Page 1 of 38

3⁄4$d rhcpN `p_p _„

1...fpô2$ue........................02 \u 05

2...r_dZ|„L$.......................06 \u 06

3...v$¡i `qfQe..................07 \u 08

4... qf`p¡V®-kh£nZ.............09 \u 11

5....rhdp¡Q_....................12 \u 1f

5...`yfõL$pf......................13 \u 16

6.. rv$_ rhi¡j...................17 \u 21

7...r_^_.......................22 \u 22

8...rhrh^......................23 \u 24

9...`ep®hfZ A_¡ âL©$rs......25 \u 27

9...A\® ìehõ\p...............28 \u 28

13...M¡g S>Ns...................f9 \u 30

14...Ap„sffpô2$ue âhplp¡........31 \u 33

15...NyS>fps_u AV$pfuA¡\u.....34 \u 35

16..rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ......36 \u 38

Magazine for : U.P.S.C., G.P.S.C, T.E.T., T.A.T., S.S.C.,

BANK, P.S.I., Air-Force, Navy And All COMPETITIVE EXAM

COMPETITIVE INDIA

Editor-Publisher-Printer-Owner

CHAUHAN KAMLESHKUMAR NANDLALBHAI

Gopnath Road, TALAJA.

Dist.:Bhavnagar (Gujrat), PIN-364 140

M-9408827007

E-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.com

Gopnath Road, TALAJA.

Dist.:Bhavnagar (Gujrat), PIN-364 140

RNI No.GUJGUJ/2013/51331

[MONTHLY]

Address

d¡N¡qT_dp„ S>¡ `Z dprlsu fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, s¡ Adpfu ÅZL$pfu dyS>b_u R>¡. kp\p¡kp\ Ap A„L$dp„ Qp¡L$kpB fpMhp dpV$¡_p âeÐ_p¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. L$p¡B`Z c|g A\hp Q|L$ dpV$¡ âL$piL$

L$¡ s¡_p L$p¡B`Z L$d®Qpfu S>hpbv$pf _\u. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep d¡N¡qT_dp„ âL$pris \e¡gp g¡Mp¡dp_p d„sìep¡ g¡ML$p¡_p `p¡sp_p lp¡e R>¡, S>¡_u kp\¡ dprgL$, âL$piL$ A_¡ k„`pv$L$ klds R>¡. s¡d

dp_u g¡hy _lu.

h

p„

Q

_

rh

i¡

j

r_dZ|„L$

v$f dpk_u 10 spfuM¡ ârkÝ^ \sy

f

p

2 ô$u

e

rh

^

rh

A_y3⁄4$drZL$p

rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ k„ip¡^_

Ap„sffpô2$ue âhplp

¡

RNI:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u

â\d rhv$¡i epÓp -c|V$p_

-40dy„ Æ-7 riMf k„d¡g_

-ep¥_ tlkp kdpá L$fhp g„X$_ Mps¡ h¥[ðL$ k„d¡g_ ep¡Åey

-e|fp¡ dyÖp A`_ph_pf rg\yApr_ep 19dp¡ v$¡i

-hëX®$ l¡qfV$¡S>_p v$fˆ$p âv$p_ \ep

-_pTu d©Ðey rirbf_p Apfp¡`u Å¡lp_ b°¡ef rNfaspf

-BÞV$f`p¡g_p dlpkrQh `v$¡ Sy>e£N_ õV$pL$

-vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ dfu_ âp¡V$¡L$V$¡X$ A¡qfep

-Ad¡qfL$u _p¥ k¡_pdp„ â\d drlgp ap ̧f õV$pf A¡X$rdfg

rdi¡g lphX®$

-Bbp¡gp hpefk_p¡ sfMpV$

-Nrsiug NyS>fps : gÿep„L$ 100 qv$hk

-NyS>fps `p¡rgkv$m_u cfsudp„ lh¡ 33

% drlgp ApfnZ

- Äep¡rsN°pd ep¡S>_p lh¡ v$¡icfdp„ gpN|

\i¡

-ipmp âh¡ip¡Ðkh-2014

-11dp¡ h_ dlp¡Ðkh Mp¡X$g^pd Mps¡

-

" '

"k„Nus Å¡ k„S>¡fp¡' -L$ÃR>u k„Nus

gpBb°¡fu

-kfv$pf kfp¡hf b„^_u JQpB h^pfhp

d„S|>fu

-NyS>fpsdp„ îu S>NÞ_p\Æ_u 137du

f\epÓp

-rhV$prd_ "A¡' eyL$s ky`f L$¡my rhL$rks

-A¡rge__p Æh__¡ V2$¡L$ L$fsy kp¥\u iqL$sipmu vy$fbu_

"A¡V$gpõV$'

-â¡fZp `pB_p âep¡Np¡ lh¡ A„sqfndp„

"a¡kgp¡L$'

-rhð_y„ kp¥ â\d A¢X2$p¡BX$ kdpQpf hpQL$_y„ A_phfZ

-hpey âvy$jZ AV$L$phsu _hu V$pBëk rhL$rks

-r_L$g ^psy Apfp¡Nsp R>p¡X$_u ip¡^

-dp_hue fp¡bp¡V$ "`u`f'

-`pkhX® _p¡ rhL$ë`

-qv$ëlu v$¡i_y„ â\d L$¡fp¡rk_ dy1⁄4s fpÄe

-"^ âpBT hu `¡' -sdpL|$ rhfp¡^u rhop`_

-"dp¥kd `qfep¡S>_p'_u iê$Aps

-fpS>õ\p_ kfL$pf¡ KV$_¡ fpÄe`iy Op¡rjs L$ey®

-rkNpf¡V$ h¡QpZdp„ L$p¡gL$sp V$p¡Q_p õ\p_¡

-dÝeâv$¡idp„ dqlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ "Np¥fhu L$¡ÞÖ' _u

iê$Aps

-DÑf âv$¡idp„ "hpeyrdÓ'

-Açdp _dL$,Açdp apd®ku_u iê$Aps

-bp¡f hÞe Æh AcepfÎe v$¡i_y„ 47dy„ V$pBNf qfTh®

s„Óu : L$dg¡i Qp¥lpZ M-9408827007 E-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.com

-Ágp¡bg X$¡ Ap ̧a `¡f¡ÞV$k1

-rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk

-Ap„sffpô2$ue _prhL$ qv$hk

-rhð f1⁄4sv$p_ qv$hk

-rhð dlpkpNf qv$hk

-k„eyL$s fpô2$ gp¡L$k¡hp qv$hk

-rhð bpmîd rhfp¡^u qv$hk

-rhð rh^hp qv$hk

-rhð rhV$urgNp¡ qv$hk

-rhð k„Nus qv$hk

-rhð ifZp\} qv$hk

-õV$¡V$uõV$uL$ qv$hk

-49dp„ op_`uW$ `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ L$¡v$pf_p\tkl_u -ap^k® X$¡ `k„v$Nu

-k„S>e fpÅfpd_¡ hj® 2014_y„ rhð MpÛ kçdp_

-kgdp_ fív$u `¡_ t`V$f `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ `k„v$ \ep

- Q¢rç`e_ Ap ̧a Q¢S >- ârs›$p MÞ_p kçdpr_s

-rdk B[ÞX$ep hëX®$hpBX$-2014 dp¡r_L$p rNg

-rdk ey.A¡k.A¡.-2014 r_ep kp„Q¡S>

- rgS>_ Ap ̧a Ap ̧_f -iplê$MMp_ kçdpr_s

" '

" '

" '

`yfõL$pf_u vy$r_ep qv$_ rhi¡j

-"ågX$ ae|$X$'

-"hp¡fue õV$¡V$$ : `pqL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p ̧ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu'

-"kåV$p„k A¡ÞX$ i¡X$p¡'

-"N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¥L$ Ap ̧_ V2$¡L$'

-"N°u_ `p¡eçk'

-Ágp¡bg `uk HX$¡L$k-2014

-^ A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV$ 3⁄4$pBrkk

-A¡ÄeyL$¡i_ ap ̧f Ap ̧g Ágp¡bg dp¡r_V$qf„N

-k„L$V$N°õs âÅrsAp¡_u f¡X$rgõV$ Åfu \B

-Apefg¡ÞX$ kp¥\u kpfp¡ v$¡i

35dp„ fpô2$ue

M¡g_u spfuM,

gp¡Np¡, iyc„L$f,

kv1cph_p v|$s

Op¡rjs \ep

`yõsL$ rhdp¡Q_

Page 2 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 2

"Açdp _dL$'_p¡ iycp„fc

srdg_pXy$_p dy¿ed„Óu S>egrgspA¡

fpS>e_p DÛp¡N rhcpN_¡ Apr^_ fl¡gp

srdg_pXy$ kp¡ëV$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$_p A¡L$

DÐ`pv$_ "Açdp _dL$'_p¡ iycpf„c 11

S|>__p fp¡S> L$ep£ lsp¡.

"Açdp _dL$' ÓZ âL$pf¡ D`gå^ \i¡. S>¡ dy¿ed„Óu

S>egrgsp_p _pd `f L$ëepZ_u A¡L$ `l¡g î©„Mgp A„sN®s

iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. "Açdp _dL$' iê$ \hp `l¡gp

fpS>edp„ kpdprS>L$ L$ëepZ ep¡S>_p A„sN®s Ap¡R>u qL„$dsdp„

cp¡S>_ D`gå^ L$fphhp "Açdp L$¢V$u_' _p¡ âpf„c `Z \B

QyL$ep¡ R>¡. s¡dS> 10 ê$r`ep ârs guV$f "Açdp' _pd\u

`uhp_y„ `pZu `Z dmu füy R>¡.

s

rd

g

_pXy$

kp¡ëV$ L$p¡`p£f¡i

_

rg

rdV$¡X$

V$u.A¡_.A¡k.ku. srdg_pXy$ kfL$pf_y„ `|Z®

dprgL$u ^fphsy A¡L$d R>¡. s¡_u õ\p`_p

B.k.1974dp„ srdg_pXy$_p fpd_p`yfd

rS>ëgp_p h¡ëgu_p¡L$d Mps¡ \B lsu. Al] Ly$g

``f4 A ̧L$f c|rd n¡Ódp„ _dL$_u M¡su L$fhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. S>ep„ 3f00 A¡L$f S>du_ rhL$rks L$fhp

kp\¡ ârs hj® f \u f.` gpM V$_ _dL$_y„ DÐ`pv$_

\pe R>¡. âÐen/AâÐen ê$`¡ 1f00 S>¡V$gp

îrdL$p¡_¡ fp¡S>Npf `Z dm¡ R>¡.

Ap `qfep¡S>_p_¡ d¡qfef h¡ëgu_p¡L$d kp¡ëV$

L$p¡çàg¡n `Z L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

2

"k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$ afuepv$ kdp^p_ `p¡V®$g'

rhipm dlp_ cpfs v$¡i `X$p¡iu Qu_ kp\¡ gp„bu kflv$

^fph¡ R>¡. cpfs_p S>çd|-L$píduf, DÑfpM„X$, rkqL$L$d, rldpQg

âv$¡i A_¡ Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i S>¡hp fpS>ep¡ kp\¡ Qu__u kflv$p¡

Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡. S>¡ 40`0 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gu g„bpB ^fph¡ R>¡.

Aê$ZpQg âv$¡idp„ Qu__u kflv$ _ÆL$_p n¡Ódp„

ApB.V$u.bu.`u._u `4 S>¡V$gu _hu `p¡õV$ r_dp®Z L$fhp_u

bpbs cpfs kfL$pf_u fZ_ursL$ âp\rdL$sp R>¡.

Qu_ kudp `f rhL$pk_p L$pep£

dpV$¡ kyfnp d„Ópge_¡ `ep®hfZ

d„Ópge_u d„S|>fu g¡hp `f R|>V$R>pV$

L$¡qÞÖe `ep®hfZ d„Ópge Üpfp 1f S|>__p fp¡S> Qu_ kudp `f

rhr_dp®Z_p L$pep£ dpV$¡ fnp d„Ópge_¡ d„S|>fu g¡hpdp„\u dyqL$s

Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ kudpn¡Ó_p 100 qL$gp¡duV$f_p v$pefpdp„

kX$L$ A_¡ kyfnp d„Ópge_u rhr_dp®Z ep¡S>_pAp¡ dpV$¡ li¡.

kudp `f Qu__u h^u fl¡gu Nrsrhr^Ap¡_¡ gndp„ fpMu_¡ kX$L$

_¡V$hL®$ rhL$kphu_¡ S>ê$fu kf„Åd_u ìehõ\p L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap

r_Z®e \ep¡ R>¡.

v$¡icfdp„ k¡hp\u k„b„r^s rhrcÞ_ rhcpNp¡dp„ k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$p¡_u afuepv$p¡, AfÆAp¡_u ÅZL$pfu, s¡d_u hs®dp_ qõ\rs rhj¡

ÅZL$pfu Ap`sy s\p k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$p¡ A_¡ s¡d_p `qfS>_p¡_u afuepv$p¡ BÞV$f_¡V$_p dpÂed Üpfp k„b„r^s rhcpNp¡_¡ `lp¢QpX$u iL$¡

s¡hy "k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$ aqfepv$ kdp^p_ `p¡V®$g'cpfsue k¡_p Üpfp ` S|>__p fp¡S> Åfu L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

BÞV$f_¡V$ Ap^pqfs Ap `p¡V®$g_¡ _¡i_g BÞap¡d£qV$L$k k¡ÞV$f (A¡_.ApB.ku.)A¡ qX$TpB_ A_¡ rhL$rks L$ey® R>¡. k¡hp r_h©s k¥q_L$

rhi¡j "e|S>f ApB.X$u.' A_¡ `pkhX®$ Üpfp Ap `p¡V®$gdp„\u k¡_p dpV$¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu rhrcÞ_ ep¡S>_pAp¡_u ÅZL$pfu d¡mhu iL$i¡. Ap

`p¡V®$gdp„ A¡L$ õhQprgs S>hpb ìehõ\p (Ap¡V$p¡d¡V$¡X$ qfõ`p¢k auQf)dp„ `Z kdprls R>¡. S>¡ kde kde `f k¡hp q_h©Ñ k¥r_L$p¡_¡ s¡d_u

afuepv$p¡ A_¡ AV$L$¡gp dpdgpAp¡_u hs®dp_ qõ\rs rhj¡ B-d¡Bg A_¡ dp¡bpBg `f k„v$¡i Ap`u_¡ k|rQs L$fi¡.

cpfs v$¡i_p fpô2$ue `iy hpO_p k„fnZ dpV$¡$ DÑfâv$¡i f01fdp„ rbS>_p¡f rS>ëgp_y„ "Adp_NY$' fpS>e_y„ buSy> V$pBNf

kfL$pf¡ fpô2$ue hpO k„fnZ Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u (A¡_.V$u.ku.A¡.)_p qfTh® Op¡rjs \ey lsy.

A_ydp¡v_$ bpv$ 13 S|__p fp¡S> "`ugucus'_¡ V$pBNf qfTh®_p¡ `ugucus V$pBNf qfTh® : v$fÄÅ¡ âv$p_ L$ep£ R>¡. S>¡ lh¡ DÑfâv$¡i_y„ ÓuSy> A_¡ DÑfâv$¡i_p `ugucus V$pBNf qfTh®_y„ Ly$g v$¡i_y„ 4`d„y V$pBNf qfTh® b_u Ney R>¡. V$pBV$f n¡Óam 73,0f4.98 l¡L$V$f R>¡. S>¡dp„ 60,f79.8 rfTh®_p¡ v$fˆp¡$ dmhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ lh¡ hpO dpV$¡ l¡L$V$f "L$p¡f A¡qfep' (dy¿en¡Ó) A_¡ _yL$ip_L$pfL$ Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f ârsb„^ iL$e b_i¡. 1f74`.18 l¡L$V$f "baf Tp¡_' (bpùen¡Ó) R>¡. `y›$c|rd :: cpfs-_¡`pm kudp `f Aph¡gp `ugucus V$pBNf

V$pBNf qfTh®_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ A`phhp dpV$¡ qfTh®dp„ B.k.f010_u NZsfu âdpZ¡ (118

DÑfâv$¡i_u kfL$pf¡ `ugucus_p k„frns h_ n¡Ó_¡ S>¡V$gp hpO kdN° DÑfâv$¡idp„ _p¡„^pep lsp.) Ly$g

a¡b°yApfu f014dp„ cpfsue hÞe Æh k„fnZ 30 hpO _p¢^pep lsp.

Ar^r_ed_u ^pfp-18 A„sN®s hÞeÆh rhlpf hpO krls Ap h_dp„ bpfrk„Np, b„Npm

Op¡rjs L$fu_¡ V$pBNf qfTh® b_phhp_p¡ âõsph agp¡qfL$_, lp ̧N X$uef, qv$`X$p S>¡hp gyáâpe \hp

fpô2$ue hpO k„fnZ Ar^r_ed_u ^pfp 38 (hu) Aph¡gp hÞe Æh Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

A„sN®s V$pBNf rfTh® Op¡rjs L$fu_¡ s¡_u Ar^k|Q_p Åfu L$fu lsu. `ugucus_p V$pBNf qfTh® b_hp kp\¡ sfpB (`ròd¡

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, DÑfâv$¡i_p "vy$^hp' _¡ B.k.1987dp„ `ugucus\u gB_¡ `|h®dp„ bgfpd`yf ky^u sfpB_p rS>ëgp)dp„

fpS>e_y„ â\d V$pBNf qfTh® Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. bpv$dp„ hj® hpO_p k„fnZ A_¡ h„ih©rÂ^_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ dmi¡.

"`ugucus' v$¡i_y„ 4`dy„ V$pBNf qfTh®

Aghf, d¡fW$ A_¡ `p_u`s

dpV$¡ f¥r`X$ f¡g tgL$_¡ d„S|>fu

qv$ëlu_p D`fpS>e`pg _Æb S„>N¡ 11 S|>__p fp¡S> Aghf, `pZu`s A_¡ d¡fW$ dpV$¡_u f¡r`X$ f¡g

tgL$_¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u R>¡. s¡ f¥r`X$ f¡g tgL$ L$¡ n¡Óue f¥r`X$ V2$p„rS>V$ rkõV$d (Apf.Apf.V$u.A¡d.) `qfep¡S>_p

lpBõ`uX$ V2$¡_p¡_p dpÂed\u fpô2$ue fpS>^p_u n¡Ó_¡ Å¡X$u_¡ lpB õ`uX$ V2$¡_p¡ 60 qL$.du. ârs L$gpL$_u TX$`¡

v$p¡X$i¡.

(1) qv$ëlu d¡fW$ L$p¡qfX$p ̧f Ap_„v$ rhlpf A_¡ klpe L$pg¡ Mp„ \B_¡ 5kpf \i¡ s¡ qv$ëlu d¡V2$p¡ f¡g r_Nd

Üpfp kdr\®s \i¡. A_¡ 90 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf v|$f L$f i¡.

(f) qv$ëlu `pZu`s L$p¡qfX$p¡f 111 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf L$p`u_¡ L$pídufu N¡V$ ky^u li¡.

(3) qv$ëlu Aghf L$p¡qfX$p¡f 180 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf L$p`u_¡ NyX$Np„h ky^u S>i¡.

ÓZ¡ L$p¡qfX$p¡f `f õV$¡i_p¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep 48 S>¡V$gu R>¡. qv$ëludp„ L$p¡qfX$p ̧f_u Ly$g g„bpB 70.7 qL$gp¡duV$f

R>¡. qv$ëludp„ Ly$g 11 õV$¡i_ li¡. S>¡dp„ Ap_„v$ rhlpf, kfpe L$pg¡Mp„, L$pídufu N¡V$, dyL$pfbp Qp¡L$, _f¡gp,

_hu qv$ëlu f¡gh¡ õV$¡i_ ^¥pgpLy$hp, drl`pg`yf kdprhô$ R>¡.

`qfep¡S>_p_p¡ Ly$g MQ® 7f,1f0 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ dpV$¡ Qpf¡ fpS>e qv$ëlu, lqfepZp, DÑfâv$¡i A_¡

fpS>õ\p_ ep¡Nv$p_ dpV$¡ klds \ep R>¡.

`qfep¡S>_p_u ÓZ L$p¡qfX$p¡f

Qu__p rhv$¡i d„Óu hp„Q Qu lsu.

8/9 S|>_ v$frdep_ cpfs_p kyódp õhfpS> kp\¡ QQp®_p¡

â h p k ¡ k p s k v$ õ e p ¡ _ p rhje qÜ`rne k„b„^p¡_p rhõspf

ârsr_q^d„X$m kp\¡ Apìep lsp. dpV$¡ S>ê$fu ê$`¡ A¡L$buÅ_u

s¡d_p âhpk_p¡ l¡sy cpfs_u _h k„h¡v$_iugsp A_¡ ApL$p„npAp¡_¡

fQus dp¡v$u kfL$pf kp\¡ kÞdp_ Ap`hy s\p L$¥gpk dp_

Ly$V$_ursL$ k„`L®$ õ\pr`s L$fhp_p¡ kfp¡hf epÓp, cpfs-Qu__p

lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ 9 S>|_¡ fpô2$`rs s\p kp„õL©$rsL$ k„`L$p®¡_¡ dS>b|su âv$p_

hX$pâ^p_ kp\¡ dygpL$ps L$fu L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡.

Qu__p rhv$¡i d

„

Óu hp

„

N Qu cpfs_u dygpL$ps

¡

rkqL$L$d fpS>e_u `h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN kfL$pf Üpfp 9 S|>__p fp¡S> Nfubu

f¡Mp\u _uQ¡ (bu.`u.A¡g.) fl¡gp gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ kfL$pfu _p¡L$fu dpV$¡ 1f % A_pds_u

Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. fpS>e kfL$pf_u v$f¡L$ _p¡L$fuAp¡ s\p kph®S>r_L$ n¡Ó_p

D`3⁄4$dp¡dp„ Nfubu f¡Mp\u _uQ¡ fl¡gp Dd¡v$hpfp¡_¡ A_pds_p¡ gpc dmi¡. Ap

ApfnZ r_ed rkqL$L$d d|©m_p v$f¡L$ ìeqL$sAp¡ `f syf„s âcph\u gpN| L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rkqL$L$ddp„ dpÓ 8 % ìeqL$s Nfubu f¡Mp\u _uQ¡_p R>¡.

fpS>ecfdp„ s¡_u k„¿ep ``,000 S>¡V$gu R>¡.

Ly$X$_Ly$gd AÏàgp„V$ 8 S|>__p fp¡S> 1000 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu `¡v$p L$f_pf cpfs_p¡ â\d àgp„V$ b_u

Nep¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ â\d A¡L$d `p¡sp_u `|Z® ndsp ky^u `lp¢Qu Ney R>¡. Ap `l¡gp NyS>fps_y„ V$pV$p dy„Öp

`qfep¡S>_p 800 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu ndsp kp\¡ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ A¡L$g DÐ`pv$_ A¡L$d lsy.

1000 d¡Nphp ̧V$ rhS>mu `¡v$p L$f_pf

Ly$X$_Ly$gd cpfs_p¡ â\d AÏàgpÞV$ bÞep¡

bu.`u.A¡g. dpV$¡ rkqL$L$ddp„

kfL$pfu _p¡L$fudp„ 1f % A_pds

lh¡ "Açdp apd®ku'

srdg_pXy$_u S>egrgsp kfL$pf Üpfp NyZhÑp eyL$s

v$hpAp¡ d|m qL„ds L$fsp 10 % Ap¡R>p cph¡\u h¡Qhp dpV$¡ f6

Sy>_\u "Açdp apd®ku (Açdp dê„$^pNd) _p¡ `°pf„c \ep¡ R>¡.

S>¡ A„sN®s kps rS>ëgpdp„ 10 S>¡V$gu Açdp apd®kuAp¡_„y

Dv$1OpV$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. dy¿ed„ÓuA¡ krQhpgedp„\u

huqX$ep¡ k¡ÞV$f L$p¢afÞk_p dpÂed\u Q¡Þ_B, Bfp¡X$, k¡gd,

aX$1X$pgp¡f, dvy$fpB, rihN„Np A_¡ rhf$^y_Nf rS>‰pdp„ Ap

apd®kuAp¡ iê$ \B R>¡. Ap Açdp d¡qX$L$g vy$L$p_p¡ bk õV$¡ÞX$

rS>ëgp dy¿epgep¡ S>¡hp cfQL$ õ\_p¡ `f õ\pr`s \B R>¡.

s¡dS> BdfS>Þku v$hpAp¡_u kyfnp dpV$¡ L$p¡ëX$ õV$p¡f¡S>

kyrh^pAp¡ `Z Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Page 3 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 3

_hu_sd V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ S>¡d L$¡ dp¡bpBg,

A¡k.A¡d.A¡k. a¡kbyL$, hp¡V$1kA¡`, õL$pe`,

g¡`V$p¡`, huqX$ep¡ L$p¡tgN S>¡hu k„Qpf k¡hpAp¡_¡ kpd¡g

L$fu_¡ kudp kyfnp v$m (bu.A¡k.A¡a.)_u `„Åb

ä„qV$ef Üpfp v|$f_p A„sfuepm rhõspfp¡dp„ afS>fs

S>hp_p¡ dpV$¡ rQqL$ÐkL$ A_¡ `¡fpd¡qX$L$g L$d®Qpfu kp\¡

k„`L®$ L$fu_¡ Apfp¡Áe `fpdi® L$fu iL$pe s¡hu

"V$¡gud¡qX$ku_ `qfep¡S>_p' f3 S|>_¡ âpf„c L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡.

dyëgp `

¡qfepf b

„

^_u kyfnp-v$¡

Mf¡

M `f rhQpf L$fhp krdrs_ufQ_p_

¡

d

„

S|>fu

dyëgp `¡rfepf b„^_u kyfnp A_¡ v$¡Mf¡M k„b„r^s dpdgpAp¡ `f rhQpf L$fhp dpV$¡ ÓZ kv$õep¡_u v$¡Mf¡M krdrs_u fQ_p L$fhp

dpV$¡ L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu d„X$m¡ 18 S|>_¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u R>¡. ÓZ kv$õep¡_u v$¡Mf¡M krdrs_p AÂen L$¡qÞÖe S>m Apep¡N_p hqf›$ Ar^L$pfu li¡

s\p A¡L$ kv$õe srdg_pXy$ A_¡ A¡L$ kv$õe L$¡fm_p li¡.

S>mpie_y„ `|Z® õsf 14f ayV$ ky^u h^pfhp

kyr_[òs L$fi¡ A_¡ 100 hj®\u h^y S|>_p Ap b„^_u

kyfnp bpbsp¡ `f rhQpf L$fi¡.

krdrs_y„ L$pe® ::-

dyëgp `¡qfepf b„^

B.k.1887-9` hÃQ¡ rb°qV$i kfL$pf Üpfp L$¡fm fpS>edp„

`¡fuepf _v$u `f fpS>e_p `[òd OpV$_p L$pfX$p¡dpk rlëk_p BXy$L$L$u

rS>ëgpdp„ kdyÖ sm\u 881 duV$f_u JQpBA¡ `f dyëgp `¡rfepf

b„^_y„ r_dp®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. S>¡ hs®dp_ kde¡ srdg_pXy$ A_¡

L$¡fm fpS>e hÃQ¡ rhhpv$_p¡ rhje bÞep¡ R>¡.

"V$¡

gud

¡qX$rk_ `qfep

¡S>_p'

cpfs v$¡i_p Ágp¡bg A¡X$ëV$ V$p ̧b¡L$p¡ kh£ (Æ.A¡k.V$u.A¡k. BqÞX$ep) dyS>b f7.` L$fp¡X$ gp¡L$p¡

sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$f¡ R>¡. L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `qfhpf L$ëepZ d„Ópge Üpfp sdpL|$_p k¡h__¡

L$pfZ¡ Apfp¡Áe A_¡ Apr\®L$ qõ\rs `f `X$sp âcphp¡_¡ DÅNf L$fhp Qpf rdr_V$_p¡ huqX$ep¡

rhop`_ "^ âpBT hu `¡' Åfu L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

Ap huqX$ep¡dp„ gp¡L$p¡ A_¡ s¡d_p Æh_ `f sdpL|$ k¡h__¡ L$pfZ¡ `X$sp âcphp¡_¡ V$pV$p d¡dp¡qfeg

lp¡qõ`V$g_p L$¡Þkf hp¡X®$dp„ sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$fsp v$v$}Ap¡ A_¡ \su d©Ðey_u cep_L$sp rhj¡ qhõspf\u

S>Zphhpdp Apìey R>¡. s¡dS> sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$f_pf rhi¡j `uqX$sp¡_p¡ kpnpÐL$pf `Z L$fphhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ s¡d_p `qfhpf_p gp¡L$p¡_u ipfuqfL$ Apr\®L$ õsf¡ \e¡gu `f¡ip_uAp¡_¡ DÅNf

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ap huqX$ep¡_¡ rhð a¡akp apDÞX$¡i_ (hëX®$ g„Ák apD„X$¡i_)_u sL$_uL$u klpe hX$¡

s\p sdpL|$ DÐ`pv$_p¡ `f V$¡L$k h^pfu_¡ s¡_p h`fpi dpV$¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ lsp¡Ðkpl L$fsp

l¡qgk_p klep¡N\u b_phhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>dp„ N°pauL$_u dv$v$\u Apfp¡Áe

Q¡shZuAp¡ s\p DÃQ sdpL|$ V$¡L$k Üpfp L$X$L$ sdpL|$ r_e„ÓZ

_ursAp¡_p q3⁄4$epÞhe__p dpdgpAp¡_¡ `Z v$ip®hpep R>¡.

