Final Test

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Final Test

We encourage you to take this final test once you have completed the previous trial quizzes. In order to receive a free certificate of the Course, we expect a score of 100% on this final test. However, the idea is not the score itself, but a full understanding of the material. You will also be expected to submit an entry for our blog of between 800 and 1.500 words, as a requirement to receive a free certificate of the Course.

Why is a dualistic formation of identity often problematic?

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Identity is a personal and private matter and therefore must not be addressed in such universal terms.

Understanding seemingly opposing identity traits is often too complex to fully embrace more than one identity.

It automatically adopts an exclusive approach, defining oneself based on how one differs from an often inferior "Other."

It creates a false sense of unity between different groups.

Clear selection

According to the Greeks, people who did not speak Greek and thus, did not have access to "paideia" - that is, Greek education -, were considered "barbarians".

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True

False

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Which of the following goes against post-humanist beliefs?

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Classism

Slavery

Colonialism

All of the above.

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Of the three definitions of Posthumanism, which one specifically discusses the human no longer being codified as the top species?

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Post-anthropocentrism

Post-humanism

Post-dualism

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What is a sincere concern in democratic Transhumanism?

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Some believe a vote should be conducted in order for citizens to feel involved in enhancement decisions.

Some believe that a free market should be kept, ensuring the best outcome.

Some believe that any form of human enhancement is unethical.

Some believe that the sciences and technologies that encourage human enhancement should be available to everyone.

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Why is the term "human" no longer reflective of who we are in the 21st century?

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We are no longer humans, but rather cyborgs who display a biological makeup while also relying on technology in order to survive.

The term "human" represents a closed notion which limits discussions regarding our existence in terms of evolution, ecology, technology, and more.

The term "human" represents an open notion which does not obey the basic laws of science.

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How can biology and ecology be utilized to deconstruct a dualistic notion of the human?

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Humans actually share a significant percentage of their genetic material with other non-human animals.

Humans have a direct relationship with the environment, which provides all the nutrients we need to survive and thrive.

Humans depend on other living organisms---such as gut bacteria, for instance---to function and thrive.

All of the above.

Clear selection

Please choose the correct statement.

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Posthumanists believe that we are not yet post-human, while transhumanists do.

Transhumanists believe that we are not yet post-human, while posthumanists do.

Both transhumanists and posthumanists believe that we are already post-human.

Neither transhumanists nor posthumanists believe that we are already post-human.

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How does one address our existence in terms of Post-humanism?

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It is through the consideration of past, present, and future occurrences.

It is through assessing one's way of life in relation to oneself and others.

It is through the deconstruction of the notion of the human.

All of the above.

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What are the main goals of Transhumanism and Posthumanism, respectively?

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Human enhancement; the deconstruction of the human.

Both have the primary goal of human enhancement.

Both have the primary goal of deconstructing the human.

The deconstruction of the human; human enhancement.

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How are Posthumanism and Transhumanism similar?

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They both focus strictly on deconstructing the human-dominated hierarchy on Earth.

They both vehemently advocate for human enhancement.

They both are extreme political that threaten modern society.

They both see the human as an open notion.

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What is speciesism?

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Discrimination based on evolutionary adaptations a species has acquired over time.

Discrimination based on the planet on which one lives.

Discrimination based on the species to which you belong.

Discrimination based on intraspecific characteristics such as race or class.

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From which movement, in particular, did Post-Humanism arise?

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The Civil Rights Movement

First-Wave Feminism

The Enlightenment

Post-Modernism

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What ideas are explored in Post-humanism?

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Post-humanism explores the power in technology and provides that it is a way of revealing.

Post-humanism is mainly concerned with human enhancement and deems it as a societal goal.

Post-humanism provides reference to Christian ideals (i.e. the human was created in the eyes of God)

Post-humanism discusses contexts in which not everyone is considered human (i.e. slavery, ethnocentrism, sexism, etc.)

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Where does Transhumanism come from?

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The Enlightenment

Transhumanism has only recently emerged in our current era, known as the transhuman era.

The Renaissance

Transhumanism can be traced back to ancient times.

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What does the term "Anthropocene" mean?

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The term represents our current era in which the human is connected to the biosphere and therefore affects the environment around it.

Anthropocene is another word for ecology, defined as the place we inhabit.

The term suggests that humans are only affected by the environment (evolution, adaptation, etc.)

The term anthropocene relates to an anthropocentric state of mind in which humans believe they are the central element of existence.

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What is inherent in dualistic modes of thinking?

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A strict distinction between what is traditionally considered superior and inferior.

An appreciation for diversity.

An ability to objectively understand and acknowledge both sides of a complex issue.

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What does "anthropos" mean?

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Environment

Human

Man

Woman

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Post-humanism emphasizes that the human is a plural, rather than single, notion. What does this mean?

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A human is a complex being that cannot be defined by single, rigid labels.

Humans are a plural species, highlighting the importance of community when raising children.

There are several different species of humans.

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Which of these statements is representative of Posthumanism?

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According to Posthumanism, we can already be posthuman.

We cannot think of the human as an open frame only in the context of the future, but also in the present and past.

There are 3 definitions of Posthumanisms: Post-humanism, Post-anthropocentrism, and Post-dualism.

All of the above.

Clear selection

What are the two assets regarding reformation of humans that leads to human enhancement?

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Mind Uploading and CRISPR

Science and Technology

Libertarian and Democratic

Progress and Rationality

Clear selection

What are some philosophical movements that fit under the umbrella term of "Posthuman"?

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Transhumanism, Posthumanism, Antihumanism, New Materialism

Transhumanism, Posthumanism, Evolution, Technology

Posthumanism, Metahumanism, Extropianism, Liberalism

Clear selection

What are some ways to combat dualism?

