Economic Geography

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Economic Geography

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1. In the 200 years following the Industrial Revolution, heavy industry was found in all of the following locations EXCEPT *

A) North America

B) United Kingdom

C) France

D) east Asia

E) northern Africa

2. Service-based economies are based on all of the following EXCEPT *

A) telecommunications

B) mining

C) marketing

D) sales

E) tourism

3. Deindustrialization occurred at the national level in Great Britain when heavy industry was moved to locations with *

A) greater access to major ports

B) lower production costs

C) a more educated population

D) economies more geared toward tertiary economic activities

E) higher industrial-economic development

4. In the core-periphery model, all of Africa is included in the periphery EXCEPT *

A) Zimbabwe

B) Angola

C) South Africa

D) Liberia

E) Tanzania

5. Which of the following groups of American cities is part of the Rust Belt? *

A) Detroit, Buffalo, and Cleveland

B) San Jose, Palo Alto, and Cupertino

C) St. Louis, Little Rock, and Oklahoma City

D) Atlanta, Augusta, and Knoxville

E) Albuquerque, Tucson, and Phoenix

6. Mexico’s system of maquiladoras is located *

A) along the coast of the Pacific Ocean

B) on the Baja Peninsula

C) on the Yucatan Peninsula

D) along the Mexico-US border

E) in the areas surrounding Mexico City

7. Which of the following encourages the input of cash from foreign countries without the export of goods? *

A) Agricultural development

B) Tourism

C) Free-trade agreements

D) E-commerce

E) Development of infrastructure

8. NAFTA allowed for free trade among which of the following? *

A) North America and South America

B) Canada, the United States, and Mexico

C) Great Britain, Ireland, and France

D) Russia and the former Soviet states

E) Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia

9. Which of the following is an example of quaternary economic activity? *

A) Entertainment

B) Research and development

C) Oil production

D) Agriculture

E) Transportation

10. The Human Development Index is a measure of both economic production and *

A) social indicators

B) population density

C) unemployment rates

D) income per capita

E) income disparity

11. High-tech industry jobs offer all of the following benefits over manufacturing jobs EXCEPT *

A) higher pay

B) less pollution

C) safer working conditions

D) higher standards of living

E) shorter workweek

12. The shift of industry to developing countries has resulted in *

A) tighter trade restrictions across the globe

B) higher unemployment in developing countries

C) a lower standard of living in developing countries

D) an industrial decline in the United States and Europe

E) a more robust economy in the United States and Europe

13. In a right to work state, workers cannot *

A) be part of a political party

B) negotiate a contract for themselves

C) be fired without proof of cause

D) be paid overtime for more than 40 hours of work a week

E) be forced to join a union as a condition of employment

14. The measure of wealth and life enjoyment that a person holds is called *

A) cost of living

B) life expectancy

C) literacy

D) standard of living

E) GDP

15. In which of the following regions is life expectancy the lowest? *

A) Northern Europe

B) The Middle East

C) Southeast Asia

D) Sub-Saharan Africa

E) Central America

16. Which of the following is the basic industry for Silicon Valley in California? *

A) Farming

B) Steel manufacturing

C) Computer equipment manufacturing

D) Milling industry

E) Food packaging

17. The gross domestic product per capita is a measure of the total goods and services produced by a country divided by that country’s *

A) unemployment rate

B) gross national product

C) total population

D) number of corporations

E) total number of exports

18. Shopping malls are an example of *

A) urbanization

B) deglomeration

C) agglomeration

D) cumulative causation

E) gentrification

19. All of the following are true of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT *

A) Technological advancements such as steam power and machine tools helped make the Industrial Revolution possible

B) Despite social and economic problems, standards of living and incomes increased for most people in industrializing countries

C) The Industrial Revolution marked the transition from manual labor and draft animals to mechanization

D) One of the first industries transformed by the Industrial Revolution was the textile industry

E) Industrialization happened nearly simultaneously in most areas of the world in the 18th century

20. All of the following are true of the Human Development Index EXCEPT *

A) Most countries that score very high on the scale are located in North America and Europe

B) Many low-HDI countries are located in Sub-Saharan Africa

C) The HDI measures factors such as life expectancy, literacy, education level, and standard of living

D) Ecology and the environment are strongly considered in the HDI calculations

E) The United States loses points to the HDI because its education level and literacy rates are lower than countries such as Norway and Canada

21. The core countries of Europe had an advantage in commerce and used this advantage to: *

A) subjugate and colonize peripheral and semiperipheral countries

B) develop equal trading relationships with peripheral countries

C) share technologies and economic practices with semiperipheral countries

D) establish trading networks free of trade barriers with other core countries

E) integrate the people of peripheral and semiperipheral countries into their societies

