Vet 360 volume 11 issue 02 2024 Diabetic Cataracts in Dogs and Cats Dr Venter

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1. Which one of the following statements regarding diabetes mellitus is CORRECT?

a. The prevalence of diabetes in dogs is two times higher than cats.

b. Both dogs and cats are more likely to suffer from insulin deficiency diabetes compared to insulin resistance diabetes.

c. Burmese cats are a 3x more likely to develop diabetes compared to other breeds

d. Unneutered male dogs are more likely to develop diabetes.

e. Border collies are predisposed.

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2. What percentage of diabetic dogs develop diabetic cataracts within the first 6 months after diagnosis?

a. 25%

b. 35%

c. 50%

d. 60%

e. 80%

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3. Which one of the statements below is most CORRECT to answer the question, What is most of the energy produced in the lens used for?

a. Supplying energy to a membrane Na K pump maintaining the dehydrated state of the lens.

b. Lens protein synthesis.

c. Storage of anti-oxidants.

d. Maintenance of the anterior lens epithelial cells.

e. Maintaining mitotic activity of the lens equatorial cells

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4. Which one of the statements below is the most likely reason why intumescent cataracts are more likely to form in dogs compared to cats?

a. Higher concentrations of aldose reductase in dogs compared to cats.

b. Higher concentrations of Lysine in the canine lens.

c. The increased chance of the formation of Schiff bases and Amadori products on dogs.

d. The increased incidence of lens-induced uveitis in dogs alters the hydration state in the canine lens.

e. Lower concentrations of hexokinase in the canine lens.

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5. Which one of the following statements is not a possible complication of diabetic cataracts?

a. Phacolytic lens induced uveitis.

b. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

c. Phacoclastic lens induced uveitis.

d. Phacomorhic glaucoma.

e. Lens luxation.

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6. Which one of the following five listed substances have shown promise in reducing the incidence of diabetic cataract formation in dogs ?

a. Topical corticosteroids.

b. Topical non steroidal anti inflammatories.

c. Alpha lipoic acid.

d. Geen tea extract.

e. Lutein

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7. Which one of the following statements regarding the treatment of diabetic cataracts is INCORRECT ?

a. Phaco emulsification leads to an increased incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

b. Up to 7 % of patients may regain vision with medical treatment alone.

c. Phaco emulsification of lenses that had spontaneous capsular rupture has a very poor prognosis.

d. Surgical treatment of diabetic cataracts eliminate the need for long term treatment.

e. Successful outcome of phacoemulsification in diabetic cataracts can be high as 95%.

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8. Which one of the following statements regarding glucose metabolism in the lens is true ?

a. Hexokinase is responsible for converting glucose to glucose 6 phosphate.

b. The normal lenticular metabolism of glucose is predominantly through aerobic metabolism.

c. The pentose phosphate pathway does not play a role in lenticular metabolism.

d. Aldose reductase play a major role in the normal metabolism of the lens.

e. Glucose only enters the lens by active transport.

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9. Regarding diabetic cataracts in cats which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

a. In cats most cataracts small and linear and do not progress to the typical mature intumescent cataracts.

b. Phacolytic uveitis is common is diabetic cats.

c. Spontaneous lens capsule rupture in cats leads to phacoclastic uveitis.

d. The antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthins may prevent the development of diabetic cataracts in cats.

e.Phacomorphic glaucoma is a serious and common complication of diabetic cataracts in cats.

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10. Which one of the following statements regarding lens-induced uveitis is CORRECT?

a. Phacolytic uveitis is associated with immature diabetic cataracts in dogs.

b. Granulomatous LIU is a very mild form of uveitis and seldom causes visual deficits.

c. A breed predisposition exists in miniature Schnauzers for the development of granulomatous uveitis.

d. Unlike infectious diseases leading to keratitic precipitates [KP’s] in uveitis patients KP’s are never seen in lens-induced uveitis patients.

e. none of the above

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