VIRAL INFECTIONS
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1. A histological investigation of an autopsy material revealed a wide zone of proliferating microglia cells around small vessels in brain. In addition, the marked proliferation of endothelium, adventitia and pericytes is determined in the skin vessels. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with few neutrophiles was also found. The vessels walls underwent various signs of destruction. Name the causative organism of described infection disease? *
2. A child with a history of acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, conjunctivas and macular papular skin rash, died of pulmonary insufficiency. A histological investigation revealed an interstitial pneumonia with focal serous inflammation with the admixture of giant cells within alveolar walls. What is the most likely diagnosis? *
3. A patient presented to his physician with severe immunodeficiency, lymphopenia with change of ratio between T-helpers and T- suppressors, the lesion in the skin of lower extremities. The cutaneous pathology was characterized by plural tumorous nodules, dome-shaped purple plaques with ulceration. A histological investigation of the skin biopsy showed the neoplasm of blood vessels, a dilatation of capillaries, slit-like blood-filled vascular spaces. What is the most likely diagnosis? *
4. A 48-year-old male presented with fever, severe headache, dyspnea, palpitation. A physical investigation revealed a pediculosis, a rash in the form of roseolas and small hemorrhages (petechias) on his thorax skin. In addition, gangrene was also determined in legs. He died of heart failure. A histological study showed hyperemia, stasis, perivascular plasmocytes infiltrates and proliferation of microglia (Popov's granuloma) in the medullar oblongata. What is the most likely diagnosis? *
5. A 44-year-old man died of pulmonary insufficiency and severe intoxication. An autopsy e revealed a motley pattern with plural focal hemorrhages and the zones of emphysema in lungs. Histological study showed a hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia with abscesses. Cytoplasm of bronchial epithelium had eosinophilic and basophilic inclusions. What is the most likely diagnosis? *
6. An epidemiologic study is conducted with children ages 1 to 5 years who are infected with HIV-1. Most of these children have CD4+ lymphocyte counts above 500/mm3 and undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. On physical examination they have no abnormal findings. What is the most likely mode of transmission by which these children get infected? *
7. A 6-year-old girl has a blotchy, reddish-brown rash on her face, trunk, and proximal extremities that developed over the course of 3 days. On physical examination, she has 0.2-cm to 0.5-cm ulcerated lesions on the oral cavity mucosa and generalized tender lymphadenopathy. A cough with minimal sputum production becomes progressively worse over the next 3 days. Which of the following viruses is most likely to produce these findings? *
8. An 8-year-old girl has developed a mild febrile illness with a sore throat over the past 2 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.4° C, and she has a mild pharyngitis. The girl’s symptoms subside in 1 week without therapy. Over the next 2 months, she has increasing right-sided facial drooping with inability to close the right eye. Which of the following infectious organisms is most likely to produce these findings? *
9. A 6-year-old boy developed a rash over his chest that began as 0.5-cm reddish macules. Within 2 days, the macules became vesicles. Three days later, the vesicles ruptured and crusted over. Over the next 2 weeks, crops of the lesions spread to the face and extremities. Which of the following clinical manifestations of this infection is most likely to appear decades later? *
10. A 31-year-old HIV-positive man has had increasing respiratory difficulty for the past 2 days. On physical examination, crackles are auscultated over all lung fields. A chest radiograph shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Laboratory studies show 26,800 copies of HIV-1 RNA/mL. A transbronchial biopsy is performed; the microscopic appearance of the specimen is shown in the figure. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism of his pulmonary disease? *
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