Recently, growing demands for energy storage system are present, due to the rapid replacement of conventional fossil fuel with renewable energy. Different rechargeable batteries (especially lithium-ion batteries) are currently being developed, but there are still many rooms for further optimization, in particular the electrode materials and components of them. Nanostructures have recently garnered much attention due to their merits over bulk particles in 1) ionic/electronic transport, 2) pore size/distribution, and 3) more active sites for ion storage. Amongst various synthetic methods, electrospinning is one of the most scalable methods to produce one-dimensional nanostructures, which can be directly used for the electrode and separator/electrolyte. In this lecture, we will discuss together on what electrospinning is, what it is known for, and how it can be employed for applications in rechargeable batteries.