"^ âpBT hu `¡' L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_y„ sdpL|$ rhfp¡^u rhop`_

â\d k„d¡g_ a¡b°yApfu 2015dp„ k„d¡g__u \ud : N°¡V$ dp¥kd Ap ̧a gr_ ̄N : _p¡g¡S> kp¡kpeV$uT

A¡ÞX$ ^ d¡qL„$N Ap ̧a ^ BqÞX$e_ Ap¡kue_ fuS>_'

"âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_y„ â\d Ap„sffpô2$ue k„d¡g_ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ a¡b°yApfu f01`dp„ Apep¡rS>s \i¡. S>¡dp„ fpô2$ue A_¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue ip¡^ cpNuv$pf A_¡ klep¡Nu cpN g¡i¡.

L$¡qÞÖe k„õL©$rs d„Ópge_p krQh fhuÞÖtkl Üpfp kp¥ â\dhpf "âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âõsph Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡

lsp¡. S>¡ _p¡X$g kdÞhe A¡S>Þku_p ê$`¡ k„õL©$qs d„Ópge kp\¡ BqÞv$fp Np„^u fpô2$ue L$gp L$¡ÞÖ, _hu rv$ëlu_u A¡L$

`l¡g ê$`¡ R>¡.

Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy kdyÖu kp„õL©$rsL$ dpNp¡®, kdyÖu kp„õL©$rsL$ `qfÖíe A_¡ dpN® `f ìep`L$ X$¡V$pb¡T A_¡

e|_¡õL$p¡ h¡b àg¡V$ap¡d® b_phhy A_¡ \ud Üpfp e|_¡õL$p¡_u AÞe kp„õL©$rsL$ `f„`fpAp¡_¡ rhð rhfpks k„d¡g_ kp\¡

Å¡X$hp_p¡ R>¡.

"âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âepk b¡ õsf¡ `p¡sp_¡ õ\pr`s L$fhp_p¡ R>¡ (1) kp„õL©$rsL$ d|ëep¡ A_¡ rhQpfp¡_¡ kdS>hp dpV$¡

dv$v$ L$fu iL$¡ s¡ dpV$¡ dp¡V$p `pe¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$_p¡ l¡sy rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_u vy$r_ep v$¡ip¡_u hÃQ¡ k„Qpf\u Å¡X$pZ (f) _p_p

â`pe¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$_y„ ap¡L$k fpô2$ue k„õL©$rsAp¡ A_¡ s¡d_p n¡Óue kdyÖu `qfhs®__¡ kdS>hp_y R>¡.

p¡

S>¡

L$V$ dp¥

k

d

V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®_p¡ ÆZp£Â^pf dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf L$fi¡

cpfsue DÃQpep¡N, õ\p_ue cpfsue kd|v$pe, v$rnZ ApräL$p kfL$pf¡ kp\¡ dmu_¡ f0 Sy>gpB

f014Þpp fp¡S> V$p ̧gõV$p¡e apd®dp„\u `|.Np„^uÆ_p v$rnZ ApräL$p\u cpfs `f afhp_p 100 hj® `|Z®

\hp_p D`gÿedp„ A¡L$ kdpfp¡l_y„ Apep¡S>_ \i¡. s¡dS> apd®dp„ õ\p_ue kpdyv$preL$ k„NW$_p¡_p kd|l

Üpfp rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aph_pf "NpX®$_ Ap ̧a qfd¢bfk'_u õ\p`_p_u `qfep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps `Z Ap

qv$hk¡ \i¡.

cpfs_p fpô2$q`sp `|.dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ S>¡_p g¡M_\u b¡lv$ âcprhs lsp, s¡ frie_

g¡ML$ rgep¡ V$p ̧gõV$p ̧e_p _pd `f\u _pd `pd¡gp V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®_u õ\p`_p `|.bp`yA¡

B.k.1910dp„ v$rnZ ApräL$p Mps¡ L$fu lsu. 1100 A¡L$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gp Ap apd®_¡ s¡d_p

rdÓ lfd_ L$¥g¡_b¡L$¡ v$p_dp„ Apàey lsy.

Ap apd®dp„\u `|.dlpÐdp Np„^uÆA¡ `p¡sp_p¡ â\d kÐepN°l iê$ L$ep£ lsp¡. A¡ rkhpe

`|.bp`y_p kÐepN°l_p rkÂ^p„sp¡A¡ sÐL$pgu_ v$rnZ-ApräL$p_p AÞepe`|Z® A_¡ _õghpv$u

ipk_ kpd¡ gX$hp ^¡e®hp_ rhfp¡^u kdyv$pe_u dv$v$ L$fu lsu. ^¡e®hp_ rhfp¡^u kd|v$pedp„

rhrcÞ_ `©›$c|rdAp¡, ÅrsAp¡, ^d®_p gp¡L$p¡ apd®dp„ lmudmu_¡ fl¡sp lsp.

V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®

V$p¡gõV$p ̧e apd®_p ÆZp®¡Â^pf dpV$¡ dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf¡ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$_u fL$d apmhhp_u

Op¡jZp 10 S|>_¡ L$fu lsu. Ap Op¡jZp dy¿ed„Óu rihfpS>rk„l Qp¥lpZ¡ Å¡lp„kbN®_p

`qfÐeL$s rhõspf S>¡_u dprgL$u A¡L$ HV$ b_ph_pf L„$`_u `pk¡ R>¡, s¡_u epÓp v$frdep_ L$fu

lsu.

ÆZp®¡Â^pf dpV$¡ dÂeâv$¡i_u dv$v$

L$¡qÞÖe v|$f k„Qpf Apep¡N¡ v$¡icfdp„ `|Z® dp¡bpBg _„bf

`p¡V$£rbguV$u_¡ 13 S|>__p fp¡S> k¥Â^p„rsL$ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu R>¡. S>¡

A„sN®s dp¡bpBg N°plL$ v$¡idp„ L$ep„e `Z `p¡sp_p¡ _„bf e\phs

fpMu_¡ dp¡bpBg Ap¡`f¡Vf$ bv$gu iL$i¡.

`|Z® dp¡bpBg _„bf `p¡V$£rbrgV$u_¡ k¥Â^p„qsL$ d„S|>fu

dÂeâv$¡i kfLpf¡ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> _d®v$p-dpmhp-N„cuf

tgL$ `qfep¡S>_p (A¡_.A¡d.Æ.A¡g.`u.)_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu R>¡.

cp¡`pg Mps¡ dy¿ed„Óu rihfpS>tkl Qp¥lpZ_u AÂensp

^fphsp _d®v$p r_e„ÓZ d„X$m_u b¡W$L$dp„ Ap ep¡S>_p krls

f143 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gu fL$d_u _v$u Å¡X$p¡ `qfep¡S>_p_¡ õhuL©$rs

Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

_d®v$p-dpmhp-N„cuf `qfep¡S>_p dÂeâv$¡i_p BÞv$p¡f,

Dˆ$¥_ rS>ëgpdp„ 1`8 Npdp¡_¡ tkQpB kyrh^p A_¡ v$¡i_u Ly$g

`0,000 l¡L$V$f c|rd_¡ kyrh^p Ap`i¡. s¡dS> dpmhp n¡Ó_¡

cyNc® S>m õsf A_¡ `uhp_p `pZu_u s„Nu Ap¡R>u L$fhp A_¡

âõsprhs L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf¡ _d®v$p- dpmhp-N„cuf tgL$

`qfep¡S>_p_¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u

dlpfpô2$ rh^p_kcp Üpfp X$p„kbpf `f `|Z®

ârsb„^ gNphsy rh^¡eL$ `kpf

dlpfpô2$ rh^p_kcp Üpfp 13 S|>__p fp¡S> X$p„kbpf r_j¡^

Ar^r_eddp„ k„ip¡^_ L$fsp rh^¡eL$_¡ d„S|>fu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ap k„ip¡^_dp„ X$p„kbpfp¡_y„ gpekÞk fv$ L$fu_¡ \°u õV$pf A_¡

apBh õV$pf lp¡V$gp¡dp„ X$p„k âv$i®_ `f fp¡L$ gNphpB R>¡. Å¡ L¡, s¡dp„

`bdp„ ep¡Åsp `pqfhpfuL$ kdpfp¡l, qX$õL$p¡ \¡L$, Ap ̧fL$¡õV2$p `pV$}dp„

\sp X$p„k `f L„B S>Zphpey _\u.

Ap k„ip¡^__p c„N bv$g lp¡V$g_u `frdV$ fv$ L$fhp kp\¡

Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u ÓZ dpk\u h^ydp„h^y `p„Q hj® ky^u S>¡g_u

kÅ_u Å¡NhpB s\p A¡L$ gpM\u gB_¡ `p„Q gpM ky^u_p v„$X$_u

Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

L$¡qÞÖe k„õL©$rs d„Ópge Üpfp "dp¥kd `qfep¡S>_p' _u iê$Aps

bly Apepdu rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_u vy$r_ep_u dprlsu d¡mhhp A_¡ s¡_u kp„õL©$rsL,$

hpZurS>eL,$ ^prd®L$ rhrh^sp `f$ `yfpspqÐhL$ A_¡ A¥qslprkL$ qfQk® L$fhp L$sf_p v$p¡lp

Mps¡ f0 S|>_¡ rhð rhfpks krdrs_p 38dp„ kÓdp„ "âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âpf„c L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡.

L$¡qÞÖe k„õL©$rs d„Ópge_p Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡ krls Qu_, Bfp_, çep„dpf, k„eyL$s

Apfb Ardfps A_¡ rhA¡s_pd S>¡hp v$¡ip¡_p fpS>v|$sp¡A¡ `Z M|b S> JX$u ê$Qu v$ip®hu lsu.

Page 4 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 4

kfL$pf Üpfp dpÞesp d¡mh¡gp A_¡ dyqõgd

kdyv$pe_u kph®S>r_L$ õ\peu `qfkç`rsAp¡_u r_epdL$

A_¡ r_e„ÓL$ k„õ\p hL$a bp¡X®$ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

dÂeâv$¡i fpS>e_p hL$a bp¡X®$_p kv$õe `v$¡ fl¡gp

_Tdp l¡`syëgp_¡ L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu d„X$mdp„ gOydsu

dpdgp_p d„Ópgedp„ d„Óu `v$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp

s¡dZ¡ 13 S|>_¡ hL$a bp¡X®$dp„\u fpÆ_pdy Apàey R>¡.

DÑfpM„X$ kfL$pf_u L$¡rb_¡V$¡ ` S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> dy¿ed„Óu

lfui fphs_u L$p¢N°¡k kfL$pf Üpfp "qL$kp_ âp¡ÐkplL$ `¢i_

ep¡S>_p' _¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu lsu. Ap ep¡S>_p 1` Ap ̧Nô$ f014

\u iê$ \i¡.

Ap ep¡S>_p A„sN®s fpS>edp„ l¡L$V$f c|rd `f M¡su L$f_pf

qL$kp_p¡_¡ 800 ê$q`ep ârs dpk `¢i_ Ap`hp_u Å¡NhpB R>¡. Ap

âL$pf_u ep¡S>_p gph_pf DÑfpM„X$ fpS>e v$¡i_„y â\d fpS>e R>¡.

"qL$kp_ âp¡ÐkplL$ `¢i_

ep¡S>_p' -DÑfpM„X$

kfL$pf_u d„S|>fu

X$p ̧._Tdp l¡`syëgp_y„

dÂeâv$¡i fpS>e hL$a

bp¡X®$dp„\u fpÆ_pdy

`.b„Npm_u kfL$pf¡ f0 S|>__p fp¡S> rh^p_kcpdp„ S>g`pB NyX$u

rSëgp_y„ rhcpS>_ L$fu_¡ Agu`yfÜpf _pd_p rS>ëgp_u fQ_p L$fhp_p¡

r_Z®e gu^p¡ R>¡. S>¡ f` S|>_¡ AqõsÐhdp„ Aphhp_u kp\¡ `„.b„Npmdp„ Ly$g

rS>ëgp_u k„¿ep f0 S>¡V$gu \B NB R>¡.

L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp 19 S|>_¡ 6 S>¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z®

krdrsAp¡_y„ `y_N®W$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. 4

L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrs_y„ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p A_¡ bpL$u_u b¡

krdrs_y„ N©lâ^p_ fpS>_p\tkl_u AÂenspdp„

NW$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Qpf L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrs kyfnp,

fpS>_ursL$ dpdgp, Apr\®L$ dpdgp, d„Óu d„X$gue

r_e|qL$s_p AÂen `v$¡ s\p fpS_p\tkl k„kv$ue

L$pe® A_¡ Aphpk NW$_ krdrs_p AÂen fl¡i¡.

L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp 6

L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrsAp¡_y„

`y_N®W$_

.bN m N p r Æs `

„

p _p¡ S>g`pB yX$u rS>ëg ¡ hcp

friep_p D` hX$pâ^p_

rv$rdÓu Ap¡ fp¡Np¡rS>__p¡

cpfs âhpk

friep_p D` hX$pâ^p_ qv$qdÓu Ap¡ fp¡Np¡qS>_ cpfs_u b¡

qv$hkue epÓp `f 18 S|>_¡ dygpL$ps¡ Apìep lsp. s¡dZ¡

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u A_¡ rhv$¡i d„Óu kyjdp õhfpS> kp\¡

dygpL$ps L$fu lsu.

dlpfpô2$ fpS>edp„ `R>ps`Zp_p Ap^pf¡ _l] L$¡ ^d®_p Ap^pf¡

dfpW$p_¡ 16% A_¡ dyqõgdp¡_¡ ` % S>¡V$gu A_pds rinZ

k„õ\pAp¡dp„ Ap`hp dpV$¡ fpS>ed„Óu d„X$m Üpfp f6 S|>_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap a¢kgp¡ dykgdp_p¡_p kpdprS>L$ A_¡ i¥nrZL$

A_¡ Apr\®L$ `R>ps`Zp_p Ap^pf¡ b_¡gu kÃQf krdrs A_¡ f„N_p\

rdîp Apep¡N_u cgpdZ_p Ap^pf¡ g¡hpep¡ R>¡.

b_¡ kdyv$pep¡_u fpS>edp„ Ly$g hksu 111 rdgue_ S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡dp„

dfpW$p 3f % A_¡ dyqõgd ` % S>¡V$gu R>¡.

àB.k.f007dp„ Ap„^°âv$¡i fpS>e dykgdp_p¡_¡ 4 % A_pds

Ap`_pf â\d fpS>e bÞey lsy. Å¡ L$¡ bpv$dp„ lpBL$p¡V$£ A¡hy S>Zphu_¡

A_pds r_fõs L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡ Ap âL$pf_u A_pds_¡ L$pfZ¡

k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 14, 1`(1) A_¡ 16(f) Dëg„O_ \pe R>¡.

B.k.199fdp„ kyrâd L$p¡V®$_u k„rh^p_ `uW$¡ d„X$g Apep¡N

Üpfp Ap¡.bu.ku._¡ âv$p_ \sp ApfnZ_u cgpdZp¡_¡ k„h¡^pr_L$ ê$`¡

ep¡Áe S>Zphu_¡ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u A_pds dpV$¡ Ly$g `0% _u Ar^L$sd

kudp r_^p®fus L$fu lsu.

à `0 % A_pds_u kudp r_^p®qfs L$fhp R>sp L$¡V$gpL$ fpS>ep¡ h^y

ApfnZ Ap`u füp R>¡. S>¡dp„ Ap„^°âv$¡i 83 %, srdg_pXy$dp„ 69 %

S>¡V$gy ApfnZ R>¡.

àdlpfpô2$ fpS>edp„ hj® f004dp„ qhgpkfph v$¡idyM_u kfL$pf hMs¡

kp¥ â\dhpf dyqõgd A_pds_u dp„N DW$u lsu.

àhs®dp_ kfL$pf¡ dyqõgd/dfpW$pAp¡_¡ Ap`¡gu A_pds kpd¡ kyrâd

L$p¡V®$dp„ `X$L$pf Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. Lp$fZ L$¡, kyâud L$p¡V®$ Üpfp r_^p®qfs

`0 % A_pds_u kudp_p¡ c„N \pe R>¡.

dlpfpô2$dp„ dfpW$p_¡ 1` %,

dyqõgdp¡_¡ ` % A_pds

dy[õgd A_pds rhj¡ ÅZhp S>¡hy :

Dcfu Aphu R>¡. B.`u.ku. n¡Ó `pk¡ Ap¡Bg A_¡ N¡k

`¡V2$p¡L$¡rdL$ëk, M__ A_¡ ^psy rhop_, Dh®fL$ rhS>mu

A_¡ byr_epv$u dpmMp n¡Ó¡ rhrh^ `p¡V®$ap¡rgep¡_u

`qfep¡S>_pAp¡ R>¡.

_hfÐ_ v$fˆ$p¡ âpá L$fhp dpV$¡_p dp`v„$X$

- `pR>gp `p„Q hj®dp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p ÓZ DÐL©$ô$ L$¡ M|b

S> kpfp d¡dp¡f¢X$d A ̧a A„X$f õV¡qÞX„$$N

- A_yk|rQ A¡ A_¡ rdr_fÐ_ î¡Zu-1 _p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ lp¡hp¡.

- `pR>gp ÓZ hj®_p âv$i®_ `f 100 A„L$dp„\u 60 L$¡

s¡_p\u h^y A¡L$ L$¡, q_çdguqMs v$nsp dp`v„$X$ `f âpá

\ep lp¡e.

(1) _¡V$h\® `f iyÂ^ gpc

(f) DÐ`pv$_ A_¡ k¡hp `f dp_hîd MQ®

(3) r_ep¡rS>s `|„Æ õhê$`¡ kL$g dprS®>_

(4) V$_®Ap¡hf ê$`¡ kL$g gpc

(`) âqs i¡f AphL$

(6) _¡V$h\® `f iyÂ^ gpc `f Ap^pqfs

A„sfn¡Óue syg_p

fpô2$ue ch_ q_dp®Z r_Nd A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ek®

HqX$ep rgrdV$¡X$_¡ _hfÐ__p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ \ep¡

cpf¡ DÛp¡N A_¡ kph®S>r_L$ d„Ópge_¡ Apr^_ kph®S>r_L$

D`3⁄4$d rhcpN Üpfp _pZp„ A_¡ k„Qpg_ õhpesÑp h^pfhp

dpV$¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp f4 S|>_¡ fpô2$ue ch_ r_dp®Z r_Nd

(A¡_.bu.ku.ku.) A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ek® BqÞX$ep rgrdV$¡X$

(B.ApB.A¡g.)_¡ _hfÐ_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ \ep¡ R>¡. _hfÐ_p¡

v$fˆ$p¡ dmhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ L„$`_uAp¡_¡ L$¡V$guL$ ep¡S>_pAp¡ dpV$¡

r_Z®e g¡hpdp„ Ry>V$R>pV$ dm¡ R>¡.

fpô2$ue ch_ q_dp®Z r_Nd

(A¡_.bu.ku.ku.)

cpfs A_¡ rhv$¡ip¡dp„ rhrh^ âL©$rs, S>qV$gspAp¡ A_¡

kpdprS>L$, fpS>_ursL$ cp¥Np¡rgL$ õ\p_p¡ `f rkrhg

A¡qÞS>r_ef]N r_dp®Z k¡hp âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. A¡_.bu.ku.ku.

byr_epv$u dpmMp n¡Ódp„ `Z kq3⁄4$e füy R>¡. S>¡dp„ rQd_u,

L|$tgN V$phf A_¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p âL$pf_p DÅ® àgp„V$p¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu

`qfep¡S>_p_y„ L$pe® L$ey® R>¡.

A¡qÞS>r_ek® HqX$ep rgrdV$¡X$

(B.ApB.A¡g.)

cpfs_u dy¿e A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N `fpdi®v$psp L„$`_u sfuL$¡

cpfsue rhop_ k„õ\p_ (BqÞX$e_ BqÞõV$V$1e|V$$ Ap ̧a

kpeÞk) b¢Ág|ê$ s\p L$¡qÞÖe g^y A_¡ dÂed DÛed

d„Ópge hÃQ¡_p A¡d.Ap¡. e|._p am õhê$`¡ k„õ\p__p

b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡_p `qfkfdp„ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu L$gfpS>

rdîA¡ A¡L$ "DÐL©$ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ' _y„ Dv$1OpV$_ L$ey® lsy.

DÐL©ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ_y„ L$pe® :

à cpfsue rhop_ k„õ\p__p k„ip¡^_L$sp®Ap¡,

byqÂ^ÆhuAp¡, âpÂep`L$p¡_p op_ A_¡ A_|ch\u

A¡d.A¡k.A¡.B. n¡Ódp„ _hfQ_p, ârsõ`^p® A_¡

rhL$pkdp„ ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hy.

à DÛp¡Np¡_p õhv$¡iuLfZ A_¡ d|ëe A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N dpV$¡

âq3⁄4$ep A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ qX$TpB_ s\p qhL$pk dpV$¡ A¡L$ d„Q

ê$`¡ L$pe® L$fhy.

cpfsue rhop_ k„õ\p_, b¢Ág|ê$

L$Zp®V$L$_p b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ f7 d¡ 1909_p fp¡S> DÃQ

rinZ A_¡ ip¡^ n¡Ó¡ ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hpdp„ Ddv$p l¡sy\u

cpfsue rhop_ k„õ\p__u õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

k„õ\p__u õ\p`_p dpV$¡ S>di¡v$Æ V$pV$p_p klL$d} byfp¡fÆ

`pv$ipl_u c|rdL$p dlÐh`|Z® lsu. s¡dS> s¡ dpV$¡ klep¡N

Ap`_pf S>di¡v$Æ V$pV$p, õhprd rhh¡L$p_„v$ S>¡ kh®rhqv$s

riL$pNp¡ epÓpdp„ s¡d_p klep¡Nu lsp. d¥k|f_p dlpfpÅ îu

L©$óZfpS> hpX$uepf, s¡d_p dpsp A_¡ sÐL$prg_ hpBkfp¡e

gp¡X®$ L$T®_ lsp.

BqÞX$e_ BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a kpeÞk,

b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ DÐL©$ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ_u iê$Aps

DÑd âL$pf_u hrlhV$_u dp„N kp\¡ B.k.1994\u g„bpB fl¡gp \pZ¡ rS>ëgp_p rhcpS>__u bpbs_¡ dlpfpô2$ kfL$pf¡

13 S|>__p fp¡S> d„S|>fu_u dlp¡f dpfu R>¡. \pZ¡ rS>‰p_p rhcpS>__u dp„N Apd sp¡ B.k.1980_p v$kL$p_p dÂe\u \B flu

lsu. S>¡_¡ Âep_¡ gB_¡ rhcpS>_ dpV$¡ ìehlpqfL$ AÂee_ `Z L$fphpey lsy `f„sy rhcpS>__p¡ a¦kgp¡ Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f01fdp„

L$p¡L$Z k„cpNue ApeyL$s_u AÂenspd„p fQpe¡g krdrs_p Ap^pf `f \ep¡ lsp¡.

\pZ¡ rS>‰p_y„ Ap rhcpS>_ 1 Ap¡Nô$, f014 \u gpN| \i¡ A_¡ \pZ¡dp„\u AgN `X$¡gp¡ _hp¡ rSëgp¡ `pgOf dlpfpô2$_p¡

36dp¡ rSëgp¡ b_i¡. fpS>e kfL$pf¡ `pgOfdp„ dpmMpL$ue kyrh^p dpV$¡ 4`0 L$fp¡X$ âv$p_ L$fhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu R>¡.

rS>ëgp¡ Ly$g hksu kdprhô$ n¡Ó

\pZ¡ 80.`8 gpM L$ëepZ, A„bf_p\,D‰pk_Nf, dyfbpv$, iplp`yf

`pgOf 1.10 L$fp¡X$ `pgOf, S>hplf, dp¡Mpv$p, sgkpfu, hkB, hpX$p, v$lpÏ, rh3⁄4$dNY$

rhcpS>_ bpv$_u qõ\rs :

hj® f01f-f013 v$frdep_ qv$ëlu fpS>e_¡ L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s b_phhp_u ep¡S>_p_u \e¡gu

iê$Aps f„N gphu R>¡. qv$ëlu kfL$pf¡ 16 S|>_¡ L$f¡gu Op¡jZp dyS>b qv$ëlu v$¡i_y„ â\d L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s

fpS>e b_u Ney R>¡. qv$ëlu kfL$pf¡ Ap ep¡S>_p `f 6f L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ MQ® L$fu_¡ b¡ gpM `rfhpfp¡_¡ das

A¡g.`u.Æ. rkrgÞX$f, f¡Áeyg¡V$f, N¡k õV$h, kyfnp V$e|b A_¡ N¡k L$_¡L$i_ D`gå^ L$fpìep lsp.

L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s Op¡rjs \hp `l¡gp qv$ëludp„ åg| f„N_p L$¡fp¡rk__„y h¡QpZ \sy lsy. S>¡_y„ h¡QpZ A_¡

D`ep¡N lh¡ `|Z® fus¡ ârsb„r^s R>¡. R>sp L$p¡B âqsb„^_p¡ c„N L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡_p `f Bk¢rkeg L$p¡dp¡qX$V$u

A¡L$V$ 19`` A_¡ qv$ëlu L$¡fp¡ku_ Ap¡Bg L„$V2$p¡g A¡L$V$ 196f A„sN®s kMs L$pe®hplu L$fhpdp„

Aphi¡ s¡dS> qv$ëlu _Nf r_Nd Üpfp ap¡q„N„N dpV$¡ âep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aphsy ka¡v$ f„N_y„ kbqkX$u

hNf_y„ L$¡fp¡rk_ s¡g L„$`_uAp¡_p ApDV$g¡V$ `f D`gå^ R>¡.

qv$ëlu fpS>e_¡ L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s b_phhp_u ep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps f1 Ap¡Nô$ f01f_p fp¡S> L$¡qÞÖe

`¡V2$p¡rged A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k d„Ópge A_¡ ÓZ dy¿e `¡V2$p¡rged L„$`_uAp¡_p klep¡N\u \B lsu.

qv$ëludp„ ârs hj® `3,000 qL$gp¡ guV$f L$¡fp¡rk__p¡ D`ep¡N \sp¡ lsp¡. S>¡ S>ê$fuepsd„v$ `qfhpfp¡_¡ 1f.`0 ê$r`ep_p cph¡ âqs rgV$f Ap`hpd„p Apìey lsy.

S>¡_p `f 1` ê$r`ep_u kbqkX$u L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp Ap`hpdp„ Aphsu lsu. S>¡_p `f ârs hj® f00 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gu fL$d kbuqkX$u ê$`¡ MQ® \su lsu. S>¡_u lh¡

kfL$pf_¡ bQs \i¡.

cpfs_p kp

¥\u h^y hksu ^fphsp rS>ëgp \pZ¡

_p rhcpS>__

¡

dlpfpô2$ kfL$pf_u d

„

S>|fu

qv$ëlu bÞey v$¡i_y„ â\d L$¡fp¡ku_ dyL$s fpS>e

L$¡fp¡ku_ dyL$s ep¡S>_p

friep cpfs `fdpÏ v$preÐh

L$p_|_ `f klds

friep 10 S|>__p fp¡S> k¥Â^p„rsL$ fus¡ cpfsue `fdpÏ v$pqeÐh

L$p_|_ dpV$¡ klds \B Ney R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ly$X$_Ly$gd `fdpÏ rhS>mu

k„e„Ó_p ÓuÅ A_¡ Qp¡\p A¡L$d dpV$¡_u kdS|>su lõspnf dpV$¡_p¡ fõsp¡

Apkp_ \B Nep¡ R>¡.

Page 5 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 5

`|Z¡_u aÁe|®k_ L$p¡g¡S>_p Aph¡v$_ ap¡d®dp„ ÓuÅ tgN_u î¡Zu_¡ f6 S|>_¡ kpd¡g L$fu_¡ qL$Þ_fp¡_u d_psu ÓuÆ î¡Zu_p tgN

dpV$¡ Ap âL$pf¡ kyrh^p D`gå^ L$fph_pf v$¡i_u â\d L$p ̧g¡S> b_u NB R>¡. â\d hj® bu.A¡., bu.A¡k.ku. dpV$¡ AfÆ ap¡d®,

Ap ̧_gpB_ D`gå^ R>¡. S>¡dp„ ÓuÅ tgN_p¡ rhL$ë` fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p¡ a¦kgp¡ A¡râg f014dp„ kyâud L$p¡V®$ Üpfp

ÓuÆ tgN_¡ dpÞesp A`pep bpv$ g¡hpep¡ R>¡.

bp¡f hÞe Æh

AcepfÎe v$¡i_y„ 47dy„

V$pBNf qfTh® bÞey

dlpfpô2$ fpS>e_p _pN`yf A_¡ h^p®

rS>ëgp_u kudp `f Aph¡gp bp¡f hÞeÆh

AcepfÎe_¡ L$¡qÞÖe h_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ

d„Ópge Üpfp 1 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> v$¡i_p 47dp„ A_¡

dlpfpô2$_p R>Ì$p V$pBNf-qfTh® sfuL$¡

Ar^k|rQs L$ey® R>¡.

Ap r_Z®e fpô2$ue `iy_p k„fnZ dpV$¡_p

âepkp¡ h^y dS>bys b_phhp_p l¡sy\u L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, dlpfpô2$dp„ AÞe

V$pBNf qfTh® d¡gOpV$, `¢Q, sv$p¡bp, _pNÆfp,

kepÖu Aph¡gp R>¡.

