1. (i) Thirukkural was one of the earliest Tamilliterary texts to be published in 1812. (ii) Maraimalai Adigal collected and editeddifferent palm leaf manuscripts of theTamil grammars and literature. (iii) Robert Caldwell established theclose affinity between the Dravidianlanguages in contrast with Sanskrit andalso established the antiquity of Tamil. (iv) Thiru.Vi. Kalyanasundaram was an earlypioneer in Trade union movement. *