Students gain basic knowledge about the conditions of crystallization of alloys, factors affecting crystallization (size of the critical nucleus, degree of supercooling, rate of nucleation of crystallization centers and crystal growth rate), features of the nucleation of homogeneous and heterogeneous phases. Determine the role of diffusion on phase transformation processes. Determine the influence of dislocation structure and dispersed inclusions on the features of phase transformations. Determine the structure of the ingot and weld and characteristic zones.