Quiz 1. The human rights to water and sanitation & different levels and types of services

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OK , we're going to test your knowledge of human rights to water and sanitation and the different levels and categories of water and sanitation services.

Pick the correct option(s) for each question.

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Reflecting the normative content of the human rights to water and sanitation (i.e., available, accessible, affordable, acceptable, and safe services) in WASH delivery means that:

20 points

States must take immediate steps to achieve the best possible WASH services.

States must demonstrate a rapid progress towards the overarching goal of universal access to water and sanitation.

States must set progressive and focused steps to eliminate inequalities, taking into account existing service levels and local context.

States have no obligations at all in regards to implementing the normative contents of the human rights to water and sanitation.

When assessing the different options for extending service coverage or upgrading service levels:

20 points

Whenever possible, piped water and sanitation systems managed by formal utilities should be implemented, as they provide the best services.

Informal shared or communal services can be considered as permanent solutions, since they can provide service to millions of households.

Self-supply solutions are always good, and should be further strengthened and supported.

Selecting the most suitable solution must be done in light of the human rights standards and principles, as all types of service and management models raise some human rights concerns.

Monitoring inequalities in the access to water, sanitation, and hygiene from a human rights perspective means:

20 points

Using the same starting point and baseline for achieving universal access to WASH services for all countries and contexts

Using aggregated quantitative data, such as the national percentage of people with access to improved services, to measure progress towards universal access.

Using quantitative data – on the basis of age, sex, geography, income, disability, race and ethnicity, amongst others – to measure access.

Using both disaggregated quantitative and qualitative data to understand the barriers faced by disadvantaged and marginalized groups.

Prioritization of water, sanitation and hygiene services based on the human rights framework means:

20 points

Prioritizing those to whom it is easier to deliver services, in order to demonstrate rapid progress towards the goal of universal access.

Meeting the immediate needs of the most disadvantaged and marginalized.

Adapting strategies that consider only the long-term needs of the population.

Ensuring active, free and meaningful participation of all those concerned.

In the context of the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation, shared or communal services are:

20 points

Relevant for institutional WASH, such as schools and health care centres.

Adequate long-term solutions, as they provide services to millions of households.

Only suitable to be managed by small-scale, community-run service providers.

Only suitable for the delivery of water services.

Which picture shows 'individual on-site solutions' for sanitation?

20 points

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

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