IN WORKING-CLASS HISTORY

Shannan Clark, Montclair State University

James R. Barrett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Daniel Sidorick, Rutgers University

Stephanie M. Riley, University of South Carolina

Bob Hutton, Glenville State University

Sarah Milov, University of Virginia

Jacob A.C. Remes, New York University

Benjamin Holtzman, Lehman College

Toni Gilpin, Ph.D, Independent Scholar

R.H Lossin, Charles Warren Center, Harvard University

Margaret Gray, Adelphi University

Dave Marquis, University of South Carolina

Mark Soderstrom, SUNY Empire State College

Susan Eisenberg, Brandeis Women's Studies Research Center

Shelton Stromquist, University of Iowa

Grace Reinke, University of New Orleans

Amy Dru Stanley, University of Chicago

Jarod Roll, University of Mississippi

Josiah Rector, University of Houston

Susan Kang, John Jay College, CUNY

Max Fraser, University of Miami

Debbie Goldman, independent scholar

Donna Haverty-Stacke, Hunter College, CUNY

Richard Wells, Empire State College/SUNY

Cal Winslow, Mendocino Institute

Kathryn M. Silva, Associate Professor of History, Claflin University

William E. Forbath, Lloyd M. Bentsen Chair in Law Professor of History University of Texas, Austin

Daniel Clark, Oakland University

Alex Tabor, Carnegie Mellon University

Adolph Reed, Jr., University of Pennsylvania

Jeannette Estruth, Bard College and the Harvard Berkman Klein Center

David Cochran, John A. Logan Community College

Andrew Ross, New York University

Frank Emspak, School for Workers, University of WI Retired

Michael Innis-Jimenez, University of Alabama

Dennis Patrick Halpin, Virginia Tech

William Hal Gorby, West Virginia University

Rick Halpern, University of Toronto

Kevan Antonio Aguilar, UC Irvine

Jeannette Estruth, Bard College and the Harvard Berkman Klein Center

Rosemary Feurer, Northern Illinois University

Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, UNC Chapel Hill

Peter Cole, Western Illinois University

Tom Lux, President, Pacific Northwest Labor History Association

Steve Striffler, UMass Boston

Naoko Shibusawa, Brown University

David Vaught , Texas A&M University

Sharon McConnell-Sidorick, Independent Scholar

Alexander M. Dunphy, University of Maryland

Ruth Needleman , Prof emerita. Indiana University

Marc Kagan, Lehman College

Kyle Kern, Independent Scholar

Brian Truebe, University of Arizona

Mike Slott, Rutgers University

Joseph van der Naald, CUNY Graduate Center

Gordon Andrews, Grand Valley State University

David Vaught, Texas A&M University

Matthew Noah Smith, Northeastern University

David Brundage, UC Santa Cruz

David A. Walsh, University of Virginia

Ellen Schrecker, Yeshiva University

Connor Harney, University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Kit Ginzky, University of Chicago, Graduate Students United-UE

Justine Modica, Cornell University

Joseph M. Gabriel, Florida State University,

Sanjukta Paul, Professor of Law, University of Michigan

Charles Williams, University of Washington Tacoma

Holly Brewer, University of Maryland

Dave Kamper, New Brookwood Labor College

Lisa Lowe, Yale University

Kimberly A Enderle, University of Massachusetts Amherst, University of Massachusetts Amherst

Julie Greene, University of Maryland at College Park

Timothy J Lombardo, University of South Alabama

Andrew Pope, Harvard University

Melanie Newport, University of Connecticut

Rebecca Givan, Rutgers University

Aimee Loiselle, Central Connecticut State University

Steve Kass, Greater New Haven Labor History Association


Miriam Posner, UCLA

Steve Early, NewsGuild/CWA

Janine Giordano Drake , Indiana University

David Roediger, University of Kansas

Salem Elzway, University of Michigan

Tera W. Hunter, Edwards Professor of American History and Professor of African American Studies, Princeton University

Jon Bekken, Albright College

LisaMary Wichowski, Salve Regina University

Werner Steger, Dutchess Community College

Joe Neumann, Special Collections Librarian, University of Maryland Baltimore

Brian Connolly, University of South Florida

Daniel Bessner, University of Washington

David Newby, President Emeritus, Wisconsin State AFL-CIO

Liesl Miller Orenic, Dominican University

David Helps, University of Michigan

Erik Gellman, UNC

Anna R. Igra, Carleton College

Michael Kazin, Georgetown University

Kenneth Alyass, Harvard University

Elizabeth Blackmar, Columbia University

Keona Katrice Ervin, Bowdoin College

Matthew F. Nichter, Rollins College

Nancy Gabin, Purdue University

Charles McCollester, Battle of Homestead Foundation, Pennsylvania Labor History Society