`°p¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf

âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf_p¡ Dv«¡i hpO_p âS>__ dpV$¡

kyfrns A_¡ kyrh^pS>_L$ hpsphfZ

b_phhp_p¡ A_¡ hpO_u hksudp„ h^pfp¡

L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. V$pBNf qfTh® A¡L$ baf fZ_urs

A„sN®s fQhpdp„ Aphu füp R>¡. âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf

fpô2$ue hpO k„fnZ Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u Üpfp r_e„qÓs

R>¡.cpfs v$¡idp„ âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf sÐL$pgu_

hX$pâ^p_ BqÞv$fp Np„^u_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ cpfs

kfL$pf Üpfp B.k.1973dp„ gyá âpe \B fl¡gp

hpO_u âÅrsAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡ iê$ \ep¡ lsp¡.

S>¡ A„sN®s 9 V$pBNf qfTh®\u \e¡gu iê$Aps

ApS>¡ 47 S>¡V$gu k„¿epdp„ \B NB R>¡.

DÑfâv$¡i fpS>e_p `e®V$_ õ\m ApNfp, d\yfp, MS|>fplp¡,

hpfpZku A_¡ ^prd®L$ n¡Ó d\yfp, Aep¡Âep, hpfpZku A_¡

Agplpbpv$_¡ `fõ`f s\p fpS>^p_u gM_D_¡ fpS>e_p v$f¡ rS>‰p

dy¿e d\L $kp\¡ Å¡X$hp dpV$¡ fpS>e_u â\d V$¡L$ku k¡hp "hpey rdÓ'

dpV$¡ Mp_Nu n¡Ó_u L„$`_u qfhf A¡qÞS>r_ef]N âpBh¡V$ rgrdV$¡X$ kp\¡

A¡d.Ap¡.e|. `f _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ q_h¡iL$ k„d¡g_ v$frdep_ dy¿ed„Óu

ArMg¡i epv$h¡ lõspnf L$ep® lsp.

`rfep¡S>_pdp„ lhpB A¡çåeyg„k k¡hp âv$p_ L$fhp_u Å¡NhpB

`Z R>¡. s¡dS> Ap`psL$prg_ rQqL$Ðkp dpV$¡ Ap k¡hp_p¡ D`ep¡N

L$f_pf hqf›$ _pNqfL$p¡_¡ rhi¡j kyrh^p A_¡ cpX$pdp„ fpls kqls_u

Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

"hpeyrdÓ' `qfep¡S>_p iê$Apsdp„ Qpf l¡rgL$p ̧àV$fp¡ kp\¡ iê$ \i¡.

S>¡_u k„¿ep ^uf¡ ^uf¡ h^pfhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap ep¡S>_p `f 3`0 L$fp¡X$_p¡

MQ® \i¡.

DÑfâv$¡i fpS>e_u â\d lhpB V$¡L$ku k¡

hp "hpeyrdÓ' aÁe|®k_ L$p¡g¡S>_p Aph¡v$_ ap¡d®dp„ ÓuÆ tgN_u î¡Zu kpd¡g

DÑfâv$¡i_p fpS>e`pg bu.A¡g.Å¡iuA¡ 17 S|>_¡ `p¡sp_p `v$

`f\u fpÆ_pdy fpô2$`rs âZh dyMÆ®_¡ kp¢`u v$u^y lsy. s¡Ap¡ Sy>gpB

f009dp„ fpS>e`pg sfuL$¡ `v$pr^_ \ep lsp.

bu.A¡g. Å¡iu_y„ fpÆ_pdy A¡hp kde¡ Apìey R>¡ L$¡ S>epf¡ dp¡v$u

kfL$pf Üpfp ey.`u.A¡ kfL$pf Üpfp r_dZ|„L$ \e¡gp fpS>e`pg_¡

lV$phhp_u lgQg \B flu lsu.

d¡ f010çpp„ A¡k.Apf.bp¡dp_u L$¡kdp„ r_Z®e Ap`sp khp£ÃQ

Av$pgs¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, fpS>e`pg L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p L$d®Qpfu _\u

lp¡sp A¡V$g¡ kfL$pf bv$ghp kp\¡ s¡d_¡ d_dp_u fus¡ bv$gu iL$psp

_\u. Þepepge_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf L$v$pQpf L$¡ AÞe

Ar_erdssp_p Apfp¡`p¡_p Ap^pf¡ s¡d_¡ bv$ghp Å¡BA¡.

DÑfâv$¡i_p fpS>e`pg

bu.A¡g.Å¡iu_y„ fpÆ_pdy

iy„ lsp¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p¡ r_Z®e ?

"fZ_y„ S>lpS>' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpsy s\p `iy sfuL$¡

fpS>õ\p_dp„ Ak„¿e gp¡L$p¡_¡ ApÆrhL$p âv$p_ L$fsp V$_¡

buL$p_¡f Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡gu L$¡rb_¡V$ b¡W$L$dp„ kfL$pf Ap`_p Üpf¡

Arcep_ v$fçep_ 30 S|_¡ fpS>e `iy sfuL$¡ Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„

Apìey lsy.

R>¡ëgp L$¡V$gpL$ hjp£\u Ap D`ep¡Nu `iy_¡ s¡_p dpk_p

D`ep¡N, `X$p¡iu fpS>edp„ õ\mp„sf s\p bguv$p_ QX$phhp

dpV$¡ D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_u k„¿ep TX$`\u OV$u flu R>¡,

S>¡ ârs `p„Q hj® f` % _p¡ OV$pX$p¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. hj® 1997dp„

66,8,800 S>¡V$gp _p¢^pe¡gp JV$ hj® f003dp„ OV$u_¡

4,98,000 S>¡V$gp \B Nep lsp. s¡dS> hj® 2003-08

v$fqdep_ S>¡kgd¡f rS>ëgpdp

à

à NyS>fps_p L$ÃR>dp„ fpÄe_y„ A¡L$dpÓ

à

à

à

K

KV$_u hksudp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

hs®dp_ kde¡ v$¡idp„ KV$_u S>¡kgd¡fu, rbL$p_¡fu, L$ÃR>u

A_¡ dpfhpX$u A¡d `p„Q Års dpÞesp âpá R>¡.

KV$ k„h^®_ L$¡ÞÖ ^p¡fu

Npd Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. Alu L$ÃR>u Ap¡gpv$_p KV$_u

ÅmhZu \pe R>¡. Ap KV$ bu.A¡k.A¡a. A_¡ NyS>fps_u

`p¡rgk Mfuv$¡ R>¡.

NyS>fps_p `iy`pg_ rhcpN¡ KV$X$u_p vy$^_y„ h¡QpZ

L$fhp_u ep¡S>_p b_phu R>¡ S>¡ dpV$¡ fpÄe kfL$pf Üpfp 80

gpM_u d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

KV$X$u_y„ vy$^ ågX$ L$¡Þkfdp„ AL$kuf R>¡ S>¡_¡ L$¡Þkf qfkQ®

BqÞõV$V$1e|V$¡ `Z âdpZus L$ey® R>¡. s¡dS> S>mp¡v$f S>¡hp

fp¡Ndp„ Apeyh£v$ r_óZp„sp¡ s¡_y„ k¡h_ L$fhp_y„ S>Zphsp

lp¡e R>¡.

L$ÃR>_u MfpB Års_p KV$ fZdp„ Qpgu iL$hp kp\¡

`pZudp„ sfu `Z iL$¡ R>¡. v$qfepdp„ s¡ ÓZ qL$gp¡duV$f ky^u

sfu iL$hp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡dS> ÓZ lÅf V$u.X$u.A¡k.

S>¡V$gy Mpê$ `pZu `Z `u iL$¡ R>¡. X$eyAg BL$p¡ rkõV$ddp„

Æhu iL$sp Ap âpZu_u fp¡N ârsL$pfL$ iqL$s DÑd

L$np_u R>¡.

fpS>õ\p_ kfL$pf

Üpfp V$_¡

fpS>e`iy Op¡rjs

L$fhpdp„ Apìey„

K

KV$ $rhj¡ ÅZhp S>¡hy

dÂeâv$¡idp„ dqlgpAp¡_u klpesp

dpV$¡ "Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖ_u iê$Aps

drlgp_p kçdp_ A_¡ k„fnZ l¡sykf v$¡i_y„ â\d A¡L$uL©$s k„L$V$ kdp^p_ L$¡ÞÖ (h_ õV$p¡`

3⁄4$pBrkk qfk¡ëe|i_ k¡ÞV$f) "Np¥fhu'_u iê$Aps dÂeâv$¡i_p cp¡`pg Mps¡ 16 S|>__p fp¡S>

\B lsu. S>¡_„y Dv$1OpV$_ raëd Arc_¡sp ApdufMp_¡ L$ey® lsy. S>¡ dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf A_¡

A¡L$i_ A¡X$ (A¡_.Æ.Ap¡.)_u k„eyL$s L$pe® ep¡S>_p R>¡.

"Np¥fhu L$¡ÞÖ ep¡S>_p'

ØdÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf Üpfp dqlgpAp¡_p kÞdp_ A_¡ k„fnZ_p l¡sykf "Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖ_p¡ âpf„c

\ep¡ R>¡. S>¡_u õ\p`_p fpS>e_p âÐe¡L$ rS>ëgpdp„ \i¡. Ap L$¡ÞÖp¡ drlgpAp¡_p kçdp_ A_¡

s¡d_p Ar^L$pfp¡_p k„fnZ bpbs¡ L$pe® L$fi¡.

Ø"Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖdp„ dy¿eê$`¡ tlkp A_¡ bmpÐL$pf_u qiL$pf drlgpAp¡_u dv$v$ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

S>¡dp„ Ap`rÑ lõsn¡` k¡hp, A¡a.ApB.Apf. _p¢^phhpdp„ klep¡N, Ðhfus `fpdi®, S>ê$fu

kyfnp, ipkqL$e ep¡S>_pAp¡_p¡ gpc A`phhp¡, L$p_|_u r_óZp„sp¡ `pk¡\u kgpl, Æh_

Æhhp klpesp A_¡ `y_hp®k S>¡hu bpbsp¡ kpd¡g R>¡.

DÑfpM

„

X$ rh^p_kcp kÓ N

¥fk¥Z Mps

¡ Apep

¡rS>s \ey

B.k.f000dp„ DÑfpM„X$_u

fQ_p bpv$ â\dhpf fpS>^p_u

v$l¡fpv|$__u blpf rh^p_kcp kÓ

9 S|>_ \u 11 S>|_ ky^u Qdp¡gu_p

N¡fk¥Z Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \ey lsy.

DÑfpM„X$_u fQ_p bpv$

Al]_p gp¡L$p¡_u dp„N lsu L$>¡,

N¥fk¡Z_¡ fpS>e_u fpS>^p_u

b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ S>¡\u hj®

f013dp„ `|h® dy¿ed„Óu rhS>e

blyNyZpA¡ Alu„ buSy> kcp ch_

õ\pr`s L$ey® lsy. hs®dp_

dy¿ed„Óu lfui fphs¡ gp¡L$p¡_u cph_pAp¡_¡ kçdp_ A`®hp Al] rh^p_kcp kÓ ep¡S>ey lsy.

Page 7 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 8

c|V$p_

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u â\d rhv$¡i epÓp_p¡ v$¡i

c|V$p_ rldpgedp„ Aph¡gy A¡L$ `lpX$u

fpô2$ R>¡. S>¡_u DÑf¡ Qu_ A_¡ v$rnZ¡

cpfs v$¡i Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. Alu r_f„Ly$i

fpS>s„Ó âhs£ R>¡. cpfs A_¡ c|V$p__p

Ap`ku k„b„^p¡ kp¥lpv®$`|Z® A_¡ d¥Óu`|Z®

füp R>¡. b„_¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ `fõ`f DÃQ õsfue

fpS>_ursL epÓpAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ d¥Óu`|Z®

cph_p_¡ bm âv$p_ \ey R>¡. A¡râg

2010dp„ sÐL$pgu_ hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.

d_dp¡l_tkO¡ 16dp„ kpL®$ k„d¡g_dp„

cpN g¡hp dpV$¡ c|V$p_ epÓpA¡ Nep lsp. sfs S> buÅ dpk¡ cpfsue gp¡L$kcp AÝen A_¡

k„kv$ue âqsr_r^ d„X$mrA_¡ rh`n_p _¡sp kp\¡ c|V$p__u epÓp L$fu lsu. A¡ `l¡gp hj®

2009dp„ c|V$p_ _f¡i A_¡ hX$pâ^p_ cpfs_u dygpL$ps¡ Aphu QyL$ep lsp.

cpfs v$¡i\u rhð dprlsNpf b_¡ A_¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p fpô2$p¡ kp\¡ rdÓsp_p k„b„^p¡ õ\pr`s \pe s¡

dpV$¡ cpfs v$¡i¡ â\d NZs„Ó qv$hk\u S> rhv$¡i_p ipkL$ Arsr\Ap¡_¡ Apd„qÓs L$fhp_u `f„`fp

iê$ L$fu lsu. hj® 2013dp„ 64dp„ NZs„Ó qv$hk_u DS>hZu âk„N¡ cpfs¡ c|V$p_ _f¡i rS>Ád¡

M¡kf _pdÁepg hp„NQyL$ A_¡ s¡d_p 21 hj}e `rÐ_ `¡dp S>¡õV$f_¡ (S>¡Ap¡A¡ `.b„Npm A_¡

rldpQg âv$¡i Mps¡ rinZ `°pá L$e®y R>¡.)$ Apd„qÓs L$fu_¡ fpóV2$`rs ch_dp„ k¡fdp¡r_eg

qfk¡ài_ A_¡ bpv$dp„ fpS>OpV$ `f `|. bp`y_u kdp^u_u dygpL$ps A_¡ " ' NpX®$ Ap ̧a Ap ̧_f d¡mhhp

kp\¡ A¡L$ kápl ky^u cpfs_u dl¡dp_Nrs dpZu lsu.

hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ Apê$$Y \ep bpv$ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ â\dhpf Å¡ L$p¡B v$¡i_u dygpL$ps gu^u

lp¡e sp¡ s¡ c|V$p_ R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡ âhpkdp„ qhv$¡id„Óu kyjdp õhfpS>, fpô2$ue kyfnp

kgplL$pf AÆs X$p¡cpg A_¡ rhv$¡i krQh kyÅsptkl krls AÞe Aq^L$pfuNZ Å¡X$pep

lsp.

_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ 16 S|>_¡ Áepgep¢N Ðkp¡NM„N Mps¡ k„kv$_u k„eyL$s b¡W$L$_¡ k„bp¡r^s L$fu

lsu A_¡ `pR>gu cpfs kfL$pf¡ L$f¡gu v$f¡L$ kdS|>rsAp¡ `|Z® L$fhp k„L$ë` ìeL$s L$ep£ lsp¡.

s¡dS> b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_p Ap`ku k„b„^p¡ dS>b|s A_¡ kpfu fus¡ Åmhu fpMhp_u ârsbÝ^sp

ìeL$s L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, cpfs âNrs L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡_u kpfu Akf

c|V$p_ `f `Z `X$i¡.

dy¿e bpbsp¡ :

-b„_¡ v$¡ip¡ rhê$Ý^ Aps„L$ a¡gph_pf_¡ `p¡sp_u c|rd_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp

_lu v$¡hp bpbs¡ kldrs kp^hpdp„ Aphu. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs- c|V$p_ kudp 605 qL$gp¡duV$f A_¡ Qu_-c|V$p_ kudp 470 qL$gp¡

duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡. cpfsdp„ Äepf¡ Dëap DN°hpv$ âQ„X$ lsp¡, Ðepf¡ s¡_u

rhê$Ý^_u L$pe®hplu_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ c|V$p_ sfa cpNsp c|V$p_ Üpfp

`pX$p¡iu ^d® r_cphu_¡ DN°hpv$uAp¡_¡ cpfs_¡ lhpg¡ L$ep® lsp.

cpfs_p rldpge n¡Ó kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp v$f¡L$ `|hp£Ñf fpÄep¡ A_¡ c|V$p_

hÃQ¡ hpqj®L$ M¡g ârsep¡rNsp Apep¡rS>s L$fu_¡ k„b„^p¡ Np$Y b_phhp

dpV$¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Üpfp kyQ_ \ey.

-c|V$p_dp„ DÃQÑd Þepepge ch__y„ Dv$1OpV$_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ L$ey®.

s¡_p r_dp®Zdp„ cpfs kfL$pf sfa\u 793.54 rdrge_ ê$r`ep_u klpesp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu

R>¡.

-600 d¡Nphp¡V$_u Mp¡gp¢NQy S>m rhÛys `qfep¡S>_p_u Ap^pfrigp fpMhpdp„ Aphu. `|h}

c|V$p__p Ó¡riep„NÐk¡ Mps¡_u Ap `qfep¡S>_p cpfs A_¡ c|V$p__p kph®S>r_L$ n¡Ó_p D`3⁄4$d

_f¡

ÞÖ dp

¡v$uA¡

gu^u c|V$p__u dygpL$ps :

A¡k.S>¡.hu.A¡_. A¡k. A_¡ X2$L$ N°u_ `phf L$p¡`p£f¡i_ hÃQ¡_y„ A¡L$ k„eyL$s DÛed R>¡. S>¡_y„ r_dp®Z

hj® 2014_p DÑfp^®dp„ iê$ \i¡.

-c|V$p_dp„ rinZ, dpqlsu A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ n¡Ó¡ rhi¡j ê$`¡ r_dp®Z âÐe¡ cpfs¡ `°rsbÝ^sp ìeL$s

L$fhp kp\¡ rldpge n¡Ó_p Æh_ A_¡ S>mhpey `qfhs®__p AÝee_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ rldpge AÝee_

n¡Ó õ\pr`s L$fhp_p¡ S>¡ r_Z®e L$f¡gp¡ R>¡, s¡_p¡ gpc c|V$p__¡ `Z dmi¡.

-c|V$p__u 11du `„Q hj}e ep¡S>_p dpV$¡ hj® 2013\u gB_¡ hj® 2018 ky^udp„ cpfs sfa\u

Ly$g 4,500 L$fp¡X$_y„ `¡L$¡S> iê$ fl¡i¡.

-cpfs, c|V$p__¡ `p„Q MpÛ hõsyAp¡_u r_L$pk `f L$p¡B`Z

âL$pf_p¡ ârsb„^ L$¡ kudp _lu gNph¡. Ap hõsy R>¡-v|$^ `phX$f, OJ,

MpÛ s¡g, v$pm A_¡ Qp¡Mp.

-c|V$p__u iplu kfL$pf A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ sfa\u ëep¢R>¡_ Ði¡qf„N sp¡bN¡A¡

B.k. 1961\u â\d `„Qhj}e ep¡S>_p_p kde\u Dv$pf rhL$pk

klpesp bv$g cpfs_u kfL$pf A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_u âi„kp L$fu lsu. s¡dS>

11du `„Qhj}e ep¡S>_p_p kam L$pep®Þhl_ dpV$¡ cpfs¡ `Z

ârsbÝ^sp ìeL$s L$fu lsu.

-c|V$p_dp„ rinZ_p rhõspf A_¡ ndsp rhL$pk_¡ Ýep_¡ gB_¡

_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ cpfsdp„ rinZ N°lZ L$fu fl¡gp c|V$p_u rhÛp\}Ap¡

dpV$¡ _l¡ê$-hp„NQyL$ rióeh©rÑ_u fL$d X$bg A\p®s1 âqs hj® 20

rdrge_ ê$r`ep L$fhp_u s\p c|V$p__p v$f¡L$ 20 rÄëgpdp„ B- gpBb°¡fu õ\pr`s L$fhp Apr\®L$ klep¡N Ap`hp_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

-cpfs¡ B.k. 1984dp„ c|V$p_dp„ k„eyL$s S>m DÅ® `qfep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps L$fu lsu. S>¡ hs®dp_dp„

ApNpdu 6 hj® bpv$ 10,000 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu DÐ`pv$_ ndsp ky^u `lp¢QpX$hp gÿe r_^p®qfs

\ey R>¡. c|V$p_dp„ _hu S>mrhÛys ep¡S>_pAp¡ `f L$pe® Qpgu füy R>¡. S>¡ kp¥lpv®$`|Z® hpsphfZdp„

âNrs_p `„\¡ R>¡.

ANf L$p¡B v$¡i_p ipkL$ A¡hy S>Zph¡ L$¡, "Adpfp dpV$¡ S>¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z®

bpbs gp¡L$p¡_u Myilpgu R>¡, s¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z® v$¡i_u Æ.X$u.`u. _\u'

Aphu bpbs kp„cmhu A¡ \p¡Xy$ ATub gpN¡ A_¡ s¡ `Z Ðepf¡ L$¡, S>epf¡

Ap hps A¡L$ r_f„Ly$i ipkL$ L$l¡sp lp¡e. A¡\u `Z ATub bpbs A¡ gpN¡

R>¡ L$¡, v$¡i_u S>_sp A¡hy dp_su lp¡e L$¡, v$¡idp„ gp¡L$s„Ó_u õ\p`_p\u

fpS>_ursL$ A[õ\fsp a¡gpB iL$¡ R>¡, A_¡ kÑp\u vy$f fl¡gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ kÑp_p¡ õhpv$ QpMhp

dmi¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡ kÑp_u kpW$dpfudp„ fs \B S>i¡. Aphp rhQpfp¡ ^fphsu âÅ A_¡ r_f„Ly$i

`Z gp¡L$râe ipkL$ ^fphsp¡ v$¡i R>¡, Ap`Zp¡ hapv$pf `pX$p¡iu c|V$p_.

-k„õL©$s A\® : c|+DÐ\p_ = JQu c|rd

-AÞe dpÞesp : cp¡N+A„s = rsåbs_p¡ A„s

-õ\pr_e _pd : ÖyL$ A\p®s1 = ATv$lp_p¡ v$¡i

c|V$p_ _pd_p¡ A\®:

Brslpk

kÑfdu kv$u_p A„s¡ c|V$p_¡ bp¥^ ^d® (dlpep_ ipMp) A`_pìep¡. B.k.1865dp„ c|V$p_ A_¡ rb°V$_

hÃQ¡ "rk_Qyg k„r^' `f lõspnf \ep, S>¡dp _L$1⁄4u L$fhpdp„ Apìey L$¡, c|V$p__¡ kudphs} c|cpN_p

bv$gpdp„ hpqj®L$ A_yv$p_ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡. bpv$dp„ B.k. 1907dp„ rb°V$__p âcph_u Akf sm¡

fpÅiplu_u õ\p`_p \B lsu. ÓZ hj® bpv$ buÆ A¡L$ kdS|>rs \B L$¡, rb°V$_, c|V$p__p Ap„sqfL$

dpdg¡ v$MgNufu _lu L$f¡ `f„sy c|V$p__u rhv$¡i _urs rb°V$_ _1⁄2$u L$fi¡. bpv$dp„ B.k. 1947 bpv$ Ap

c|rd rhõspf cpfs_¡ dýep¡. S>¡_p b¡ hj® bpv$ B.k. 1949dp„ cpfs-c|V$p_ kdS|>rs A_ykpf cpfs¡

c|V$p__p¡ Ap rhõspf s¡_¡ `fs L$fu qv$^p¡. S>¡ A„N°¡Å¡_¡ Apr^_ lsp¡. Ap kdS|>rs A_ykpf cpfs_¡

c|V$p__u rhv$¡i _urs A_¡ fnp_ursdp„ M|b S> dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p dmu NB.

cp¡Np¡rgL$

D`N°l Üpfp g¡hpe¡gu sõhufp¡dp„ c|V$p_dp„ DÑf¡ Aph¡gp rldpge_p riMfp¡ A_¡ v$rnZ¡

b°û`yÓp_y„ d¡v$p_ _Tf Aph¡ R>¡. c|V$p_ Qpf¡ sfa c|rd\u O¡fpe¡gy `h®sue fpô2$ R>¡. DÑf¡

`h®sp¡_u V$p¡Q L$ep„L$ L$ep„L$ sp¡ 7000 duV$f L$fsp `Z h^y JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. kp¥\u JQy riMf

Ly$gp L$p„Nfu 7553 duV$f S>¡V$gy R>¡. s¡dS> Np„NMf `yA¡_ kyd_u JQpB 6896 duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡.

S>¡_p `f lÆ ky^u dp_hu_p L$v$d `lp¢Ãep _\u.

c|V$p__p¡ v$rnZu rlõkp¡ Ap¡R>u JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. Alu L$¡V$guL$ D`ÅD OpV$uAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡

S>¡, b°û`yÓp_u OpV$uAp¡ kp\¡ dmsu R>¡. v$¡i_p¡ Apif¡ 70 % cpN gugpR>çd h_\u

ApÃR>pqv$s R>¡. v$¡i_u dp¡V$pcpN_u hksu dÝehs} rhõspfp¡dp„ s\p NpdX$pAp¡dp„ hkhpV$

^fph¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, il¡fuL$fZ_u Akf lh¡ S>ZpB flu R>¡. kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ il¡f A_¡ fpS>^p_u t\ç`|_u

hksu `0,000 S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡ `qòdu cpNdp„ Aph¡gy R>¡.

A\®ìehõ\p :

rhð_u kp¥\u _p_u A\® ìehõ\pAp¡ `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$ d_psy c|V$p__y„ Apr\®L$ dpmMy L©$rj, h_ A_¡ S>m

DÅ®_p¡ cpfs_¡ rh3⁄4$e `f r_c®f R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡ hõsyAp¡ \B_¡ c|V$p__u kfL$pfu AphL$_p 75 % S>¡V$gp¡

rlõkp¡ `yfp¡ `pX$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> _p_p Ly$qV$f DÛp¡Np¡ s\p rhL$pk `qfep¡S>_pAp¡ s\p dp¡V$p cpN_p¡ Apr\®L$

klep¡N cpfs `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. c|V$p_ S>mDÅ® A_¡ `e®V$_ n¡Ó¡ M|b S> DS>my crhóe ^fph¡ R>¡.

k¡_p :

c|V$p__u k¡_p fp ̧eg c|V$p_ Apd}, fp ̧eg bp¡X$uNpX®$k A_¡ fp ̧eg c|V$p_ `p¡rgk_y„ k„eyL$s _pd R>¡.

c|V$p_ v$f¡L$ qv$ipA¡ c|rd kudp\u Å¡X$pe¡gy R>¡. Alu L$p¡B`Z S>mkudp_y„ A[õsÐh _\u. S>¡\u Alu _p¥

k¡_p _u S>ê$fueps _\u s¡dS> hpeyk¡_p_u kyrh^p D`gå^ _\u.

c|V$p__p gp¡L$p¡ :

c|V$p__u AX$^p\u `Z h^y hksu d|m r_hpku R>¡, S>¡_¡ "Npgp¡`p' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_p¡

r_L$V$_p¡ k„b„^ rsåbs_u AdyL$ âÅusAp¡ kp\¡ R>¡. Ap rkhpe _¡`pmu, ipfQpp¡`, ëlp¡sip„`p

âÅqsAp¡ hkhpV$ ^fph¡ R>¡.

^d® k„õL©$rs :

c|V$p_dp„ Ar^L$pqfL$ ^d® bp¥Ý^^d®_u dlpep_ ipMp R>¡. S>¡_¡ v$¡i_u ÓZ Qsy\p ̄i S>_sp `pm¡ R>¡.

Äepf¡ 25 % S>¡V$gu hksu tlvy$ ^d® `pm¡ R>¡ S>¡ _¡`pmu gp¡L$p¡ R>¡, S>¡_¡ "ëlp¡Ðkpçep' sfuL$¡ `Z

Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

c|V$p_ vy$r_ep_p¡ A¡hp¡ v$¡i R>¡ S>¡, `p¡sp_¡ bpL$u_p k„kpf\u Argàs fpMu_¡ Æhu füp¡ lp¡e. ApS>¡

`Z Alu AdyL$ lv$¡ rhv$¡iuAp¡_p¡ âh¡i r_e„qÓs R>¡. v$¡i_u dp¡V$pcpN_u hksu _p_p Npdp¡dp„ fl¡ R>¡.

bp¥Ý^ rhQpf Alu_p Æh__p¡ dy¿e rlõkp¡ R>¡.

c|V$p_ kfL$pf _ursAp¡_y„ r_^p®fZ A¡ bpbs_¡ _Tf kdn fpMu_¡ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡, `pf„`qfL$ d|ëep¡ A_¡

k„õL©$rs_y„ fnZ \B iL$¡. Å¡ L$¡, hs®dp_ kde¡ _¡`pmu d|m_p Aë`k„¿eL$ kdyv$pedp„ \p¡X$p¡ Ak„sp¡j R>¡.

S>¡ `p¡sp_u k„õL©$rs `f c|V$p_u k„õL©$rs gpv$hp_u rhê$Ý^ R>¡. S>¡_p¡ rhfp¡^ L$fsp L$¡V$gpL$ _¡`pmuAp¡ cpfs

s\p _¡`pmdp„ ifZp\} b_¡gp R>¡.

fpS>_urs :

c|V$p__p fpS> âdyM fpÅ A\p®s1 ÖyL$ Áepg`p¡ lp¡e R>¡, S>¡ hs®dp_dp„ rS>Ád¡ M¡kf _pdÁepg hp„NQyL$

R>¡. Ap `v$ h„i`f„`fpNs R>¡. `f„sy c|V$p__u k„kv$ "ip¡NX|$' dp„ b¡ s©suep„i blydsu Üpfp lV$phu iL$pe

R>¡. "ip¡NX|$' dp„ 154 S>¡V$gu b¡W$L$p¡ R>¡. S>¡dp õ\pr_e ê$`¡ Qy„V$pe¡gp ârsr_r^ 105, ^prd®L$ ârsr_r^

12, A_¡ fpÅ Üpfp _pdp„L$_ `pd¡gp 37 kv$õep¡ lp¡e R>¡. d„Óu `qfjv$_p kv$õep¡_u Qy„V$Zu fpÅ L$f¡ R>¡.

