In light of the deplorable and alarming war crimes committed by Hamas and Islamic Jihad terrorists against Israeli citizens – including hundreds of women, children and babies – we, a group of experts in international law, humanitarian law, human rights law, international relations, victims rights and gender studies, call on UN human rights bodies, UN agencies such as UN Women, member states, international organizations and the entire human rights community for an urgent and unequivocal condemnation of the massacre committed by Hamas.
We also call upon the international community to take all measures necessary to ensure the immediate release of all hostages held by Hamas - among them babies, infants, children, women, elders, holocaust survivors, and people with disabilities - all in need for immediate care and medical treatment.
The murderous attacks on Israeli citizens by Hamas
On October 7, 2023, on the Jewish Sabbath and during the celebration of the Jewish holiday Simchat Torah, Hamas and Islamic Jihad militants launched a murderous attack, aimed at Israeli civilians. In the early hours of Saturday morning, thousands of Hamas terrorists invaded Israel from Gaza by land, air, and sea. Following a barrage of rocket attacks directed at cities throughout Israel, Hamas raided more than 20 villages, towns and small communities, and in a few hours shot, burned, slaughtered, and beheaded at least 1,400 women, men, and children, including at least 40 babies, in their homes, wiping out entire families. As part of the attack, Hamas massacred 260 young men and women, who were celebrating in a music peace festival and shot at hundreds who were fleeing for their lives in an effort to find shelter. Thousands of people were severely wounded. Hospitals’ and morgue staff report severe injuries, cruelly inflicted.
In addition to those murdered and injured, Israeli officials now confirm that 212 Israelis and foreign citizens have been kidnapped and are being held hostage in Gaza.
The horrifying testimonies, the magnitude of the atrocities, and the numbers of those slaughtered, are still unfolding.
Hamas Atrocities in Israel: International War Crimes against Women and Children
We are deeply shocked and saddened to report that hundreds of Israeli women - including mothers with their babies, infants, young girls and boys, and elderly women - were violently slaughtered, executed, tortured, raped, and abducted.
Over the past week, since the attack, Hamas has released numerous horrific visuals of its brutal crimes, including videos of acts of torture of innocent children and women, murder of babies, abuse of women’s bodies, violent rapes of young women, naked bodies of women dragged through the streets of Gaza, acts of violence towards children, kidnappings and killings in the most inhumane ways possible. The visuals, some posted live by Hamas on social media, document Hamas’s militants’ raping and abducting women seconds after the murder of their children or husbands, as well as children kidnapped minutes after watching their parents being slaughtered. In many cases, women - alive or dead - were presented by Hamas as trophies, reviled and humiliated by the gathering crowd.
The abducted persons -
Among them mothers with babies, infants, children, elderly women in need of medical care, and people with disabilities, citizens of Israel and of other countries, were brutally dragged into Gaza. Their condition is unknown. Requests by the ICRC to visit them and assess their condition were denied.
The only public information that we do have about the hostages was meticulously collected from the videos of atrocities released by Hamas. In releasing these videos, Hamas intentionally causes severe suffering to the abductees’ families and friends, who are desperate for information about their loved ones, thereby commiting torture, that is absolutely prohibited under international law. Yesterday, Hamas released videos of several hostages - babies, children and women - screaming and crying with their eyes covered and their physical condition appearing grave. Hamas threatened to execute “without warning” a hostage every time an airstrike hits a home in Gaza.
