stage G3a CKD is admitted for treatment of

pneumonia. Over the past 4 days, his oral intake

has been minimal. His home medications include

inhaled bronchodilators and diuretics.

The BP is 96/60 mmHg, the pulse rate is 120/min, and

the temperature is 38.1C. The oxygen saturation

is 98% on 2 L/min supplemental oxygen via

nasal cannula. The jugular venous pressure is low.

Laboratory studies show serum

sodium of 147 mEq/L, potassium of 3.0

mEq/L, chloride of 100 mEq/L, metabolic alkalosis, BUN of 45 mg/dl, and creatinine of 3.5

mg/dl (increased from a recent baseline level of

1.8 mg/dl).

In addition to potassium supplementation and

continuous monitoring of the volume status,

which ONE of the following is the MOST

appropriate management strategy for this

man’s acid-base disorder?

cirrhosis is admitted for management of increasing

ascites and leg edema that are resistant to diuretcs. A paracentesis is

performed and shows no evidence of spontaneous

bacterial peritonitis.

She developed oliguric acute kidney disease with a rise in the SCr from 1.4 mg/dl on admission to 3  mg/dl 2 days later.

Diuretics are discontinued, and she is treated

with albumin 1 g/kg for the next 2 days with no

improvement in kidney function or urine output.

On physical examination, the BP is 100/60 mmHg

and the pulse is 88/min.

 Laboratory studies

show albumin 2.6 g/dl, bilirubin

2.1 mg/dl, urine

albumin/creatinine ratio 15 mg/g, and fractional

excretion of sodium of 0.04%. The urinary

sediment shows a few hyaline casts and no

cells.

Ultrasound shows that the kidneys

are approximately 10 cm in size, and there is no

hydronephrosis.

Which ONE of the following is the MOST likely

diagnosis?

Which of the following is correct regarding the diagnostic workup of LN?