LUCA CFU

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LUCA CFU

Answer the questions below to the best of your ability.

What does LUCA stand for? *

1 point

Which is correct about LUCA? (pick all that apply) *

1 point

LUCA was eukaryotic

LUCA was unicellular

All life that has ever existed can trace their ancestry back to LUCA

LUCA was the first living cell to form.

LUCA had DNA

LUCA was photosynthetic

LUCA was prokaryotic

All living things today can trace their ancestry back to LUCA

Required

We can determine what genes LUCA most likely had by comparing genes between which two domains? *

1 point

Bacteria & Eukaryotes

Archaea & Eukaryotes

Archaea & Bacteria

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Why do scientists think LUCA originated around hydrothermal vents? (Pick all that apply) *

1 point

LUCA had genes that show it was an obligate anaerobe

LUCA had genes that give extra protection to its DNA

LUCA had genes that show it could live in extreme temperatures

LUCA had genes that allowed it to get energy from hydrogen gas

LUCA had genes that show it could do photosynthesis

LUCA had genes that show it was a heterotroph

Required

Which picture shows a hydrothermal vent? *

1 point

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

What creates hydrothermal vents?

1 point

Chemical evidence for early life is often found in? *

1 point

Rocks

Plants

Fossils

The ocean

Carbon isotopes are used to determine chemical evidence for early life. If some rocky material was once thought to contain remnants of early life, what isotope of Carbon should be the most abundant? *

1 point

Carbon 13

Carbon 14

Carbon 12

Biological Markers are often _________ because they preserve so well. *

1 point

Proteins

Sugars

Simple Organic Monomers

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Stromatolites are structures formed by: *

1 point

Lipid molecules

photosynthetic bacteria

LUCA

hydrothermal vents

Molecular Clocks are pieces of genetic evidence that tell us LUCA most likely lived from _______ to ________ years ago. *

1 point

4 billion to 3.8 billion

4.5 billion to 3.9 billion

1 billion to 500 million

4.8 billion to 3.8 billion

A "molecular clock" is used to compare genetic material of different species. The number of differences in the genomes of two species is proportional to the time since they diverged from a common ancestor. Which statement is correct? *

1 point

The fewer the differences between species, the longer the time since they evolved from a common ancestor

The greater the differences between species, the longer the time since they evolved from a common ancestor

The greater the differences between species, the shorter the time since they evolved from a common ancestor

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