1.4 Sustainability - Natural Capital 1

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46. An area of forest contains a volume of 1.5 million m3 of timber. On average, each year bushfires destroy 50 000 m3 and pests destroy 100 000 m3 of timber. Normal tree growth adds 200 000 m3. What is the approximate sustainable yield of the forest in m3 yr–1? *

1 point

50 000

1 550 000

350 000

49. Four examples of natural capital are: (i) a nickel ore deposit in the Australian outback___(ii) a population of deer in a forest reserve___(iii) ozone in the upper atmosphere___(iv) the forest cover of an uninhabited Pacific island *

In which of the three classes of natural capital does each belong, respectively?

1 point

non-renewable___renewable_____renewable______replenishable

replenishable____replenishable___renewable______non-renewable

renewable______renewable______non-renewable___renewable

non-renewable___renewable_____replenishable____renewable

51. For a particular year, for the fishing grounds of an island nation, assume: R = the biomass of young fish reaching harvestable size___G = the growth in biomass of fish already of harvestable size___M = the loss of fish through death and emigration___B = the biomass of the total fish population at the start of the year. *

The sustainable yield of the fishing grounds could be calculated using which of the following?

1 point

R + G – M

B - M

B + R + G – M

R + G

For questions 59 and 60, refer to the flow diagram below.

59. What is the maximum sustainable yield of timber from this forest? *

1 point

1.8 kg m^–2 yr^–1

2.2 kg m^–2 yr^–1

43.8 kg m^–2 yr^–1

44.2 kg m^–2 yr^–1

60. Which of the following combinations of harvesting techniques would allow the exploitation of this resource to be fully sustainable? *

I. Removal of the entire natural income of the forest___II. Removal of the entire natural capital of the forest___III. Use of petrol/gasoline-driven machinery for harvesting and transport

1 point

I and III only

III only

I only

I and II only

65. Four examples of resources are: I. A very small coal deposit that it is uneconomic to mine___II. An area of rainforest in a national park___III. The water in a mountain lake___IV. A school of whales in the southern ocean *

Which in the above table identifies the types of resources that each of the above represent?

1 point

68. Which of the following best represents an example of sustainable yield management of resources? *

1 point

Reducing the amount of oil consumed by encouraging the use of smaller vehicles

Switching from fossil fuel power stations to nuclear power stations

Harvesting the timber of a forest at the rate that the trees produce it

Banning the catching of rare fish species

For question 73 and 74, use the table below showing use of natural capital in four different human communities.

73. Which column in the table above contains only replenishable natural capital? *

1 point

Building materials

Food

Water

Fuel

74. Which communities might be living sustainably? *

1 point

I, II, and III only

I and IV only

I and III only

I and II only

80. Which statement is correct? *

1 point

Non-renewable natural capital is all the goods in an area that have marketable value.

The ozone layer is an example of non-living non-renewable natural capital.

Trees are considered renewable natural capital.

Minerals are replenishable natural capital.

111. Resources that have a sustainable yield equal to their natural productivity are *

1 point

natural income.

renewable natural capital.

replenishable natural capital.

non-renewable natural capital.

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