Biology A Unit 8 Replacement Test -Genetic Variation -2023

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A substitution mutation occurs in a DNA sequence below. Based on this information, what is the expected effect of the mutation? *

1 point

The polypeptide will contain an additional amino acid.

The polypeptide will contain a different amino acid.

The polypeptide will have the same amino acids.

The polypeptide will have fewer amino acids.

Which of the following describes a mutation in a parent that could change the phenotype of its future offspring? *

1 point

a mutation in the DNA of a liver cell

a mutation in the RNA of a skin cell

a mutation in the DNA of a sperm cell

a mutation in the RNA of a brain cell

A mutation caused a phenotypic change in an organism’s offspring. The mutation most likely occurred in which type of cell from the parent? *

1 point

skin cell

neuron

blood cell

gamete

The diagram below shows a process that occurred in the nucleus of a cell. Which of the following statements describes what happened in this process? *

1 point

DNA was translated.

DNA was converted to RNA.

A mutation occurred as DNA was replicated.

Pieces of DNA from different chromosomes were joined.

Which of the following describes how DNA determines genetic inheritance? *

1 point

A set of three nucleotides in a specific order codes for a genetic trait.

A single nucleotide codes for a genetic trait.

A pair of complementary nucleotides codes for a genetic trait.

A long sequence of nucleotides in a specific order codes for a genetic trait.

Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation? *

1 point

respiration

replication

mRNA production

nitrogen fixation

Mice with the same parents can have different traits. Which of the following best explains how most of these differences occur? *

1 point

Gametes join by binary fission.

Genes assort independently during meiosis.

Cells divide by asexual reproduction.

Spontaneous mutations occur during mitosis.

For a new liver cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following? *

1 point

only the best parts of the original cell’s DNA

a rearranged copy of the original cell’s DNA

two copies of the original cell’s DNA

an identical copy of the original cell’s DNA

The diagram below represents a pair of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell, and the resulting chromosome in a haploid cell. The letters represent alleles of genes. What process listed below explains the changing alleles in the haploid cell? *

1 point

Independent assortment occurred during fertilization.

Incomplete dominance occurred during gene expression.

Crossing over occurred during meiosis.

A mutation occurred during a viral infection.

The diagram below shows a parent cell and the daughter cells that are produced after the parent cell divides. Which statement below is true? *

1 point

They have half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell has.

They have half the number of lipids that the parent cell has.

They are a result of transcription.

They are a result of binary fission.

A body cell of a sand dollar has 50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should a sand dollar gamete contain? *

1 point

104

The stored information in DNA codes for which of the following? *

1 point

mitochondria when energy is needed

proteins

simple sugars

large vacuoles when nutrients are abundant

A small section of a DNA molecule contains the nucleotide sequence A T T C G G G A T A T T. Which section of DNA represents the complementary strand to the DNA sequence given? *

1 point

T A A G C C C T A T A A

A T T C G G G A T A T T

T T A T A G G G C T T A

A A T A T C C C G A A T

Identify the process that accomplishes segregation of alleles into sex cells. *

1 point

Mitosis

Meiosis

Gamete

Cytokines

The normal distribution describes a symmetric bell-shaped distribution. People's heights, weights and IQ scores are data about a population and can be organized on a graph. This bell-shaped pattern is seen a lot and is why it gets the name normal. Height in humans is a polygenic trait with a distribution similar to the graph shown. What height has the most individuals? *

1 point

66 inches for females and 71 inches for males

70 inches for females and 80 inches for males

55 inches for females and 85 inches for males

can't be determined from this graph

OPEN RESPONSES: Use the information below to answer the following questions.

A certain genetic disorder is caused by a single base mutation in the DNA of a certain gene. The mutation changes the amino acid glutamate (Glu) to aspartate (Asp).
Identify the type of macromolecule (carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, protein) that changes when Glu changes to Asp. Explain your answer.
A portion of the amino acid sequence that includes this mutation is shown below.

Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Asp

Identify the type of macromolecule (carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, protein) that changes when Glu changes to Asp. Explain your answer. *

2 points

The sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder. DNA sequence:3’ CAA-TCG-CGG-TCT-CTT 5’. Determine the mRNA sequence from the patient's DNA sequence. *

2 points

Using the information in the codon table below, determine the amino acid sequence that is coded for by the mRNA sequence you determined in previous question. *

2 points

Determine whether the patient has the genetic disorder. Explain your answer. *

4 points

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