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Quiz 7. The human rights to water and sanitation & accountability
OK , we're going to test your knowledge of the principle of accountability in the context of the human rights to water and sanitation.
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In the context of the human rights of water and sanitation, implementing the principle of accountability requires defining:
20 points
Who are the actors to be held accountable.
What are these actors accountable for and how do they answer when questioned about how they perform their activities.
How to hold these actors accountable.
The principle of accountability is not relevant to the human rights of water and sanitation
When discussing who is accountable in the human rights to water and sanitation, the following holds true:
20 points
Only governmental institutions can be held accountable for their decisions, because they are the primary duty-bearers responsible for realizing people’s rights to water and sanitation.
Informal service providers cannot be considered accountable actors, because they operate outside of existing regulatory frameworks.
Development and humanitarian actors cannot be held accountable, because they are not always based in the territory.
Any actor that may affect people’s rights to water and sanitation must be held accountable.
When discussing how actors can be held accountable in the human rights to water and sanitation, the following holds true:
20 points
Actors must adhere to predetermined performance standards and these should focus specifically on making water and sanitation services available and accessible.
Actors must provide explanations and justifications for their actions, inaction and decisions, both at the request of people and proactively.
Actors must make complaint mechanisms available to all affected people and they should compile the complaints, requests and concerned received, but they are not obliged to take specific action.
Actors must establish participatory mechanisms that allow people to express their concerns or voice their needs, but exclusively those who are literate.
When discussing how to hold actors accountable in the human rights to water and sanitation framework, the following holds true:
20 points
Only judicial mechanisms can enforce compliance.
Oversight is a prerequisite for holding actors accountable.
The withdrawal of licenses is always an effective way of holding actors accountable.
Only the affected populations can hold actors accountable.
In the context of the human rights of water and sanitation, the principle of accountability is:
20 points
A secondary principle which should be implemented after other normative principles such as availability or affordability.
Difficult to implement because of the complexity of the actors involved in the WASH sector, and its specificities.
Relevant for the delivery of water services, but not quite as much for sanitation.
Relevant only in urban areas, where most people are served by utility-managed networked services.
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