S>¡_p¡ L$pe®L$pm `p„Q hj®_p¡ lp¡e R>¡.

7

Page 9 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ ap ̧f BL$p¡_p ̧rdL$k A¡ÞX$ `uk Üpfp 18 S|>_¡ g„X$_ Mps¡ Ágp¡bg `uk

HX$¡L$k f014 Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp„ ff S>¡V$gu bpbsp¡_p dp`v„$X$p¡_p Ap^pf¡

16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_u ip„rs_¡ dp`hp_u bpbs v$ip®hpB R>¡. S>¡dp„ vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u ip„s

v$¡i sfuL$¡_y„ õ\p_ ApBkg¡ÞX$¡ Åmhu fp¿ey lsy. vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u ip„s â\d 10 v$¡i

3⁄4$di: (1) ApBkg¡ÞX$ (f) X$¡_dpL®$ (3) Ap ̧qõV2$ep (4) Þe|Tug¡ÞX$ (`)

qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$ (6) ra_g¡ÞX$ (7) L$¡_¡X$p (8) Å`p_ (9) b¡[ëS>ed (10) _p¡h¡® R>¡.

- hj® f014dp„ AaOpr_õsp__¡ `pR>m fpMu_¡ kuqfep vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥\u Aip„s v$¡i

b_u Nep¡ R>¡.

- ip„rs_p õsfp¡dp„ Å¡rS®>epA¡ kp¥\u kpfp¡ ky^pfp¡ v$ip®ìep¡ lsp¡. S>epf¡ v$rnZ k|v$p_¡

kp¥\u Mfpb âv$i®_ L$ey® lsy. k|Qudp„ v$.k|v$p_ _uQ¡\u ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ R>¡.

à `pR>gp kps hj® v$frdep_ rhð ip„rsdp„ DZ` Aphu R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ buÅ rhð eyÂ^

bpv$\u rhð ip„rs_u `pR>gp 60 hj®_u `f„`fp syV$u NB R>¡. vy$r_ep_p v$f¡L$ v$¡i dpV$¡

kf¡fpi h¥[ðL$ ip„rs dp`v„$X$ 1.96 \u h^u_¡ f.06 S>¡V$gp¡ \B Nep¡ R>¡. S>¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡ L$¡,

vy$r_epdp„ Aip„rs h^u R>¡. Ap Aip„rs h^hp_y„ L$pfZ kuqfep, v$rnZ kyv$p_, dÂe

ApräL$u NZfpS>e, e|3⁄4$¡__y„ V$¡Þi_, AaOpr_õsp_, BfpL$, ragu`pBÞk A_¡

gurbepd„p h^u fl¡gp¡ Aps„L$hpv$ R>¡.

à B.k.f008 \u 111 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ ip„rs_y„ õsf OV$u Ney R>¡. S>epf¡ `1 v$¡i A¡hp R>¡

S>ep„ ip„rs_p õsfdp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡. V$p¡Q_p f0 kp¥\u h^y ip„rs`|Z® v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u 14 v$¡ip¡

kp\¡ e|fp¡`¡ kp¥\u ip„rs`|Z® n¡Ó lp¡hp_u `p¡sp_u qõ\rs Åmhu fpMu„ R>¡.

à `00 rdrge_ S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ Aqõ\fsp A_¡ Å¡Mdp¡ hÃQ¡ Æh_ Æhu füp R>¡.

S>¡ `¥L$u_p f00 rdrge_ gp¡L$p¡ Nfubu f¡Mp\u _uQ¡ Æh_ `kpf L$fu füp R>¡.

à B.k.f008\u Ágp¡bg B„X$¡L$k_p ff `¥L$u dpÓ Qpf dp`v„$X$dp„ ky^pfp¡ S>Zpep¡ R>¡.

S>epf¡ bpL$u_p 18dp„ L$du _p¢^pB R>¡.

à tlkp_p¡ h¥[ðL$ A\® ìehõ\p `f âcph_y„ ApL$g_ hj® f013dp„ 9.8 qV2$qge_

Ad¡qfL$_ X$p ̧gf L$¡ rhð Æ.X$u.`u._p 13.3 % S>¡V$gy lsy. hj® f012_u

kfMpdZuA¡ 179 rbrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf h^y R>¡. ârs ìeqL$sA¡ tlkp_p¡ Apr\®L$

âcph 13`0 Ad¡qfL$u X$p¡gf S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.

(1) e|fp¡` :

e|fp¡` kdõs ip„rs õsf_u bpbsp¡dp„ afu A¡L$hpf rhð _¡sp b_u_¡ blpf Apìey

R>¡. S>¡dp„ õL$¦qX$_¡rhepB v$¡ip¡A¡ Mpk kpê$ âv$i®_ L$ey® R>¡. s¡dS> `pf„`pqfL$ n¡Ó¡

kp¥\u Aip„s n¡Ó A¡hy bpëL$_ n¡Ódp„ kp¥\u h^y ky^pfp¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡.

(f) DÑf Ad¡qfL$p :

A¡râg f013dp„ bp¡õV$_ d¡f¡\p¡_ lydgp krls_u Aps„L$u Nrsrhr^dp„ \e¡gp

h^pfp_¡ L$pfZ¡ DÑfu Ad¡qfL$pdp„ ip„rs õsfdp„ \p¡X$p¡ OV$pX$p¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. Ap n¡Ó

rhð_y„ buÅ _„bf_y„ ip„s n¡Ó lp¡hp_y„ L$pfZ L$¡_¡X$p_y„ ep¡Nv$p_ R>¡.

(3) A¡riep âip„s

Ap n¡Ó vy$r_epdp„ kp¥\u ip„rs`|Z® n¡Óp¡ `¥L$u ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ R>¡. hj® f013_p dyL$pbg¡

dpdygu OV$pX$p¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ L$pfZ v$rnZ Qu_ kpNf A_¡ L$p¡qfepB

âpeqÜ`dp„ rhL$pk kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp¡ rhhpv$ R>¡.

(4) v$rnZ A¡qiep :

kdN° nqÓe f¥qL„$N dpdg¡ Ap n¡Ó kp¥\u _uQ¡ fl¡gy R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ s¡_p¡ õL$p¡f AÞe n¡Óp¡_u

Ágp

¡

bg `uk BÞX$¡L$k BqÞõV$V$1

e|V$ ap

̧

f BL$p

̧

_p

¡rdL$k A¡

ÞX$ `uk

BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ ap ̧f BL$p ̧_p¡rdL$k A¡ÞX$ `uk

kuX$_u Mps¡_y„ A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue A_¡

õhs„Ó t\L$V$¢L$ R>¡, S>¡ kL$pfpÐdL$, lp„kg L$fu

iL$hp ep¡Áe A_¡ dp_h L$ëepZ, âNrs_p

_L$L$f D`pep¡ Üpfp rhð_y„ Âep_ ip„rs sfa

L$fhp BÃR>p ^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ rhð ip„rs_¡

dp`_pf R>¡. Ágp¡bg `uk HX$¡L$k

(Æ.`u.ApB.) L$¡, S>¡_u iê$Aps hj®

f007dp„ \B lsu. hj® f014_u k|Qu Ap

î¡Zu_u Ly$g ApW$du k|Qu R>¡. Ap H„X$¡L$k

dp`hp dpV$¡ ff S>¡V$gp dp`v„$X$p¡ A`_phhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ rhrh^ n¡Óp¡ Üpfp L$fhpdp„

Aphsp k¡_p MQ®, `X$p¡iu v$¡ip¡ kp\¡_p¡

k„b„^, 16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ fl¡gu S>¡gdp„

fl¡gu hksu_u V$L$phpfu kpd¡g lp¡e R>¡.

Ágp¡bg `uk B„X$¡L$k-f014

Ágp¡bg `uk HX$¡L$k_p dy¿e `p¡BÞV$

Ágp¡bg `uk HX$¡L$k f013_u n¡Óhpf rhi¡jsp :

syg_pA¡ kpfp¡ R>¡.

(5) friep A_¡ e|f¡qiep :

Ap n¡Ódp„ v$f¡L$ 1f v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u Qpf v$¡i_¡ L$pfZ¡ kL$pfpÐdL$ A¡hp¡ dpdygu ky^pfp¡

S>Zpep¡ R>¡. Ap n¡Ódp„ friep kp¥\u ip„rs`|Z® v$¡i R>¡ A_¡ h¥[ðL$ fus¡ s¡

kp¥\u Mfpb âv$i®_L$sp® v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u_p¡

A¡L$ R>¡. S>¡ k|Qudp„ 1`fdy„ õ\p_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

(6) dÂe Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ L$¡f¡rbep :

Ap n¡Ódp„ ip„rs A¡ `X$L$pfS>_L$ bpbs R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ Ap n¡Ó `pR>gp hj®_u

kfMpdZuA¡ dpdygu ky^pfp¡ L$fhpdp„ kam füy R>¡.

(7) D` klpfp ApräL$p :

Ap n¡Ó n¡qÓe õL$p¡fdp„ buÆ kp¥\u dp¡V$u NufphV$ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. kp¥\u h^y _L$pfpÐdL$

õL$p¡f bv$g_pf v$k `¥L$u Qpf v$¡i Ap n¡Ódp„ ^fph¡ R>¡. V$p¡Q `f v$.k|v$p_ A_¡

dÂe ApräL$u NZfpS>e R>¡.

16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_u rhð ip„rs f¢qL„$Ndp„ cpfs_u f¢L$ 143du R>¡. S>¡ hj®

f013dp„ 141 lsu. cpfs b¡ õ\p_ _uQ¡ Apìey R>¡.

cpfs gp„bp kde\u Ap„sffpóV2$ue sZph A_¡ ìep`L$ Ap„sqfL$ k„Oj®

kpd¡ TT|du füy R>¡. cpfs_u Ap„sqfL$ kyfnpdp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Msfp¡

dpAp¡hpv$u Ap„v$p¡g_ R>¡. s¡dS> `X$p¡iu v$¡i kp\¡ Qpgu fl¡gp _p_p dp¡V$p

k„Ojp£ bpü kyfnp dpV$¡ Msfp¡ R>¡. cpfs h¥[ðL$ Aps„L$hpv$ k|QL$p„L$dp„

1`9 v$¡ip¡_u k|Qudp„ Qp¡\y õ\p_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

hj® f013dp„ cpfsdp„ tlkp_p õsf_y„ fpô2$ue A\® ìehõ\p `f 177

rdrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf_p¡ bp¡T `X$hp_y A_ydp_ lsy. Ap A_ydp_

cpfs_p kL$g Of¡gy DÐ`pv$__p 3.6 % L$¡ 14` Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf ârs

ìeqL$s bfpbf S>¡V$gy R>¡. Å¡ cpfs `p¡sp_u ip„rs_p kdõs õsfdp„ ky^pfp¡

gphu iL$¡ R>¡ sp¡ rhð âhpl\u dm_pf Ar^L$p„i gpc\u s¡ `p¡sp_p¡ Apr\®L$

ky^pfp¡ L$fu iL$hp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡.

_¡`pm (76), bp„Ágpv$¡i (98), îug„L$p (10`), `pqL$õsp_ (1`4),

AaOpr_õsp_ (161)dp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp. S>epf¡ hj® f01f A_¡ f013dp„

k¥Þe MQ®dp„ h^pfp¡ A_¡ Ap„sqfL$ k„Oj®dp„ Aph¡gu s¡Æ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Qu_ 108çpp„

õ\p_¡ füy lsy.

Ágp¡bg `uk HX$¡L$k qf`p¡V®$ b_ph_pf BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ ap ̧f BL$p¡_p ̧rdL$k

A¡ÞX$ `uk Üpfp _hy Å¡Md d|ëep„L$_ dp ̧X$g b_phhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

S>¡ ApNpdu b¡ hj®dp„ A¡hp 10 v$¡ip¡_u Ap¡mM L$fi¡, S>ep„ ip„rs A_¡

tlkp_p õsfdp„ kp¥\u h^y h^pfp¡ \ep¡ lp¡e. Ap dp¡X$gp¡ 90 % S>¡V$gp kqV$L$

lp¡hp_p¡ Brslpk ^fph¡ R>¡. DÃQõsf_p Å¡Mdhpmp v$¡ip¡dp„ Å„buep, l¥su,

ApS>£qÞV$_p, QpX$, bp¡qõ_ep A_¡ lS>£Np¡rh_p, _¡`pm, b°yÞX$u, Å¡rS®ep,

gpBb¡qfep A_¡ L$sf kpd¡g R>¡.

cpfs_y„ õ\p_ :

AÞe A¡riepB v$¡ip¡_u qõ\rs :

Å¡Md d|ëep„L$_ dp¡X$g :

9

Page 10 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 10

bpmL$p¡_p rinZÿp¡Ó¡ h¥[ðL$ `rfÖíe `f_u qf`p¡V®$ e|_¡õL$p¡ Üpfp f6 S|>_¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. s¡dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b vy$r_epdp„ 6 \u 11 hj®_u he ^fphsp `8 rdrge_ bpmL$p¡

õL|$g¡ S>sp _\u. Ap qf`p¡V®$ Ágp¡bg `pV®$_fri` ap ̧f A¡S>eyL$¡i_ Üpfp äp„k_p b°yk¡ëk Mps¡

Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ k„hpv$v$psp k„d¡g_dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡_p dlp q_v$£iL$ Bfu_p bpL$p¡hpA¡ âõsys L$fu

lsu.

_hu h¥[ðL$ ApDV$-Ap ̧a-õL|$g_p Ap„L$X$p e|_¡õL$p¡ B[ÞõV$V$1e|V$ ap ̧f õV$¥qV$[õV$L$k

(e|.ApB.A¡k.) Üpfp b_phhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. S>¡ A_ykpf dpqlsu dmu R>¡ L$¡, Å¡ Ap S>

`qfqõ\rs fl¡i¡ sp¡ õL|$g S>sp bpmL$p¡ `¥L$u 43 % bpmL$p¡ L$v$u õL|$g¡ S>B iL$i¡ _lu. qf`p¡V®$

A_ykpf Apif¡ 16 rdrge_ bpmpAp¡ A_¡ 10 qdrge_ qL$ip¡f R>p¡L$fpAp¡_¡ õL|$g¡ S>hp_p¡

Ahkf L$epf¡e _lu dm¡.

Ü qf`p¡V®$dp„ A¡hp 17 v$¡ip¡ rhj¡ S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡ L$¡, S>¡dZ¡ A¡L$ v$iL$p\u h^y kdedp„

õL|$g¡ _l] S>su `p¡sp_u hksu_p Apif¡ 90 % Ap¡R>u L$fu R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡L$ kL$pfpÐdL$

`qfhs®_ Aphu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap v$¡ip¡A¡ õL|$g au Ap¡R>u L$fhu. h^y âpk„rNL$ `pW$e3⁄4$d kpd¡g

L$fhp¡ A_¡ k„Oj®fs `qfhpfp¡_¡ _pZp„L$ue kd\®_ Ap`hy S>¡hu bpbsp¡ A`_phu lsu.

Ü h¥[ðL$ âNrsdp„ OV$pX$p_y„ dy¿e L$pfZ D`-klpfp ApräL$p R>¡. S>¡ DÃQ S>_k„¿ep hksu v$f

^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ hs®dp_dp„ 30 rdrge_ L$fsp h^y õL|$g¡ _lu„ S>sp bpmL$p¡_y„ Of R>¡. Ap

n¡Ódp„ hj® f01fdp„ rinp âZpgudp„ kpd¡g \_pf ÓZ `¥L$u A¡L$ bpmL$ âp\rdL$ õL|$g_p

A„rsd N°¡X$dp„ `lp¢Qsp `l¡gp õL|$g R>p¡X$u v$¡ R>¡.

Ü qf`p¡V®$_p rhïg¡jZdp„ A¡hu bpbs `Z kpd¡ Aphu R>¡ L$¡, 17 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ hj®

f000dp„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep rhð õsf¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep_u A¡L$

Qsy\p ̄i S>¡V$gu lsu, Äepf¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿epdp„ 86 % S>¡V$gp¡ OV$pX$p¡ \sp

s¡ k„¿ep f7 rdrge_\u OV$u_¡ 4 rdrge_ S>¡V$gu flu lsu.

Ü rhïg¡jZdp„ R> S>¡V$gu _ursAp¡_u Ap¡mM L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ âp\rdL$ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp

bpmL$p¡_¡ õL|$g¡ S>hpdp„ dv$v$ê$` kam kprbs \B R>¡. S>¡ AÞe v$¡i dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z®

Dv$plfZ b_u iL$¡ R>¡.

"A¡S>eyL$¡i_ ap

̧

f Ap

̧

g Ágp

¡

bg dp

¡r_V$qf

„

N'

- e|_

¡õL$p

¡

_u qf`p

¡V®$

qf`p¡V®$_u dy¿e bpbsp¡ :

(1) au dp„ OV$pX$p¡ :

B.k.f00`dp„ b°y„X$udp„ au OV$pX$p¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp R> hj®dp„ âp\rdL$ ipmpdp„ âh¡i d¡mh_pf_u

k„¿ep `4 % dp„\u 94 % S>¡V$gu \B NB lsu.

(f) kpdpÆL$ _L$v$ lõsp„sfZ :

B.k.1998dp„ S>ep„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep 17 % S>¡V$gu lsu Ðep„ hj® f009dp„ s¡ k„¿ep

7 % S>¡V$gu \B NB lsu. S>¡_y L$pfZ r_L$pfpNylpdp„ hj® f000dp„ õL|$g MQ® _l] DW$phu iL$sp

`qfhpfp¡_u dv$v$ dpV$¡ kpdprS>L$ _L$v$ lõsp„sfZ_u iê$Aps \B lsu.

(3) rinZ `f_p MQ®dp„ h^pfp¡ :

Op_pA¡ rinZ `f \sp¡ MQ® X$bg L$fu qv$^p¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ B.k.1999dp„ S>ep„ f.4 rdrge_

bpmL$p¡ õL|$g¡ S>sp lsp s¡ hj® f013dp„ h^u_¡ 4.1 rdrge_ S>¡V$gp \B Nep R>¡.

(4) rinZ_u NyZhÑpdp„ ky^pfp¡ :

rhA¡s_pd Üpfp h„rQs rhÛp\}Ap¡ `f rhi¡j Âep_ Ap`hp dpV$¡ _hp `pW$e3⁄4$d_u iê$Aps \B

A_¡ f004 \u f010 hÃQ¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep `¥L$u s¡ k„¿ep AX$^u L$fu _pMhpdp

kamsp d¡mhu lsu.

(`) Åsue A_¡ cpjpB g^ydsuAp¡_y„ Âep_pL$j®Z :

dp¡fp¡1⁄2$p¡A¡ hj® f003dp„ âp\rdL$ õL|$gp¡dp„ õ\pr_e AdptTN cpjpdp„ rinZ iê$ L$ey® lsy A_¡

hj® f001dp„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep 9 % \u OV$u_¡ 4 % S>¡V$gu \B lsu.

(6) rhhpv$p¡_u `sphV$ :

_¡`pmdp„ rhhpqv$s n¡Óp¡ A_¡ AÞe õ\p_p¡_p bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ rinZ_y„ õsf hj® f006dp„ N©l eyÂ^

Msd \ep bpv$ kdp rióeh©rÑ kpd¡g lsu.

6 _ursAp¡ :

Ad¡qfL$p qõ\s bp¡õV$_

L„$k[ëV„$N N©` (bu.ku.Æ.) Üpfp

10 S|>_¡ Þe|ep¡L®$ Mps¡ Åfu \e¡gu

"h¥[ðL$ k„`rÑ âb„^_ DÛp¡N'

`f_u 14du hprj®L$ qf`p¡V®$

(fpBqX„N A h¡g Ap ̧a N°p¡\ :

Ágp¡bg h¡ë\ f014)dp„

cpfs_¡ L$fp¡X$`rsAp¡_p dpdg¡

rhðdp„ 1`d„y õ\p_ âpá \ey R>¡.

cpfsdp„ Ly$g 1.7` gpM

L$fp¡X$`qs R>¡.

S>¡d_u `pk¡ 10 gpM

Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf A¡V$g¡ Apif¡ 6

L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_u k„`rÑ R>¡. qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf B.k. f018 ky^udp„ cpfs vy$r_ep_p¡ kpsdp

_„bf_p¡ ^r_L$ v$¡i b_u S>i¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f01f_p qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b cpfs 16dp„

_„bf¡ lsy. hj® f013dp„ vy$r_epdp„ L$fp¡X$`qsAp¡_u k„¿ep 1.63 L$fp¡X$ \B lsu. Ap

v$frdep_ Mp_Nu k„`rÑdp„ 14.6 % _u h©qÂ^ \B lsu.

hj® f014_u hs®dp_ qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf kp¥\u h^y 8f gpM L$fp¡X$`rs kp\¡ Ad¡qfL$p â\d,

f4 gpM L$fp¡X$`qs kp\¡ Qu_ buSy> A_¡ Å`p_ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

Ad¡qfL$p_u bu.ku.Æ. qf`p¡V®$ hprj®L$ ê$`¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ i¡f

bÅfp¡_u s¡Ædp„ `pR>gp hj®\u iê$ fl¡gp DÑd âv$i®__¡ Ap^pf¡ b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

rkNpf¡V$ h¡QpZdp„ L$p¡gL$sp V$p¡Q_p õ\p_

¡

- dy„bBdp„ v$¥r_L$ 6/7, l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ `/6, Adv$phpv$dp„ 6/7, gM_Dd„p 7/8 rkNpf¡V$_p¡

D`ep¡N \pe R>¡.

- A¡L$ kápldp„ AL$ ìeqL$s l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ rkNpf¡V$ `pR>m kf¡fpi 47f ê$r`ep, gM_D 404,

Adv$phpv$dp„ 387, L$p¡gL$pspdp„ 348 A_¡ dy„bBdp„ 3f0 ê$r`ep S>¡V$gp¡ MQ® L$f¡ R>¡. rkNpf¡V$ `f

kf¡fpi kpàsprlL$ MQ® 383 ê$r`ep S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.

- `pR>gp ÓZ hj® v$frdep_ L$p¡gL$spdp„ rkNpf¡V$_u M`sdp„ f4 %_p¡ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡. S>epf¡

gM_Ddp„ 19 % dy„bBdp„ 13 % h^pfp¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡.

cpfs v$¡idp„ rkNpf¡V$_p h¡QpZdp„ L$p¡gL$Ñp il¡f_¡ kp¥\u V$p¡Q_y„ õ\p_ kh£nZ rhjeL$

âpá \ey R>¡. L$p¡gL$Ñpdp„ kf¡fpi A¡L$ ìeqL$s ârsqv$_ fpô2$ue kf¡fpi 6-7

rkNpf¡V$_u syg_pA¡ âqsqv$_ 7-10 rkNpf¡V$_„y ^yd°`p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap kh£nZdp„ Æ.A¡a.L$¡. dp¡X$_p klep¡N\u `p„Q n¡Ó dy„bB, L$p¡gL$sp,

Adv$phpv$, gM_D, l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡ f1-40 hj®_u he hN®_p ìeqL$sAp¡dp„

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. 1f S|>_¡ ApB.ku.ApB.ku.ApB. sdpL|$ h`fpi

f014_p kh£nZdp„ Ap Ap„L$X$p kpd¡ Apìep lsp.

"^ NyX$ L„$V2$u BÞX$¡L$k' Üpfp e|.A¡_.,hëX®$ b¢L$ A_¡ s¡_p S>¡hu Ly$g 3` S>¡V$gu

AgN-AgN k„õ\pAp¡ `pk¡\u dm¡gp X$¡V$p_¡ Ap^pf¡ 1f` v$¡ip¡_p kh£ bpv$

f¡„qL„$N s¥epf L$fu_¡ Apefg¡ÞX$_¡ kp¥\u kpfp v$¡i sfuL$¡ Op¡rjs L$ep£ lsp¡.

Ap qgõV$dp„ cpfs 81dp„, Qu_ 107dp„ õ\p_¡ R>¡. rgõV$dp„ â\d f1 v$¡i

e|fp¡`ue A_¡ A„N°¡Æ cpjp bp¡g_pf v$¡i kpd¡g R>¡. S>epf¡ ffdp¡ A_¡ bu_

e|fp¡`ue v$¡i L$p¡õV$pqV$L$p R>¡ s\p rQgu-f4 A_¡ L$¡Þep_¡ ApräL$p M„X$_y„ kp¥\u

kpê$ fpô2$ dp_hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡ rgõV$dp„ f6dp„ õ\p_¡ R>¡.

S>epf¡ BfpL$, guqbep A_¡ rhA¡s_pd kp¥\u _uQ¡_p õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

kp¥\u kpfp v$¡i_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ dp_hsp A_¡ `©Õhu âÐe¡_p ep¡Nv$p__¡ _Tf

kdn fpMu_¡ âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gu bpbsp¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ f¡qL„$N

b_phphdp„ Aphu lsu.

(1) â¡k_u ApTpv$u

(f) ifZp\}Ap¡_u k„¿ep

(3) lr\epf r_L$pk

(4) _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf rhS>¡spAp¡_u k„¿ep

V$p¡` V$¡_ v$¡i

(1) Apefg¡ÞX$ (f) õhuX$_

(f) ra_g¡ÞX$ (4) e|.L$¡.

(`) qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX $(6) _p¡h£

(7) _¡^fg¡ÞX$ (8) X$¡_dpL®$

(9) Þe|Tug¡ÞX$ (10) b¡[ëS>ed

B.C.G. hprj®L$ qf`p¡V®$ : L$fp¡X$`rs

bpbs¡ cpfs rhðdp„ 1`dp„ õ\p_

¡

Apefg¡ÞX$ kp¥\u kpfp¡ v$¡i

Page 12 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 12

rblpf_p `V$Zp il¡f Mps¡

` S|>__p fp¡S> fpS>e_p

`ep®hfZ A_¡ h_

rhcpN_p klep¡N\u

Apep¡rS>s gp¡L$p`®Z

kdpfp¡ldp„ kprlÐe

dlp¡Ðkh Üpfp L$rh A_¡

NusL$pf NygTpf Üpfp

gurMs `yõsL$ "N°u_

`p¡eçk'_y„ rhdp¡Q_

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. L$qhsp ê$`¡ gMpe¡g Ap `yõsL$_y„ âL$pi_ "`¡NyB_ BqÞX$ep' Üpfp

s\p A„N°¡Æ A_yhpv$ k¡hp r_h©s fpS>_preL$ `h_ L$¡. hdp®A¡ L$ep£ lsp¡.

k„h¡v$_iug g¡ML$ NygTpf¡ Ap `yõsL$dp„ kdõs L$pe_ps_¡ Ly$v$fs sfa\u dm¡gu

AZdp¡g c¡V$ S>¡hu L$¡ S„>Ngp¡, `lpX$p¡, bfa, _v$uAp¡, hjp®, hpv$m, ApL$pi, ^fsu A_¡

A„sqfn_¡ `p¡sp_p iåv$p¡dp„ Y$pýep R>¡. `yõsL$dp„ `p¡sp_u Ap¡mM dyS>b_p A¡L$ h©n

A_¡ Dˆ$X$ Ly$hp rhj¡ `Z S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. A¡ rkhpe Ly$ëgy, d_pgu, Q„bp A_¡

t\`|_¡ `Z `p¡sp_p g¡M_p¡ rlõkp¡ b_pìep R>¡.

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ v$¡i_p rhL$pk_p k„b„^dp„ bl¡sf

_ursAp¡_p r_dp®Zdp„ rhi¡jop¡ A_¡ byqÂ^ÆhuAp¡_¡ kgpl Ap`hp

A`ug L$fu_¡ v$¡i_p rhL$pk_¡ faspf Ap`hp A_¡ s¡_¡ k„b„r^s bl¡sf

_urs b_php `f cpf Apàep¡ lsp¡. s¡dS> DÅ® S>ê$fuepsp¡_u `|s} L$fhp

kp¥f DÅ®_p DÐ`pv$_ h^pfhp A_¡ il¡fu L$fZ_¡ kdõep ê$`¡ Å¡hp_¡

bv$g¡ Ahkf sfuL$¡ Å¡hp A`ug L$fu lsu.

`p¡sp_p kfL$pfu q_hpk 7 Apf.ku.Apf. `f rhh¡L$ v$¡bfp¡e krls

AÞe rhi¡jop¡ Üpfp k„`pqv$s `yõsL$ "N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¢L$ Ap ̧_ V2$¡L$ :

A¡_ A¡L$i_ A¡S>ÞX$p ap ̧f qfap¡çk®'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Z Ley® lsy .`yõsL$_y„

âp1⁄4\_ fs_ V$pV$pA¡ g¿ey R>¡.