Nate Holdren, Drake University Program in Law, Politics, and Society

William Brucher, Rutgers University

Gwendolyn Lockman, University of Texas at Austin

Kade Doyle Griffiths, PSC -AFT , CUNY

Hossein Ayazi, University of California, Berkeley

Lizabeth Cohen, Harvard University, Dept. of History, Harvard University

Jack Devine, CUNY Graduate Center

Amy C. Offner, University of Pennsylvania

Eric M. Fink, Elon University School of Law

Melissa Ford, Slippery Rock University

Jon Shelton, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay

Margot Canaday, Princeton University

David Marcus, The Nation

Dorothy Sue Cobble, Distinguished Professor Emerita, Rutgers University

Christien Tompkins, Rutger University

Elizabeth Jameson, University of Calgary, Professor Emerita of History (US citizen and American historian)

Richard Yeselson, Dissent Magazine

Kafui Attoh, CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies

Dan Gilbert, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Beth E. Wilson, SUNY New Paltz

Rachel McKinney, Suffolk University

Ben Zdencanovic, UCLA

Marcus Rediker, University of Pittsburgh

Brian Greenberg, Monmouth University

Jason Doering, Railroad Workers United

Justin Clark, Nanyang Technological University

Sandi E. Cooper, Prof emerita, CUNY

Sheetal Chhabria, Connecticut College

Bruce Laurie, UMass Amherst retired

John Enyeart, Bucknell University

Deborah Cohen, University of Missouri-St. Louis

Terence Renaud, University of Chicago

Alex Keyssar, Harvard University

Jamie Weiss, University of Georgia

Bryant Etheridge, Bridgewater State University

Greta de Jong, University of Nevada, Reno

Miguel Bautista

Christopher Thale, Columbia College Chicago

Chris Choe, UGA

Fred Glass, City College of San Francisco

Alex Gourevitch, Brown University

Tamar W. Carroll, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tom Juravich, UMass Amherst

Jessy A. Munoz-Lopez, College Of The Atlantic

Stephen Pitti, Yale University

Joel Suarez, CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies

Dr. Teresa Hill, Retired

Cindy Hahamovitch, President of the Labor and Working Class History Association

Minju Bae, Rutgers University

James W. Wrenn, NC State University and UE Local 150

Natasha Zaretsky, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Esther Isaac, University of Chicago, Graduate Students United-UE

Dave Hageman, Unaffiliated

Jess Marfisi, IATSE Local 839

Joshua Donovan, German Historical Institute, Washington Pacific Office

Jake Wolff, Temple University

Jason A. Heppler, George Mason University

Nick Juravich, UMass Boston

Cecelia Bucki, Fairfield University

Terry L. Taylor, Shoreline Community College

Chris Dingwall, Oakland University

Aaron Benanav, Syracuse University

Jack Metzgar, Roosevelt University

Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Northwestern University

Donna M. Binkiewicz, California State University, Long Beach

Matthew Countryman, University of Michigan

Patrick Sheridan, Universal of Georgia

Paul C. Mishler, Associate Professor of Labor Studies, Indiana University

Verónica Martínez-Matsuda, UC San Diego

Steven C. Beda, University of Oregon

Andy Liu, Villanova University

Vicki L. Ruiz, Distinguished Professor Emerita, University of California, Irvine

Mal Ahern, University of Washington

Hannah Forsyth, Australian Catholic University

Pedro A. Regalado, Stanford University

David M. Anderson, Louisiana Tech University

Dara Orenstein, George Washington University

Trish Kahle, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University Qatar

Jeremiah Lawson, UAW 2865, UC Irvine, Sociology PhD Candidate, School of Social Sciences

Kevin O’Halloran, Pomona College

Emma Cager-Robinson, Highlander Center

Jon Shelton, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay

Aaron Goings, Saint Martin's University

Kelly Goodman, West Chester University of Pennsylvania

Ian Rocksborough-Smith, University of the Fraser Valley

Jason Resnikoff, University of Groningen

Tobias Higbie, University of California, Los Angeles

Laleh Khalili, QMUL (and Columbia alum)

Suzi Weissman, Saint Mary's College of California

Robert Brenner, Center for Social Theory & Comparative History, UCLA

Barry Eidlin, McGill University

Anna Stroinski (US-UK Fulbright Grantee, Durham University)

Ken Fones-Wolf, West Virginia University (Emeritus)