Following are the names and details of
few of the 212 abductees: 3
year old Avigail Idan – both of her parents were murdered and she was kidnapped
alone; Ms. Doron Asher and her two girls, aged 2 and 4, abducted to Gaza ,
while the grandparents were murdered; 5 year old Emilia Aloni; 12 year old Noam
Avigdori; Shiri Bibas and her two little boys: 4 year old Ariel, and 9 months
old Kfir; Hagar Brodutch and her three children - 10 year old Ofry, 8 year old
Yuval and 4 year old Oria; the two sisters, whom parents were murdered, 8.5
year old Ela Elyakim and 14 years old Dafna Elyakim; 12 year old Erez Kalderon
and his sister, 16 year old Sahar Kalderon; 11 year old Yuval Engel, abducted
with her family; 17 year old Agam Goldstein and her 11 year old brother Gal and
her 9 year old brother Tal; The 3 year old twins Ema and Yuly Konio, abducted
with their mother, Sharon; 17 year old Mia Leimberg; 9 year old Ohad Munder
Zachri; 13 year old Alma Or; 17 year old Noam Or; 16 year old Amit Shani; 16
year old Noya Sharabi, abducted with some members of her family; 8 year old
Nave Shoham, abducted with his family;13 year old Yagil Yaakov and his sister,
17 year old Or Yaakov; 12 year old Yahalomi Eitan abducted with his father;
Yaffa Adar, an 85 year old Holocaust survivor is one of many elderly persons
abducted, some of whom are chronically ill. 26 years old Noa Argamani was
abducted from the peace festival, and is seen horrified, in a Hamas video,
driven away on a motorbike by Hamas terrorists, separated from her boyfriend,
Avinatan Or who was also abducted. Their abduction was documented and published
on social media by Hamas.
Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, Gender-Based War Crimes, and Genocide
The multiple reports, photos, testimonies, and video footage indicate that the Hamas assault inside Israel involved shocking and appalling massacres, extreme forms of violence, torture, physical abuse, mutilation and abuse of bodies, kidnapping, violence against children and brutal sexual violence – all committed against large numbers of civilians, in many instances specifically targeting women, girls and infants.
The horrendous acts of Hamas constitute multiple war crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This is true whether we define the conflict as an international armed conflict (IAC) or a non-international armed conflict (NIAC). A non-exhaustive list of the crimes committed includes: the prohibition on killing civilians or persons hors de combat [for IAC 8(2)(a)(i), 8(2)(b)(vi) for NIAC - 8(2)(c)(i), 8(2)(e)(i)]; cruel treatment and torture, causing great suffering, serious injury and mutilation [for IAC 8(2)(a)(ii), 8(2)(a)(iii), 8(2)(b)(x) for NIAC 8(2)(c)(i), 8(2)(e)(xi)]; committing rape and other forms of sexual violence [for IAC 8(2)(b)(xxii), for NIAC 8(2)(e)(vi)]; outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment [for IAC 8(2)(b)(xxi), for NIAC 8(2)(c)(ii)]; [and the taking of hostages (for IAC 8(2)(a)(viii), for NIAC 8(2)(c)(iii)).
Given the that crimes were part of a widespread and systematic attack directed at a civilian population, given their brutality and multiplicity - Hamas’ acts also constitute crimes against humanity, as defined in the Rome Statute, including : murder [7(1)(a)]; extermination (mass murder) [7(1)(b)]; imprisonment and other severe deprivation of physical liberty [7(1)(e)]; torture [7(1)(f)]; rape and sexual violence [7(1)(g)], persecution on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender grounds [[7(1)(h)]; enforced disappearance of people [7(1)(i)]; and other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health [7(1)(k)].
The crime of genocide -
A public statement released by over 250 international law experts, stated with regard to the crimes of Hamas that "(A)s these widespread, horrendous acts appear to have been carried out with an “intent to destroy, in whole or in part” a national group – Israelis – a goal explicitly declared by Hamas, they most probably constitute the international crime of genocide, proscribed by the Genocide Convention and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.”
Hostage-Taking
Is a war crime and constitutes a crime against humanity. In addition to brutally massacring hundreds of civilians, Hamas militants abducted civilians from their homes (violently pulling them out of their shelters), including severely wounded persons, women, children, babies, holocaust survivors, elderly and disabled persons. They also took members of the Israeli security forces as hostages and took bodies with them to Gaza. It is estimated that Hamas is holding 212 hostages, most of whom are civilian. The majority of the hostages are Israeli, but some are nationals of other countries. All of those captured were violently taken to the Gaza Strip. Many of the hostages suffer poor health and available information gives room to fear that they are being tortured. Taking hostages of persons not taking an active part in hostilities is categorically prohibited under Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. This provision, which is regarded as part of customary international law, applies to all parties in all armed conflicts (see Rule 96 of the ICRC Rules of Customary IHL). Articles 8(2)(a)(viii) and 8(2)(c)(iii) of the Rome Statue define taking hostages as a war crime. Abducting the hostages, withholding information as to their whereabouts and refusal to grant the ICRC to visit them amount to the crime against humanity of enforced disappearances (article 7(1)(i) of the Rome Statue).
