Urinary Incontinence in the Horse

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AC.1660.17

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1. What is the expected urine production in a NORMAL horse? *

1 point

5 - 15 ml/kg/day

15-30 ml/kg/day

50-60 ml/kg/day

75-85 ml/kg/day

90-100 ml/kg/day

2. You examine an 8 year old Standardbred gelding with urinary incontinence. What are the MOST appropriate diagnostic procedures that you would select to make a diagnosis? *

1 point

Rectal examination, urinalysis, endoscopy, neurological examination

Rectal examination, urinalysis, complete water deprivation test

Rectal examination, urinalysis, partial water deprivation test

Rectal examination, serum electrolytes, dexamethasone suppression test

Rectal examination, Urinalysis, Neurological examination, CSF tap

3. A horse (B) presents with ataxia, paresis and urinary incontinence of sudden onset. The same day, you have already examined another horse (A) presenting fever and nasal discharge on the same premises. Which of the following diagnostic procedures would be MOST helpful to make a diagnosis? *

1 point

Performing a radiographic exam of the cervical region on horse B and sampling nasal swab and whole blood on horse A and B

Sampling nasal swab, whole blood and Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) on horse B

Sampling nasal swab and whole blood on horse B and control movements of horses

Check for the vaccination against rabies and sample CSF on horse B and a nasal swab on horse A

Check for the vaccination against West Nile virus and sample CSF, whole blood and serum on horse B and a nasal swab on horse A

4. Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of urinary incontinence in a horse? *

1 point

EHV myelitis

Trauma (eg. Dystocia)

Neoplasia

West Nile Virus

Neuritis of the cauda equine (polyneuritis equi)

5. Which of the following clinical signs have been associated with urinary incontinence in the horse? *

1 point

Urine scalding

Stranguria

Urine dribbling

Hematuria

All of the above

6. Which of the following is NOT a recommended empirical pharmacological therapy for urinary incontinence in the horse? *

1 point

Phenoxybenzamine

Dantrolene

Bethanechol

Phenylephrine

Diazepam

7. Which of the following neurological signs is consistent with UMN urinary dysfunction? *

1 point

Flaccid tail paralysis

Ataxia

Faecal retention,

Loss of anal sphincter tone

Loss of vulva tone

8. Which of the following causes of urinary incontinence are associated with a good prognosis if the underlying problem is treated promptly? *

1 point

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy

Cervical stenotic myelopathy

EHV-1

Polyneuritis equi

sacral vertebral trauma

9. The presence of hematuria in a horse with urinary incontinence may indicate the presence of: *

1 point

Urolithiasis

Cystitis

Neoplasia

Bladder trauma

All of the above

10. You obtain a urinalysis from a horse with urinary incontinence and identify pyuria. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of the pyuria? *

1 point

Bacterial cystitis

Urolithiasis

Trauma (e.g. bladder trauma secondary to dystocia)

Hypoestrogenism

Cushings disease

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