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Interconnection, coexistence, empathy, and affinity.

Empathy, pity, virtue-signaling, and generalization.

Coexistence, "separate but equal" public spaces, and merit-based hierarchical structuring.

Shaming dualistic thinkers, embracing a dualistic "cancel culture," and adopting a more verbally violent approach.

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What is a primary goal of Post-Anthropocentrism?

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To assert the environment's superiority over humans.

To assert humans' superiority over the environment.

To bring back the species that have gone extinct due to human activity.

To redefine the relationship between humans and the environment as a mutual one.

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What is included in the "deconstruction" approach of posthumanism?

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The deconstruction includes fully embracing that all humans are actually posthuman.

The deconstructions includes critiques related to notions such as progress and reason.

The deconstruction includes changing the way in which we view human enhancement.

The deconstruction includes forming a new and closed notion of the word "human".

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What does it mean to "deconstruct the human" with regards to Post-Humanism?

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It is to break free from ingrained superficial ideas of what defines a human and recognize instead that humans cannot be restrained within a single idea, nor should they be defined by strict categories such as race, gender, and class.

It is to systematically break down all of the movements that have contributed to the rise of Post-Humanism while individually analyzing the effect of each movement on this relatively novel philosophy.

It is to marvel at the anatomical complexity of humans, thereby proving their superiority to other species.

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What would be an example of cultural Posthumanism?

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Discussing the ethics behind expanding the way in which we define the "human".

Embracing technologies that improve the biological state of a human.

Allowing specific cultures to improve their individual interpretation of the "human".

Referring back to historical occurrences and assessing the notion of "human" from that era.

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Is it possible to be considered transhuman today?

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No, we have surpassed the existence of transhuman and are now considered posthuman.

No, the transhuman is approaching, however there needs to be serious technological/scientific breakthroughs for the transhuman to exist.

Yes, everyone is considered transhuman in some respect.

Yes, some are considered transhuman, however no one is considered posthuman (according to transhumanism).

Clear selection

What do Posthumanism, Transhumanism, and Antihumanism share in common?

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Each movement supports the idea that the human as a closed notion is not reflective of who we are.

Each movement focuses specifically on Darwinism.

Each movement can be considered a democratic school of thought.

Each movement can be considered a libertarian school of thought.

Clear selection

Please choose the correct statement.

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Transhumanism roots itself in the Enlightenment while Posthumanism roots itself in Post-Modernism.

Transhumansim roots itself in First-Wave Feminism while Posthumanism roots itself in the Enlightenment.

Transhumanism roots itself in Post-Modernism while Posthumanism roots itself in the Enlightenment.

Transhumanism roots itself in the Civil Rights Movement while Posthumanism roots itself in First-Wave Feminism.

Clear selection

Why is dualistic thinking unsustainable?

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Artificial Intelligence will eventually perform most critical thinking for us.

Even if racial, gender-based, and sex-based discrimination disappeared, it would nonetheless promote other forms of discrimination.

It promotes the dangerous illusion that an equal, nondiscriminatory society is possible.

The discrimination supported by dualistic thinking is in fact false and propagates a complicated narrative meant to confuse and manipulate society.

Clear selection

Why is the Anthropocene especially distinguishable from other geological eras?

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The Anthropocene is an era representative of greater inclusivity and post-humanist ideals.

The Anthropocene is an era chiefly defined by the scientific and technological advancements facilitated by humans.

The Anthropocene is defined by humans' direct impact on the biosphere and other species. The human species is thus seen as a geological force.

The Anthropocene boasts more diversity in plant and animal species than any other era.

Clear selection

What is regarded as the catalyst for the Anthropocene by Crutzen and Stoermer?

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The Great Depression

The sexual revolution of the 60's

The American Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

Clear selection

How is Posthumanism different from Transhumanism?

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Posthumanism has a focus on the deconstruction of the human, whereas Transhumanism focuses on advancement and enhancement.

Transhumanism views the posthuman from a futuristic frame, whereas posthumanism views the human in an open frame with consideration of past, present, and future.

Transhumanism provides that we are not posthuman yet, whereas Posthumanism provides that we can already be posthuman.

All of the above.

Clear selection

According to Transhumanism, we are not posthuman yet.

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True

False

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Posthumanism is a single school of thought.

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True, it is a philosophical movement separate from other ideas.

False, there are many types of Posthumanisms within itself.

Clear selection

What best defines Democratic Transhumanism?

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Equal access to human enhancement in order to promote social equality.

Optimism, progress, self-transformation and transnational citizenship.

Free market as the best guarantor of the right to human enhancement.

Clear selection

It can be argued that human identity tout court has formed, historically and theoretically through the construction of the 'Other.' In the context of the article "The Body" (F. Ferrando) where it is cited from, this quote means that:

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Inequality and discrimination have constantly characterized the history of the human species; the construction of the 'Other' in the formation of human identity is the only exception to an otherwise hierarchal system.

The dualistic construction of identity based on the notion of the 'Other' has created a history of inequality and discrimination that cannot be ignored: the posthuman shall thus shift towards post-dualistic practices.

The notion of the 'Other' is necessary to the construction of identity, as history clearly demonstrates. The problem is dualism per se, as demonstrated by the non-dualistic approach of Taoism.

Clear selection

The following philosophical movement is characterized by a belief in the potential for human enhancement through scientific and technological means:

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Posthumanism

Darwinism

Transhumanism

Clear selection

Posthumanism...

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refers to the hypothetical scenario of AI take over. It is simply a synonym of "Futurism".

can be defined as an ultra-humanism, that is, a movement which is in favor of human enhancement. It is a synonym of Transhumanism.

can be defined as a post-humanism, post-anthropocentrism and post-dualism. It is not a synonym of Transhumanism.

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