Moreover, international law in general, and more specifically international humanitarian law explicitly address the vulnerability of women, children, and defenseless individuals. Article 76 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (protocol I, of June 1977) unequivocally states in a clear, detailed manner that “Women shall be the object of special respect and shall be protected in particular against rape, forced prostitution and any other form of indecent assault” and that “Pregnant women and mothers having dependent infants who are arrested, detained or interned for reasons related to the armed conflict, shall have their cases considered with the utmost priority.” With respect to children, Article 77 of the Protocol provides that “Children shall be the object of special respect and shall be protected against any form of indecent assault. The Parties to the conflict shall provide them with the care and aid they require, whether because of their age or for any other reason.” These provisions are widely regarded as norms of customary international law that apply in all armed conflicts.
Lastly, a series of UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) address gender-based violence in times of conflicts. UNSCR 1325 calls attention to the special vulnerability of women and girls during armed conflicts and urges special measures to protect women and girls from gender-based violence, particularly rape and other forms of sexual abuse, and all other forms of violence in situations of armed conflict. UNSCR 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013), 2122 (2013), and 2493 (2019), emphasize and require special treatment for women, children, and defenseless individuals. In this regard, UNSCR 1820 (2008) (a) notes that sexual violence is used as a weapon and tactic of war, (b) notes that rape and other forms of sexual violence may constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, or a constitutive act with respect to genocide, (c) stresses the need for the exclusion of sexual violence crimes from amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution processes, (d) calls upon the Member States to comply with their obligations for prosecuting persons responsible for such acts, to ensure that all victims of sexual violence, particularly women and girls, have equal protection under the law and equal access to justice, and (e) stresses the importance of ending impunity for such acts as part of a comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace, justice, truth, and national reconciliation.
Children in an Armed Conflict - In the context of the involvement of children in an armed conflict, Hamas’s actions also constitute a blatant violation of UN Security Council resolutions 1261, 1882 and 2225, that detail six grave violations affecting children during armed conflict due to their especially egregious nature and the severe impact of savage acts against children, including the killing and maiming of children, rape and other forms of sexual violence against children, abduction and the denial of humanitarian access to children. This should be addressed by the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict.
UN statements on the Hamas attacks
The UN Secretary-General condemned “in the strongest terms” the attack by Hamas against Israeli communities. In addition, other UN officials expressed concern following “horrific scenes of violence” that left dozens dead and hundreds wounded in Israeli cities near the Gaza Strip amid rocket attacks by armed Palestinian militants in the early morning of Saturday, October 7. Tor Wennesland, the UN's Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, denounced Hamas’s attack, noting that he: “vehemently condemns this morning’s multi-front assault against Israeli towns and cities near the Gaza Strip and barrage of rockets reaching across central Israel by Hamas militants” . According to Wennesland, “these events have resulted in horrific scenes of violence and many Israeli fatalities and injuries, with many believed to be kidnapped inside the Strip”. “These are heinous attacks targeting civilians and must stop immediately.” Deeply concerned for the well-being of all civilians, he said he is “in close contact with all concerned to urge maximum restraint”. Furthermore, the UN Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory released a statement declaring that: “the taking of hostages is a violation of international law and constitutes an international crime. Persons deprived of liberty are protected against murder, torture, and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and sexual violence.” Similarly, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights “call[ed] on Palestinian armed groups to immediately and unconditionally release all civilians who were captured and are still being held.” He emphasized that “the taking of hostages is prohibited by international law.”
