Práctica de inglés bachillerato
01C-21
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Home health aides and personal care aides
Items 36 -40
Home health aides and personal care aides help people with disabilities, chronic illnesses, or cognitive impairments by assisting them with their daily life activities. They often help older adults who need assistance. In some states, home health aides may be able to give a client medication or check the client's vital signs under the direction of a nurse or another healthcare practitioner.

Home health aides and personal care aides work in a variety of setting, including a client's home, group homes, and day service programs. People working as home health aides and personal care aides typically need a high school diploma or equivalent, through some positions do not require it. Those working in certified home health or hospice agencies must complete formal training and pass a standardized test.

Employment of home health aides and personal care aides is projected to grow 41 percent from 2016 to 2026, much faster than the average for all occupations. As the baby boomers age, the elderly population grows, the demand for the services of home health aides and personal care aides will continue to increase.
36-What do personal care aides typically do?  They *
1 point
37-Where do personal care aides work? At *
1 point
38-How do people become personal care aides? They need ________                                 firstly. *
1 point
39-Why will the employment of personal care aides grow? Because of *
1 point
40- Which is an advantage of the occupation described in the text? It will *
1 point
Important aspects in Costa Rican Elections
Items 41-45
Costa Rican elections are held every four years. During the elections, voters choose the new president and congressional representatives. Some positive aspects with the way the Costa Rican electoral authorities design the process are the following:

1. The day of voting: elections are always held on sunday. Most people do not work on that day. So people do not have to coordinate their work schedule, and stand in long lines after the working day.

2-Automatic registration: people are automatically registered to vote. All voters just need to present their ID card. Each citizen obtains it when turning 18 years old.

3. New parties have a place on the ballot: in some countries with only two major political parties, voters don't really have many choices. However, in Costa Rica minority parties have the possibility to present their programs and names, and become part of the electoral system.

4-Second round voting: to win the presidency, a candidate needs to get over 40% of the votes in the first round. If nobody  of the candidates reached more than 40% of the total valid votes, the  two top candidates will face a second round of voting.

41-During the elections, Costa Ricans choose________________ *
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42-An advantage for Costa Ricans when voting is that *
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43-In order to vote, citizens need to_____________________in Costa Rica. *
1 point
44-Costa Rica differs from other countries because *
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45-A second round of voting occurs when the candidates_________votes. *
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Benefits when living in Costa Rica
Items 46-50
Retiring in Costa Rica secure many benefits and ways of life. One good thing about retirement in Costa Rica is the quality and affordability of domestic services. Maids, cooks, gardeners, childcare workers or property caretakers are cheap.  For example, a maid mops floors, washes windows and dust. She also cleans bathrooms and kitchen all about five hours, all that for an small salary with regard United States. They are also well educated, polite and hardworking. For many disabled or physically challenged retirees, a reliable, honest and hard-working maid is a must.
Other  benefits when living in Costa Rica are related to comprehensive health insurance through the social security system (CCSS) which provides health care as well as a pension. Moreover, all costaricans workers and even immigrants are covered by labor laws. They are also protected by compensation programs offered by the National Insurance Institute (INS) to cover injuries on the job. Vacation pay, paid holidays and sick pay, severance pay, maternity leave and Christmas bonuses (the equivalent of a month's salary) are all protected by the law, as well as the minimum wage.
46-For those expats living in Costa Rica, it is *
1 point
47-A maid is always capable of *
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48-Domestic workers *
1 point
49-The insurance program for workers *
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50-The Costa Rican Labor Law covers *
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The impact of technology
Items 51-56
Technology has positive and negative effects on people of different ages and fields. For example, it can be used at home (as a tool for household chores), in the educational field (finding a huge amount of information to do school work), for entertainment (watching videos, listening to music, chatting, playing games which develop competition) among others.

However, there are some negative effects of technology. For instance, some students may become addicted to video games and not worry about their studies and school performance. There are also health problems such as back pain and weak eyesight due to the high use of technology. In addition, obesity is becoming a big problem especially in the little children because they prefer connecting with them by text messaging or chatting, more than meeting with them face to face. This behavior may affect their social relationships to a high degree.

Writing skills in children are also being affected because many children do not care about spelling, punctuation and grammar as in the past. Its main consequence, therefore, is poor writing. Finally, children are using internet without adult or parental controls. This lack of supervision sometimes means that children are using it in an inappropriate way. A possible solution might be limiting and controlling access to technology in a child's life.

51-Technology is a valuable tool for______________________to do school work. *
1 point
52-Technology is usually a___________in people's lives. *
1 point
53- A positive aspect of technology on children is to *
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54-One negative fact about technology on children refers to *
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55-Technology affects social relationships because people *
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56-With the use of technology, *
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What can tolerance do for a nation?
Items 57-61
Tolerance is not simply an attitude, write Abdur Rafay Usmani, but an essential element for peace, unity an economic well-being of a nation or society. The meaning of tolerance is acceptance and understanding. Globalization has made it easier for different communities to connect, meet and interact with each other. Today the world enjoys greater levels of tolerance and diversity, thanks to the selfless efforts of our ancestors and the advent of the internet.

Instances of intolerance and prejudice still occur and in some parts are out of control. Exhibiting tolerance can go a long way for a nation and bring benefits to it in more ways.

Where everyone is treated equally and given equal opportunities, they are able to utilize their talents and resources effectively to improve their living standard. This results in a bigger middle class and reduction in poverty. In countries where certain groups are discriminated, they are not only less able to contribute to the economy, but this also leads to the build-up of ghettos and vulnerable communities.


57- As abdur Rafay Usmani says, tolerance is *
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58- Tolerance is becoming greater due to *
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59- Today in the world,_________are uncontrolled. *
1 point
60-Equal treatment leads to *
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61-Discrimination in the world can provoke *
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Gender and health
Items 62-66
Equity gender requires people to ensure that health policy, programs, services and delivery models are receptive to the needs of women, men, girls and boys with diversity. Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles and relationships between groups of women and men. It varies from society to society and can be changed. People are taught appropriate norms and behaviors -including how they should interact with others of the same or opposite sex within households, communities and workplaces.

When individuals or groups do not "fit" established gender norms they often face stigma, discriminatory practices or social exclusion -all of which adversely affect health. it is important to be sensitive to different identities that do not necessarily fit into binary male or female sex categories. Gender norms, roles and relations influence people's susceptibility to different health conditions and diseases and affect their enjoyment of good mental, physical health and wellbeing. They also have a bearing on people's access to and uptake of health services and on the health outcomes they experience throughout the course of their life.
62-What does society need to ensure about equity of gender? *
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63- How is gender perceived?  It is perceived as *
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64- What is the most important aspect about gender knowledge?  It involves *
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65- What can people face when no fitting into society's gender norms? *
1 point
66-How can gender norms and roles influence people negatively? By *
1 point
Facebook
Items 67-70
Facebook is an online social networking service headquartered in California. It was founded in 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. Facebook now allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old worldwide to become a registered user of the website.

Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. For example, users can stay in touch continuously. It also unites people with common interest through groups, and it has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. One of the most used items in Facebook is the "like hand button" which allows users to express their appreciation of content such as status updates, comments, photos and advertisements.

However, some people argue that Facebook has increased antisocial tendencies because people are not directly communicating with each other. Some studies have named Facebook as a source of problems in relationships because some couples are moving towards infidelity and divorce.
67-A regulation to become a Facebook user is to *
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68-It is a fact that Facebook *
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69-An advantage that Facebook deals with is *
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70- The "like" button permits users to_______in Facebook. *
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