Enzootic Abortion in Small Ruminants

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AC/2130/19
SMS code: a74310

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1. Flock abortion rates above which percentage is considered problematic? *

1 point

2-3%

5-6%

10%

15%

2. The international success rate for identifying the primary cause of abortions is approximately: *

1 point

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

3. The reason for the low success rate in making a definitive diagnosis in abortions is/are? *

1 point

The event responsible for the abortions occurred days/weeks /months earlier.

Usually no gross foetus lesions

Advanced foetal autolysis

Incorrect samples, particularly absence of placental tissue

All of the above

4. When is it essential for ewes be vaccinated against Chlamydia abortus? *

1 point

After the ewes have become infected

Only if a latent infection is present in the herd

4-6 weeks before the breeding season

Only after the ewes have been treated with a long acting Oxytetracycline

Once the ewes are pregnant

5. Which of the following statement(s) are true? *

1 point

Once an ewe has become infected with Chlamydia abortus she becomes immune though she will become a carrier of the disease.

Sporadic abortion is caused by Chlamydia abortus.

The chances to identify the cause of the abortions are significantly improved if a complete foetus or preferably foetuses with placental tissue is submitted to a laboratory

A & C

A & B

6. In South Africa the most common causes of abortion in sheep are? *

1 point

Chlamydia psittaci

Bluetongue, Coxiella and salmonellosis.

Chlamydia pecorum

Chlamydia abortus, Rift Valley fever, Wesselsbron disease, Brucellosis and Campylobacter spp.

Vaccination with C. abortus vaccine.

7. Pathology of the placenta is characterised by? *

1 point

Lack of gross pathology.

Necrosis of the cotyledon periphery.

Oedema and often haemorrhages of the inter – cotyledonary tissue.

A & B

B & C

8. Clinical signs are characterised by: *

1 point

An incidence of up to 70% of abortions which drops to 1-5% once the disease becomes endemic

Abortions and mummification of foetuses

Still births and weak lambs

All of the above

None of the above

9. Which one of the following statements is false? *

1 point

A high level of environmental contamination by infected ewes in lambing pens or fields is an important source of infection for other animals through ingestion and less commonly inhalation.

When non-pregnant sheep, including young lambs, become infected, they develop latency in the uterus

C. psittaci is a major cause of abortions in ruminant.

Growth of C. abortus directly damages the placenta and negatively affects the development of the foetus resulting in late abortions or the birth of weak infected lambs.

Organisms derived from infected birth fluids and placentas from recently or latently infected sheep are the main source of infection

10. Which of the following statements are true? *

1 point

Vaccination of sheep already infected with C. abortus will not prevent abortions but can reduce the incidence.

Aborted material and infected bedding must be removed and destroyed.

Buying in latently infected sheep is the principal initial source of infection.

None of the above

All of the above

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