Cyanobacterium blooms and associated poisoning

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AC.1596.16

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1. The cyanobacterium most commonly associated with poisoning globally is: *

1 point

Aphanizomenon spp.

Microcystis aeruginosa

Plankthothrix (Oscillatoria) spp

Anaebaenia spp.

Nodularia spp.

2. The recognised hepatotoxic cyanotoxins are: *

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Anatoxins and microcystins

Anatoxins and lyngbyatoxins

Cylindrospermopsin and aplysiatoxin

Nodularin, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin

Only the nodularins

3. Microcystins are: *

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Phosphate inhibitors.

Only protein bound toxins

Not regulated by the Mcy genes

Are all toxic

Very unstable

4. Algal blooms in water bodies are favoured by: *

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Low phosphorous content

Low antrophogenic nutrient loads

High phosphorous content

Deep water levels

Uniform water columns

5. Algal blooms may give drinking water a bad taste due to: *

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Liberation of geosmin

Liberation of 2 methylisoborneol (MIB)

Inhibition of acetylcholienesterase

Its nicotinic affects

Both A and B

6. Cyanotoxin release may be favoured by: *

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Water purification processes

Pump suction

Boat propellers

Copper sulphate

All of the above

7. Cyanotoxin are known to be: *

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Mostly intracellular toxins

Mostly extracellular toxins

Insoluble in water

Short lived in water

Easily removed from water sources

8. Microcystin is delivered to hepatocytes by: *

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Serine/threonine phosphatase

OATP membrane transporters

Cytoskeletal proteins

Actin microtubules

Hyperphosphorylation

9. Clinical signs due to anatoxin-a(s) may include: *

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Skin rash

Lameness

Tumour development

Increased salivation, urination and lacrimation

Liver cirrhosis

10. When monitoring water safety it is best to measure: *

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Pressure gradient in pipes

The extracellular MC

The intracellular MC

Turbulence in pipes

Water flow speed in pipes

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