knowledge of dental researchers about Helsinki ethical principles from different Universities in Egypt
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Part I. Demographic characteristics
1. Gender *
2.  Number of experience years since graduation *
3. Nationality *
4. Last Qualification *
5. Job Title *
6. Place of Work *
Part II. Knowledge Regarding Helsinki ethical principles
Multiple responses are accepted (You can choose more than one answer option)
1. Is there a research ethical committee in your institution? *
2. Do you think the presence of Ethics Committee is  essential? *
3. Which of the following best match the main functions of the research ethics committee? *
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4. If you need to know medical research ethics on human subjects, which guidelines do you prefer best? *
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5. What is the most important purpose for using ethical principles in medical research? *
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6. What is the primary purpose of medical research involving human subjects? *
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7. Research involving human subjects should be continually carried out to investigate *
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8. Protection of research subjects' safety, rights and confidentiality is the responsibility of: *
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9. The rules that govern the relationship between physicians and subjects involved in a research should arise from? *
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10. Medical research involving human subjects, should be carried out only: *
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11. Vulnerable groups can demonstrate additional harms than normal subjects, so research on this group: *
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12. Informed consents taken from participating subjects in human research should be *
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13. Physically, mentally disabled and unconscious patients may be involved in a research under which condition of the following? *
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14. In case of physically, mentally disabled and unconscious patients. If there are no legally authorized persons or the research cannot be delayed, no informed consent is required, and the study can proceed by taking permission from *
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15. Which item of the following should be included in research protocol? *
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16. In some exceptional cases like using identifiable human materials or data as in biobank data. The research can proceed without taking patient consent and depends only on ethical committee approval *
17. Physicians can combine medical research with medical care by involving their patients in research studies *
18. Medical research involves human subjects must be preceded by laboratory and animal experimentation, as well as the welfare of animals used in research must be respected. *
19. Medical research involving human subjects must be preceded by comprehensive and full detailed research protocol including a clearly described research design, as well as patient confidentially and privacy should be kept. *
20. In clinical trials, protocol must describe appropriate arrangements for post-trial provisions *
21. Non-written consents should be documented and witnessed *
22. In some cases, family members or community leaders can give the consent instead of the patient *
23. Informed consents cannot be taken from participants having relationship with physicians or from subjects unable to give it *
24. Before any clinical trial, researchers should make provisions for post-trial access for all participants who still need an intervention identified as beneficial in the trial. *
25. Every research study involving human subjects must be registered in a publicly accessible database at any time during the trial. *
26. When proven interventions do not exist, the physician, after taking informed consent from the patient may use an unproven intervention, if it offers hope of saving life, re-establishing health or alleviating suffering. *
27. The benefits, risks, burdens and effectiveness of a new intervention must be tested against those of the best proven intervention; however, placebo can be used in which of the following conditions? *
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28. When the risks of an intervention are found to outweigh the potential benefits or when there is conclusive proof of definitive outcomes, physicians must assess whether to continue, modify or immediately stop the study. *
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