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02.01.2026
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Q1Consider the following statements regarding the Quality Council of India (QCI) and its
institutional framework:
1. QCI functions as India’s national accreditation body and operates under the
administrative control of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade.
2. Accreditation of hospitals and healthcare providers by NABH is a statutory function
mandated under an Act of Parliament.
3. NABCB is responsible for accrediting certification bodies dealing with Quality
Management Systems and Food Safety Management Systems.
4. The governance structure of QCI ensures equal representation of government, industry,
and other stakeholders.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

2 points
Clear selection
Q2.Consider the following statements with reference to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
and Territorial Sea under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and recent
applications in maritime governance:
1. A coastal State enjoys complete sovereignty over living and non-living resources within
its EEZ, similar to its sovereignty in the territorial sea.
2. The coastal State can regulate marine scientific research and establish artificial islands
within its EEZ, but other States retain freedom of navigation and overflight in this zone.

3. If a coastal State does not have the capacity to harvest the entire allowable catch in its
EEZ, it may permit other States to exploit the surplus, subject to sustainability
considerations.
4. Responsibility for removal of marine hazards, including space debris falling into the sea,
may be determined on the basis of EEZ jurisdiction.
5. The right of innocent passage applies equally to ships and aircraft of foreign States
within the territorial sea.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
Q3.Minamitori Island (Marcus Island) is strategically significant for Japan not merely due to its
location but also because of the geological and resource characteristics of its surrounding
seabed. Consider the following statements:
1. Minamitori Island lies on the Pacific Plate and represents the emergent summit of a
seamount associated with the Marcus–Necker Ridge.
2. The rare-earth muds found around the island are primarily derived from hydrothermal
deposits directly linked to mid-ocean ridge volcanism.

3. The occurrence of rare-earth muds enhances Japan’s strategic mineral security,
especially for clean-energy technologies, despite extraction challenges due to their
pelagic and thin-layered nature.
4. Being Japan’s easternmost territory, the island’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
expansion is a key reason for intensified interest in deep-sea mineral exploration.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
 *
2 points
A satellite operator analyses two impact environments affecting spacecraft safety:
• Environment X consists of particles that are effectively uncountable, mostly of natural origin,
and strike spacecraft at velocities ranging from 11–72 km/s.
• Environment Y consists of objects confined largely to a 200–2,000 km altitude shell around
Earth, with average velocities near 10 km/s and predominantly anthropogenic origin.
Which of the following matrices correctly matches Environment X and Environment Y with their
most critical operational implications for satellites in Low Earth Orbit?
2 points
Clear selection
In the context of recent eruptive activity reported from Bezymianny Volcano and the broader
understanding of stratovolcanism, consider the following statements:
1. The 1956 eruption of Bezymianny Volcano represents a classic example of a lateral
blast followed by sustained dome growth, a behavior commonly associated with viscous
intermediate magmas.
2. The location of Bezymianny on the Kamchatka Peninsula is tectonically linked to a
convergent plate boundary system that forms part of the Ring of Fire.
3. Stratovolcanoes, including Bezymianny, are dominated by basaltic lava flows, which
explains their steep slopes and highly explosive nature.
4. The coexistence of lava domes, pyroclastic flows, and ash plumes at Bezymianny
reflects the alternating deposition of lava and fragmental material, giving stratovolcanoes
their composite character.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
Consider the following statements regarding Titan and the Cassini–Huygens mission:
1. Titan’s dense nitrogen-rich atmosphere and synchronous rotation make it uniquely
suitable for studying surface–atmosphere interactions in a moon–planet system.
2. The presence of stable liquid bodies on Titan is driven by water in liquid form, sustained
due to its relatively larger size compared to Earth’s Moon.
3. Cassini’s observations, combined with data from the Huygens probe, confirmed an
active methane-based hydrological cycle on Titan analogous in process, but not in
composition, to Earth’s water cycle.
4. Titan’s orbital period around Saturn is identical to its rotational period, a condition that
enabled Huygens to sample atmospheric and surface processes representative of a
single hemisphere.
5. Cassini was the first mission to land a probe on a planetary moon other than Earth’s
Moon and Mars.
Which of the above statements are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
Which of the following statements best explains the institutional logic and operational philosophy of the Tsunami Ready Recognition Programme?
2 points
Clear selection
The recent observations of T Chamaeleontis, a young Sun-like star with a wide gap in its
circumstellar disk, revealed the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in regions
normally shielded from stellar radiation. Which of the following statements best explains the
combined astrophysical and chemical significance of this finding?
2 points
Clear selection
With reference to Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary and the Asian Waterbird Census, consider the
following statements:
1. The sanctuary’s location within an estuarine-mangrove ecosystem enhances its
significance for the Census because such systems act as ecological interfaces
supporting both marine and freshwater avifauna.
2. The presence of genera such as Rhizophora and Avicennia indirectly influences
waterbird diversity by stabilising sediments and increasing trophic productivity.
3. The Census in India is conducted exclusively by state forest departments and focuses
only on coastal wetlands.
4. The breeding of Olive ridley turtles along the sanctuary’s coast is ecologically linked to
the same nutrient-rich coastal dynamics that sustain wintering migratory waterbirds.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
With reference to the Long-billed Vulture and Melghat Tiger Reserve, consider the following
statements:
1. The Long-billed Vulture belongs to the Old World vultures and primarily inhabits open
landscapes influenced by human settlements.
2. Melghat Tiger Reserve lies on the southern offshoot of the Satpura Range and forms
part of the Tapti river basin.
3. The critically endangered status of the Long-billed Vulture is ecologically linked to
landscapes dominated by tropical dry deciduous forests such as those found in Melghat
Tiger Reserve.
4. Rivers originating in Melghat ultimately drain into the Arabian Sea through the Tapti
River.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
A recent policy push to promote climate-resilient tea cultivation in Himalayan foothills has
renewed focus on the biological and agro-climatic characteristics of Camellia sinensis.
Consider the following statements in this context:
1. Tea grown on higher mountain slopes is preferred partly because sloping terrain reduces
calcium accumulation in soil, which otherwise adversely affects tea quality.
2. Green tea and white tea differ fundamentally in their oxidation level, but both require
climatic conditions identical to those needed for black tea cultivation.
3. Partial oxidation in oolong tea is achieved after withering but before full enzymatic
browning, making it sensitive to temperature deviations beyond the optimal growth range
of the tea plant.
4. Expansion of tea cultivation beyond subtropical Asia is limited more by rainfall
distribution than by photoperiod requirements.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
A conservation policy document links the spread of an invasive alien shrub in India with forest
degradation, decline of native understorey species, and livestock mortality, while also noting its
increasing use in furniture-making and organic compost production. Which of the following
conclusions can be MOST logically inferred from this information?
2 points
Clear selection
Consider the following pairs:
1. Autonomous scientific agent — Ability to design, execute, and refine experiments
without human intervention
2. Closed-loop experimentation — Continuous feedback between data acquisition and
decision-making during an experiment
3. Instrument-agnostic AI — AI system restricted to simulation-based laboratory
environments