Indeed, while some UN officials condemned the horrifying attacks, we were saddened, and gravely concerned, to learn that many UN officials - have either completely ignored Hamas’s atrocities and the inhumane suffering of Israeli citizens, or referred in general to both sides of the conflict to use restraint and avoid harm to civilians, failing to acknowledge the horrific nature and magnitude of the acts committed in the Hamas attack on Israel, its civilians and communities.. A particularly concerning example of the failure to acknowledge the Hamas atrocities is that of UN Women. In a letter, dated 13 October 2023, "UN Women statement on the situation in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian territory", UN Women, the UN designated agency aimed at the promotion and protection of gender equality and the empowerment of women, has chosen to turn a blind eye to the heinous crimes committed by Hamas against Israeli citizens, and in particular women and children.
Under these sad circumstances:
We join other international scholars in urging immediate release of the hostages:
It is the legal and moral duty of all states to act swiftly to halt these crimes.
The international community, including all states and relevant international organizations, must take all measures necessary to ensure immediate release of all hostages held by Hamas. Any delay any action that will result in more loss of human life and aggravated human suffering.
Pending release of the hostages, all states must demand Hamas to immediately provide clear information as to the actual whereabouts and condition of all hostages.
Pending release, humanitarian organizations, including the ICRC and all relevant UN agencies should demand from Hamas to provide them with access to the hostages. These organizations must also do their utmost to ensure that essential foodstuff and appropriate medical treatment are provided.
Pending release, all states should use all available means to support Israel, the ICRC and all other relevant organizations and states to gain access to the hostages and to receive information about their fate and whereabouts. Such assistance should include, at the least, providing all possible logistical assistance and available intelligence and supporting relevant diplomatic efforts.
Without derogating from the duty to demand the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, all states and international organization have a duty to use all available means at their disposal in order to pressure Hamas to give precedence to the immediate release of those hostages who belong to specially protected groups: children, women, older persons, people with disabilities and those in need of medical treatment.
We urge UN Women and all other agencies, experts, states and international organizations:
To condemn the atrocities and war crimes and take all measures to act in their relevant capacity to document and collect testimonies of the brutal crimes of Hamas. Humanity cannot ignore the horrific crimes committed by Hamas against civilians and people hors de combat. There is NEVER a justification to commit war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of customary international law, humanitarian law and international human rights law.
To condemn and investigate Hamas’s gender-based war crimes committed against women, children and babies as well as heinous wide-spread sexual violence offenses committed against women and girls.
To effectively respond to the needs of the victims. Through initiatives such as the UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict (UN Action), UN Women and other agencies and international organizations are ostensibly committed not only to prevent sexual violence in conflict but also to respond effectively to the need of survivors and improve accountability. As such, it is a moral imperative for a UN agency leading global efforts on ending sexual violence in conflict to not only expose the grave violations committed and still being committed by Hamas against women and girls, but also to unequivocally condemn and respond to such actions. Additionally, it is the responsibility of UN Women to support ongoing efforts aimed at ensuring the recovery and dignity of survivors and to work on preventing such violations from happening again to women and girls.
To take urgent measures for the immediate release of women and children who are held by Hamas.
Finally, echoing the words of the President of the EU Parliament, Roberta Metsola -
“Our voice is important. And our strong stand against terrorism is crucial. October 7th is a day that will go down in global infamy. The world has witnessed Jews being murdered simply because they were Jewish. Again. In Israel. We are here … - as one - to express our solidarity, to condemn the appalling acts of terror and murder and to demand the immediate release of hostages. ... There is no justification for terrorism. Hamas is a terrorist organization. They do not represent the legitimate aspirations of the Palestinian people. They do not offer solutions. They offer bloodshed. …
This is not a time for whataboutism. We have to be clear about what we are talking about: this is terror in its worst form.”
