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An astronomer investigating a star determines that the light wavelengths she observes are longer than those expected to be emitted by the star.  What can be concluded about the motion of the star relative to Earth’s position?

Most geologists accept radiometric dating techniques as valid because

Which property of a star can be determined most directly from its color?

Many scientists hypothesize that a cloud of interstellar dust, gas and ice collapsed to form a nebula from which our Sun and planets formed.  What factor is responsible for causing most of this interstellar material to condense, forming our Sun?

According to some theories, Earth’s sun is approximately 5 billion years old. After about 10 billion years, this type of star runs out of fuel. The hydrogen in the core becomes depleted and cannot be fused to form helium. The graphs below illustrate the chemical changes that occur inside a star at specific times.  Using the information provided, what is the hydrogen/helium content inside a star that is the approximate age of our sun?

When examining the red shift of galaxies outside our own, every galaxy appears to be moving away from the observer. This observation supports the Big Bang Theory because it indicates that

Our solar system is thought to have formed from a nebula of dust and gas. Most of this nebula condensed to form the sun.  What is primarily responsible for causing these materials to condense?

Scientists believe that forces in Earth’s mantle move Earth’s crustal plates. What do the arrows in the diagram represent?

Use the tables to answer the question.  Which isotope from Table A is the only one with applications for dating Holocene materials?

Strips of two different metals are placed in a solution of acid as shown in the picture below. What indicates that ions are being formed?

Solid copper wire is a good conductor because

A student walks from inside an air-conditioned building to stand outside on a sunny, sandy beach. The student says that her face and the bottoms of her feet feel warm.  Which statement best describes the thermal energy transfer taking place?

Antoine Lavoisier developed a model of an acid from which he concluded that acids were oxygen-containing binary compounds. Later, Davy and Gay-Lussac demonstrated that hydrogen was the essential element in acids. This example from history shows that Lavoisier’s model

Which is the best explanation for the small puddle around Cup A and the larger puddle around Cup B?

Suppose Franklin had a third cup, made of Styrofoam®, to which he added the same number of ice cubes and the same amount of lemonade. What would Franklin expect to observe after 20 minutes?

A student is testing the conductivity of two solid substances. Substance A has high conductivity and substance B has low conductivity.  Based on this information, what must be true regarding these two substances?

Which statement accurately describes the interaction between the foot and sidewalk as a person moves forward along the sidewalk in the direction of the arrow?

W reacts with X in the equation: W + X → Y + Z .           According to the law of conservation of mass, how many grams of W must react completely with 225 grams of X to result in 375 grams of product?

Use the [partial] periodic table to answer the question.  Would you normally expect neon (Ne) to form compounds?

Scientists and engineers from The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and National Transportation and Safety Board (NTSB) conduct studies and develop technical guidelines for designers and manufacturers of consumer products. Such guidelines have made possible the development or improvement of collision avoidance systems, passenger and pedestrian safety systems, and safer automotive power and fuel systems.  Which statement accurately describes a positive effect on science and society from studies and guidelines developed by the SAE and NTSB?

Graphite and diamond are both forms of pure carbon. Graphite is soft and grey while diamond is hard and transparent. The physical properties of graphite and diamond differ due to

Light travels in air at approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s. When it enters a glass window, this speed is reduced to about 2 x 10^8 m/s. When the light re-enters the air, what will the speed of light be?

Use the diagram to answer the question.  The atomic number of carbon is 6, which means that carbon atoms always have 6

Jackie used a portable electric drill to remove screws from a broken wooden table. He noticed that the screws holding the table together were warm to the touch after being removed from the wood.  What explains this phenomenon?

Which statement best explains the change in the skier’s potential energy?

A metal that can be hammered out or rolled into thin sheets is best described as

Which energy transformation below describes the conversion involved when the carbon compounds in wood are burned?

At 25°C, water has a density of 1.0 g/mL and vegetable oil has a density of 0.90 g/mL. How would a substance with a density of 0.95 g/mL behave when placed in both oil and water?

Refer to the [partial] periodic table to answer this question.  A neutral atom of silicon has

Which region of the graph represents water (H2O) in the liquid form only

What causes the force indicated by the X?

In his investigations of air, Henry Cavendish discovered a small bubble of leftover gas that would not combine with nitrogen. His observations went unnoticed until William Ramsay performed experiments in which he obtained similar results. Ramsay recalled and repeated Cavendish’s experiments exactly to verify the results. Then, using Gustav Kirchhoff’s spectroscopy technique, Ramsay was able to identify the leftover gas as the element he called argon. Upon further investigation, he found the elements neon, krypton and xenon. Based on this information, it can be said that

A teacher dropped one light ball and one heavy ball simultaneously from the roof of a school building. Both balls struck the ground at the same time.  The students correctly concluded from this experiment that falling objects

The weight of the box is a measure of the

At what time does the box have the greatest kinetic energy?

Where is the potential energy of the box greatest?

The total energy of the box is

During the first five minutes of the experiment,

Which was the dependent (responding) variable in this experiment?

Which was the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment?

A student plans to collect data needed to calculate the kinetic energy of a thrown baseball. She plans to measure the distance from pitcher to catcher, the time it takes for the baseball to arrive in the catcher’s glove, the mass of the baseball, and the circumference of the baseball. Which of these measurements is not needed to calculate the kinetic energy?

When dropped from the same height, why does a flat sheet of paper fall more slowly than the same sheet when it is tightly crumpled into a ball?

When methane (CH4) is burned in the presence of oxygen (O2), the two chemicals react together in a process called combustion. Which of these compounds could be a possible product of this combustion reaction?

A driver is headed north at 50 km/hr. A box is sitting on the seat next to him.  What action by the driver would most likely cause him to observe the box appear to slide to the west?

For the solids listed in the data table, which seems to be true about the relationship between the speed of sound and density?

Gertrude cut two bars of different types of soap into four pieces each. She put one piece from each bar into each of four beakers, labeled Beaker W, Beaker X, Beaker Y and Beaker Z. Each beaker contained a different unknown liquid. According to the results shown above, which beaker contained the liquid that was densest?

Engineers are designing an auditorium that will be used for performances by orchestras.  What must they do to maximize the loudness of the sound heard by the audience?

Based on the data, which statement best summarizes the effects of solar warming in January?

The water level in a graduated cylinder rises from 10 cm^3 to 35 cm^3 when a solid lead ball is added. What is the approximate volume of the lead ball?

When submitting research proposals to funding agencies, investigators must follow ethical guidelines. What information in a research proposal would be considered bogus and lead to rejection of the proposal?

Two identical flasks containing different liquids are placed on identical balances. Based only on what you can observe from the picture, what property differs between the two liquids?