4. High-resolution nanoscale imaging — Primary application domain of Atomic Force
Microscopy

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched in the context of AILA?
2 points
Clear selection
Consider the following statements regarding India’s Akash Next Generation (Akash-NG) air
defence system and related static concepts:
1. Akash-NG replaces the command guidance of the original Akash with an indigenous
active Radio Frequency seeker, reducing dependence on continuous ground-based
radar illumination.
2. The use of a dual-pulse solid rocket motor primarily enhances end-game
manoeuvrability and engagement probability against high-speed aerial targets.
3. Compared to the original Akash, the reduced missile weight of Akash-NG allows higher
target engagement altitude but necessitates a shorter engagement range.
4. The operational induction of Akash-NG aligns with India’s broader shift towards layered
air defence architecture similar to systems like S-400, where Akash-NG fills the medium-
range tier.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
Consider the following statements with reference to Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs) and
related strategic–technological concepts:
1. Unlike kinetic weapon systems, DEWs primarily rely on electromagnetic radiation,
making atmospheric conditions a critical operational constraint.
2. The effectiveness of laser-based DEWs against hypersonic glide vehicles is mainly
limited by target speed rather than beam dwell time.
3. DEWs are especially suited for counter-drone operations because their marginal cost
per shot is significantly lower than that of interceptor missiles.
4. Particle-beam DEWs face greater deployment challenges than laser DEWs due to
issues related to beam dispersion and the requirement of near-vacuum conditions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
A multinational corporation is evaluating India as a location for its next Global Capability Centre
(GCC). It aims to create a unit that functions as a core decision-making and innovation node
rather than a traditional cost-arbitrage centre. Which of the following combinations most
accurately reflects the structural evolution of GCCs in India and the underlying economic
rationale, in line with recent projections?
1. Shift from customer support to R&D and AI-driven analytics — enabled primarily by
India’s demographic dividend and increasing depth of digital public infrastructure
2. Transition from back-office outsourcing to strategic enterprise functions — driven by
agglomeration economies in major urban hubs and availability of specialised human
capital
3. Expansion from IT services to manufacturing-led GCCs — supported mainly by
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes
4. Growth from captive centres to autonomous subsidiaries — caused chiefly by rising
labour costs in developed economies

Which of the above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
A recent public health initiative aims to achieve the global target of “Zero human deaths from
dog-mediated rabies by 2030.” In this context, consider the following statements regarding
rabies and its control:
1. Rabies virus shows a primary tropism for peripheral nerves and reaches the central
nervous system through retrograde axonal transport.
2. Furious rabies is more commonly associated with hydrophobia and aerophobia than
paralytic rabies.
3. Once clinical symptoms appear, timely administration of rabies immunoglobulin can
significantly reduce mortality.
4. Mass dog vaccination is prioritized over mass human vaccination because humans are
the reservoir host for rabies virus in endemic regions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
2 points
Clear selection
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