2.2 Thermal properties and temperature EXT

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2.2a The big picture

1) a) Temperature is measured with a ………………… .

1 point

1) b) Most temperatures are measured in °C which stands for degrees ………………… .

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2) State the temperature measured by the thermometer to the nearest °C?

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3) A fire needs a fuel, oxygen and a high ………………… to burn. Removing one of these will slow the fire and eventually stop it burning.

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2.2b Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

1) Why do overhead power lines sag in warm weather?

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The metal wires contract when they are warmer.

The metal wires expand when they are warmer.

The metal wires turn into liquid when heated.

The metal becomes very soft when warmed.

Clear selection

2) Which of these descriptions explains why liquids can expand more than solids when heated?

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The particles in a liquid are larger than the particles in a solid.

The particles in a solid are larger than the particles in a liquid.

The particles in a liquid are able to move more freely than those in a solid and so will spread apart more when they gain energy.

The particles in a solid are able to move more freely than those in a liquid and so will spread apart more when they gain energy.

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3) a) A solid expands much ………………… than a liquid when heated because the particles in a solid are in fixed positions and …

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3) b) … and can only ………………… . The particles in a liquid are free to flow and move.

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4) Identify the statement that explains why solids expand when heated.

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The forces between the particles in the solid increase.

The particles in the solids expand, pushing each other apart more.

The particles in the solid lose kinetic energy and vibrate less, occupying less space.

The particles in the solid gain kinetic energy and vibrate more, occupying more space.

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2.2c Practical Demonstrating thermal expansion

1) The image shows a bimetallic strip being heated. Identify which statement explains the shape of the strip after heating.

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The metals have expanded equally.

The brass has expanded more than the steel.

The steel has contracted more than the brass.

The steel has expanded more than the brass.

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2) a) When a sample of a liquid in a flask is heated, it will ………………… as …

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2) b) … as the average spacing between the particles will ………………… .

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3) When building ships, red-hot metal bolts called rivets are used to connect two overlapping steel plates. The other end of the rivet is also hot and is hammered together when still in place. When the bolt cools, the plates become watertight.

Why do the rivets make the steel plates watertight upon cooling?

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The metal plates have contracted.

The metal plates have expanded.

The rivet has contracted on cooling.

The rivet has expanded on cooling.

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2.2d Specific heat capacity

1) What is the unit of specific heat capacity?

1 point

Jkg°C

J/(kg°C)

(Jkg)/°C

°C/(kg J)

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2) The specific heat capacity for copper is 385J/(kg°C). What will be the increase in temperature of a 2.5kg block of copper if it is electrically heated using 4000J?

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0.24°C

4.2°C

26°C

42°C

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3) Complete the following sentence. When the temperature of an object is increased by heating it, there is also an increase in the ………………… energy of the object.

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2.2e Practical Measuring specific heat capacity of a liquid

1) A polystyrene cup of mass 10g is filled with a liquid. The combined mass of the liquid and cup is 250g. An electrical heater provides 1600J of energy and the temperature of the liquid rises by 12.5°C.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of the water using the data from this experiment.

1 point

0.533 J/(kg°C)

51.2 J/(kg°C)

512J/(kg°C)

533 J/(kg°C)

Clear selection

2) a) Complete the following paragraph. When measuring the ………………… heat capacity of a sample of water, the heating element is not fully submerged in the liquid.

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2) b) Some of the energy will be lost to the surroundings, which means that the ………………… of the water will not increase as much as it should.

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2) c) This will result in a specific heat capacity which is ………………… than the true value.

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3) A student measured the specific heat capacity of a sample of water by heating it. The student spilt some of the water before heating it but used the originally measured mass.

Identify which of the following is the likely outcome of the experiment.

1 point

The measured specific heat capacity will be the same as the true specific heat capacity.

The measured specific heat capacity will be lower than the true specific heat capacity.

The measured specific heat capacity will be higher than the true specific heat capacity.

The water will boil.

Clear selection

2.2f Practical Measuring the specific heat capacity of a solid

1) A metal block of mass 0.50kg is heated with an electrical heating element. The heater provides 1500J of energy and the temperature of the block rises
by 6.0°C.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of the block in J/(kg °C).

1 point

2) a) When measuring the specific heat capacity of a metal sample, the block is heated with an electrical heating element. The specific heat capacity is calculated using the ………………… supplied, …

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2) b) … the mass of the block and the increase in ………………… .

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3) A student measured the specific heat capacity of a metal block by heating it. The block is not well insulated and loses energy to the surroundings.

Identify the most likely outcome of the experiment.

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The temperature of the block will not increase.

The measured specific heat capacity will be the same as the true specific heat capacity.

The measured specific heat capacity will be lower than the true specific heat capacity.

The measured specific heat capacity will be higher than the true specific heat capacity.

Clear selection

2.2g Melting, boiling and evaporation

1) State how molecules behave during solidification.

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The bonds between molecules become weaker and the molecules are free to move apart more.

The bonds between molecules become stronger and the molecules become locked into fixed positions.

The molecules become smaller so they can fit closer together.

The molecules begin to move faster and take up much more space.

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2) Complete the following sentence. The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ………………… .

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3) Which of these will increase the average speed of the molecules in a liquid and so increase the rate of evaporation of a liquid when it is below it's boiling point?

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Increase the air flow over the liquid

Increase the surface area of the liquid

Increase the temperature of the liquid

Increase the volume of the liquid

Clear selection

4) Which of these describes the process of evaporation in a liquid?

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The fastest moving particles near the bottom of the liquid escape.

The fastest moving particles near the surface of the liquid escape.

The slowest moving particles near the surface of a liquid escape.

The liquid forms bubbles of gas inside it as it reaches its boiling point.

Clear selection

5) Why does a liquid cool, as some of it evaporates?

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The average speed of the molecules in the liquid decreases.

The average speed of the particles in the liquid increases.

There are less particles in the liquid so they are colder.

The particles in the liquid become smaller and so have less energy.

Clear selection

2.2h Practical Investigating rates of evaporation

1) The rate of evaporation of a solvent is investigated in a practical. Increasing the surface area of the liquid ………………… the rate of evaporation.

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2) a) To investigate how the rate of evaporation of a liquid is affected by the surface area, the change in ………………… is measured …

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2) b) … measured for a fixed period of ………………… for a range of different surface areas.

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3) Which of these units can be used to measure the rate of evaporation of a substance?

1 point

g/s

cm²

g/cm²

Clear selection

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