Eugene Garfield (1925-2017) was an American information scientist and entrepreneur who revolutionised scientific communication by founding the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1960 and creating the Science Citation Index, the precursor to today's Web of Science. He pioneered the concept of citation indexing and developed the journal impact factor, fundamentally transforming how scientific literature is evaluated and accessed. Garfield earned a PhD in Structural Linguistics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1961 and established numerous influential bibliographic tools, including Current Contents and Journal Citation Reports. His visionary work on citation  analysis anticipated modern information retrieval algorithms like Google's PageRank by three decades, earning him recognition as "the grandfather of Google". Garfield's innovations laid the foundation for modern scientometrics and bibliometrics, making him one of the most influential figures in 20th-century information science