Biotechnology & Nature of Science

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SC.912.L.16.10 Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues.
SC.912.N.1.1 Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science, and do the following:

Pose questions about the natural world,
Articulate the purpose of the investigation and identify the relevant scientific concepts.
Examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known,
Review what is known in light of empirical evidence, (Examine whether available empirical evidence can be interpreted in terms of existing knowledge and models, and if not, modify or develop new models).
Plan investigations, (Design and evaluate a scientific investigation).
Use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (this includes the use of measurement in metric and other systems, and also the generation and interpretation of graphical representations of data, including data tables and graphs), (Collect data or evidence in an organized way. Properly use instruments, equipment, and materials (e.g., scales, probeware, meter sticks, microscopes, computers) including set-up, calibration, technique, maintenance, and storage).
Pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events,
Generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences),
Use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others,
Communicate results of scientific investigations, and
Evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others.

SC.912.N.1.3 Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, and the active consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented.
SC.912.N.1.4 Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific investigation.
SC.912.N.1.6 Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied.
SC.912.N.2.1 Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science).
SC.912.N.2.2 Identify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, such as art, philosophy, and religion.
SC.912.N.3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a substantial range of phenomena; thus, a scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer.
SC.912.N.3.4 Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well supported explanations and laws are well supported descriptions.

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1. Genetic screening is a procedure where a person's DNA is analyzed to identify a genetic predisposition to lethal diseases. One advantage of genetic screening is that it allows doctors to prevent and treat diseases before patients have symptoms. Which of the following is a disadvantage of genetic screening?

5 points

A. Genetic screening results could be used to determine inheritance patterns in families.

B. The likelihood of a child contracting an inheritable disease could be predicted by genetic screening.

C. A doctor could combine a patient's current symptoms with genetic screening results to diagnose and treat the patient.

D. Insurance companies could drop a patient's medical coverage based on potential medical issues projected by genetic screening.

Clear selection

2. Animal pharming is becoming more popular as the demand for human proteins and vaccines continues to grow. Animal pharming is the process of using transgenic animals to produce human drugs such as insulin and human growth hormone. Transgenic animals are animals which have been genetically transformed by splicing and inserting foreign genes into their chromosomes. If successful, the inserted gene can enable an animal to make certain proteins in its milk, blood, sperm, or eggs. Which of the following is NOT true about transgenic animals?

5 points

A. Transgene DNA may insert itself into the genome in a way that disrupts the animal's normal gene function.

B. Transgenic animals cannot pass their ability to produce the desired drug to its offspring.

C. Transgenic animals can produce the desired drug at high levels without endangering its own health.

D. Transgenic animals can be easily tested for the new gene.

Clear selection

3. In October of 1990, the US Department of Energy's Office of Science and the US National Institute of Health began the process of mapping the human genome. This process was referred to as The Human Genome Project and was intended to identify the 20,000 — 25,000 genes of the human genome. A working draft of the genome was announced in 2000 and a complete one in 2003. Which of the following describes the main benefit of completing The Human Genome Project?

5 points

A. Cloning humans

B. Designing new human genes

C. Patenting specific human genes

D. Identifying genetically-based diseases

Clear selection

4. Genetic engineering has both positive and negative outcomes. One of the most common areas where genetic engineering is used is in agriculture. If farmers plant more genetically modified crops, which of the following negative outcomes could occur?

5 points

A. An increase in the use of pesticides

B. A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops

C. An increase in the contamination of the water supply

D. A decrease in crop productivity

Clear selection

5. Rice, the most popular food crop in the world, can be successfully grown only in certain places. If trends in climate change continue, the areas in which rice currently grows will be significantly reduced. Which of the following is the best way that biotechnology can keep the harvest of rice from decreasing?

5 points

A. Identifying new areas with soil fertile enough for rice production.

B. Developing clean energy sources to reduce carbon dioxide production worldwide.

C. Seeing clouds with dry ice to produce more rainfall where it is needed.

D. Genetically engineering rice crops that are tolerant to change in the environment.

Clear selection

6. A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph?

5 points

A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.

B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.

C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.

D. Infection in creek-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

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7. An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes?

5 points

A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes

Clear selection

8. A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained. Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?

5 points

A. Solution A

B. Solution B

C. Solution C

D. Solution D

Clear selection

8. A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

5 points

A. Solution A, B & C.

B. Solution D only

C. The eggs

D. Mass

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9. Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person's pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person's pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen's experiment?

5 points

A. a question

B. a hypothesis

C. a control group

D. a description of the experiment

Clear selection

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