`yõsL$dp„ dpB3⁄4$p¡BL$p¡_p ̧rd1⁄4k [õ\fsp_u v$¡Mf¡L$, L©$rj A_¡ Ål¡f

rhsfZ âZpgudp„ ky^pfp¡, rhr_dp®Z _urs `f afu QQp® L$fhu,

fp¡S>Npf kS®>_, rinZ A_¡ L$p¥ig rhL$pk, il¡fuL$fZ A_¡ c|rd

âb„^_dp„ _hu_uL$fZ, S>m âb„^_ A_¡ _hu DÅ® _ursAp¡ s\p d|ëe

r_^p®fZdp„ ky^pfp¡, `ep®hfZ âb„^_ S>¡hu bpbsp¡ rhj¡ QQp® L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡.

bp ̧guhyX$dp„ V2$¡S>¡X$u qL„$N_p _pd\u dil|f raëd Arc_¡sp

qv$gu`Ly$dpf_u Æh_L$\p "kåõV$p„k A¡ÞX$ i¡X$p¡'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Z

10 S|__p fp¡S> Ardspc bÃQ_ A_¡ Apduf Mp_ Üpfp

k„eyL$s fus¡ dy„bB Mps¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p `pqfhpqfL$ rdÓ Dv$e spfp _pef Üpfp

gurMs Ap `yõsL$dp„ qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p bpm`Z, L$pfqL®$v$u,

`qfhpf A_¡ Æh__p Dspf, QX$ph S>¡hu bpbsp¡ krls

fpS>L$`yf, v$¡hAp_„v$, d^ybpgp rhi¡ QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

`yõsL$_p gp¡L$p`®Z âk„N¡ qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p `qÐ_

kpefpbp_y, ^d£ÞÖ, L$fZ Å¡lf krls_u lõsuAp¡ lpS>f flu

lsu. L$pe®3⁄4$d_u fS|>Aps L$fZ Å¡lf¡ s\p qv$gu`Ly$dpf_u

ip_dp„ õhf L$p¡qL$gp gsp d„N¡iL$f¡ `p¡sp_u AhpS>_p¡ Åvy$

s¡dS `yõsL$_p Ad|L$ A„ip¡_¡ Ardspc bÃQ_¡ hp„Qu_¡

k„cmpìep lsp.

S>epf¡ qv$gu`Ly$dpf `f âky_ Å¡iuA¡ gM¡gu L$rhsp

ApdufMp_¡ hp„Qu k„cmphu lsu. rld¡_ ^d£ÞÖA¡

qv$gu`Ly$dpf kp\¡_p k„õdfZp¡ spTp L$fu_¡ X$pÞk L$ep£ lsp¡.

qv$gu`Ly$dpf_y d|m _pd

dp¡lçdv$ e|kyaMp_ R>¡. s¡dZ¡

`p¡sp_y raëdu _pd qv$gu`Ly$dpf

fp¿ey R>¡. `p¡sp_u R> v$kL$p_u

gp„bu L$pfqL®$v$udp„ s¡dZ¡ d^ydrs,

dyNg-A¡-ApTd, N„Np-S>dy_p,

fpd Ap¥f íepd, L$dp®, rh^psp,

dipg, kp¥v$pNf S>¡hu Ak„¿e

rlV$ raëdp¡ Ap`u R>¡. s¡d_u

A„rsd raëd B.k.1998dp„

Aph¡gu "qL$gp' lsu.

qv$gu`Ly$dpf B.k.1991

`Ú c|jZ, B.k.1994dp„

v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s \B Q|L$ep R>¡.

"N°u_ `p¡eçk' - NygTpf

gurMs `yõsL$_y„ rhdp¡Q_

"N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¥L$ Ap ̧_ V2$¡L$'

_urs r_^p®fL$p¡,qhÜhp_p¡_¡ k„L$V$N°õs v$¡i_¡ ìep`L$ A_¡ ìehlpqfL$ fus¡ kdS>hp dpV$¡

iqL$sipmu D`L$fZ âv$p_ L$fsu A_¡ Brslpk, kdpS>ip÷, ^prd®L$ AÂee_,

Ap„sffpô2$ue k„b„^p¡_p kprlÐe_p dpÂed\u `pqL$õsp__u Akyfnp_u vy$v®$ip `f ìep`L$

`Z¡ QQp® L$fsu `yõsL$ "hp¡qfef õV$¡V$ : `pqõL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p ̧ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu hëX®$' cpfs_p

D`fpô2$`rs A¡d.lqdv$ A„kpfu kdn 13 S|>_¡ fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap ̧L$kap¡X®$

e|r_hrk®V$u â¡k, Þe|ep¡L®$ Üpfp âL$pris Ap `yõsL$ ÅÞeyApfu f014dp„ gp¢Q \B lsu.

`yõsL$_p g¡ML$ V$u.hu. `p ̧g R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ d¥L$rNg e|r_hrk®V$u (dp ̧qÞV2$eg, L$¡_¡X$p)_p

fpS>_ursL$ rhop__p âp ̧a¡kf R>¡.

ÅÞeyApfu f013 \u d¡ f014_p

aõV®$ rkV$uT_ rij®L$ õs„c A„sN®s

"^ huL$'dp„ âL$pris g¡Mp¡_y„ k„L$g_

v$ip®hsu L$p¡au V$¡bg byL$ "aõV®$

rkV$uT_ : fpô2$`rs ch_dp„ âZh

dyMÆ®'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ f Sy>gpB

f014_p fp¡S> _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡

fpô2$`rs ch_dp„ A¡L$ kdpfp¡l

v$fqdep_ \ey lsy. `yõsL$_u â\d âs fpô2$`rsA¡ âpá L$fu lsu.

`yõsL$_¡ "^ huL'$ `qÓL$p Üpfp âL$pris L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. s¡_„y rhdp¡Q_

X$p ̧.L$Z®tkl¡ L$ey® lsy.

`yõsL$dp„ fpô2$`rs_p v$¡i rhv$¡i_p âhpkp¡, fpô2$`rs ch__p v$fhpÅ

kpdpÞe _pNqfL$p¡ dpV$¡ Mp¡ghp_u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu _hu `l¡g s\p â¡kuX$¡Þku,

fkp¡B A_¡ AÞe gp¡L$p¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡g kdpfp¡l kpd¡g R>¡.

`yõsL$dp„ Ap `l¡gp fpô2$`rs ch_ k„N°l\u `|h£ fpô2$`rs_u Arcg¡Mue

sõhufp¡ L$epf¡e Å¡hp dmu _ lsu. qv$gQõ` kdpQpfp¡_u dprlsu_p Vy$L$X$pAp¡ `Z

`yõsL$dp„ kpd¡g R>¡.

"aõV®$ rkV$uT_' : fpô2$`rs ch_dp„

âZh dyMÆ®" - L$p¡au V$¡bg byL$

"hp¡qfef õV$¡V$ : `pqL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p ̧ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu hëX®$'

qv$ëlu il¡f_ A¡L$ AgN âL$pf¡ âõsys

L$fsy, S>¡_¡ hpQL$p¡A¡ Ap `l¡gp L$p¡B

D`Þepkdp„ _p dpÎey lp¡e: A¡L$ A¡hy il¡f S>¡

tlkp, 3⁄4$p¡^ A_¡ c°ô$pQpf\u cf¡gy `X$¡gy lp¡e.

- v$uqàsL$`|f Üpfp fQpe¡gy D`Þepk "A

b¡X$ L$¡f¡L$V$f' Ap¡Nô$ f014dp„ âL$pris \i¡.

Ap D`Þepk B^p _pd_u eyhp drlgp_u

BÃR>p_u L$lp_u v$ip®h¡ R>¡. A¡f¡ÞS> rhhpl A_¡

dÂed hN® Üpfp âv$p_ \su kyfnpdp„\u bQu_¡

cpNu r_L$m¡ R>¡ Ðepfbpv$ s¡ A¡L$ L$qfídpB A_¡

Msf_pL$ eyhL$ kp\¡ ApL$qõdL$ fus¡ dm¡ R>¡.

`qfZpd¡ S>ëv$u fp¡dp„Q\u AhNs \pe R>¡.

"A b¥X$ L$¡f¡L$V$f' "ågX$ ae|X$'

A¡X$hX®$ L$g¡_ Üpfp gMhpdp„ Aph¡gu `yõsL$

ågX$ ae|X$ : Ap¡bpdp rhê$Â^ qL$g„V$_'_¡ f¡‚¡fu

`qågtiN lpDk Üpfp âL$pris L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ap `yõsL$ vy$íd_u, Bjp®, Ad¡qfL$p_p b¡ kp¥\u

iqL$sipmu fpS>_ursL$ Å¡X$u hÃQ¡_u ârsõ`^p®

rhj¡ S>Zphpey R>¡. Ap `yõsL$ bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp A_¡

rL$g„V$_ hÃQ¡ b„^ Ap¡fX$pdp„ k¢L$X$p¡ b¡W$L$p¡ A_¡

kpnpÐL$pf_p k„b„^p¡ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. `yõsLdp„$

rlg¡fu qL$g„V$__p Apfp¡Áe rhj¡ `Z QQp® L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡.

12

Page 13 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

B.k.1944dp„ õ\`pe¡gp¡ d|rs®v$¡hu `yfõL$pf cpfsue op_`uW$ krdrs

Üpfp âv$p_ \sp¡ âqs›$us kprlÐe `yfõL$pf R>¡. Ap `yfõL$pf A„sN®s b¡

gpM_u fp¡L$X$, âiqõs`Ó, ârsL$ rQÞl A_¡ hpÁv$¡hu_u ârsdp A¡_pes \pe

R>¡.

cpfsue op_`uW$ krdrsA¡ 13 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> hj® f013_p Ap

`yfõL$pf dpV$¡ h¥opr_L$ kp\¡ g¡ML$ fl¡gp fp^pL©$óZ_ _pd_u Op¡jZp L$fu R>¡.

fp^pL©$óZ_ s¡d_y„ gurMs dgepgu D`Þepk "r\L$L$pv$g L$ps_ly

r\ê$d^yfd' bv$g d|rs®v$¡hu `yfõL$pf A¡_pes \i¡. Ap D`Þepk "dgepgd

cpjp_p r`sp' L$l¡hpsp V$u.fpdp_yS>_ Ap Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡.

cpfsue rhdp_`Ñ_ âpr^L$fZ (A¡.A¡.ApB.)

A¡f_p ̧qV$L$g A¡fp¡õ`¡k rhop__p n¡Ó¡ DÐL©$óV$ ep¡Nv$p_ A_¡

D`gqå^Ap¡ dpV$¡ âÐe¡L$ hj¡® fpô2$ue `yfõL$pf âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

A¡fp¡_p¡qV$Lg kp¡kpeV$u Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep Üpfp âv$p_ \sp Ap

`yfõL$pfp¡dp„ cpfs fÐ_ S>¡.Apf.X$u. spsp `yfõL$pf rkrhg

A¡rhA¡i__p n¡Ódp„ DÐL©$ô$ ep¡Nv$p_ L$f_pf ìeqL$sAp¡_¡ âv$p_

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.hj® f013dp„ Ap `yfõL$pf bv$g A¡.A¡.ApB._p

kv$õe hu.kp¡dpky„v$fd (A¡f _¡rhN¡i_ krh®kuT)_¡ 9 S|>__p

fp¡S> A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$g A¡fõ`¡kdp„ rhop__p n¡Ódp„ kyQ_p, v$nsp

s\p A¡f õ`¡k_u ndsp rhõspf n¡Ódp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp L$pep£

bv$g kçdpq_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

gyBrkep_p_p b¥V$_ ê$S> rkrhL$ k¡ÞV$f Mps¡ 8 S|>__p fp¡S>

rdk _¡hpX$p r_ep kp„Q¡S>_¡ rdk e|.A¡k.A¡. f014_p¡ spT hj®

f013_u rhS>¡sp A¡qf_ b°¡X$u Üpfp `l¡fphhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

r_ep kp„Q¡S> rdk e|.A¡k.A¡. kp¦v$e® ârsep¡rNsp_u 63du

rhS>¡sp R>¡. s¡ ApNpdu rdk e|r_hk® ârsep¡rNspdp„ Ad¡qfL$p_y„

ârsr_r^Ðh L$fi¡.

r_ep kp„Q¡S>¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p v$f¡L$ fpS>ep¡_u Ly$g `0 S>¡V$gu

ârsõ`^} ky„v$fuAp¡ s\p L$p¡g„rbep_u ky„v$fu_¡ lpf Ap`u lsu.

Ap ârsep¡rNspdp„ â\d D` rhS>¡sp rdk _p¡\® X$L$p¡V$p Ap ̧X2$p

dpfu füp lsp. f4 hrj®e r_ep kp„Q¡S> gpk h¡Npk_u R>¡ A_¡

speL$hp¡X$p¡_p L$p¡qfepB dpi®g ApV®$dp„ Qpf qX$N°u åg¡L$ b¡ëV$

^fph¡ R>¡.

rdk ey.A¡k.A¡.-f014 sfuL$¡ r_ep kp„Q¡S>

fp ̧g Ap ̧a A¡L$kg¢k `yfõL$pf

fpÆh Np„^u Ap„sffpô2$ue

A¡f`p¡V®$ rhS>¡sp

v$rnZ L$p¡qfep_p rkep¡g Mps¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ `qfjv$

(A¡.ku.ApB.) Üpfp cpfs_p l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡_p fpÆh Np„^u

Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ "fp¡g Ap¡a A¡L$kgÞk' `yfõL$pf âpá \ep¡

lsp¡. fpÆh Np„^u A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ AdyL$ î¡ZuAp¡dp„ gNpspf `p„Q hj®

vy$r_ep_p A¡f`p¡V®$dp„ V$p¡Q_p ÓZdp„ õ\p_ dýey R>¡. s¡dS> hj®

f013dp„ `-1` rdrge_ epqÓL$p¡_u î¡Zudp„ A¡f`p¡V®$_p¡ buÅ¡ kp¥\u

kpfu k¡hp NyZhÑp `yfõL$pf d¡mìep¡ lsp¡. Ap A¡f`p¡V£ ` `¥L$u 4.80

A„L$ âpá L$ep® lsp. S>epf¡ hj® f01fdp„ 4.71 A„L$ âpá L$ep® lsp. A¡

rkhpe vy$r_epdp„ kp¥\u kpfu k¡hp_u NyZhÑp âv$pspAp¡dp„ qv$ëlu_y„

BqÞv$fp Np„^u Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ buÅ õ\p_ `f R>¡ A_¡ dy„bB_y„

R>Ó`rs rihpÆ Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ `p„Qdp„ õ\p_¡ füy lsy.

A¡k.ku.ApB.

Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡f`p¡V® `qfjv$ (A¡k.ku.ApB.)

A¡f`p¡V®$_y„ A¡L$ h¥[ðL$ A¡L$d R>¡. S>¡ kfL$pfu A_¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue k„NW$_p¡ kp\¡ s¡d_p rlsp¡_„y ârsr_r^Ðh

L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ A„sN®s 174 v$¡ip¡_p 1,7`1 A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ kpd¡g

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp R>¡.

cp¥rsL$ h¥opr_L$ `°p ̧.s¡rS„>v$f qhv$} "_pBV$

b¡Qgf kçdp_' \u `yfõL©$s

"gpS®> l¥X2$p¡_ L$p¡gpBX$f' `f L$f¡gp L$pep£ bv$g ÅZusp

s¡dS> L$p ̧ç`¥L$V$ çe|Ap¡_ kp¡g¡_p¡eX$ (ku.A¡d.A¡k.) qfkQ®

n¡Ó¡ dlÐh`|Z® ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`_pf cpfsue dym_p A_¡

rb°V$__p kp¥\u ârs[›$s cp¥rsL$ h¥opr_L$p¡ `¥L$u_p âp ̧.s¡rS„>v$f

hv$}_¡ "_pBV$ b¡Qfg kçdp_'\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep

lsp. Ap kÞdp_ kp\¡ S> s¡Ap¡ A_¡ s¡d_p klep¡Nu V$p ̧d

qL$åbg "_pBV$1k lyX$' b_u Nep R>¡.

rb°V$__p dlpfpZu A¡rgTpb¡\-f _p S>Þdqv$_ `f fS|

\e¡gu kçdpr_sp¡_u k|Qu 13 S|>_¡ Åfu \B lsu. Ap k|Qu

A_ykpf âp ̧.s¡rS„>v$f qhv$} kp\¡ AÞe cpfsue d|m ^fphsp

h¥opr_L$ A_y`d Ap¡Tp_¡ "Ap¡X®$f Ap ̧a rb°qV$i A¡ç`pef'

kÞdp_\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

âp

̧

.s

¡rS

„>v$f qhv$}

L$p ̧ç`¡L$V$ çe|Ap¡_ kp¡g¡_p¡eX$

(ku.A¡d.A¡k.) qfkQ® n¡Ó¡

âep¡N A„sN®s rS>_¡hp Mps¡

\e¡gp "gpS®> l¥X2$p¡_ L$p¡gpBX$f'dp„

ApqÎhL$ cp¥rsL$_p n¡Ó¡ kpfp

A¡hp `qfZpdp¡ âpá \ep lsp.

S>¡dp„ ql„ÁT bp¡Tp¡_ L$¡ N ̧p¡X$

`pqV®$L$g_u Ac|s`|h® ip¡^ kpd¡g

lsu. Np¡X®$ `pqV®$L$g L$p¡B`Z

AÏdp„ cpf `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡.

A¡f`p¡V®$ L$pDqÞkg BÞV$f_¡i_g (A¡.ku.ApB.)_u L$p¡qfep_p

rkep¡g Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s 9du b¡W$L$dp„ kp¥\u kpfp A¡f`p¡V®$_u î¡Zudp„

lhpB k¡hp NyZhÑp (A¡.A¡k.L$ey) `yfõL$pf L$p¡gL$Ñp A¡f`p¡V®$_¡

A¡_pes L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡ A¡f`p¡V®$_p X$pef¡L$V$f

bu.`u.idp®A¡ õhuL$pf L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap `yfõL$pf î¡Zudp„ A¡hp A¡f`p¡V®$_¡

kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp L$¡, S>¡_¡ hj® f01f A_¡ f013 hÃQ¡

f¡qV„$Ndp„ dp¡V$p¡ ky^pfp¡ L$ep¡® lp¡e.A¡.A¡k.L$ey. `yfõL$pfp¡_u Qpf î¡Zu

S>¡hu L$¡, kp¥\u kpê$ A¡f`p¡V®$, ApL$pf A_ykpf kp¥\u kpê$ A¡f`p¡V®$, _p_y

A¡f`p¡V®$ A_¡ b¡õV$ Hâyhd¡ÞV$ R>¡.

krh®k L$hp

̧rgV$u `yfõL$pf-L$p

¡

gL$Ñp A¡f`p

¡V®$

hu.kp¡dpky„v$fd cpfs fÐ_ S>¡.Apf.X$u.

V$pV$p `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s õhfpS> `p ̧g gpBa

V$pBd AQhud¢V$

`yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s

AN°Zu A¡_.Apf.ApB. DÛp¡N`rs gp¡X®$ õhfpS>

`p¡g_¡ 13 S|>__p fp¡S> rb°V$¡_ Ap^pfus ìep`pf k„O

Üpfp gpBaV$pBd AQuhd¡ÞV$ `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s

L$fhpdp„ Apìep. Ap `yfõL$pf s¡d_¡ h¡X$_¡k`fu_p h¡õV$

rdX$g¥X$1kdp„ ågp¡L$ L„$V2$u A¡riepB ìep`pf

A¡kp¡rkA¡i__p hprj®L$ `yfõL$pfdp„ DÛp¡N, rinL$ A_¡

ragp\°¡`udp„ DÑd ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

d¥L$b°pBX$¡ Ap `yõsf f7 hj®_u he¡ gMu lsu. s¡d_¡ A¡L$ v$iL$ bpv$ âL$piL$ dýep lsp. N¥gu b¥Nf â¡k¡ s¡d_¡ 600

e|fp¡_u QyL$hZu buÆ `yõsL$ dpV$¡ L$fu lsu.

Ap `yõsL$ A¡L$ dqlgp_u `p¡sp_p cpB kp\¡_p k„b„^p¡_u A¡L$ L$lp_u R>¡. S>¡ Apefg¡ÞX$dp„ ^prd®L$ A_¡ ep¥_

ip¡jZ_u riL$pf R>¡.

Apeqfi g¡ML$ A¡rdef d¥L$b°pBX$

"b¡guS> âpBT ap ̧f raL$i_' rhS>¡sp \ep

Apeqfi g¡ML$ A¡rdef d¥L$b°pBX$ `p¡sp_ â\d D`Þepk "A Ng® BT A lpa ap¡d®X$ q\„N' bv$g 4 S>|__p fp¡S>

b¡guS> âpBT raL$i_ rhS>¡sp \ep lsp.

b¡guS> rhd¡Þk `°pBT-f014 dpV$¡_u ip¡V®$rgõV$ \e¡gu epv$u

Ty„`p gprlX$u_p "^ gp¡g¡ÞX$' kqls Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ AÞe `yõsL$p¡ QudpdpÞv$p _Np¡Æ Aqv$Qu_y„

"Ad¡qfL$p_pl', lp_p L$¡ÞV$_y„ "b°|A¡g fpBV$1k' Ap ̧X2$¡ dpNu_y„ "^ AÞX$f V$¡qL„$N', A¡df d¥L$b°pBX$_y„ "A Ng® BT

A lpa ap ̧çX®$ t\N', X$p¡Þ_p V$pË$p®'_y„ "^ Np¡ëX$taQ' `k„v$ \ep_u Op¡jZp 8 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp\u

rhS>¡sp \_pf_u Op¡jZp g„X$_ Mps¡ 4 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

B.k.1996dp„ drlgpAp¡ Üpfp guqMs Ap„sffpô2$ue raL$i__¡ âp¡Ðkplus L$fhp_p l¡sy\u Ap `yfõL$pf_u

iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf rb°V$__p¡ A¡hp¡ A¡L$dpÓ hprj®L$ `yfõL$pf R>¡ S>¡ drlgp L$pë`r_L$

L$\pL$pfp¡_¡ âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

âÐe¡L$ hj£ Ap `yfõL$pf vy$r_epcf_u drlgp g¡qML$pAp¡_¡ DÐL©$ô$sp, dp¥rgL$sp A_¡ `lp¢Q_¡ DÐkh_u S>¡d

d_phu_¡ rhS>¡sp_¡ N°uS>¡g r_h¡_ Üpfp b_phpe¡gy L$p„kp_y„ ârsL$ rQÞl b¡fku âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kp\¡

fp¡L$X$ fL$d_p¡ Q¡L$ `Z A`®Z \pe R>¡. Ap `yfõLpf `l¡gp "Ap ̧f¡ÞS> âpBT' _p _pd\u `Z ÅZusp¡ lsp¡.

B.k.1996 (â\d `yfõL$pf) - A õ`¡g Ap ̧a thV$f (l¡g_ Xy$_dp¡_

B.k.1997 (buÅ¡ `yfõL$pf)-L$e|rNqV$h `uk¡k (A¡_u dpBL$ëk)

B.k.f010 - ^ gpLy$_p (bpfbfp qL„$N õgp¡hf)

B.k.2011-^ V$pBNk® hpBa (V$u Ap¡bf¡V$)

B.k.f01f - ^ kp¢N Ap ̧a AL$uguT (d¡X$rg_ rdgf)

B.k.f013 - hu.bu. ap ̧fNuh_ (A¡.A¡Q. lp¡çk)

b¡guS> rhd¡Þk âpBT ap ̧f raL$i_ rhj

¡

`yfõL$pf_p L$¡V$gpL$ `|h® rhS>¡spAp¡_u k|rQ

`yõsL$ rhj¡ :

d|s}v$¡hu `yfõL$pf-f013 bv$g h¥opr_L$ A_¡

g¡ML$ fp^pL©$óZ__p _pd_u Ål¡fps

L$ep D`Þepk bv$g dmi¡ `yfõL$pf ?

lphX®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_u 363du hj®Np„W$ v$frdep_ lphX®$ R>pÓ k„O_u

hprj®L$ b¡W$L$dp„ âqsq›$s lphX®$ d¡X$g `°pá L$f_pf sfuL$¡ drlÞÖp N©`_p

Ap_„v$ drlÞÖp â\d ìeqL$s bÞep R>¡. s¡d_¡ Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ e|r_hrk®V$u

ârs kd`®Z, Dv$pfsp A_¡ k¡hp bv$g `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡Ap¡ Ap

e|r_hrk®V$u_p c|s`|h® rh^p\} R>¡.

lphX®$ d¡X$g âpá L$f_pf â\d

ìeqL$s Ap_„v$ drlÞÖp

v$rnZ ApräL$p_p dlp_ _¡sp _¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp_p kÞdp_dp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$

dlpk„^ Üpfp "ey_pBV$¡X$ _¡i„k _¡ëk_ fp¡rlëgplp d„X$¡gp âpBT' iê$ L$fhp

Op¡jZp \B R>¡. S>¡_u iê$Aps 30 _h¡çbf 2014 bpv$ \i¡.

_

¡

ëk_ d

„

X

¡

gp_p kçdp_dp

„

k

„

eyL$s fpô2$ A¡

hp

¡

X®$ A`pi¡

"_¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp_¡ Ap`Zu kh®î¡›$ îÂ^p„S>gu iåv$p¡ L$¡

kdpfp¡l Üpfp _\u Ap`u iL$psu bëL$¡ s¡ dipg_¡ ApNm gB

S>B_¡ Ap`u iL$pe R>¡, S>¡ s¡dZ¡ Ap`Zp lp\dp„ Ap`u lsu.'

- bp_ L$u d|_

13

Page 16 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 16

dpÓ kps hj®_u he_u f¡su `f ApL©$rsAp¡ b_phhp_y„ iê$ L$f_pf A_¡ AÐepf

ky^udp„ Ak„¿e f¡s L$gpL©$rsAp¡ b_phu QyL$_pf Ap¡qX$kp fpS>e_p `yfu Mps¡ hksp

L$gpL$pf kyv$i®_ `V$_peL$ Ad¡rfL$p_p A¡V$gp„qV$L$

rkV$u Mps¡ f7 S|>_¡

hëX®$L$` Ap ̧a k¦X$

õL$ë`qV„$N- f014dp„ r``ëk

Qp¡Bk `yfõL$pf

rhS>¡sp bÞep lsp.

s¡dZ¡ `yfõL$pf

k¡h V2$u, k¡h ^

ae|Qf L$pe® bv$g âpá \ep¡ lsp¡.

Ap hëX®$L$` Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Apep¡rS>s \_pf â\d hëX$®L$` lsp¡. ârsep¡rNsp_u

iê$Aps 19 S|>_¡ \B lsu. S>¡dp„ rhð_p f0 S>¡V$gp â¿eps f¡s L$gpL$pfp¡A¡ cpN

gu^p¡ lsp¡. âÐe¡L$ L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ `p¡sp_u L$gpL©$rs b_phhp dpV$¡ 10 V$_ f¡su A_¡ 30

L$gpL$ S>¡V$gp¡ kde Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. kyv$i®_ `V$_peL$¡ Ad¡qfL$u L$gpL$pf

d¥Õe| fp¡e kp\¡ eyNg hN®dp„ `Z cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡. b„_¡A¡ dmu_¡ f¡s `f

spS>dl¡g_u L$gpL©$qs b_phu lsu. eyNg î¡Zudp„ s¡Ap¡ `p„Qdp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, kyv$i®_ `V$_peL$ hs®dp_ dyv«pAp¡ A_¡ kpdprS>L$ ÅN©rs

k„b„^u rhjeL$ f¡su_u L$gpL©$rsAp¡ b_phhp dpV$¡ ÅZusp R>¡.

"

'

hëX®$L$` Ap ̧a k¦X$ õL$ë`qV„$N-f014- r``ëk

Qp¡Bk `yfõL$pfdp„ kyv$i®_ `V$_peL$ rhS>¡sp

`pqL$õsp_u qL$ip¡fu dgpgp e|kyaS>B_¡ ragpX$¡rëaep Mps¡ _¡i_g L$p ̧qÞõV$1e|i_ k¢V$f_p¡ "rgbV$}

d¡X$g' A¡_pes L$fhp_u Op¡jZp \B R>¡. S>¡ f1 Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf¡ A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ A¡_pes L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

B.k.1989\u ârs hj® âv$p_ \sp¡ "rgbV$} d¡X$g' `pR>gp hj£ sÐL$prg_ Ad¡qfL$u rhv$¡i d„Óu

qlg¡fu qL$g„V$__¡ A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡.

"rgbV$} d

¡

X$g' dgpgp e|kyaSy>B_

¡

_pd

¡

gv«pM Ap„sffpô$ue raëd dlp¡Ðkh_y„ ÓuSy> k„õL$fZ f7 S>y_ \u f9 S|_ v$fqdep_ S>çd|-

L$píduf_p g¡l Mps¡ ep¡Åey lsy. S>¡dp„ `0 \u h^y raëdp¡_y„ õ3⁄4$uq_„N L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. S>¡dp„

bp¡guhyX$, A_¡ L$p¡rfepB raëdp¡ kpd¡g lsu. dlp¡Ðkhdp„ bp¡guhyX$_u "L$paufp¡ L$u _dpT' (^

hrS®>_ ApÁe|®d¢V$1k)_¡ Qpf A_¡ Bfp_u "h¥V$ g¥V$k®'_¡ ÓZ `yfõL$pf âpá \ep lsp.

