Ohm's Law for Neurodiagnostics

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Ohm's Law applies to every part of your patient-electrode set-up. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between Electrical Voltage (V), Current (I), and Impedance (Z).

Ohm's Law and the Components of Impedance

Ohm's Law defines the relationship between electrical Voltage (V), Current (I) and Impedance (Z).

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False

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How many Components of Impedance are there?

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it varies

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Current (I)

1mA (milliamps) is the same as 1000µA (microamps).

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True

False

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Electrical Current is a measure of the flow of electrical charge in an electrical circuit.

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True

False

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In a given circuit, current will increase when applied voltage increases.

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True

False

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Current that is changing in amplitude or polarity is considered Steady State.

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True

False

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Current flow never occurs without a simultaneous voltage.

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True

False

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Voltage (V)

When opposite charges (positive and negative) are together (not separated), they are in a state of no potential energy.

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True

False

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Since Voltage is created when opposite charges (positive and negative) are separated, more charges in the separation means more voltage.

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True

False

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Similar electrical charges (either positive or negative) repel.

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True

False

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Opposite electrical charges repel.

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True

False

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Trying to push electrical charges together (toward each other) is difficult if they are the opposite charge polarity.

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True

False

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Electromotive force is created when opposite electrical charges (positive and negative) are held separate in a stationary position.

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True

False

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Voltage and Electromotive Force are names for the same thing.

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True

False

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Impedance (Z)

The Resistive Component of Impedance does not change with frequency of applied Voltage.

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True

False

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The Capacitive Component of Impedance does not change with frequency of applied Voltage.

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True

False

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The Inductive Component of Impedance does not change with frequency of applied Voltage.

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True

False

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The Capacitive Component of Impedance decreases (allows greater current flow) with increases in frequency of applied Voltage.

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True

False

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The Inductive Component of Impedance decreases (allows greater current flow) with increases in frequency of applied Voltage.

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True

False

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Air has infinite impedance to current flow.

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True

False

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Impedance and Resistance both use Ohms (Ω) as the unit of measure.

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True

False

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Impedance and Resistance both mean the same thing.

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True

False

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Electromagnetic Induction

Voltage is created when the magnetic flux lines of the magnet move through the wire coil via inductance of the wire.

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True

False

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Ohm's Law Equations in all forms

Using Ohm's Law, to determine Current, we divide Impedance by Voltage.

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True

False

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An electrical circuit has 25V of Voltage and 3.2kΩ of Impedance. Determine Current.

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80mA

7.8mA

80mV

7.8125mA

I currently do not know!

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If we have a Current of 5.1mA and know that our Impedance is 6.2KΩ, what Voltage did we apply?

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0.82V

820mV

32V

32mV

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If we know that applied Voltage is 41Volts, and Current is 6.1mA, what is the circuit Impedance?

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6.7kΩ

670Ω

250Ω

I was impeded from answering this question

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Current is always equal to Voltage divided by circuit Impedance.

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True

False

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Using Ohm's Law to solve for Impedance, we always need to divide Voltage by Current?

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True

False

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Battery (Steady State) with nice, heavy Au wire

In this circuit, negatively charged electrons flow away from the positively charged pole (side) of the battery and toward the negatively charged pole of the battery.

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True

False

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The Current will flow at this level as long as the engine inside of the battery can maintain the positive and negative poles at this charge level.

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True

False

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The Current flow in this circuit represents kinetic energy that was converted from the potential energy of the Voltage on the battery.

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True

False

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The level of Current flow is linearly related to the level of Voltage in this circuit.

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True

False

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Resistance with Medium frequency Voltage Source

The Resistor in this circuit opposes any change in the rate of Current flow by building an opposition Voltage only when the rate of change of Current flow changes.

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True

False

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The Resistive Component of Impedance treats all frequencies of supply Voltage with the exact same value of resistance to Current flow.

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True

False

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Resistance with Zero frequency (Steady State) Voltage Source

The Resistor in this circuit tends to store charge from the Voltage source.

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True

False

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The Voltage source in this circuit is Steady State (not changing in amplitude or polarity with time). If the Voltage source changes to a Non-Steady State, the amount of Resistance to Current flow that the Resistor presents will remain the same.

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True

False

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Capacitance with Zero frequency (Steady State) Voltage Source

When a DC Voltage source such as a battery is applied to a circuit with Capacitance, there will be a current flow until the Capacitance charges up to the same Voltage as the DC Voltage source, at which point, there will be no more Current in the circuit because the Capacitor is fully charged.

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True

False

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Capacitance with Medium frequency Voltage Source

The Voltage that is building on the Capacitor here is more than the Voltage that would build on the Capacitor if the Voltage source was a battery (Steady State).

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True

False

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To allow more Current to flow through the Capacitive Component of Impedance, we would need to increase the frequency of the applied Non-Steady State Voltage.

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True

False

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To increase the amount of Voltage that builds on the Capacitive Component of Impedance, we would need to decrease the frequency of the Voltage source.

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True

False

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Inductance with Zero frequency (Steady State) Voltage Source

When the wire is closed and the Current stabilizes to Steady State, what Voltage will establish on the Inductor?

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The full Voltage of the battery

Intermittent harmonics of Voltage bursts

No Voltage will estabilish on the Inductor to oppose the Steady State Current

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This Inductor does not oppose the Steady State Current flow. It does not induce an opposing Voltage to limit the Steady State Current.

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True

False

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Inductance with Medium frequency Voltage Source

Having this medium frequency Non-Steady State supply Voltage will tend to establish a smaller Voltage on the Inductor than if the supply Voltage was a Steady State battery.

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True

False

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The Voltage that builds on the Inductor in this circuit serves to oppose the rate of change of Current flow in the circuit.

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True

False

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Inductors tend to allow or pass low frequency currents and block higher frequency currents by inducing a voltage that opposes the supply voltage which created the current.

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True

False

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Circuit including all three Components of Impedance - Steady State (battery)

In this circuit, the voltage from the battery would charge the inductor. The inductor would then block any more current flow.

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True

False

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Identify the components

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Capacitor

Inductor

Resistor

Voltage Source (Battery)

Direction of negative charge flow

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Circuit including all three Components of Impedance - Non Steady State

If the supply voltage frequency decreases toward a slower frequency (such as near steady-state) would the voltage that built on the capacitor decrease or increase?

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Increase

Decrease

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With this medium frequency supply voltage, would we expect some voltage to be building on the inductor?

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Yes

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Since there is current flowing in this circuit, would we expect some voltage to be building on the resistor?

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Yes

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Physiologic Signals going down the Highways!

Which of the physiologic signals would be most attenuated traveling down the Capacitive Component of Impedance highway?

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Delta

Theta

Alpha

Beta

EMG

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Which of the physiologic signals would be most attenuated traveling down the Inductive Component of Impedance highway?

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Delta

Theta

Alpha

Beta

EMG

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Both the Capacitive and Inductive Components of Impedance treat signals differently depending on signal frequency.

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True

False

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The different frequency components of the EKG signal would be treated differently by the Capacitive and Inductive Components of Impedance.

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True

False

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The Inductive Component of Impedance would tend to attenuate the low frequency components of the EKG while passing the high frequency components.

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True

False

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The Resistive Component of Impedance would treat all of these physiologic signals the same without regard for signal frequency.

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True

False

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