Vivian Price, California State University, Dominguez Hills

Carmen Martino, Rutgers University

Colleen Murphy, Affiliation God-fairing Humanity USA

Cody Stephens, Penn State University

Kit Smemo, Washington University in St Louis

Melanie A. Kiechle, Virginia Tech

Jay Winston Driskell Jr, Historical Research and Consulting, Washington DC

Sean I. Ahern, United Federation of Teachers

James Dator, Goucher College

Christian Parenti, City University of New York

Kirsten Swinth, Fordham University

Rachel Lee Rubin, University of Massachusetts-Boston

Michael McIntyre, DePaul University

Andy Battle, The New School

Jonathan Cortez, The University of Texas at Austin

Alex Lichtenstein, Indiana University

Allen Ruff

Kerry Jo Green, Irving & Rose Crown Fellow, Brandeis University

Emile Amt, Hood College (emeritus)

Manu Karuka, Barnard College

Lawrence Glickman, Cornell University

Christina Heatherton, Trinity College

Alan Derickson, Penn State University

Stephen Macekura, Indiana University

Ileen A. DeVault, Cornell School of Industrial and Labor Relations

Amy Zanoni

Susan Pearsin, Professor of History, Northwestern University

Alexander Aviña, Arizona State University

Bench Ansfield, Dartmouth College

Quinn Slobodian, Wellesley College

Dexter Arnold

Andy Banks

Michael Billeaux Martinez, Madison Area Technical College

Viet N. Trinh, Earlham College

Beth English, Indiana University

Sergio M. González, Marquette University

Jennifer Standish, UNC Chapel Hill

Yesenia Barragan, Rutgers University

Julilly Kohler-Hausmann, Cornell University

Allen Binstock

Paul Frymer, Princeton University

David Weinfeld, Rowan University

Jessica Wilkerson, West Virginia University

Kevin Boyle, Northwestern University

James L. Hill, University of Pittsburgh

Victor Pickard, University of Pennsylvania

Brian Justie, UCLA

Fraser Ottanelli, University of South Florida

James C. Benton, Georgetown University

Beth Robinson, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi

Heather Sinclair, Penn State

Francis Ryan, Rutgers University

Cyra Akila Choudhury, FIU College of Law

Linda H Donahue, Cornell ILR School (retired)

Stephanie Luce, School of Labor and Urban Studies, CUNY

Michael Reagan, Rutgers University

Karen Miller, City University of New York, AFT Local 2334

Fran Shor, Wayne State University

Louis Hyman, Cornell University

Emily Pope-Obeda, Lehigh University

Mary Hicks, University of Chicago

Lorenzo Costaguta, University of Bristol

Michael Childers, School for Workers, University of Wisconsin-Madison

William M. Adler

Rebecca Hill Kennesaw, State University

Lisa Labovitch, PNW historian

Micah Uetricht, Jacobin magazine

Melvyn Dubofsky, Distinguished Professor of History & Sociology Emeritus, SUNY Binghamton

Michael Koncewicz, Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, New York University

Jordan T. Camp, Trinity College

Stephen Petrie, AFSCME Local 526

Elizabeth Henson, University of Arizona

David Laibman, Professor Emeritus (Economics), City University of New York

Michael J. Allen, Northwestern University

Adam Quinn, University of Oregon / AFT Local 3544

Eric Fure-Slocum, St. Olaf College

Sanford Jacoby, UCLA

Kathleen Belew, Northwestern University

Annelise Orleck, Professor of HIstory, Dartmouth College

Steve McFarland, CSU-Dominguez Hills

Eric Blanc, Inc. Assistant Professor of Labor Studies, Rutgers University

Alfredo Carlos, California State University, Dominguez Hills

Grace Davie, Queens College, CUNY

Kate Sampsell

Alicia Puglionesi, Johns Hopkins University

Colin Davis, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Michael G. Hillard, University of Southern Maine

Stephanie Fortado, University of Illinois

Richard L Heuring, SMART

Holger Droessler, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Evan P. Bennett, Florida Atlantic University

David H Slavin, Emory U cont. ed.

