2022 International Medicine and Disease Olympiad Exam Papers (Public Release)
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Multiple Choice Questions
What is the type of linkage between glucose molecules that forms the branches in glycogen?
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Which of the following is not a fatty acid?
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Which of the following is not a nonpolar amino acid?
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What type of chemical bonds join the phosphates to the sugars in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?
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Which of the following chemical interactions forms the secondary structures of proteins?
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Which protein complex helps polypeptides fold into their correct conformations?
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Which of the following proteins is not a coiled-coil?
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Which of the following proteins does not have a quaternary structure?
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Which amino acid is not generally phosphorylated by kinases?
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Which of the following is found in noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme?
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In the Lineweaver Burk plot, what is the x-intercept?
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What type of enzymes can adopt two or more slightly different conformations, and their activity can be regulated by a shift from one to another?
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Which of the following transfers a phosphate from ATP to a protein?
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Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of the chemical group and the amino acid that it attaches to on a protein?
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Which of the following will be isolated last using centrifugation?
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In what type of chromatography does the association of a protein and the matrix depend on the pH of the solution passing down the column?
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In SDS-PAGE, which of the following is used to break the S-S linkages within proteins?
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Which of the following cannot be seen on a karyotype?
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The histone responsible for packing the “beads-on-a-string” into a more compact chromatin fiber is
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Which of the following chemical modifications tends to turn euchromatin into heterochromatin?
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Which step makes the addition of a DNA nucleotide in the polymerization of DNA irreversible?
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Which of the following necessitates the synthesis of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction?
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Which enzyme removes RNA primers?
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Which of the following enzymes unwinds the DNA double helix to begin DNA replication?
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Which of the following DNA damages can lead to a substitution mutation?
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Which method of repair for double-stranded DNA breaks ensures no loss of nucleotides?
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Which of the following is not a difference between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

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Which RNA polymerase transcribes genes that code for proteins?
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Which general transcription factor binds to the TATA of the promoter on DNA first?
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Which chemical group signals proteasomes to degrade a protein when it is attached to the protein?
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Which of the following is not a housekeeping protein?
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Which RNA transcribed from the genome is cut by Dicer and incorporated into RISC to block mRNA translation?
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All of the following can potentially generate genetic variation in the offspring except:
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Which of the following is a retrotransposon that encodes a reverse transcriptase and can use an RNA intermediate to move from one part of the genome to another?
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Which enzyme is transported to a specific sequence of DNA by a guide RNA and makes a double-stranded cut in the DNA?
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Which DNA library does not contain any introns?
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Which of the following is not associated with PCR?
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In DNA fingerprinting, which DNA sequences are analyzed using PCR and gel electrophoresis to identify different individuals?
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Which procedure involves sending a probe to locate DNA or RNA sequences in living cells and tissues?
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In the production of the membrane, which enzyme removes specific phospholipids from the side of the bilayer facing the exterior space to the monolayer that faces the cytosol?
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What is the main component of the cell cortex in a red blood cell?
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Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the first irreversible step in glycolysis?
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How many NADH molecules are produced per glucose at the end of the citric acid cycle?
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Which protein is not involved in vesicle budding from a membrane?
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Which protein is not involved in vesicle docking onto a membrane?
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What is the monomeric GTPase that most RTKs activate?
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Which motor protein moves toward the plus end of a microtubule?
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Which of the following does not play a role in apoptosis?
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Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene?
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Which of the following is not a homeostatically regulated factor in the human body?
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Which of the following processes is not an example of positive feedback?
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Which of the following does not contribute to the resting potential of a neuron?
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Which of the following is the main contributor to the falling phase of an action potential in a neuron?
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What is the site on a neuron where action potentials are initialed by a graded potential that exceeded the threshold?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is made from tryptophan and acts in CNS in pathways involving mood, emotions, behavior, appetite, states of consciousness, and muscle movements?
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Which of the following second messengers activates Protein Kinase C?
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Which of the following toxins blocks the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, keeping the signal cAMP-mediated transduction pathway continuously active?
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Which of the following controls the skeletal muscles?
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Which of the following glial cells in the brain induces the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
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Which of the following glial cells in the brain are the immune defense cells of the CNS?
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Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the somatosensory cortex and receives sensory inputs from the entire body?
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Which structure in the brain governs speaking ability and is associated with the motor areas of the cortex that control the muscles necessary for speaking?
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Which structures in the brain function in inhibiting muscle tone throughout the body and maintaining purposeful motor activity?
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Which structure in the limbic system is especially important in processing inputs that give rise to the sensation of fear and anxiety?
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In long-term potentiation, or LTP, an increase in the number of which receptor on the postsynaptic membrane leads to greater EPSP in response to the neurotransmitter glutamate?
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Which structure runs through the brainstem into the thalamus and receives and integrates all incoming sensory synaptic input?
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Which of the following toxins irreversibly inhibits AChE, the acetylcholinesterase, at the neuromuscular junction?
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Which protein blocks the myosin binding site on the actin filament until Ca2+ ions are present?
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Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
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Which part of the EKG represents the repolarization of the ventricles?
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According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, the stroke volume from the ventricle depends on which of the following?
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In which of the following conditions is a coronary artery completely blocked by an embolus and the portion of the heart served by the vessel begins to die?
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Why type of circulatory shock is caused by histamine release in severe allergic reactions?
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Which of the following does not bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells?
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Which organ produces EPO, erythropoietin, which stimulates erythropoiesis by stem cells in the bone marrow?
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An increase of which of the following leukocytes is associated with allergic conditions and with internal parasite infestations?
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In the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade, the active form of which factor converts factor X to its active form, which in turn converts prothrombin to thrombin?
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What are body-produced chemicals that make bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis?
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In inflammation, histamine induced vasodilation and increased capillary permeability allow leukocytes to leave the blood vessels and migrate to the site of tissue injury. What is the physical process by which leukocytes leave the blood vessels through the capillary wall?
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Which disease is characterized by muscular rigidity and involuntary tremors at rest and is attributed to a deficiency of dopamine in the basal nuclei?
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Which toxin prevents the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, from inhibitory presynaptic inputs terminating at neurons that supply skeletal muscles, resulting in uncontrolled muscle spasms, cessation of breathing and death?
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The drugs used to treat elevate blood cholesterol level, statins, inhibit which enzyme along the cholesterol synthesis pathway?
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Which substance cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?
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Which of the following is a language disorder caused by damage to specific cortical areas such as Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
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In what type of amnesia is the patient unable to store memory in long-term storage for later retrieval after a traumatic brain injury?
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Which brain disease is characterized by beta amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles?
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In which autoimmune disease do antibodies block, alter, or destroy the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness?
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In which type of heart block do the nerve impulse generated in the SA node in the atrium fail to propagate to the ventricles?
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A young athlete in great health with no prior history of medical problems suddenly experiences shortness of breath and chest pain and dies shortly thereafter. What is the most likely cause of the young athlete’s death?
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Epithelial cells that are wider than they are tall are called:
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Which of the following can be classified as connective tissue?
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An organ is a structure that comprises at least __ of the primary tissues.
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Which of the following best describes the role of caspases?
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During which phase of the cell cycle would you expect chromatid pairs to first become clearly visible and easily identifiable under microscope.
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In an alien species, enzymes work the same way as in humans. The following
series of reactions controls the growth hormone production in this alien species:

A + 2B -> 5C + D
5C + E -> 3F + G
G -> 2H + 2B

Which of the following is an enzyme in this series of elementary reaction steps?
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In an alien species, enzymes work the same way as in humans. The following
series of reactions controls the growth hormone production in this alien species:

A + 2B -> 5C + D
5C + E -> 3F + G
G -> 2H + 2B

Which of the following is an intermediary in this series of elementary reaction steps?
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Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide?
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Which of the following best describes the term ischemia?
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Which of the following causes hyperpolarization? Choose all that apply.
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Required
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for mediating muscle tone?
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Most antidepressants mimic the effect of which neurotransmitters?
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Which of the following is the result of Wernicke’s aphasia?
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Which taste triggers G-proteins, which then causes calcium ions to be released from the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which of the following can be fixed by replacing the lens of the eye with a new plastic lens?
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Which of the following systems cannot cause secondary hypertension?
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Which is the last chamber of the heart that blood exits out of before entering the rest of the body as oxygen rich blood?
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Which of the following is not a late sign of some form of shock?
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Gasses in the lung loosely follow the ideal gas law. According to Boyle’s law, a derivative of the ideal gas law, which of the following is true?
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Which of the following conditions causes both hypoventilation and high blood pH?
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Which of the following body regions has the highest two-point touch threshold distance?
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Which of the following drugs blocks voltage-gated Sodium ion channels?
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Which of the following is NOT a proposed function of astrocytes?
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Which of the following supports the function of neurons within sensory and autonomic ganglia?
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Which of the following does not affect the rate of diffusion across a membrane?
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Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid?
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Steroids are considered which of the following macromolecule?
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Short-course antibiotics can curb antimicrobial resistance in children. *
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The CDC says that Zika infections have been reported in 50 states. *
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Which of the following in NOT relevant to the diagnosis of MRSA anymore: *
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Free Response Questions
Public Health: Why do most health care professionals recommend social distancing and wearing masks even in countries where it is expected everyone will eventually get the virus? (3 Points)
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Ethics: What is your interpretation of “First do no harm”? (3 Points)
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Schema: Imagine you are working in a medical practice - a 55 year old female comes in to your practice and complains about chest pain. What are your initial thoughts about what could be bothering this patient? What follow up questions or tests should you do? (5 Points)
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Schema: Imagine you are working in a medical practice - a 12 year old male comes in to your practice with a fever. What are your initial thoughts about what could be bothering this patient? What follow up questions or tests should you do? (5 Points)
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Biochemistry: The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system regulating blood acidity follows the equation:

                            H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

Assume that you have a 2L blood sample with an initial 62g of carbonic acid and no bicarbonate or lone protons. Also assume that the pKa of carbonic acid is 3.49. What is the pH of the blood sample after the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system has come to equilibrium? (3 Points)
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Biochemistry: An 8.00g sample of SO3 was placed in an evacuated container, where it decomposed at 600°C according to the following reaction:

                       SO3(g) -> SO2(g) + 12O2(g)

At equilibrium the total pressure and the density of the gaseous mixture were 1.80 atm and 1.6 g/L, respectively. Calculate Kp for this reaction. (5 Points)
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Biochemistry: The hydrocarbon naphthalene was frequently used in mothballs until recently, when it was discovered that human inhalation of naphthalene vapors can lead to hemolytic anemia. Naphthalene is 93.71% carbon by mass and a 0.256 mol sample of naphthalene has a mass of 32.8g. (6 Points Total)
     a. What is the molecular formula of naphthalene? (3 Points)
This compound works as a pesticide in mothballs by sublimation of the solid so that it fumigates enclosed spaces with its vapors according to the equation:

            naphthalene(s)->naphthalene(g)  K=4.29*10-5 @ 298K

     b. If 3.00g of solid naphthalene is placed into an enclosed space with a volume of 5.00L at 25°C, what percentage of the naphthalene will have sublimed once equilibrium has been established? (3 Points)
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