Sincerely,
Dr. Cochav Elkayam Levy, Davis Institute for International Relations, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem; Reichman University; Dvora Institute for Gender and
Sustainability; Sophie Davis Forum on Gender, Conflict Resolution and Peace
Prof Yifat Bitton, Human Rights specialist, President, Achva Academic College
Prof. Ruth Halperin-Kaddari, Founding Academic Director of the Rackman Center for the Advancement of
Women, Faculty of Law, Bar-Ilan University; former member and Vice-Chair of the UN CEDAW Committee
Prof. Jacqui True, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Elimination of Violence against Women and School of Social Sciences, Monash University
Dafna Dror-Shpoliansky, Hebrew University
Dr. Sarai Aharoni, Head of the Gender Studies program, Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Prof. Frances Raday, Hebrew University
Prof. Ruti Teitel, New York Law School
Prof. Yuval Shany, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Dana Pugach, Ono Academic College; Co-founder and director, The Israeli Society of Victimology
Prof. Noya Rimalt, University of Haifa
Prof. Barak Medina, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dr. Carmel Shalev, CEDAW member, 1994-2000
Prof. Yael Ronen, Academic Center for Science and Law, Hod Hasharon; Minerva Center for Human Rights, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. David Kretzmer, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Tomer Broude, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Eyal Benvenisti, University of Cambridge
Prof. Moshe Hirsch, University of Cambridge
Colonel (Res.) Adv. Pnina Sharvit Baruch, Senior Researcher, Institute for National Security Studies (INSS); Vice President of International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists (IJL);Founding memberof Dvorah Forum
Adv. Tammy Caner, The Institute for National Security Studies(INSS),Tel Aviv University, Dvora Forum
Prof. Tamar Hostovsky Brandes, Ono Academic College
Dr. Orit Kamir
Prof. Zvi Triger, Faculty of Law, the College of Management
Prof. Swati Parashar, Gothenburg University
Dr. Tamar Megiddo, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Hadar Aviram, UC Law San Francisco
Prof. Daphné Richemond-Barak, Reichman University
Prof. Galia Press-Barnathan, Davis Institute for International Relations, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dr. Magdalena Pacholska, Asser Institute (University of Amsterdam)
Prof. Yael Hashiloni Dolev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Dr. Shlomit Aharoni Lir, Bar Ilan University
Dr. Ido Rosenzweig, University of Haifa
Dr. Miriam Zucker, Osgoode Hall Law School
Dr. Meital Pinto, Zefat Academic College; Ono Academic College, Public Law and Human Rights expert
Eti livni, Ex member of parliament .head of comity of status of women
Saviona Rotlevy, Judge (ret)
Tal Hochman, Head of Government relations, Israel Women's Network
Dr. Tal Nitsan, Academic head, Forum Sophie Davis on Gender, Conflict Resolution and Peace, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dr. Galya Hildesheimer, Peres Academic Center
Shay Bialik, 2023 SDG Pioneer
Tanyah Murkes, CEO, Society for International Development (SID)-Israel; Board Member of Forum Dvorah: Women in Foreign Policy and National Security
Neta Moallem, Bar Ilan University
Yael Vias Gvirsman, Representing victims in the context of atrocities including SGBC committed on or around 7 October, Reichman University, Dvorah Forum
Shelly Aviv Yeini, Research fellow, University of Haifa
Shira Shaham, Research fellow, The Israeli Forum for Intelligence Studies
Efrat Minivitzki Thein, former Director of International Organizations and Gender Equality Officer at the NSC
Prof. Israel W Chsrny, Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide Jerusalem
Yifa Segal, JISS
Dr. Ariel Zemach, Ono Academic College
Prof. Tsfira Grebelsky-Lichtman, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Ono Academic College
Dr. Ya'ir Ronen, Ben Gurion University
Inbar Noy-Freifeld, Hebrew University
Prof. Rosa Freedman, University of Reading