Lou Martin, Chatham University

Teresa Mack, CNA-NNU

Margaret Stevens, Essex County College

Michael Mark Cohen, University of California at Berkeley

Derek Chang, Cornell University

David Zonderman, North Carolina State University

Alice R Wexler, Hereditary Disease Foundation

Kim Moody, University of Westminster, London, UK

Priscilla Murolo, professor emerita, Sarah Lawrence College

Elizabeth Sine, Cal Poly State University SLO

Colette Perold, University of Colorado Boulder

Bill Barry, Retired/Community College of Baltimore County-Dundalk

Chris Cronbaugh, Kirkwood Community College

Cynthia Wright, York University

Benjamin Balthaser, Indiana University

Jessica Levy, Purchase College, SUNY

Alina R. Méndez, University of Washington Seattle

Paul M. Renfro, Florida State University

Shawn Gude

Jeff Stilley, Virginia Tech

Amelia Golcheski, Emory University

Randi Storch, SUNY Cortland

Meghna Chaudhuri , Boston College

Charles Petersen, Cornell University

Benjamin Feldman , CSU- East Bay

Steve Fraser, Independent scholar

Todd Wolfson, Rutgers University

Shaun Scott, Public historian, Seattle, Washington

Christina Dunbar-Hester, University of Southern California

Jeffers Lennox, Wesleyan University

Richard McIntyre, University of Rhode Island

Branden Adams, UCSB

Jackson Osborne

Kenneth A. Germanson, Wisconsin Labor History Society

Colleen O'Neill, Utah State University

Peter Bohmer, The Evergreen State College

Dr. Kevin Van Meter, Affiliated Faculty, LERC at University of Oregon & Union Organizer

Augustus Wood, University of Illinois

Erik Loomis, University of Rhode Island

Eric Arnesen, George Washington University

Jeff Melnick, UMass Boston

Peter C. Pihos, Western Washington University

Janice Kelble, retired American Postal Workers Union

Paul F. Clark, School of LER, Penn State University

Bob Bussel, University of Oregon

Cedric Johnson, University of Illinois at Chicago/UICUF Local 6456

Luke Masa, West Virginia University

Alex Beasley, The University of Texas at Austin

Matthew Keaney, Housatonic Community College

Mark Gibb, University of Georgia

Brian Dolber, California State University San Marcos

Greg Grandin, Yale

Meg Jacobs, Princeton University

Jaclyn J. Kelly, President, AFSCME Local 526; Milwaukee Public Museum; Wisconsin Labor History Society

Alexander Wood

Jacob F. Lee, Assistant Professor of History, Penn State University

Ronald Schatz, Wesleyan University

Matt Stanley, University of Arkansas

Maggie Clinton, Middlebury College

Bryan Winston, Wesleyan University

James C. Maroney, Lee College, retired

Ben Alpers, University of Oklahoma

Rob Konkel, Yale

Nicholas Budimir, Muskegon Community College Faculty Association (MEA)

Faith Bennett, UC Davis, UAW2865

Justin F. Jackson, Bard College at Simon's Rock

Cynthia Yuan Gao, New York University, GSOC UAW-2110

Bill Balderston Solidarity, Oakland Education Assoc.

Whitney Strub, Rutgers University-Newark

John Holmes, Merritt College

Christopher M. Hill, California State University, Chico. (Graduate Student)

Chelsie Wilson

Dr. Katie Singer, Independent scholar

Sharon Ullman, Bryn Mawr College

Dawson Barrett, Del Mar College

Kathleen Banks Nutter, Smith College

Les Robinson, Brown University

Jane Dailey, University of Chicago

Michael Williams, Tacoma Labor School

Sarah E. Igo, Vanderbilt University

Benjamin Serby, Adelphi University Honors College

Nic John Ramos, Drexel University

Adam Dean, George Washington University

Amanda Ciafone, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

Ericka Wills, School for Workers, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Paul Gilmore, Fresno City College, SCFT-AFT

Evan Rothman, CUNY Graduate Center

Rick Baldoz, Brown University

Kathryn Lehman, Columbia College

Jane McAlevey, UC Berkeley (on strike)

Elena Razlogova, U.S. History, Concordia University, Montreal

Stanley Anton Gronek, Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 1001-retired Financial Secretary

Theresa Ann Case, University of Houston-Downtown

Jerry Carbo, Shippensburg University

Dr. Peter Labuza, IATSE Local 600

Gino Canella, Emerson College

Daniel Zylberkan, Florida State University

Caroline Waldron, University of Dayton

Brooke Depenbusch, University of Illinois Springfield

Jesse Ritner, The University of Texas at Austin

Pam Butler, University of Notre Dame

Einav Rabinovitch-Fox , Case Western Reserve University

James Robinson, Labor Studies, Rutgers University

Howard Brick, University of Michigan

Adam Tompkins, Lakeland University Japan

Carolyn J. Eichner, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Richard Grossman, Northeastern Illinois University, University Professionals of Illinois, AFT local 4100

James R. Tracy, City College of San Francisco

Erik Wallenberg, Visiting Assistant Professor, History, New College of Florida

Benjamin Prostine, University of Georgia

Pat Reeve, Suffolk University

Mars Plater, University of Connecticut

Heather Gautney, Fordham University