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By Dr Tamer Soliman
20 MCQ

1- Which one of the Westgard multi-rules for quality control is considered a warning rule? *

1 point

d. Rule R4s

a. Rule 13s

b. Rule 12s

c. Rule 22s

2- Which of these is not considered as a pre-analytic interfering factor?

1 point

d. Vacutainer additives

c. Paraproteins

b. Biotin therapy

a. Tobacco Smoking

3- Interference of lipemic sample include all of the following except *

1 point

d. Binding to assay component

c. Interference of electrophoretic and chromatographic methods

a. Interference of Light scattering

b. Interference of Light absorption

4- Which is not a part of process improvement *

1 point

d. PDCA cycle

c. Quality indicators

b. Sex sigma

a. Quality Manual

5- In most circumstances, when two controls within a run are both greater than±2s from the mean, what action should be taken first? *

1 point

b. Repeat the controls before taking any corrective action

d. Prepare fresh standards and recalibrate

a. Recalibrate, then repeat controls followed by selected patient samples if quality control is acceptable

c. Change the reagent lot, then recalibrate

6- The term R 4S means that: *

1 point

b. Two controls in the same run are greater than 4s units apart

a. Four consecutive controls are greater than ±1 standard deviation from the mean

d. There is a shift above the mean for four consecutive controls

c. Two consecutive controls in the same run are each greater than ±4s from the mean

7- Prolonged use of the tourniquet can lead to increases in which analyte? *

1 point

a. Calcium

b. Digoxin

d. Triglycerides

c. Phosphate

8- Which of the following is an ISO standard that applies to the clinical laboratory? *

1 point

b. ISO 7000

c. ISO 15189

a. ISO 9000

d. ISO 15436

9- A trend is: *

1 point

b. An abrupt move in which 6 or more consecutive data points all fall above or below the mean.

a. A point that lies outside the range of acceptability

d. None of the above

c. A gradual movement in one direction by a set of 6 or more consecutive data points.

10- The first tube in the standardized order of blood draw is: *

1 point

b. EDTA Tube

d. Glycolytic inhibitor tube

c. Blood culture tube

a. Citrated coagulation tube

11- Proportional error is characterized by which of the following? *

1 point

a. The magnitude of the error increases as the concentration of analyte increases

c. The magnitude of the error is inversely proportional to concentration

d. The magnitude of the error decreases as the concentration of analyte increases

b. The magnitude of the error stays the same over a wide concentration range

12- Which of the following statements defines a 2 2S quality-control rule violation? *

1 point

c. Four consecutive control values exceed ±2s

b. Two nonconsecutive control values exceed ±2s

a. Two consecutive control values exceed ±2s

d. Two control values exceed ±4s

13- Which of the following statements best defines the term accuracy? *

1 point

d. Laboratory results that do not agree

a. A test ability to produce the same value for a replicate measure of the same sample

b. A test ability to correlate to another method

c. The closeness of the agreement between the measured value of an analyte and its true value

14- Linear regression is useful for identifying which of the following? *

1 point

b. Quality-control failures

a. Systematic proportional errors

d. Cutoff values that maximize both sensitivity and specificity

c. Variation among three or more methods

15- Which one of the following is not considered a cause of analytical systematic error: *

1 point

b. Deteriorating light source

c. Incorrect reconstitution of control material

a. Unstable incubator chambers

d. Change of reagent lot

16- What is the primary purpose of QC (statistical process control)? *

1 point

c. To establish the uncertainty in a laboratory result

d. To ensure that regulatory requirements are met

b. To verify that a method is performing as expected for its stable operating condition

a. To determine that a method is adequate for clinical requirements

17- Of which of the following wavelength where bilirubin interference is markedly observed in *

1 point

d. 650 nm

b. 450 nm

c. 550 nm

a. 350 nm

18- An outlier is: *

1 point

d. None of the above

b. An abrupt move in which 6 or more consecutive data points all fall above or below the mean

c. A gradual movement in one direction by a set of 6 or more consecutive data points

a. A point that lies outside the range of acceptability

19- In case of out-of-control investigations, it’s recommended to check _________firstly: *

1 point

c. The calibrator

d. The control

b. The reagents

a. The anlayzer

20- Analytic sensitivity is:

1 point

b. An estimate of a systematic measurement error

a. The ability of a method to detect small quantities of an analyte concentration

c. The ability of a method to detect only the analyte it is designed to determine

d. The closeness of agreement between repeated result values

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