22. Alfred Weber’s least cost theory takes into account all of the following EXCEPT *

A) locating markets close to source materials

B) transportation costs

C) weight of raw materials

D) agglomeration costs

E) consumer demand for the finished product

23. The British Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution were tied together in that *

A) The Agricultural Revolution produced a surplus population of displaced agricultural workers who provided labor for factories

B) Working conditions in factories during the Industrial Revolution drove workers to agricultural jobs in large numbers

C) Mechanization occurred much more quickly in agriculture than it did in industry during this period

D) The cost of food rose during the Agricultural Revolution, which resulted in severe malnutrition among industrial workers

E) The Industrial Revolution and Agricultural Revolution shared only a time period, but not technology or ideas

24. Cell phones and the rise of social networks have led to all of the following EXCEPT *

A) a rapid flow of information across the globe

B) equal access to information and technology across the globe

C) political revolutions against dictators

D) rapid development in emerging countries

E) cultural exchange between countries and people separated by distance

25. All of the following are true of maquiladoras EXCEPT *

A) The North American Free Trade Agreement spurred the growth of maquiladoras in Mexico

B) Globalization has increased competition for maquiladoras in Mexico

C) Because of NAFTA, maquiladoras don’t have to pay any taxes

D) US firms take advantage of more lenient Mexican labor laws and cheaper wages by using the maquiladoras

E) China’s special economic areas are a big threat to the maquiladoras because they provide cheaper labor in some cases

26. The word “development” implies *

A) progress.

B) colonialism.

C) lowering of wages through mechanization.

D) technology.

E) equality

27. Which of the following European cities faced deindustrialization on a large scale *

A) London

B) Paris

C) Rome

D) Liverpool

E) Barcelona

28. Dependency ratio measures *

A) family size

B) percent of the population dependent on welfare

C) the number of young plus the number of elderly per 100 workers

D) average number of hours of work to feed a family of four

E) Wages for working people

29. Which is not among the five stages of Rostow’s development model? *

A) traditional

B) take-off

C) high-mass consumption

D) collapse-decline

E) preconditions to take-off

30. El Salvador abandoned its currency, the Colon, in favor of the U.S. dollar. This process is referred to as *

A) re-structuration.

B) re-colonization.

C) international monetizing.

D) dollarization.

E) Monetization

31. Wallerstein’s three-tier regionalization of the world includes all of the following except *

A) core.

B) semi-core.

C) periphery.

D) semi-periphery.

32. Countries in which tier of the world economy (region) have high birth and death rates and low life expectancy at birth? *

A) post-industrial

B) core

C) semi-periphery

D) periphery

E) semi-core

33. Most victims of malaria are *

A) agricultural workers.

B) women in childbearing years.

C) the elderly.

D) children under 5.

E) male

34. Mexico has established export processing zones with special tax, trade and regulatory arrangements for foreign firms. This phenomena is referred to as *

A) maquiladoras.

B) haciendas.

C) border cities.

D) NAFTA zones.

E) break of bulk points

35. Core area agriculture is characterized by *

A) mechanization.

B) high levels of farmer education.

C) scientific agronomy.

D) use of fertilizers

E) all of the above

36. Which is NOT a barrier to development *

A) Political Instability

B) Social Inequality

C) Widespread Disease

D) Foreign Debt Obligations

E) Free trade agreements

37. Islands of Development seek to *

A) create equality throughout the country

B) promote foreign investment

C) support women working

D) increase nonfinancial imports

E) deindustrialize

38. Microcredit loans focus on which group of people? *

A) Elderly

B) Children

C) Men

D) Wealthy investors

E) Women

39. NGOs *

A) are a part of governments

B) are only through the United Nations

C) are always religious

D) are independent of state and local governments

E) only represent women and children

40. Nike, headquartered in Oregon, employs 20,000 people in that state. What percentage of those workers are employed in shoe manufacture/assembly? *

A) 90

B) 5

C) 25

D) 0

E) 75

41. Which of the four classifications of industry must locate where the resources are found? *

A) secondary

B) tertiary

C) primary

D) quaternary

E) Quinary

42. If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called *

A) cluster.

B) focus.

C) agglomeration.

D) intensity.

E) deglomeration

43. Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times. *

A) Atlanta

B) Florida

C) Washington D.C.

D) New England

E) St. Louis

44. Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as: *

A) Fordist.

B) post-Fordist.

C) socialist.

D) colonial production.

E) Assembly Line

45. The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is *

A) technical design.

B) labor-intensive.

C) low-labor needs.

D) high-tech.

E) well paid

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