- kh®î¡›$ q_v$£iL$ (gOy raëd) : rhcpfu ìepL|$m

- S>e|fu N°p„X$ `yfõL$pf : ìlpBV$ h¥_ õV$p¡fuS> - îug„L$p

- kh®î¡›$ h©ÑrQÓ raëd : fp¡L$ X$pëV$_ - g¡V$1k i|V$ ^ _pBV$-L$e|bp

- N°p„X$ S>e|fu `yfõL$pf : ^ lp¡d L$tdN-h¡_¡T|A¡gp

- b¡õV$ X$¡åe| : ^ hrS®>_ ApÁe|®d¡ÞV$k-cpfs

- kh®î¡›$ Aqc_¡Óu : h¥V$ g¡V$k®-Bfp_

- kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡sp : Apgp¡L$ Qsyh£v$u A_¡ v$¡f Q„Ölpk rshpf

(^ hrS®>_ ApÁe®|d¡ÞV$1k-cpfs)

- kh®î¡›$ R>pep„L$_ : h¥V$ g¡V$k® - Bfp_

- kh®î¡›$ `V$L$\p : ^ hrS®>_ ApÁe®|d¢V$1k

- kh®î¡›$ r_v$£iL$ : h¥V$ g¡V$k® - Bfp_

- kh®î¡›$ raQf : ^ hrS®>_ ApÁe|®d¡„V$1k-cpfs

gv«pM Ap

„

sffpô2$ue raëd dlp

¡

Ðkh_

„

y ÓuSy> k

„

õL$fZ

`yfõL$pf âpáuL$sp®

kçdp_ rhjeL$ :

_¡`p¡rge_ bp¡_p`pV®$ Üpfp 19 d¡ 180f_p fp¡S>

õ\p`hpdp„ Aph¡gp "Ap ̧rakf Ap ̧a ^ guS>_ Ap ̧a

Ap ̧_f' äp„k_y kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ kçdp_ R>¡. S>¡ `p„Q qX$N°udp„

rhcpÆs R>¡. (1) i¡h¡rgef (_pBV$), (f) Ap ̧rakf

(Ap ̧rakf), (3) L$dp„X$1e|f (L$dp„X$f), (4) N°p„X$

Ap ̧rakf (N°p„X$ Ap¡rakf) (`) N°p„X$ 3⁄4$p¡BL$k (N°p„X$

3⁄4$p ̧k)

kçdpr_s \_pf iplê$MMp_ Ardspc

bÃQ_ bpv$ buÅ Arc_¡sp :

bp¡guhyX$_p bpv$ipl iplê$MMp__¡ s¡d_p rk_¡dpdp„ Ap`¡gp ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g äp„k Üpfp

"guS>_ Ap ̧a Ap ̧_ffu Ar^L$pfu' sfuL$¡ 30 S|>_¡ äp„k_p rhv$¡i d„Óu gp¥f¡V$ a¥rbek_u cpfs epÓp

v$frdep_ kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap kçdp_ äp„k A_¡ rhv$¡iu _pNqfL$p¡_¡ äp„k Üpfp

âv$p_ \sy kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ kçdp_ R>¡.

Ap kçdp_\u kçdpr_s \_pf iplê$MMp_ dlp_peL$ Ardspc bÃQ_ bpv$ buÅ

bp¡guhyX$ Arc_¡sp R>¡. Ardspc bÃQ_ hj® f007dp„ Ap `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp.

ANpD gsp d„N¡iL$f A_¡ kÐÆs f¡ `Z Ap kçdp_ `°pá L$fu QyL$ep R>¡.

"guS>_ Ap

̧

a Ap

¡

_f' - iplê$MMp_ kçdpr_s

Qu__p fpô2$`rs iu rT_t`N¡ "`„Qiug' rkÂ^p„s_u 60du hj®Np„W$_p

Ahkf¡ Qu__p N°¡V$ lp¡g Ap ̧a `u`gdp„ Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ cpfs_p

D`fpô2$`rs A¡d.lrdv$ A„kpfu s\p çep„dpf_p fpô2$`rs \¡_ k¡__u

lpS>fudp„ kd|lp¡ s\p ìeqL$s rhi¡j Üpfp `„Qiug rkÂ^p„sp¡_p `p„Q

rkÂ^p„sp¡dp„ ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hp s\p s¡ âL$pf_p l¡sy\u h^y_¡ h^y gp¡L$p¡ Å¡X$pe

s¡ dpV$¡ â¡qfs L$f_pf dpV$¡ kl AqõsÐh `p„Q rkÂ^p„s rdÓsp `yfõL$pf A_¡

qióeh©rÑ_u Op¡jZp f9 S|>_¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

`„Qiug k„r^_u hj®Np„W$_p D`gÿedp„ cpfs A_¡ Qu_ Üpfp hj®

f014_¡ "d¥Óu `|Z® Apv$p_ âv$p_ hj®' Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

`„Qiug_u 60du hj®Np„W$_p Ahkf¡ k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du Üpfp Qu_ Mps¡

"[Ágçk¡S> Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep a¡qõV$hg' A„sN®s A¡L$ L$pe®3⁄4$d âõsys L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡.

`„Qiug rkÂ^p„s_u iê$Aps cpfs_p `|h® hX$pâ^p_ S>hplfgpg _l¡ê$

A_¡ Qu__p sÐL$prg_ hX$pâ^p_ QpD A¡_gpB Üpfp hj® 19`4dp„ \B

lsu. bpv$dp„ çep„dpf Üpfp `Z Ap rkÂ^p„s A`_phhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap

`p„Q rkÂ^p„s _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡_p R>¡.

(1) k„âcysp A_¡ n¡Óue AM„X$sp_y„ `fõ`f kÞdp_ L$fhy.

(f) `fõ`f ê$`¡ Ap3⁄4$dL$ _ \hy

(3) A¡L$buÅ_u Ap„sqfL$ bpbsp¡dp„ v$Mg _ v$¡hu

(4) kdsp A_¡ `fõ`f gpc

(`) ip„rs`|Z® klAqõsÐh

V$¥N `yfõL$pf apDÞX$¡i_ Üpfp 18 S|>_¡ â\d V$¥N `yfõL$pf Qpf S>¡V$gu

î¡ZuAp¡dp„ Ål¡f L$ep® lsp,$ S>¡ _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡ R>¡.

(1) kss rhL$pk :

Ap î¡Zu_p `yfõL$pf bv$g _p¡h£_p `|h® hX$pâ^p_ N°p¡ lpg£d b°y_g¡ÞX$_¡ kss

rhL$pk A_¡ _¡s©Ðhdp„ L$pe®Þhl_ bv$g âv$p_ \ep¡.

(f) Qu_u cpjp op_ :

Qu_u Ad¡qfL$u BrslpkL$pf e| teN ril_¡ Qu_u bp¥qÂ^L$, fpS>_uqsL$ A_¡

kp„õL©$rsL$ Brslpk A_¡ Qu_dp„ kph®S>r_L$ byqÂ^ÆhuAp¡_p Brslpkdp„ Nl_

k„ip¡^_ Ap`hp_u dlpfs bv$g Ap î¡Zu_p¡ `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep¡.

(3) bpep¡ apdp®õe|qV$L$g rhop_ :

Ad¡qfL$p_p S>¡çk `u.A¡guk_ A_¡ Å`p__p skyLy$ lp¢Å¡_¡ L$¡Þkf kpd¡ gX$hp

dpV$¡ iqL$sipmu âqsfnp âZpgu_p âpf„rcL$ QfZ kdp_ ku.V$u.A¡g.A¡.-4

A_¡ `u.X$u.-1 ip¡^ bv$g kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep. S>¡ Bçdy_p¡ \¡fp`u_u

iê$Aps R>¡.

(4) L$p_|__y„ ipk_ :

v$rnZ ApräL$p_p k„h¡^pr_L$ Þepepge_p `|h® Þeped|qs® A¡ëgu kpfk_¡

vy$r_epcfdp„ dp_h Ar^L$pfp¡ A_¡ Þepe dpV$¡_p s¡d_p ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g

kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep. f„Nc¡v$ kpd¡ gX$hp `p¡sp_y„ `|Z® Æh_ A`®Z L$f_pf

A¡ëguA¡ v$.ApräL$p_y„ _hy k„rh^p_ gMhpdp„ `Z dv$v$ L$f¡gu R>¡.

`yfõL$pf rhjeL$ :

Ap `yfõL$pf dp_hsp Üpfp Ap^yq_L$ S>rV$g rhðdp„ kpd_p¡ L$fu iL$psp `X$L$pfp¡_¡

âqsqb„rbs L$fhp âp¡Ðkpqls L$f¡ R>¡. Ap `yfõL$pfdp„ A¡hu î¡ZuAp¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡ S>¡ _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pfdp„ kpd¡g _\u.

qX$k¡çbf f01fdp„ spBhp__p dyX$u`rs X$p ̧.k¥dyAg rQ_¡ V$¥N `yfõL$pf apJX$¡i__u

õ\p`_p L$fu lsu. S>¡ spBhp_dp„ âv$p_ \sp¡ â\d Ap„sffpô2$ue AL$pv$rdL$ `yfõL$pf R>¡.

S>¡_u iê$Aps hs®dp_ hj®\u \B R>¡. `yfõL$pf_p¡ l¡sy _hu_sp_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ A_¡

k„b„r^s n¡Ódp„ ârscpAp¡_y `pjZ A_¡ rhL$pk L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

V$¥N `yfõL$pf-f014

"kl AqõsÐh dpV$¡ `p„Q rkÝ^p„s

rdÓsp `yfõL$pf A_¡ rióeh©rÑ'

`„Qiug rkÂ^p„s

Page 17 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 17

Np¡hp 3⁄4$p„rs qv$hk : 18 S|>_

18 S|>_ 1946_p fp¡S> X$p ̧.fpdd_p¡lf gp¡rlep Üpfp Np¡hp_p

gp¡L$p¡_¡ `p¡Vy®$rNÅ¡\u dyqL$s d¡mhhp AhpS> DW$phhp â¡qfs L$fhpdp„

Apìep lsp. 18 S|>_¡ \e¡gu Ap 3⁄4$p„rsA¡ Np¡hp_u ApTpv$u_u

gX$s_¡ dS>bys b_phu_¡ ApNm h^pfu lsu. A_¡ Ap gX$s gp„bp

kde ky^u Qpgu lsu. 1 9 q X $ k ¡ ç b f

1961_p fp¡S>

cpfsue k¡_pA¡

Np¡hp `f Ap3⁄4$dZ

L$fu_¡ s¡_¡

`p¡Vy®$NuÅ¡_p

Apr^`Ðedp„\u

dyL$s L$fpìey A_¡

cpfsdp„ kpd¡g

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

dpV$¡ âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ 18

S|>__p qv$hk¡ Np¡hp

3⁄4$p„rs qv$hk sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A_¡ Ap Ahkf `f A_¡L$

L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_ hj£ `Z

fpS>eõsf_p¡ dy¿e kdpfp¡l `ZÆ_p ApTpv$ d¡v$p_ Mps¡ ep¡Åep¡

lsp¡. S>ep„ fpS>e`pg cfshuf hp„Qy_p _¡s©Ðh sm¡ dy¿ed„Óu

d_p¡lf `qfL$f_u lpS>fudp„ fpS>e_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ Np¡hp_u ApTpv$u dpV$¡

`p¡sp_p Æh__y„ brgv$p_ Ap`_pfpAp¡_y„ õdfZ L$fu_¡ s¡_¡

îÂ^pkyd_ A`®Z L$ep® lsp.

rhð k„Nus qv$hk

gp¡L$p¡_p¡ k„Nus âÐe¡_p¡ `°¡d A_¡ rhðpk Ap¡R>p¡ _ \pe s¡ dpV$¡ ÅN©rÑ gphhp_p Dv«¡i\u f1 S|>__p qv$hk_¡ rhð

k„Nus qv$hk sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ k„Nus kdpfp¡l sfuL$¡ `Z Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_p A¡L$ k„NusL$pf ep¡A¡g L$p¡l¡_ Üpfp B.k.1976dp„ Ap qv$hk d_phhp_u hps L$l¡hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

`f„sy s¡_u DS>hZu_u iê$Aps äp„kdp„ â\dhpf f1 Sy>_ 198f_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. ApS>¡ rhð k„Nus qv$hk

110 v$¡ip¡dp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ f1 S|>_¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aphsp rhïh k„Nus rv$hk_¡ "a¡V$¡ X$u gp çe|qTL$' A\p®s çeyrTL$ a¡õV$uhg sfuL$¡

`Z Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. rhð k„Nus qv$hk_u DS>hZu_¡ L$pfZ¡ AgN AgN fus¡ çe|qTL$ âp¡`N¡ÞX$p s¥epf L$fhp

kp\¡ k„Nus r_óZp„s A_¡ _hp L$gpL$pfp¡ A¡L$ d„Q `f Aph¡ R>¡.

dp_hsp_u k¡hp L$fhp_u S>hpbv$pfu qõhL$pf_pf A_¡ S>_sp_u k¡hp k„õ\p_p¡dp„ DÐL©$ô$sp A_¡ _hu_uL$fZ dpV$¡

ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`_pf_¡ s\p ârshj® Ap„sffpô2$ue õsf¡ DÐL©$ô$ L$pe® L$f_pf k„õ\pAp¡_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ S>_ k¡hp `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f013_u DS>hZu_p¡ rhje `qfhs®_L$pfu B-Nh_®d¡ÞV$ A_¡ Arc_h :

v$f¡L$_¡ dpV$¡ A¡L$ bl¡sf crhóe_y„ r_dp®Z lsp¡. s¡dS> `yfõL$pf bl¡fu__u fpS>^p_u d_pdp Mps¡ f4 \u f7 S|>_ v$frdep_

Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, B.k.f00fdp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpA¡ f3 S|>__¡

k„eyL$s fpô2$ gp¡L$k¡hp qv$hk õhê$`¡ DS>hhp_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu eyhpAp¡_¡ gp¡L$k¡hp rhjeL$ L$pfqL$v$} b_phhp dpV$¡ â¡qfs L$f¡ R>¡. k„eyL$s fpô2$ Ap qv$hk¡ k„eyL$s

fpô2$ gp¡L$ k¡hp A¡hp¡X®$ âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ gp¡L$ k¡hp n¡Ó_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue `yfõL$pf R>¡.

"

'

k„eyL$s fpô2$ gp¡L$k¡hp qv$hk

hj® f014_p Ap qv$hk_p¡ fpô2$ue õsf¡ dy¿e kdpfp¡l _hu qv$ëlu_p rhop_ ch_ Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

S>¡ 3⁄4$ddp„ ApW$dp¡ lsp¡. Ap qv$hk_p Ahkf¡ âp ̧. `u.hu. kyMpÐd¡_p kçdp_dp„ fpô2$ue Ap„L$X$p `yfõL$pf õ\p`hpdp„ Apìep¡

lsp¡. S>¡ A„sN®s â\d `yfõL$pf fpô2$ue _d|_p kh£nZ L$pgp®ge_p `|h® dlpr_v$£iL$ A_¡ L$pe®L$pfu Ar^L$pfu X$p ̧. A¡_.A¡k.

ip÷u_¡ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

Ö dlpg_p¡rbk_p S>Þd qv$hk f9 S|>_¡ âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ s¡dZ¡

Ap`¡gp ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g cpfs kfL$pf õV$¡V$uõV$uL$ qv$hk sfuL$¡ DS>h¡ R>¡. S>¡ fpóV2$ue õsf¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,hj® f013_p Ahkf¡ â ̧p. ku.Apf.fph_p kçdp_ bv$g âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp¡ _¡i_g õV$¡V$uõV$uL$

A¡hp¡X®$ cpfsue qfTh® b¡ÞL$_p â¿eps Ap„L$X$pip÷u X$p ̧. Arcdp_ v$pk_¡ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap„L$X$p A_¡ L$pe®3⁄4$d

L$pep®Þhe s\p fkpeZ d„Óu îuL$p„s Lydpf S>¥_pA¡ X$p ̧. Arcdp_ v$pk_¡ ipg, b¡ gpM_u fp¡L$X$ A_¡ âirõs `Ó B_pd

õhê$`¡ Ar`®s L$ep® lsp. hj® f013_p¡ rhje îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf Ap„L$X$pip÷ lsp¡.

Ap qv$hk¡ v$¡icfdp„ k„g‚ d„Ópge, fpÄe kfL$pfp¡, fpô2$ue ârsv$i® kh£nZ_p v$¡icfdp„ Aph¡gp L$pep®gep¡, cpfsue

Ap„L$X$pL$ue k„õ\p_, e|r_hrk®V$uAp¡ rhN¡f¡dp„ k„Np¡[›$Ap¡, hpv$-rhhpv$ QQp®Ap¡, k„d¡g_p¡, âñp¡Ñf L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡, ìepMp_p¡,

r_b„^ âqsep¡rNspAp¡ rhN¡f¡_p dpÂed\u DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ap qv$hk_¡ DS>hhp_p¡ l¡sy kpdprS>L$-Apr\®L$ r_ep¡S>_ A_¡ _urs r_^p®fZdp„ âp ̧. âip„s Ö dlpg_p¡rbk_u c|rdL$p

rhj¡ S>_sp A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ eyhp_p¡dp„ ÅN©rs S>Nphu_¡ s¡d_¡ â¡fZp Ap`hp_p¡ R>¡.

Apr\®L$ ep¡S>_p A_¡ Ap„L$X$pip÷ rhL$pk_p n¡Ó¡ âip„s Q„

Q„

f3 S|>_ 1984dp„ `¡qfk

Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s Ap^yr_L$

Ap¡g„qç`L$ M¡g_u iê$Aps_¡

gÿedp„ fpMu_¡ rhðcfdp„ f3

S|>_¡ rhð Ap¡g„rç`L$ qv$hk¡

rhð_p âÐe¡L$ MyZpdp„

Ap¡g„qç`L$_p Apv$ip£_p¡ âQpf

L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fu R>¡. Ap

qv$hk¡ Ak„¿e eyhp_p¡, h©Â^p¡, `°v$i®_, v$p¥X$, k„Nus A_¡ i¥nrZL$

k¡rd_pf õhê$`¡ ep¡Åsu Nrsrhr^Ap¡dp„ fk`|h®L$ cpN g¡ R>¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue Ap¡g„qç`L$ qv$hk DS>hZu_u iê$Aps Ap„sffpô2$ue

Ap¡g„qç`L$ krdrs Üpfp B.k.1948dp„ qõhV$1Tg¡ÞX$_p il¡f k¡ÞV$

dp¡qfÐS> Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s krdrs_p 4fdp„ kÓ v$fqdep_ r_Z®e L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡ L$¡ rhðcfdp„ âÐe¡L$ hj® Ap k„NW$__u fQ_p_u rsr\`f

f3 S|>__p qv$hk¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue Ap¡g„qç`L$ qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Aphi¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue Ap¡g„qç`L$ qv$hk :

f3 S|>_

f9 S|>_

¡ õV$¡V$uõV$uL$ X$¡ DS>hpep

¡

hj® 2014_p¡ rhje: "k¡hpn¡Ó_p Ap„L$X$p'

rhð k„Nus rv$hk-f1 S|>_

k„Nus A¡V$g¡ iy„ ? Å¡ Ap âñ_p¡ DÑf `„qX$s kpf„Nv$¡h Üpfp frQs

N„°\"k„Nus fÐ_pL$f' A_ykpf d¡mhuA¡ sp¡ Nus, hpÛ A_¡ _©Ðe Ap

ÓZ¡e_p¡ k„ep¡N A¡V$g¡ k„Nus. k„Nus iåv$_p¡ k„r^-rhÃR>¡v$

"kd+Nus' \pe R>¡. k„NusuL$ cpjp A„sN®s L$p¡B`Z spg_p

âpf„rcL$ õ\p_ A\hp â\d dpÓp_¡ "kd' L$l¡ R>¡. A_¡ "Nus'

iåv$_p¡ A\® R>¡. "Npe_.' A\p®s1 ìep`L$`Z¡ "Nus' A„sN®s Npe_,

hpv$_ A_¡ _s®_ A¡d ÓZ¡ rhÛpAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. S>epf¡ buÅ

iåv$dp„ "õhf, spg, iyÂ^ ApQfZ lph-cph A_¡ iyÂ^ dyÖp'_¡

gNsp¡ rhje S> k„Nus R>¡.

cpfsue k„Nus_u DÐ`rÑ kpdh¡v$dp„\u \B lp¡hp_y„ dp_hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. kpdh¡v$ âpf„c\u A„s ky^u k„Nusde R>¡. îudv$1 cpNhv$1

Nuspdp„ îu L©$óZA¡ L$üy„ R>¡ L$¡ h¡v$p¡dp„ k„Nusê$`u kpdh¡v$ dpê$ S> õhê$` R>¡. A¡hy `Z dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L$¡, b°ûpÆA¡

k„Nus_u DÐ`rÑ L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ cNhp_ îu dlpv$¡hÆ_¡ kdr`®s L$ey ̄. cNhp_ cp¡mp_p\ Üpfp k„Nus A_¡ L$gp_p

v$¡hudp„ kfõhsu_¡ k„Nus A`®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey. A_¡ dpsp kfõhsu Üpfp `p¡sp_p dp_k`yÓ _pfv$Æ_¡ Ap L$gp

Ap`u_¡ s¡_¡ ÓZ¡ gp¡L$dp„ âkpqfs L$fhp Apv$¡i Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡_p `qfZpd õhê$` `©Õhu `f k„Nus L$gp_p¡

`°pvy$cp®h \ep¡.

cpfsdp„ k„Nus_u dy¿eÐh¡ b¡ i¥gu DÑfu k„Nus `Â^rs A_¡ v$rnrZ i¥gu `Â^rs âQgus R>¡.

vy$r_ep_u A\®ìehõ\p A_¡ kdpS>dp„ _prhL$p¡_p

ep¡Nv$p__¡ rbfv$phhp A_¡ s¡d_p L$pe® Üpfp DW$phpsp

Å¡Md_¡ kgpd L$fhp_p l¡sy\u vy$r_epcfdp„ f` S|>_¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue _prhL$ rv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡

s¡_p h¥[ðL$ Arcep__y„ Qp¡\y k„õL$fZ lsy. "_prhL$_p¡ qv$_.

_prhL$ qv$_ qv$hk_y â\d k„õL$fZ Ap„sffpô2$ue kdyÖu

k„NW$_ (ApB.A¡d.Ap¡.) Üpfp hj® f011dp„ DS>hpey

lsy.f` S|>__p qv$hk¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue _prhL$ qv$hk

DS>hhp_p¡ a¢kgp¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue kdyÖu k„NW$_ Üpfp hj®

f010dp„ g¡hpep¡ lsp¡. _prhL$ qv$hk_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_u

Ap¡åTh£T rgõV$dp„ kpd¡g L$fu v$¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

Ap âL$pf_p a¦kgp_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡ dprlsu dm¡ R>¡ L$¡,

Ap`Zp v$¥q_L$ Æh_dp„ D`ep¡Ndp„ Aph_pf gNcN v$f¡L$

hõsyAp¡ âÐen L$¡ AâÐen ê$`¡ kdyÖu `qfhl_\u

âcprhs R>¡. ApB.A¡d.Ap¡._p A_ydp_ A_ykpf

vy$r_ep_p dpg-h¡`pf_y„ Apif¡ 90% S>lpÅ¡ Üpfp

AphpNd_ \pe R>¡. _prhL$ S>lpÅ¡_p k„Qpg_ s\p

dpghplL$ S>lpÅ¡_p kyfrns A_¡ kgpds rhsfZ dpV$¡

S>hpbv$pf lp¡e R>¡.

hj® f014_p¡ rhje :- kss rhL$pk A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_u Myilpgu dpV$¡

ipk__y„ _hu_u L$fZ L$fhy

"

'

Ap

„

sffpô2$ue _prhL$ qv$hk-f` S|>_

Page 18 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 18

ð»ko h014Lkku rð»kÞ :

Ap

„

sffpóV2$ue bpm îd rhfp

¡^u qv$hk-14 S|>_, f014

vy$q_epcfdp„ 17 S|>_¡ rhð dê$õ\muL$fZ fp¡L$\pd qv$hk

(X$åëe|.X$u.ku.X$u.) d_phhpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡_p rhje `f dy¿e^pfpdp„ õ\peu

c|rd âb„^_ _ursAp¡ A_¡ â\pAp¡ `f S>mhpey `qfhs®_dp„ Ap`Zu kpd|rlL$

ârsq3⁄4$epAp¡_p gpc `f âL$pi `pX$hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

- S>mhpey `qfhs®_¡ A_yL|$m fus¡ c|rd A_¡ dpV$u `f Ar^L$ Âep_ Ap`hy

- õ\peu c|rd âb„^_ dpV$¡ kd\®_ âpá L$fhy.

- fpô2$ue S>mhpey `qfhs®_ A_yL|$g_ _ursAp¡dp„ c|rd A_¡ dpV$u_¡ kpd¡g

L$fhu A_¡ MpÛ kyfnpdp„ s¡_p dlÐh_¡ f¡MpqL„$s L$fhy.

- X$åëe|.ku.X$u.ku. f014 Arcep__u iê$Aps 3 dpQ®_p fp¡S> g¡kp¡\p¡-

ApräL$u `ep®hfZ qv$hk-h„Npfu d\pB qv$hk_p fp¡S> \B.s¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_p

f¡rNõsp_ v$iL$ A_y`pg_ A_¡ dê$õ\muL$fZ_u rhê$Â^_u gX$pB (hj®

f010-f0f0)_y„ k„ep¡S>_ `Z R>¡.

rhð dê$õ\muL$fZ fp¡L$\pd qv$hk B.k.199` \u DS>hhpdp„

Aphu füp¡ R>¡. s¡_p¡ Dv«¡i Ap„sffpô2$ue klep¡N\u h¡fp_ A_¡ vy$óL$pm_p

âcph_p¡ dyL$pbgp¡ L$fhp dpV$¡ ÅN©rs h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡. hj® 1994dp„

k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpA¡ `p¡sp_p âõsph

A¡/Apf.B.A¡k./49/11` dp„ b„S>f A_¡ vy$óL$pm kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp

dyv«p `f ÅN©rs h^pfhp A_¡ `uqX$s v$¡i Mpk L$fu_¡ ApräL$pdp„ k„eyL$s

fpô2$_p dê$õ\muL$fZ fp¡L$\pd L$Þh¡i__p L$pep®Þhe_ dpV$¡ Ap qv$hk_u

Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

cpfsdp„ DS>hZu :

L$¡qÞÖe `ep®hfZ A_¡ h_d„Óu âL$pi ÅhX$¡L$f¡ Ap qv$hk_p Ahkf¡

S>Zpìey lsy L$¡ fZ_¡ ApNm h^sy AV$L$phhp A¡L$ Arcep__u iê$Aps \i¡.

rdi_ qX$N°¡X$¡i_ Þe|V2$g S>m k„ip^_ d„Ópge, L©$rj d„Ópge, c|rd ky^pf

rhcpN A_¡ AÞe k„b„r^s rhcpNp¡_p¡ klep¡N g¡hpdp„ Aphi¡.

fZ_¡ h^sy AV$L$phhp

dpV$¡ rhðcfdp„ rhð

dê$õ\muL$fZ fp¡L$\pd

qv$hk 17 S|>_¡ DS>hpep¡

rhV$uqgNp¡ A¡V$g¡ iy ?

vy$q_epcfdp„ rhV$urgNp¡ fp¡N\u 100 rdrge_ L$fsp `Z h^y gp¡L$p¡ `uqX$s R>¡. Ap

fp¡Ndp„ fp¡Nu `p¡sp_u QpdX$u_p¡ âpL©$qsL$ f„N Æh_cf dpV$¡ Mp¡B b¡k¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

s¡Ap¡ brlóL$pf A_¡ c¡v$cph_p¡ riL$pf b_¡ R>¡. fp¡NuAp¡_¡ s¡d_p `qfhpf, Of A_¡

ApÆrhL$p\u lp\ ^p¡hp_p¡ hpfp¡ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap rbdpfu_p¡ ApS> ky^u L$p¡B BgpS> ip¡^u

iL$pep¡ _\u.

qv$hk_u DS>hZu A_¡ iê$Aps :

vy$r_epcfdp„ rhð rhV$urgNp¡ qv$hk f` S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ap

qv$hk Mpk fus¡ qhV$urgNp¡\u `uqX$sp¡ dpV$¡ kdr`®s lsp¡.

rhðdp„ Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu_u iê$Aps hj® f01f\u \B lsu. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy

Ap„sffpô2$ue ip¡^ A_¡ ÅN©rs Arcep_ A„sN®s rhV$urgNp¡ budpfu kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp

hj® f014_p rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk_p¡ rhje "_p_p

V$p`y A_¡ dp¥kddp„ `qfhs®_' fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

A_¡ õgp¡N_ "`p¡sp_u AhpT DW$php¡ _lu L$¡ kdyÖ_y„2 S>m

õsf' fpMhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

l¡sy :

` S|>_¡ ârshj® `ep®hfZ k„fnZ s\p s¡_¡ `lp¢Qu

fl¡gp MsfpAp¡ âÐe¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs a¡gphhp_p Dv«¡i\u

rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk-` S|>_

hj® f014_y„ õgp¡N_ : "`p¡sp_p¡ AhpT DW$php¡ _lu L$¡ kdyÖ_y„ S>mõsf'

lpr_L$pfL$ N¡k :

`ep®hfZ_p Ak„syg_ dpV$¡ L$pb®_ X$peAp¡L$kpBX$, L$pb®_

dp¡_p¡L$kpBX$, _pBV2$p¡S>_ X$pBAp¡L$kpBX$, du\¡_ dy¿eê$`¡

S>hpbv$pf R>¡.

rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk :

rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u õ\p`_p B.k.197fdp„ k„eyL$s

fpô2$_u kpdpÞe kcpdp„ \B lsu. Ap qv$hk¡ e|_pBV$¡X$ _¡iÞk

L$p¡Þä¡k Ap ̧_ le|d_ A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV$_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey

lsy. â\d rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u DS>hZu ` S|>_ 1973_p

fp¡S> \B lsu.

hj® f014_u DS>hZu ::

hj® f014_p¡ rhje : "_p_p V$p`| A_¡ dp¥kddp„ `qfhs®_'

qv$hk rhjeL$ :

X$åëey.X$u.ku.X$u. f014_p¡ l¡sy

hj® f014_p¡ rhje : "c|rddp„ crhóe

r_rls R>¡ - S>mhpey_¡ s¡_¡ kprbs L$fhp v$p¡'

rhð rhV$urgNp¡ qv$hk : f` S

|>_

qd\L$p¡ A_¡ hpõsrhL$sp `f ap¡L$k L$fhp_y„ A_¡ s¡_¡ k„b„r^s ip¡^ A_¡ rinZ

dpV$¡ S>ê$fu a„X$ A¡L$Ó L$fhp_y„ R>¡.

