The Scientific Revolution & The Age of Enlightenment Unit Test (Dr. D Version)
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1. Before the Scientific Revolution began, how did people in Europe explain the world around them?
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A. the Bible
B. Ancient Greek ideas
C. Native American folklore
E. both A & B
2. Before the Scientific Revolution, most people in Europe believed __________ was at the center of the Universe?
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B. the Earth
A. the sun
E. Mars
3. Ptolemy, a Roman scientist, had a theory (idea), which was known as the ______________ ?
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D. Curved Space System
B. Heliocentric System
A. Geocentric System
4. During the Scientific Revolution, how did the church treat people with different ideas about our place in the Universe?
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A. the Church welcomed new ideas
B. the Church did not endorse new ideas but was tolerant
C. the Church punished those with new ideas about the Universe
E. both A and C
5. Rapid (quick) advances in European Science & Mathematics based on a new philosophy of empiricism during the 16th and 17th centuries was known as __________?
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A. the Age of Enlightenment
B. the Scientific Revolution
D. the Renaissance
6. A method of discovery consisting in the systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses is called the _______?
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D. the Renaissance
B. Neoclassical
C. Scientific Method
7. A Polish astronomer who proved that the Earth and the other planets rotated (went around) around the sun was _____________.
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D. Isaac Newton
C. Johannes Kepler
A. Galileo Galilei
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
8. The idea that the Earth and the other planets rotate around the sun is called _____________?
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D. Curved Space System
A. Geocentric System
B. Heliocentric System
9. Which of the following happened as a result of Galileo's teaching the theory above in #8?
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A. He won the Nobel Prize in Astronomy
B. He was knighted by the king
D. He was forced to recant and put under house arrest by the Church
10. A French Mathematician who developed Algebra and Geometry was _________.
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E. Rene Descartes
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
A. Galileo Galilei
D. Isaac Newton
11. Who developed a modern understanding of the Laws of Motion and made discoveries about how objects respond to gravity?
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A. Galileo Galilei
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
D. Isaac Newton
E. Rene Descartes
12. Using "cow pox" Edward Jenner developed the first vaccination for which of the following diseases?
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D. small pox
B. heart disease
C. chicken pox
A. cancer
13. __________ was an 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason & scientific method to all aspects of society and government.
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A. Scientific Revolution
B. Renaissance
D. The Age of Enlightenment
14. During the Age of Enlightenment, thinkers were interested in studying the relationship between _____ and _____?
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E. God and humans
C. people and their governments
A. men and women
15. Which of the following below was one of the 5 concepts for advocating reason during the Age of Enligtenment?
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A. reason
B. happiness
C. nature
D. progress
E. liberty
F. All of these
16. Enlightenment thinkers were often known as ___________?
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E. constitutional monarchs
B. philosophes
D. absolute monarchs
16. Which Enlightenment philosophe wrote The Leviathan- which stated that "without government people would fight, rob, and oppress each other"?
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A. Locke
E. Rousseau
C. Hobbes
D. Voltaire
17. Which Enlightenment philosophe proposed (suggested) the idea of Natural Rights and stated “All people are born free and equal with life, liberty, and estate (property)”
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F. Wollstonecraft
A. Locke
B. Montesquieu
C. Hobbes
18. "Natural Rights" are rights that are given to individuals by __________?
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B. the Parliament
A. the king
D. by God at birth
19. Which famous American document mentions "Natural Rights"?
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B. Gettysburg Address
D. Truman Doctrine
A. Declaration of Independence
20. Which Enlightenment philosophe proposed (suggested) the idea of "Separation of Powers" within government?
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F. Wollstonecraft
B. Montesquieu
E. Rousseau
D. Voltaire
21. How is the idea of "Separation of Powers" used in the United States Constitution today?
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C. the Congress and the President have more power than the Federal Courts
A. the President holds ALL of the power
B. power is equally divided between three branches
22. Which Enlightenment philosophe was concerned about the "Civil Rights" of the people?
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F. Wollstonecraft
E. Rousseau
C. Hobbes
D. Voltaire
23. Which Enlightenment philosophe advocated for women's rights?
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A. Locke
E. Rousseau
F. Wollstonecraft
C. Hobbes
24. Which Enlightenment philosophe proposed (suggsted) a free market economy driven by supply and demand rather than an economy controlled by the government?
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F. Wollstonecraft
C. Hobbes
A. Locke
G. Smith
25. Enlightenment ideas were often spread (shared) in _______?
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A. Social Media
B. Solons
E. palaces
26. Which best describes a style which is simple, elegant, and similar to Ancient Greece and Rome
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C. Neoclassical
E. Gothic
D. Retroclassic
27. Which composers began composing (writing) music at the age of 5?
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B. Mozart
C. Haydn
A. Beethoven
28. Which Enlightenment Despot made reforms (changes) such as less censorship, improved education, and other reforms in Prussia as a result of the Age of Enlightenment?
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A. Joseph II
D. Catherine the Great
B. Fredrick the Great
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