The abstract contains the objectives
of the study/research/development/meta-analysis, the way it is conducted
including the methods, the results of the
study/research/development/meta-analysis, and conclusions. The abstract
also contains the novelty of the
studies/research/development/meta-analysis and recommendations for
education policy. Written in continuous sentences to form a paragraph
(not a mathematical equation or formula), without subheadings, without
footnotes, without bibliography, and without abbreviations. The
abstract’s length ranges between 150–200 words.
Keywords consist of 4-5 words or
phrases sorted based on their relevance to the title of the manuscript
and its content, could be one word or multiple-word phrase, and make for
an easier search for the manuscript’s topic. Each keyword is separated
by a semicolon, is written in lowercase letters, and does not contain
abbreviations.