Ad¡rfL$p_p rhV$urgNp¡ v$v$} _¡V$hL®$_p k„õ\p`L$ õV$uh lpfNpX$p¡ A¡hp `l¡gp

ìeqL$s lsp S>¡d_¡ rhð rhV$urgNp¡ qv$hk DS>hhp_p¡ rhQpf Apìep¡ lp¡e.

bpv$dp„ Ap rhQpf_¡ rhV$urgNp¡ v$v$} Ap¡Np¡ dpX$1e|h¡kuA¡ rhL$rks L$fu_¡ A„qsd

ê$` Apàey lsy. s¡Ap¡ _pBÆqfepdp„ rhV$urgNp¡ k`p¡V®$ A_¡ Ahf_¡k

apJX$¡i__p k„õ\p`L$ A_¡ L$pe®L$pfu r_v$¡®iL$ R>¡.

cpfsdp„ DS>hZu :

cpfsdp„ Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu `u.Æ.ApB. Q„v$uNY$_p ÐhQp rhcpN Üpfp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. kyL$_p Tug `pk¡ rbdpfu\u Å¡X$pe¡gp d\L$p¡_¡ DÅNf

L$fhp fp¡X$ ip¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

hj® 2014_p rhïh bpm îd rhfp¡^u qv$hk_p¡ A¡S>ÞX$p

hj® 2014_p¡ rhje :

vy$r_epcfdp„ 1f S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> rhð

bpmîd rhfp¡^ qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ap

qv$hk_¡ âÐe¡L$ hj£ vy$r_ep_p M|Z¡ M|Z¡ kfL$pf,

r_ep¡L$spAp¡ A_¡ îrdL$p¡ k„NW$_p¡, rkrhg

kp¡kpeV$u kp\¡ gpMp¡ gp¡L$p¡ bpg îrdL$p¡_u vy$v®$ip

DÅNf L$fhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ dmu_¡ Ap

kdõep_p¡ DL$¡g L$¡hu fus¡ dm¡ s¡ rhj¡ hpsQus

L$f¡ R>¡.

DS>hZu_u iê$Aps :

rhð bpm îd rhfp¡^u qv$hk_u iê$Aps hj® f01fdp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue îd k„NW$_ Üpfp \B lsu. S>¡_y„ ap¡L$k

rhðõsf¡ bpmîd A_¡ s¡_¡ Ap¡Ry> L$fhp_p âepkp¡ `f Âep_ L$¡qÞÖs L$fhp_y lsy.

"kpdprS>L$

kyfnp_p¡ rhõspf : bpm îd_p¡

rhfp¡^'

-ApB.A¡g.Ap¡. cgpdZ A_ykpf kpdprS>L$ kyfnp_u iê$Aps, s¡dp ky^pfp¡ A_¡ rhõÐppf L$fhp dpV$¡

L$pe® L$fhy

-fpô2$ue kpdprS>L$ kyfnp âZprgAp¡ S>¡, bpmL$p¡_u S>ê$fuepsp¡ dpV$¡ k„h¡v$_iug R>¡ A_¡ bpmîd kpd¡

gX$hpdp„ dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ _bmp hN®_p bpmL$p¡ ky^u `lp¢Qsu kpdprS>L$ âZprgAp¡.

b°pTurgep Op¡jZp`Ó

hj® 2013dp„ bpmîd `f b°pTurgep Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡g ÓuÅ rhïh k„d¡g_dp„ Ap„sffpóV2$ue kdyv$pe¡

b°pTurgep Op¡jZp`Ó_¡ A`_pìey lsy. S>¡dp heõL$p¡ dpV$¡ kpfp L$pd_u S>ê$fs, v$f¡L$ bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ das,

Ar_hpe® A_¡ NyZhÑpeyL$s rinZ A_¡ v$f¡L$ dpV$¡ kpdprS>L$ kyfnp `f cpf v$¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

cpfs kfL$pf_u hj® f001_u hksu NZsfu A_ykpf cpfsdp„ 1 L$fp¡X$ f7 gpM bpmL$p¡ îdL$pe® kp\¡

Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. S>¡ cpfs_p Ly$g îrdL$p¡_u k„¿ep_p 3.6 % S>¡V$gu R>¡. kde `l¡gp îd L$pe®dp„ gpNu S>hp_¡ L$pfZ¡

bpmL$ qinZ A_¡ ârinZ\u h„rQs flu Åe R>¡. S>¡ îrdL$ bpmL$p_¡ `p¡sp_p `qfhpf A_¡ kdyv$pep¡_¡ Nfubu_p

rhj Q3⁄4$dp„\u DNpfhpdp„ dv$v$ê$` b_sy lp¡e R>¡. îrdL$ bpmL$p¡ ipfuqfL$, dp_rkL$ A_¡ _¥rsL$ eps_p\u

âcprhs \hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_p Æh_ `f v|$fp¡Npdu Akfp¡ `X$su lp¡e R>¡. qhïh õsf¡ `Z f1 L$fp¡X$ `0 gpM S>¡V$gp

bpm îqdL$p¡ R>¡. S>¡dp L$¡V$gpe¡ `|Z® kde_p dS>v|$fp¡ R>¡.

bpm îd rhfp¡^u Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk DS>hhp_u iê$Aps B.k. f00fdp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue îd k„NW$_ Üpfp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap qv$hk_¡ DS>hhp_p¡ l¡sy bpmL$p¡_p Ar^L$pfp¡_p kyfnp_u AphíeL$spAp¡_¡ DÅNf L$fhu

s\p bpmL$p¡_p dp¥rgL$ Ar^L$pfp¡_p D‰„O__¡ kdpá L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. Ap qv$hk¡ bpmîd rhj¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ ÅN©s L$fhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, 1f S|>_ f013_p fp¡S> Ap„sffpô2$ue bpmîd rhfp¡^u rv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡_p¡

rhje: " Of¡gy L$pe®\u bpmîd_u kdpáu ' lsp¡. Ap qv$hk¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue îd k„NW$_¡ bpmîd rhê$Â^dp„ h¥qïhL

Ap„v$p¡g_ Qgphhp_u A`ug L$fu_¡ Of¡gy L$pe® Üpfp bpm îd_¡ k„`|Z® fus¡ Msd L$fhp dpV$¡ L$p_|_u A_¡ _ursNs

ky^pfp `f_u bpbsp¡_¡$ dlÐh Apàey lsy. s¡dS> k„eyL$s fpô2$¡ `Z `p¡sp_u L$pe®hplu ep¡S>_p A„sN®s

Ap„sffpô2$ue îd k„NW$_ A_¡ s¡_p kv$õe fpô2$p¡ Üpfp hj® f016 ky^udp„ qhïh_¡ bpm îd\u dyL$s L$fhp

S>Zpìey R>¡.

Page 19 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 19

Ad|ëe A¡hp dp_h Æh__p fnZ dpV$¡ fL$s_u S>ê$fueps âqshj® s¡S> TX$`¡

h^u flu R>¡. qhïhcfdp„ h^¡gy AL$õdpsp¡_y„ âdpZ, `p¡jZ_p¡ Acph s\p

buÅ A_¡L$ âL$pf¡ dp¡V$pcpN_p v$¡ip¡dp„ kyfrns f1⁄4s_u Ap`|rs® `ep®á _ lp¡hp_¡

L$pfZ¡ v$v$}Ap¡_¡ kdekf s¡_u âpáu iL$e b_su _\u. f1⁄4s_u kyfrns âpásp

dpV$¡ S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡, gp¡L$p¡ L$p¡B`Z âL$pf_p õhp\® hNf f1⁄4sv$p_ dpV$¡ ApNm Aph¡.

k¡hp_p ^p¡fZ¡ f1⁄4sv$p_ L$fsp gp¡L$p¡_y„ f1⁄4s âp¡a¡i_g f1⁄4sv$psp_u syg_pA¡ h^y

kyfrns lp¡e R>¡.

fL$sv$p_ Üpfp ârshj® gpMp¡ gp¡L$p¡_p Æh bQphu_¡ Æh__¡ bl¡sf b_phu

iL$pe R>¡. qhïhcfdp„ õh¥qÃR>L$ f1⁄4sv$p__¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp_p Dv$1¡i\u âÐe¡L$

hj®¡ 14 S|>__p fp¡S> qhïh f1⁄4sv$psp qv$hk d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap qv$hk¡

v$f¡L$ f1⁄4sv$pspAp¡_¡ Arc_„v$_ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$¡, S>¡Z¡ buÅ_p Æh__¡

bQphhp dpV$¡ r_iyëL$ f1⁄4sv$p_ L$e®y lp¡e. hj® 2014_u DS>hZu_p¡ rhje

"dpsp_p bQph dpV$¡ kgpds fL$s ' lsp¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,hj® f013_p

qhïh f1⁄4sv$psp qv$hk_p¡ rhje: " f1⁄4sv$p_ L$fp¡, Æh__p¡ D`lpf Ap`p¡ '

lsp¡.

v$yr_epcf_p õh¥qÃR>L$ fL$sv$pspAp¡ âÐe¡ Apcpf ìeL$s L$fhp dpV$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aphsp

Ap„sffpô2$ue fL$sv$p_ qv$hk_u DS>hZu_u iê$Aps B.k.f004\u \B lsu. A¡.bu.Ap¡.

ågX$ N©` kuõV$d_p ip¡^L$ L$pg® g¡ÞX$ õV$¡B_f_p¡ S>Þd qv$hk 14 S|>_ 1868 lp¡hp\u s¡d_u

epv$dp„ rhð Apfp¡Áe k„õ\pA¡ `l¡g L$fu_¡ rhð_¡ fL$sv$p__y„ dlÐh kdÅhhp Ap qv$hk_u

DS>hZu_u iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

rhïh fL$sv$p_ qv$hk_u DS>hZu_p¡ buÅ¡ A¡L$ dlÐh_p¡ l¡sy ågX$ V2$p„kae|S>_ dpV$¡ kyfrns

fL$s_u D`gå^sp iê$ fpMhp_p¡ `Z R>¡.

"Qpgp¡ Ap`Z¡ kp¥ fL$sv$p_ L$fuA¡

A_¡ Ap`Zu dpspAp¡_¡ bQphuA¡'

kdekf kgpds fL$s dmu fl¡hp\u Ncp®hõ\p A_¡ bpmL$_p

S>Þd kde¡ \sp fL$s÷ph_¡ gu^¡ \sp dpsp_p d©Ðey_¡ AV$L$phu

iL$pe R>¡.

L©$rÓd fL$s b_phhp_p âepkp¡ lÆ iê$ R>¡ `f„sy lÆ ky^u s¡dp„ kamsp _

dmsp fL$s_p¡ L$p¡B rhL$ë` _\u. dpV$¡ dp_h Æh__u kyfnp L$fhp_u v$f¡L$_u _¥rsL$

S>hpbv$pfu R>¡, A¡hp gp¡L$p¡_u dv$v$ L$fhp_u L$¡ S>¡d_¡ fL$s_u S>ê$f R>¡.

õh¥qÃR>L$ fL$sv$psp `pk¡\u dm¡gy fL$s rl`¡V$pBV$uk-bu, d¡g¡qfep, rkargk

A_¡ A¡Q.ApB.hu. S>¡hp k„3⁄4$dZ\u dyL$s lp¡e R>¡. S>epf¡ ^„^pv$pfu fL$sv$pspAp¡

L$v$pQ Aphp N„cuf fp¡Np¡ fL$s kp\¡ A`®Z L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

dp_hsp dpV$¡ \e¡gy fL$sv$p_ A¡L$ dlpv$p_ R>¡, S>¡_u L$p¡B syg_p \B iL$su

_\u. fL$s_u S>ê$fueps L$p¡B_¡ `Z Nd¡ Ðepf¡ `X$u iL$¡ R>¡. hs®dp_ kde¡ gp¡L$p¡

fL$sv$p_ L$fhp ÅN©s \B füp R>¡.

"k¥a ågX$ ap ̧f k¡thN d^f'

- `p¡sp_p Apfp¡Áe_y„ r_erds Q¡L$A` \B Åe R>¡.

- ùv$efp¡N A_¡ õV2$p¡L$dp„ OV$pX$p¡

- L$¡Þkf_p Å¡Mddp„ OV$pX$p¡

- L$¡gfu bpmhpdp„ klpeL$pfL$

- L$pB¡ _„ y Æh_ bQpìep_p¡ A_f¡ p¡ Ap_v„ $ âpàs \pe R>.¡

- fL$sv$p_ L$fhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ ifufdp„ fL$s b_hp_u

âq3⁄4$ep TX$`u b_¡ R>¡.

r_erds fL$sv$p_\u \sp

Apfp¡Áe_p gpc

hs®dp_ hj®_u DS>hZu_p¡ Ddv$p l¡sy L$epf¡ \B DS>hZu_u iê$Aps ?

dp_h fL$s_p

¡

lÆ L$p

¡B rhL$ë` _\u

Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `qfhpf L$ëepZ d„Ópge lõsL$_p A¡BX$1k

r_e„ÓZ rhcpN Üpfp rhð fL$sv$p_ qv$hk_u 14 S|>_,

f014_p fp¡S> DS>hZu A_¡ fL$sv$p_ Aqcep_

Apep¡Æs \ey lsy. S>¡_y„ Dv$1OpV$_ L$¡qÞÖe Apfp¡Áe A_¡

`qfhpf L$ëepZ d„Óu X$p ̧.lj®h^®_¡ L$ey® lsy.

- ågX$ L$g¡L$i_ dpV$¡ Ars Ap^yq_L$ dp¡bpBg

hp_ NyS>fps `pk¡ 34 S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡ v$¡idp„ kp¥\u

h^y R>¡. S>¡_¡ dpV$¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf _pZp„L$ue

ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`u flu R>¡.

« L$p¡B`Z s„vy$fõs A_¡ 18 \u 60 hj®_u he ^fphsu ìeqL$s lp¡hp kp\¡ 4`

qL$.N°p. hS>_ s\p 1f.` % S>¡V$gy ârs X$¡kuguV$f rldp¡Ágp¡bu_ ^fph_pf

fL$sv$p_ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

« fÆõV$X®$ L$¡ gpekÞk ^fphsu kfL$pfu lp¡qõ`V$g L$¡ fL$sL$p¡j A\hp f¡X$ 3⁄4$p¡k

kp¡kpeV$u_p fL$sL$p¡jdp„ fL$sv$p_ L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

« fL$sv$p_dp„ gNcN ` rdr_V$_p¡ kde gpN¡ R>¡.

« fL$sv$psp A¡L$hpfdp„ 300\u 400 rdgu guV$f S>¡V$gy fL$s Ap`u iL$¡ R>¡. S>¡

ifufdp„ lpS>f fL$s_p¡ Apif¡ 1`dp¡ cpN lp¡e R>¡.

« fL$sv$p_¡ gB_¡ Ak„¿e c°p„rsAp¡ a¡gpe¡gu R>¡, S>epf¡ fL$sv$p_ L$ep® bpv$ f4

L$gpL$_u A„v$f S> _hy fL$s b_u Åe R>¡.

« L$p¡B`Z ìeqL$s 3 dpk_p A„sfpg bpv$ fL$sv$p_ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

« fL$sv$p_ L$fsp 10-1` rdr_V$ `|h£ b¡ Ágpk `pZu `uhy A_¡ fL$sv$p_ bpv$

10 \u 1` rdr_V$ Apfpd L$fhp¡ S>ê$fu R>¡.

fL$sv$p_ kp\¡ Å¡

X$pe

¡

gu L$¡V$guL$ Mpk hpsp

¡

:

NyS>fps fL$sv$p_dp

„

kp

¥\u ApNm :

cpfsdp„ DS>hZu :

- vy$O®V$_p_p riL$pf gp¡L$p¡_p Æh_ fnZ dpV$¡

- v$v$}_p Ap¡`f¡i_ kde¡

- fL$s_u L$du L$¡ A¡r_rdep_p v$v$}_¡

- bpmL$_p S>Þd kde¡ S>ê$f Dcu \hp `f Nc®hsu

drlgpAp¡_¡

- L$¢kf, \¡g¡k¡rdep S>¡hp fp¡N\u `uqX$s v$v$}Ap¡_¡

fL$s_p¡ D`ep¡N

`p¡sp_u v$fuepqv$gu dpV$¡ ÅZusp NyS>fpsuAp¡ fL$sv$p_

L$fhpdp„ `Z `pR>u `p_u L$ep® hNf kdN° v$¡idp„ kp¥\u

ApNm R>¡. fpS>e_p fL$sv$pspAp¡ l„d¡ip dpV$¡ Ly$v$fsu

Ap`rÑAp¡dp„ fL$sv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ kp¥\u ApNm lp¡e R>¡,

s¡d_¡ rh_„suAp¡ L$fhu `X$¡ R>¡ L$¡ lh¡ fL$s_u S>ê$f _\u.

è v$¡i_u Ly$g hksu_p 1.3 % gp¡L$p¡ fL$sv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

è v$¡idp„ fL$sv$p__u V$L$phpfu 0.78 % R>¡. v$¡i_p AÞe L$p¡B

fpS>edp„ 1.1 % \u h^y fL$sv$p_ \sy _\u.

è v$¡idp„ fL$sv$p_ dpV$¡_u rirbfp¡ ep¡Åe R>¡. s¡dp„ NyS>fps_y„

ep¡Nv$p_ 11.8 % R>¡.

è kdõs v$¡idp„ A¡3⁄4$¡qX$V$¡X$ ågX$ b¢L$p¡ 60 S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡ `¥L$u NyS>fpsdp„ 11 S>¡V$gu R>¡.

è NyS>fpsdp„ õh¥qÃR>L$ fL$sv$pspAp¡dp„ A¡Q.ApB.hu. _y„ âdpZ v$¡idp„ 0.30 % L$fsp AX$^y

R>¡.

è A¡L$ qv$hkdp„ A¡L$ S> kde¡ ep¡Åe¡gu rirbfdp„ f00ff e|r_V$ S>¡V$gp S„>Nu fL$sv$p__p¡ rhð

rh3⁄4$d `Z fpS>e_u kyfs ågX$ b¢L$_p _pd¡ _p¢^pe¡gp¡ R>¡.

è `pR>gp hj®¡ NyS>fpsdp„ Ly$g 79,0801 e|r_V$ S>¡V$gy fL$sv$p_ \ey lsy. S>¡ `¥L$u dp¡V$p cpN_y

õh¥qÃR>L$ fL$sv$pspAp¡ Üpfp âpá \ey lsy.

Page 20 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 20

v$f¡L$ he, n¡Ó A_¡ k„õL©$rs_u rh^hpAp¡_¡ rhi¡j Ap¡mM âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$

dlpkcp Üpfp f3 S|>_ f011_p fp¡S> â\dhpf Ap„sffpô2$ue rh^hp qv$hk_u Op¡jZp kp\¡

âqshj® s¡_u DS>hZu L$fhp_u bpbs_¡ Adgdp„ dyL$u lsu. hs®dp_ hj£ f3 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S>

vf Ap qv$hk vy$r_epcfdp„ DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

ApS>¡ vy$q_ep_u gpMp¡-L$fp¡X$p¡ rh^hpAp¡ Nfubu, brlóL$pf, tlkp, b¡Of, qbdpfu, _bmy

Apfp¡Áe A_¡ ep¥_ ip¡jZ S>¡hu kdõepAp¡ kp\¡ L$p_|_u rkõV$d_p kp\ hNf c¡v$cph kl_

L$fu flu R>¡. rh^hpAp¡ A_¡ s¡d_p bpmL$p¡ kp\¡_p¡ vy$ìe®hlpf ApS>¡ dp_h Ar^L$pf_y„ kp¥\u

N„cuf Dëg„O_ A_¡ hs®dp_ qhL$pkdp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$u bp^pAp¡ `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$ R>¡.

A¡L$ A_ydp_ A_ykpf 11` rdrge_ rh^hpAp¡ Nfubudp„ fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ 81 rdrge_

ipfuqfL$ ip¡jZ_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$f¡ R>¡. cpfsdp„ Apif¡ 40 rdrge_ rh^hpAp¡ A_¡ `rhÓ il¡f

h©„v$ph_ S>ep„ cNhp_ îu L©$óZ_p Æh__p¡ AdyL$ dlÐh`|Z® kde ìerss \ep¡ R>¡, s¡hp õ\m¡

ApS>¡ `Z ifdS>_L$ qõ\rsdp„ 1`,000 S>¡V$gu rh^hpAp¡ dpNp¡® `f hkhpV$ L$fu flu R>¡.

drlgp kiqL$sL$fZ_u DR>mu DR>mu_¡ hpsp¡ L$fsp _¡spAp¡, dp_hpr^L$pf L$pe®L$sp®Ap¡ A_¡

^d®_p _pd¡ fpS>_urs L$fsp W$¡L$¡v$pfp¡_¡ dp_h ^d®_p L$g„L$ kdp_ dqlgpAp¡_u Ap vy$v®$ip v$¡Mpsu

_l] lp¡e ?

kygc BÞV$f_¡i_g_p k„õ\p`L$ tbv$¡ðf `pW$L$¡ spS>¡sfdp„ cpfsdp„ rh^hpAp¡_p k„fnZ

dpV$¡ A¡L$ rh^¡eL$_y„ dpmMy s¥epf L$ey® R>¡. k„kv$_p bS>¡V$ kÓdp„ h©„v$ph_dp„ fl¡su lÅfp¡

rh^hpAp¡_u klpesp dpV$¡ A¡L$ rh^hp k„fnZ rh^¡eL$ b_phhp_u `Z BÃR>p ìeL$s \B lsu.

_iugu v$hpAp¡_p k¡h_ A_¡ Ah¥^ sõL$fu_u rhê$Ý^dp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk 26 S|>_ 2014_p

fp¡S> DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. lpg_p qv$hkp¡dp„ e|.A¡_. Ap¡.X$u.ku. Üpfp h¥[ðL$ v$hp kdõep rhj¡ ÅN©rs

a¡gphhp dpV$¡ Arcep_ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$dp„ k„O Üpfp 7 qX$k¡çbf 1983_p fp¡S> âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ f6 S|>_¡ Ap qv$hk DS>hhp_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu A_¡ â\dhpf f6 S|>_ 1988_p fp¡S> s¡_¡ DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. dpv$L$ `v$p\p£_p

vy$óâcphp¡ A_¡ s¡_u Apv$s R>p¡X$hp bpbs¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs `¡v$p L$fhp dpV$¡ âÐe¡L$ hj£ f6 S|>_¡ Ap qv$hk

d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,hj® f013_p Ap qv$hk_p¡ Dv$1¡i BÞV$f_¡V$ Üpfp M|ëg¡Apd

h¡Qhpdp„ Aphu fl¡gp dpv$L$ Öìep¡_p ìep`pf `f A„L|i dyL$hp_p¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rhðcfdp„ âÐe¡L$

hj£ 1` \u 64 hj®_u Jdf hN®dp„ Apif¡ f1 L$fp¡X$ gp¡L$p¡ _ip_p¡ riL$pf \pe R>¡. cpfsdp„ `Z _iugu

v$hpAp¡_p¡ ìep`pf `N `¡kpfp¡ L$fu Q|L$ey R>¡. A_¡ kfL$pf `Z Ah¥^ `v$p\p£_p dp¡V$p`pe¡ D`ep¡N kpd¡

s`pk_p L$¡V$gpe¡ dlÐh`|Z® L$v$d DW$phu flu R>¡.

Apfp¡Áe d„Ópge _ipdy[1⁄4s_p L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ Üpfp `Z âeÐ_iug R>¡.

hj® f014_p¡ rhje : A¡L$ bl¡sf vy$r_ep_u sfa âhprkAp¡ A_¡

ifZp\}Ap¡

vy$r_epcfdp„ ifZp\}Ap¡_y„ kd\®_ L$fhp dpV$¡ vy$r_epcf_u 20\u h^y l[õsAp¡A¡ 30 k¡L$ÞX$_u

A¡L$ huqX$ep¡ î©„Mgp Åfu L$fu lsu. S>¡dp dil|f gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu_p kd[Þhs

Arcep__p rlõkp ê$`¡ ifZp\}Ap¡_y„ kd\®_ L$ey® lsy.

âÐe¡L$ hj£ f0 S|__p qv$hk¡ âspX$_p, k„Oj® A_¡ tlkp_p `X$L$pfp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ `p¡sp_p¡ v$¡i

R>p¡X$u_¡ cpNu_¡ ifZp\} b_hp dS>b|f \hy„ `X¡ R>¡ s¡d_p ârs kplk, iqL$s, k„L$ë` A_¡ kçdp_

ìeL$s L$fhp rhð ifZp\} qv$hk d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ak„¿e v$¡ip¡ AgN AgN rsr\A¡ `p¡sp_¡ Ðep„ ifZp\} qv$hk DS>h¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ kp¥\u ANÐe_p¡

ApräL$p ifZp\} qv$hk R>¡. S>¡ ârs hj® f0 S|>__p qv$hk¡ d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. k„eyL$s fpô2$ Üpfp Ap

qv$hk_¡ B.k.f000 \u rhð ifZp\} qv$hk sfuL$¡ d_phhp_p¡ q_Z®e g¡hpep¡ lsp¡. A_¡

B.k.f001\u âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ f0 S|>__p fp¡S> s¡_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aphu flu R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj®

f013_p¡ rhje : `gpe_ L$fhp dpV$¡ dS>b|f L$p¡B `qfhpf_u 1 rdr_V$ dpV$¡ klpesp L$fp¡ lsp¡. Ap

qv$hk DS>hhp_p¡ dy¿e Dv«¡i A¡ R>¡ L$¡ L$p¡B`Z dp_h AdpÞe _\u lp¡sp¡. s¡ L$p¡B`Z v$¡i_p¡ lp¡e A¡L$sp

A_¡ kdÞhe_u cph_p fpMu_¡ Ap`Z¡ v$f¡L$_¡ dpÞesp Ap`hu Å¡BA¡.

cpfs_p L$pídufu `„qX$sp¡ `p¡sp_p S> v$¡idp„ ifZp\} S>¡hu lpgsdp„ Æhu füp R>¡. AaOpr_õsp_,

dg¡riep, ey_p_, kuqfep, gurbep A_¡ h^ydp„ k„¿epdp„ ApräL$u v$¡ip¡dp„\u v$f hfk¡ gpMp¡_u k„¿epdp„

_pNqfL$p¡ buÅ v$¡ip¡dp„ ifZ g¡ R>¡ A_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_u k„õ\p ey_pBV$¡X$ _¡iÞk lpB L$rdi_f Ap ̧a

f¡aeyÆ klpe L$f¡ R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpóV2$ ifZp\} A¡S>Þku ( e|.A¡_. A¡Q.ku.Apf.)_u hprj®L Ágp¡bg V2$¡X$1k qf`p¡V® A_ykpf

Ap„sqfL$ ê$`¡ rhõ\pr`s A_¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ ifZ BÃR>p ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡ krls ifZp\}Ap¡_u k„¿ep

$â\dhpf buÅ rhð eyÝ^ bpv$_p kde L$fsp kp¥\u h^y R>¡, S>¡ hj® 2013dp„ 50 gpM_¡ `pf L$fu NB

R>¡. e|.A¡_. A¡Q.ku.Apf._u qf`p¡V®$ A_¡ kfL$pfu s\p rb_ kfL$pfu k„NW$_p¡ Üpfp D`gå^ L$fphhpdp„

Aph¡gp Ap„L$X$pAp¡ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. hj® 2013_p Ap„L$X$pAp¡dp„ ifZp\}Ap¡_u k„¿epdp„ 6 rdrge_

S>¡V$gu h©[Ý^ \B R>¡, S>¡ hj® 2012dp„ 45.2 rdrge_ lsu.

qv$hk rhjeL$

vy$r_epcf_p rhrh^ v$¡ip¡ hjp£\u `p¡sp_p¡ ifZp\} qv$hk d_phu füp R>¡. AdyL$ v$¡ip¡dp„ s¡ A¡L$

kápl õhê$`¡ `Z DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ApräL$u ifZp\} qv$hk 20 S|>__p qv$hk¡ DS>hpsp¡ lsp¡ S>¡_¡

L$¡V$gpL$ v$¡ip¡dp„ `Z DS>hhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpA¡ 4 qX$k¡çbf 2000_p fp¡S> 55/76 âõsph_¡ A`_phu_¡ 20 S|>_¡ Ap

qv$hk DS>hhp_p¡ a¦kgp¡ L$ep£ lsp¡. âõsph `kpf \ep bpv$ dlpkcpA¡ hj® 2001_p ifZp\}Ap¡_u

[õ\rs\u k„b„r^s 1951 L$Þh¡i__u 50du hj®Np„W$_p ê$`¡ rQ[Þls L$fu lsu. ApräL$u A¡L$sp k„NW$_

`Z 20 S|>_ dpV$¡ klds \B Ney LpfZ L$¡, Ap qv$hk s¡d_p ifZp\} qv$hk kp\¡ d¡m Mpsp¡ lsp¡.

