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Fluid, Electrolyte Balance and pH Control - 20 MCQ Quiz
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and pH Control
20 MCQs | 20 Marks | 1 mark per question
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1. What is the major route of normal fluid intake in humans?
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Oral intake
Intravenous infusion
Transdermal absorption
Intramuscular injection
2. Which organ plays the major role in regulating body water balance through excretion?
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Liver
Kidney
Spleen
Pancreas
3. Which of the following can cause significant fluid loss leading to dehydration or shock?
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Gastroenteritis
Burns
Blood loss
All of the above
4. Severe loss of fluid from the intravascular compartment can result in:
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Hypovolemic shock
Hypertension
Hypervolemia
Polycythemia
5. In a patient with major acute blood loss, the most appropriate principle is to:
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Wait for severe shock before treatment
Restore circulating volume promptly and treat the cause
Give only oral water
Avoid blood products in all circumstances
6. Which blood component is primarily used to replace red cell mass in significant blood loss?
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Packed red blood cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma only
Cryoprecipitate only
7. In a patient with major thrombocytopenic bleeding, which blood component may be required?
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Platelets
Albumin only
Red cells only
Normal saline only
8. Which blood component is particularly useful for replacing multiple coagulation factors in appropriate bleeding patients?
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Fresh frozen plasma
Packed RBCs
Platelets only
Normal saline
9. The primary determinant of plasma osmolarity is the concentration of:
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Sodium and its accompanying anions
Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Platelets
10. Hyponatremia refers to:
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Decreased serum sodium concentration
Increased serum sodium concentration
Decreased serum potassium concentration
Increased serum calcium concentration
11. Hyponatremia may occur with prolonged use of:
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Certain diuretics
Iron supplements
Vitamin C
Antacids only
12. Severe or rapidly developing hyponatremia may produce which neurological manifestation?
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Disorientation and seizures
Improved consciousness
Isolated jaundice
Increased muscle strength
13. Addisonian crisis is associated with deficiency of:
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Adrenal cortical hormones
Thyroid hormones
Parathyroid hormone only
Insulin
14. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome classically involves:
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Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage associated with severe meningococcal infection
Bilateral renal infarction
Acute thyroid hemorrhage
Pancreatic necrosis
15. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome can result in:
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Acute adrenal insufficiency and shock
Hyperthyroidism
Isolated hypercalcemia
Chronic hypertension only
16. Accidental removal or damage of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery may cause:
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Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia only
Hypermagnesemia
17. Which clinical sign may occur in hypocalcemia due to increased neuromuscular excitability?
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Chvostek sign
Cullen sign
Murphy sign
Trousseau sign of DVT
18. Carpopedal spasm is most characteristically associated with:
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Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperalbuminemia
19. Acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) in stored blood can cause hypocalcemia because citrate:
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Chelates ionized calcium
Increases calcium absorption
Increases parathyroid hormone secretion directly
Destroys albumin
20. During massive blood transfusion, hypocalcemia may develop primarily because of:
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Citrate in transfused blood products binding ionized calcium
Excess vitamin D
Increased intestinal calcium absorption
Increased parathyroid hormone
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