Nagarjuna was a pivotal Buddhist monk and philosopher who lived in India between 150-250 CE, often referred to as the "second Buddha" in Mahayana tradition. Born into a Brahmin family, he became a renowned scholar at Nalanda Monastic University and is celebrated as the founder of the Madhyamaka (Middle Way) school of Buddhist philosophy. His most significant contribution was developing the concept of
sunyata (emptiness), which argues that phenomena lack inherent existence and are interconnected. Nagarjuna's groundbreaking philosophical work, particularly his text "Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way," challenged existing metaphysical assumptions by demonstrating that things have no fixed nature, and it is precisely this lack of essence that allows for transformation and change. His teachings profoundly influenced Buddhist thought across India, Tibet, China, and Japan, establishing him as one of the most important Buddhist philosophers in history.
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