Dr. Sigall Horovitz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Boaz Huss, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Dr. Alexandre Mallet-Prevost, NEXLAW PLLC
Dikla Tutian Zaid, Founder of the Noga center for victims of crime at Ono academic college
Dr. Galya Hildesheimer, Peres Academic Center
Dr. Shani friedman, Hebrew University/UBO
Dr. Liv Halperin, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Sophie Davis Forum on Gender, Conflict and Peace
Prof. Keren Gueta, Bar-ilan University
Dr. Michele Olzi, Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Como (Italy)
Hila Pikali, Bar Ilan University
Prof. Amichai Cohen, Ono Academic College
Dr. Michal Gilad, Multidisciplinary Center on Childhood, Public Policy & Sustainable Society
Prof. Nathaniel Berman, Brown University
Prof. Dinah Stillman, University of Oklahoma
Leonard Shapiro, Hebrew University
Adv. Ido Dembin, Molad - the Center for the Renewal of Israeli Democracy
Dr. Anat Rosenberg, Reichman University
Adv Rotem aloni davidov, Haifa university
Prof. Michal Tamir, The Academic College of Law and Science
Prof. Gerald M. Steinberg, Bar Ilan University; President of NGO Monitor
Prof. Gila Stopler, College of Law and Business
Dr. Ziv Bohrer, Bar-Ilan University
Dr. Michal Saliternik, Netanya Academic College
Dr. Esther Lopatin, Tel Aviv University
Dr. Natalie Davidson, Tel Aviv University
Dr. Karin Loevy, NYU Law
Prof. Iris Canor, College of Management
Dr. Maya Sion Tzidkiyahu, Director of Israel - Europea Relations Program, Mitvim Institute; European Forum at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; EU Studies Program, Tel Aviv University
Lee Ann Basser, Independent scholar
Prof. Annika Björkdahl, Lund University
Prof. Rachel E. VanLandingham, Southwestern Law School
Prof. Michael Schmitt, University of Reading
Dr. Catherine Wessinger, Loyola University New Orleans
Dr. Ze'ev Lehrer, peres academic center and tel aviv university
Prof. Hanni Mittelmann, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Yann JUROVICS, Université Evry, France
Dr. Efrat Sopher, Ezri Center for Iran & Gulf States Research University of Haifa
Dr. Melanie Garson, Department of Political Science, University College London
Robert Garson, President, American Association of Jewish Lawyers & Jurists
Dr. Yael Machtinger, Rackman Center for the Advancement of Women, Faculty of Law, Bar-Ilan University/ CUNY
Prof. Benjamin Shmueli, Dean of Students, Bar-Ilan University
Prof. Arie Reich, Bar Ilan University
Dr. Sivan Shlomo Agon, Bar-Ilan
University
Dr. Sharon Khalifa-Gueta, University of Haifa Dr. Asaf Lubin, Indiana University Maurer School of Law
Dr. George
R. Wilkes, Kings College London, and Consultant, Human Rights Watch
| Renee Silverman, School of Visual Arts |
Samantha Hillman, International human rights lawyer
Roni Aloni- Sadovnik, Feminist activist lawyer specializing in representing victims of sexual assault on a nationalistic background. Leader of public opinion on women's rights In Israel.
Julien Bensimhon, Avocat, Barreau de Paris
Prof. Yuli Tamir, Beit Berl College
Dr. Aleksandra Gliszczynska-Grabias, Institute of Law Studies Polish Academy of Sciences
Dr. Hadas Peled, Bar Ilan University
Prof. Rebecca Tuvel, Rhodes College
Jackie Kern, Ohio State University
Dr. Doreen Lustig, Tel Aviv University
Prof. Oren Gross, University of Minnesota
Dr. Dana Wolf, Reichman University |
Dr. Havatzelet Yahel, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Dr. Tamar Morag, Hebrew University Law School and The Academic College of Tel Aviv - Yafo
Prof. Michael W. Meier, Emory University School of Law
Ernest Amster, UCLA
Prof. Geoffrey Corn, Texas Tech University School of Law
Prof. Anat Scolnicov, University of Winchester, UK
Prof. Orna Ben-Naftali, The College of Management
Baroness Ruth Deech, UK House of Lords
If you are an expert on international law, human rights, international relations or gender studies and would like to be added as a signatory, please complete the following form in the link below. Thank you for your solidarity!