"

'

rhð ifZp\} qv$hk-f0 S|>_ Ap

„

sffpô2$ue rh^hp qv$hk - f3 S|>_

e|.A¡_. A¡Q.ku.Apf. _u hprj®L Ágp¡bg V2$¡X$1k qf`p¡V®$:

rh^hpAp¡_u `qfqõ\qs :

rh^hp k„fnZ rh^¡eL$

Ap„sffpô2$ue dpv$L$ `v$p\® k¡h_

A_¡ sõL$fu rhfp¡^u qv$hk f6 S>|_

"Apip_p¡ A¡L$ k„v$¡i R>¡: v$hpAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N rhL$pfp¡ A_¡

BgpT dpV$¡ L$fp¡ '

"Ágp¡bg X$¡ Ap ̧a `¡f¡ÞV$1k'_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ Üpfp 17 kàV$¡çbf f01f_p fp¡S> A¡L$ âõsph

`kpf L$fu_¡ dpsp-r`sp_p kçdp_dp„ âÐe¡L$ hj®¡ DS>hhp_u Op¡jZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

bpmL$p¡_y„ fnZ A_¡ `p¡jZ `qfhpf_u âp\rdL$ S>hpbv$pfu R>¡. S>¡_¡ M|iu, â¡d A_¡

kdS>_y„ A¡L$ hpsphfZ âv$p_ L$fsp S> s¡_p ìeqL$sÐh_p k„`|Z® A_¡ kpd„S>õe `|Z® rhL$pk

L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

Ágp¡bg X$¡ Ap ̧a `¡f¡ÞV$1k-1 S|>_

rhðcfdp„ 1 S|>__p fp¡S> "Ágp¡bg

X$¡ Ap ̧a `¡f¡ÞV$1k' qv$hk DS>hhpdp„

Apìep¡. Ap rv$hk v$f¡L$ dpsp-r`sp_¡

`p¡sp_p bpmL$p¡_p `p¡jZ ârs

r_:õhp\® ârsbÂ^sp A_¡ s¡_p

ApÆh_ brgv$p__p k„b„^p¡_¡

vy$r_epcfdp„ kfpl_p L$fhp_p¡ A¡L$

Ahkf âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

"Ágp¡bg X$¡ Ap ̧a `¡f¡ÞV$1k' rhjeL$ :

ap^k® X$¡ 1` S|>__u `|h® k„ÂepA¡ d¥qV2$dr_eg h¡bkpBV$

"ipv$u X$p ̧V$ L$p ̧d' Üpfp kp¥\u kpfp ap^f L$p¡Z R>¡ s¡hu bpbs_u

dprlsu d¡mhhp A¡L$ Ap ̧_gpB_ kh£ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„

`00\u `Z h^y gp¡L$p¡A¡ rlõkp¡ gu^p¡ lsp¡. kh£dp„ cpfsue

drlgpAp¡_¡ v$¡i_p kp¥\u `k„v$Nu_p r`sp_¡ ds Ap`hp

S>Zphpey lsy.

kh£dp„ cpfsue raëd Arc_¡sp iplê$MMp__¡ 4f.` %,

q3⁄4$L$¡V$f kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ 36.9 % ky`f õV$pf Ardspc

bÃQ__¡ f0.6 % ds dýep lsp. S>epf¡ kp¥\u gp¡L$râe rhv$¡iu

r`sp sfuL$¡ bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp_¡ 40.3 % ds, `|h® ayV$bp¡g M¡gpX$u X$¡rhX$ b¡L$ld 1`.f % A_¡

V$¡r_k õV$pf fp¡S>f a¡X$ff_¡ 13.1 % ds âpá \ep lsp.

kh£dp„ kpd¡g drlgpAp¡_¡ cpfs_u kp¥\u `k„v$Nu_u r`sp-`yÓu_u Å¡X$u_¡ `Z ds

Ap`hp S>Zphpey lsy. S>¡dp„ iplê$MMp_ A_¡ s¡d_u `yÓu kylp_p_¡ 43.f % ds dýep lsp.

ap^k® X$¡ DS>hpB füp¡ R>¡, Ðepf¡ Brslpkdp„ _Tf _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡

dl¡dv$phpv$ _ÆL$ Aph¡gp kp¡Ågu `pk¡ Aph¡gp¡ dL$bfp¡ S>¡ hpÓL$ _v$u_¡ L$p„W$¡

B.k. 1558dp„ r_dp®Z `pd¡gp¡ s¡ _Tf kdn spÖíe \pe R>¡.

fp¡Åfp¡Æ_p¡ dL$bfp¡ _pd¡ ÅZusp¡ Ap dL$bfp¡ lS>fs k¥ev$ dybpfL$ irlv$

\sp s¡d_p `yÓ k¥ev$ dufp_ byMpfuA¡ r`sp_u epv$dp„ 66 S>¡V$gp L$v$phf r`gf

`f r_dp®Z L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap r`gfp¡ NZsfu L$fu _ iL$pe s¡hu S>qV$g `Ý^rs\u

b_phhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. lS>fs k¥ev$ dybpfL$ d|m L$`X$h„S>_p lsp A_¡ Alu

lydpey_u kpd¡ B.k. 1528dp„ S„>N gX$u_¡ irlv$ \ep lsp. s¡d_¡ Alu S>

v$a_phpep lsp. s¡d_p `yÓ dufp_¡ `Z A¡hu BÃR>p ìeL$s L$f¡gu L$¡, s¡_p d©Ðey

`R>u s¡_¡ `Z Alu S> v$a_phhpdp„ Aph¡. B.k. 1618dp„ S>lp„Nuf¡ Alu_u

dygpL$ps rg^u lsu A_¡ _v$u L$p„W$¡ b¡ku_¡ dpR>guAp¡ `L$X$u lsu.

r`s©â

¡

d ^fphsy NyS>fps_y

„

A¡L$ A_p

¡

My õ\p_:

ap^k® X$¡ - 1` S|>_ : iplê$MMp_ b¡õV$ `à`p

Page 21 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 21

dlpkpNf `qfep¡S>_p

rhïh dlpkpNf _¡V$hL®$ kp\¡ cpNuv$pfudp„ L$pe® L$fsu Ap ep¡S>_p Ap`Zp Æh_dp„

dlpkpNfp¡_u dlÑp rhi¡ ÅN©rs a¡ghhp_y„ A_¡ s¡dp gp¡L$p¡_u dv$v$ g¡hp_y„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. Ap

qv$hk_u DS>hZu Ap`Z_¡ S>_ÅN©rs dpfas qL$_pfpAp¡_u õhÃR>sp, i¥nrZL$

L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡, L$gp ârsep¡rNspAp¡, QgrQÓ dlp¡Ðkh A_¡ Ap âL$pf_p

A_¡L$ L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ Ÿpfp kp„L$m¡ R>¡.

Ap`Zu `©Õhu_p¡ Apif¡ 70 % cpN dlpkpNfp¡\u R>hpe¡gp¡ R>¡. Ap dlpkpNfp¡dp„ `©Õhu `f_y„

D`gå^ kdN° S>m `¥L$u_y„ Apif¡ 97 % S>¡V$gy S>m kdprhô$ R>¡. dlpkpNfp¡_u rhipmsp_p¡ A„v$pT A¡

bpbs\u gNphu iL$pe R>¡ L$¡, ANf `©Õhu_p v$f¡L$ dlpkpNf_¡ A¡L$ rhipm dlpkpNf dp_u g¡hpe sp¡

s¡_u syg_pA¡ `©Õhu_p v$f¡L$ dlpqÜ` A¡L$ _p_p V$p`y kdp_ ârss \i¡. `©Õhu `f dy¿eÐh¡ `p„Q

dlpkpNf Aph¡gp R>¡.

dlpkpNf Ap`Zu `©Õhu `f dpÓ Æh__y„ ârsL$ _\u, `f„sy `ep®hfZ k„syg_dp„ `Z `°dyM

c|rdL$p cS>h¡ R>¡. `©Õhu `f Æh__p¡ Apf„c dlpkpNfp¡dp„ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡_p S>mdp„ S> â\dhpf

Æh__y„ A„Ly$f ayV$ey lsy. dlpkpNfp¡_y„ kpdprS>L$, kp„õL©$rsL$ A_¡ Apr\®L$ ê$`¡ dp_h Æh_dp„ M|b S>

dlÐh fl¡gy R>¡.

`p¡sp_p Apf„rcL$ L$pm\u gB_¡ ApS> ky^u dlpkpNf Æh__p rhrh^ ê$`p¡_¡ Åmhu fpM¡ R>¡.

`©Õhu_p rhipm S>m c„X$pf lp¡hp kp\¡ s¡ `psp_u A„v$f A_¡ Apk`pk A_¡L$ _p_p dp¡V$p `qfs„Óp¡_¡

`_pl Ap`¡ R>¡. S>¡dp rhrh^ âL$pf_u h_õ`rs A_¡ Æh kpd¡g R>¡. S>¡dp rhipmL$pe ìl¡g \u gB_¡

kyÿd Æh_p¡ `Z kdph¡i \pe R>¡. A¡L$ A_ydp_ A_ykpf dpÓ dlpkpNf_u A„v$f S> Apif¡ 10 gpM

S>¡V$gu âÅrsAp¡ D`[õ\s lp¡B iL$¡ R>¡. S>¥h rhrh^sp\u k„`Þ_ lp¡hp kp\¡ dlpkpNf ^fsu_p dp¥kd_¡

r_^p®qfs L$f_pf dlÐh_y„ L$pfL$ R>¡. kdyÖu S>m_u ghZsp A_¡ rhriô$ Dódp^pqfsp_p¡ NyZ `©Õhu `f

dp¥kd_¡ âcprhs L$f¡ R>¡.

hs®dp_ kde¡ dp_hue Nrsrhr^Ap¡_p âcph_¡ L$pfZ¡ kdyÖp¡_p sV$ue n¡Óp¡ `f âvy$jZ_y„ õsf

h^u füy R>¡. Äep„ sV$ue n¡Ó rhi¡j L$fu_¡ _v$uAp¡_p dyM `pk¡ k|e® âL$pi_u `ep®ásp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ar^L$

S>¥h rhrh^sp ^fphsp n¡Óp¡ ê$`¡ ÅZusp lsp, s¡ n¡Óp¡_p kdyÖu S>mdp„ ApS>¡ cpf¡ dpÓpdp„ âvy$jZL$pfu

sÐhp¡ dmu füp lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ðep_y„ Æh_ k„L$V$dp„ R>¡.

qv$hk-8 S|>_ hj® 2014_p¡ rhje:" A¡L$ kp\,

Ap`Z¡ kdyÖ_u fnp dpV$¡ iqL$s R>uA¡'

8 S|>__p qv$hk¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ rhïh dlpkpNf

qv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. rhïhdp„ kdyÖ_u

dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p âÐe¡ ÅN©rs h^pfhp dpV$¡ A_¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue õsf¡ gp¡L$p¡ kdn dlpkpNfp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Aph_pf

`X$L$pfp¡ âÐe¡ dprlsNpf L$fhp_p l¡sy\u Ap qv$hk_u

DS>hZu_p k„L$ë` kp\¡ L$¡_¡X$p Ÿpfp 8 S|>_ 199f_p fp¡S>

b°pÆg_p "qfAp¡ qv Å_¡fp¡' Mps¡ dm¡gp `©Õhu k„d¡g_(A\®

krdV$)dp„$ fS|>Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ðepfbpv$\u hj®

f008 ky^u Ap qv$hk_¡ A_Ar^L©$s fus¡ DS>hhpdp„

Aphsp¡ lsp¡. k„eyL$s fpô2$ k„O Üpfp hj® f009\u s¡_u

DS>hZu_¡ Ar^L©$s L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. A¡ hj® v$frdep_

DS>hZu_u \ud lsu "Ap`Zp dlpkpNf Ap`Zu

S>hpbv$pfu ' Äepf¡ A_Ar^L©$s DS>hZu_u \ud lsu. "A¡L$

dlpkpNf, A¡L$ Apbp¡lhp, A¡L$ crhóe ' 8 S|>_ f013_p

fp¡S> \e¡gu rhïh dlpkpNf qv$hk_u DS>hZu_u \ud

"krlepfu iqLs Üpfp kdyÖ_¡ bQphu iL$uA¡ ' lsu.

rhïh dlpkpNf qv$hk A¡ rhïh_p dlpkpNfp¡_y„

kçdp_ L$fhp_u sL$ õhê$`¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. dlpkpNfp¡

dpfas âpá \su hõsyAp¡ S>¡hu L$¡, kdyÖu cp¡S>_, epspeps

kyrh^pAp¡ A_¡ A_¡L$ qL„$dsu hõsyAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

cNhp_ îu S>NÞ_p\Æ _NfepÓp

`yfu d„qv$f (Ap¡qX$kp) :

Ap¡qX$kp_u fpS>^p_u c|h_¡ðf\u `` qL$.du. v|$f Aph¡gp sV$ue il¡f `yfu Mps¡

cNhp_ îu S>Nßp\Æ_p 1fdu kv$u_p d„qv$fdp„ 28 S|>__p fp¡S> AjpY$u buS>¡ îu

S>NÞ_p\Æ, cpB bmcÖ A_¡ bl¡_ kycÖp_u cìe f\epÓp r_L$mu lsu.

"`l„X$u' _pd\u dil|f epÓp kdpfp¡ldp„ v$¡hspAp¡_u ârsdpAp¡_¡ d„qv$fdp„\u

blpf L$pY$u_¡ a¡fhhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. gpL$X$p_p f\dp„ ep¡Åe¡gu f\epÓp ârkÂ^

S>Nßp\Æ d„qv$f\u 3 qL$.du. v|$f Ny„qX$Qp d„qv$f Mps¡ gB S>hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepfbpv$

9 qv$hk `R>u v$¡hspAp¡_¡ f\dp„ `pR>p îuS>NÞ_p\Æ d„qv$fdp„ gphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

S>¡_¡ "b©lv$ ÅÓp' L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Adv$phpv$ îu S>NÞ_p\Æ_u 137du f\epÓp

Adv$phpv$ il¡fdp„ `°\d f\epÓp AjpY$u buS> d„Nmhpf¡ f Sy>gpB

1878_p fp¡S> r_L$mu lsu. Ap hMs_u f\epÓp 137du f\epÓp

lsu. S>¡_p¡ `°pf„c 28 S|>_¡ khpf¡ 07 L$gpL$¡ \ep¡ A_¡ fpÓ¡ 8.30

L$gpL$¡ _uS> d„qv$f `fs afu lsu.

10 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> AjpY$u buS>_p¡ sl¡hpf Apìep¡ lp¡e A_¡

f\epÓp r_L$mu lp¡e s¡hu OV$_p Qpfhpf b_u R>¡. S>¡dp„ hj®

1918, 1937, 1994, f013_p 10 Sy>gpB_p qv$hk¡ f\epÓp

ep¡ÅB lsu.

NyS>fpsdp„ _p_u dp¡V$u \B_¡ 13f f\epÓpAp¡ r_L$mu lsu.

dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ â\d hMs "`rlÞv$' rhr^ L$fu_¡

f\epÓp_¡ âõ\p_ L$fpìey„ lsy„. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u 12

hMs "`rlÞv$' rhr^dp„ cpN gB QyL$ep R>¡.

ApL$pidp„\u f\epÓp_p ê$V$ `f _S>f fpMhp `p¡guk s„Ó Üpfp

17 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gp¡ ê$V$ ^fphsu

cph_Nf il¡f_u cNhp_ îu

S>Nßp\Æ_u f\epÓp Ap hj£ `Z

Dd„Nc¡f DS>hpB lsu. Ap f\epÓp

AÐepf ky^u_u Ly$g f9du f\epÓp lsu.

kycpj_Nf Mps¡_p cNhp_¡ðf

dlpv$¡hÆ d„qv$fdp„ S>Nßp\Æ_u `yÅ

AQ®_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. gp¡M„X$u `yê$j

A_¡ Ap^|r_L$ cpfs_p rië`u kfv$pf h‰ccpB `V$¡g_¡ kp¥ â\d `p¡sp_y„

cph_Nf fpS>e A`®Z L$f_pf âÅ hÐkg fpS>hu dlpfpÅ

L©$óZLy$dpftklÆ_p h„i S> dlpfpÅ îu rhS>efpS>tklÆ s\p eyhfpS>

S>erhftklÆA¡ kp¡_p_p "kphfZp' \u "R>¡X$p`p¡fp' A_¡ "`rlÞv$' rhr^

L$fu_¡ f\epÓp_¡ âõ\p_ L$fpìey lsy.

- L$ÃR>u _hy hj® AjpY$u buS>¡ iê$ \pe R>¡. Ap qv$hk¡ s¡Ap¡ _hy hj® DS>h¡

R>¡. Ap `f„`fp `pR>gp 900 S>¡V$gp hj® iê$ lp¡hp_y„ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡L$

dpÞesp A_ykpf Åd gpMp aygpZu_p Apv$¡i_¡ dpÞe fpMu_¡ Ap qv$hk¡

_hy hj® DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$¡V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡ Ap qv$hk_¡ "kp¥fQp„v$' sfuL$¡

`Z k„bp¡^¡ R>¡.

- c¢kpZ _ÆL$ ârkÂ^ `fb^pd Mps¡ k„s v$¡huv$pk A_¡ Adf

v$¡huv$pk_p _pv$ kp\¡ AjpY$u buS> dlp¡Ðkh DS>hpep¡ lsp¡. ^prd®L$ rhr^

bpv$ Al] v$f hj®_u `f„`fp dyS>b kp„õL©$rsL$ gp¡L$d¡mp¡ ep¡Åep¡ lsp¡.

AjpY$u buS>¡ DS>hpsp AÞe DÐkh

Page 22 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

A

_

¡

.

S

_> pv

_$®

f

Í

¡

u$

drgL$ b

¢S>¡

gpDg

rldpge_ âpL©$rsL$ rd_fg hp¡V$f b°p„X$_p k„õ\p`L$

v$pv$u bgkpfp 19 S|>_¡ 81 hj®_u he¡ lpV®$ A¡V$¡L$_¡ L$pfZ¡

lp¡V$g spT dp_tkl Mps¡ r_^_ `pçep lsp. s¡Ap¡ 36

hj® `l¡gp lp¡V$g_p Dv$1OpV$_ bpv$\u lp¡V$gdp„ S> fl¡sp

lsp.

_pN`yf Mps¡ A¡g.ApB.ku.dp„ L$pfqL®$v$u iê$ L$fu_¡

Å`p_u V$¡gurhT_ Q¡_gdp„ `p¡sp_u k„`|Z® Æh_

i¥gu_p L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡_u d¡S>bp_u L$fsp lsp. s¡d_p¡ ip ̧ "e|

A¡ÞX$ ep¡f X$¡qõV$_u A¡ÞX$ `phf Ap ̧a ^ dpBÞX$' M|b S>

rlV$ \ep¡ lsp¡.

srdg raëd DÛp¡N_p ÅZusp raëd r_dp®sp, r_v$£iL$ fpd_pfpeZ_y„ ff S|>_¡ 6`

hj®_u he¡ tkNp`yf Mps¡ r_^_ \ey s¡dZ¡ 1f` S>¡V$gu raëdp¡_y„ r_v$£i_ L$f¡gy R>¡. S>¡

A¡L$ r_v$£iL$ Üpfp r_v$£ius Ar^L$sd raëdp¡_p¡ rhð f¡L$p¡X®$ R>¡.

Ø ârkÂ^ bp„Ágp kprlÐeL$pf iqL$s`v$ fpS>Nyê$ 1f S|>__p fp¡S> L$p¡gL$sp Mps¡

9f hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Ø s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 1 a¡b°yApfu 19ff_p fp¡S> `.b„Npm_p bp„Ly$X$p rS>ëgpdp„ \ep¡

lsp¡. dyri®v$pbpv$\u `°pf„rcL$ rinZ qg^p bpv$ s¡dZ¡ LgL$Ñp

e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u õ_psL b_u_¡ B.k.194`dp„ g¡M_ L$pe® iê$ L$ey® lsy.

Ø s¡d_u gM¡gu kps S>¡V$gu `yõsL$p¡ `f\u raëdp¡ `Z b_u lsu. S>¡dp„

A_pdyj, d¡^¡ Y$pL$p spfp, bfkps L$u A¡L$ fps dy¿e R>¡.

Ø âdyM kprlÐe fQ_p d¡^¡ Y$pL$p spfp, dp¡_u b¡Nd, Asf¡-A„sf¡, rS>bp¡_

L$lp_u, A_yk„^p_, Adp_yj, crN_u.

Ø s¡dZ¡ gM¡gp D`Þepkp¡_p¡ rlÞv$u, sqdg A_¡ dgepgd cpjpdp„ A_yhpv$

`Z \ep¡ R>¡. s¡d_u kprlqÐeL$ fQ_pAp¡ l¡sykf rhc|rs c|jZ A_¡

ArMg cpfsue gpe_ `yfõL$pf (f009)\u kçdpr_s \B QyL$ep R>¡.

iqL$s`v$ fpS>eNyê$

buÅ rhð eyÂ^ v$frdep_ _hpTp¡ L$p¡X$dp„ hps L$f_pf

A„rsd ìeqL$s Q¡õV$f _¡S> 4 S|>__p fp¡S> 93 hj®_u he¡

AgbyL$L®$, Þe| d¡qL$kL$p¡ Mps¡ `p¡sp_p Of¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Q¡õV$f _¡S> f9 S>¡V$gp Ad¡qfL$u k¡_p kv$õep¡ `¥L$u_p A¡L$

lsp L$¡ S>¡dZ¡ L$v$u _ sp¡X$u iL$_pf _hpTp¡ L$p¡X$_u fQ_p L$fu

lsu. ApS> ky^u L$p¡B`Z ìeqL$s Ap L$p¡X$ sp¡X$u iL$ey _\u.

d¡ 194fdp„ Ad¡qfL$u k¡_p_p rlõkp Ap v$f¡L$ f9 _hpTp¡

L$p¡X$ fQ_pf_¡ dfu_ L$p¡àk®dp„ kpd¡g \ep bpv$ `°ip„s n¡Ó_p

eyÂ^_p d¡v$p_dp„ dp¡L$gu v$¡hpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap L$p¡X$ s¡d_p

S>qV$g Apqv$hpku cpjp (_hpTp¡) `f Ap^pqfs A_¡

AguqMs lsp¡. Ap L$p¡X$ s¡d_p kyfrns k„Qpf dpV$¡_p¡ A¡L$dpÓ D`pe lsp¡.

B.k.f001dp„ f9 d|m _hpTp¡ L$p¡X$ D`ep¡NL$sp®Ap¡_¡ s¡d_u k¡hp bv$g L$p ̧ÞN°¡k_g Np¡ëX$ d¡X$g `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

"_hpTp

¡ L$p

¡

X$' dp

„

hps L$f_pf A

„rsd ìeqL$s Q¡õV$f _

¡S>

_hpTp¡ L$p¡X$ :

b°pÆg_p `|h® ayV$bp¡g õV2$pBL$f a_p®ÞX$p¡ g|rkep ^ L$p¡õV$p 36

hj®_u he¡ 7 Sy>__p fp¡S> L$¡qÞÖe b°pÆg Mps¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Np¡`pr_ep Mps¡ S>Þd¡gp a_p®ÞX$p¡A¡ hj® f001dp„ Ap¡g„qç`L$

durk®g¡ kp\¡ L$fpf L$fsp `l¡gp õ\p_ue L$gb Np¡A¡k kp\¡

`p¡sp_u ayV$bp¡g L$¡qfef_u iê$Aps L$fu lsu s\p `p¡sp_u

Ap„sffpô2$ue L$áp_u hj® f006dp„ `p¡sp_p¡ â\d L$p¡`p

rgbfV$¡X$k® rMspb, hj® f006dp„ auap L$gb rhð L$` s\p rfep¡

N°p„X$¡ v$p¡ kyg_p¡ rMspb b¡ hpf âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. B.k.f011çp„

ayV$bp¡gdp„\u kÞepk gB_¡ Sy>gpB f01fdp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue L$p¡Q

bÞep `f„sy dpÓ Qpf dpkdp„ S> s¡d_¡ `v$ `f\u vy$f L$fhpdp„

Apìep lsp.

v$pv$u bgkpf$p b°pÆg_p `|h® õV2$pBL$f a_p®ÞX$p

¡

rbepk _v$udp

„ rhÛp\}Ap

¡

_u S>m kdpr^

d_pgu\u 40 qL$.du. vy$f d_pgu-qL$fs`yf

fpS>dpN® `f \gp¡V$ `pk¡ l¥v$fpbpv$_p rhop_ S>ep¡rs

A¡qÞS>q_ef]N A_¡ V$¡L1_p¡gp ̧Æ_p rhÛp\} rbepk

_v$udp„ Xy$bu Nep lsp.

Ap OV$_p 1f6 d¡Nphp ̧V$ gpfÆ lpBX2$p¡

`qfep¡S>_p_p S>mpiedp„\u AQp_L$ `pZu R>p¡X$hp_¡

L$pfZ¡ S>mõsfdp„ h^pfp¡ \hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ b_u lsu.

A¡L$ kde¡ Akddp„ Qpg¡gp âNrsiug kp„õL©$rsL$ Ap„v$p¡g_ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp A_¡

c|`¡_ lÅqfL$p bpv$ Akd_p kp¥\u gp¡L$râe NpeL$ A_¡ rbl| Nusp¡_¡ k|fdp„ Y$pmu_¡

dep®v$us iåv$p¡dp„ fS|> L$fu_¡ rbl|Nusp¡_¡ rhi¡j Ap¡mM A`ph_pf MN¡_ dl„s Np¡lpsu

Mps¡ lpV®$ A¡V$¡L$_¡ L$pfZ¡ 1f S|>_¡ r_^_ `pçep.

cpjp Ap„v$p¡g_ v$frdep_ a¡gpe¡gu tlkp rhê$Â^ rhóZyâkpv$ kcp, l¡dp„N rhðpk,

Sy>Ngv$pk kp\¡ dmu_¡ ip„rs A_¡ kv$1cph_p `f Arcep_ Qgph_pf MN¡_ dl„s¡

B.k.1960dp„ Akdu raëd "i„L$ysgp' dp„ Arc_e L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡dS> ApL$pihpZu dpV$¡

s¡Ap¡A¡ Nus Npep lsp.

rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ rhcpN_y„ A_yk„^p_ 38dp„ `p_p\u ApNm.....

"_pkp'_p "L$¡`gf õ`¡k 3⁄4$paV$' _p dpÂed\u

Ad¡qfL$p_u lphX®$ qõd\ kp¡r_e_ k¡ÞV$f ap ̧f

A¡õV2$p¡qaqTL$k_p MNp¡mrhv$1p¡A¡ S|>__p â\d kápldp„

`©Õhu L$fsp 17 NZp¡ dp¡V$p¡ N°l "L$¡`gf 10 ku' ip¡^u

L$pY$ep_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu. s¡_p ApL$pf-âL$pf A_¡

QË$p_p¡_u blygsp_¡ _Tfdp„ fpMu_¡ MNp¡mrhv$1p¡A¡ s¡_¡

"Np¡X$qTgp' N°l_u D`dp Ap`u R>¡.

NpeL$ A_

¡ rbl| kd°pV$ MN

¡

_ dl

„

s

fpd_pfpeZ-kp¥\u h^y raëdp¡ r_v$£ius

L$fhp_p¡ rhð f¡L$p¡X®$ ^fph¡ R>¡

q3⁄4$k bN®f v$rnZ ApräL$p_p `|h® V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f b¡V$kd¡_ q3⁄4$k

bN®f 16 S|>_¡ 78 hj®_u he¡ q_^_ `pçep.

v$rnZ`|h® A¡riep_p d¡L$p„N n¡Ódp„ hj® f01f-13_u

hÃQ¡ 367 S>¡V$gu _hu rhv$¡iu âÅrsAp¡_u ip¡^ L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. Ap _hu ip¡^p¡ rhj¡ hëX®$ hpBëX$ gpBa a„X$ Üpfp

Åfu rf`p¡V®$ "rdqõV$fuek d¡L$p¢N'dp„ ` S|>_¡ âL$pris \B R>¡.

Ap n¡Ódp„ ip¡^hpd„p Aph¡gu _hu âÅrsAp¡dp„ f90 R>p¡X$,

f4 dpR>guAp¡, f1 DceQf, f8 kfuk©` ,1 `nu, 3

õs_^pfu R>¡.qf`p¡V®$dp„ A¡ bpbs `f `Z âL$pi `pX$hpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡ L$¡, N°¡V$f d¡L$p„N n¡Ó vy$r_ep_p `p„Q kp¥\u S>¥h

rhrh^sp_p ApLj®Z `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$ R>¡. Ap qf`p¡V$® A_ykpf

rhrcÞ_ L$pfZp¡A¡ Ap n¡Ó_¡ âcprhs L$ey® R>¡. S>¡dp„ L$gpBd¡V$

Q¡ÞS>_p `qfZpd õhê$`¡ Nfd sp`dp_, `yf, vy$óL$pm, sp¡ap_,

Ar_e„qÓs byr_epv$u dpmMy, N¥f `pfv$i} M__

Nrsrhr^Ap¡, L©$rj rhõspf dp¡V$p `pe¡ hÞe Æhp¡_p¡ h¡`pf

dy¿e R>¡.

v$rnZ `|h® A¡riep_y„ A¡L$ _hy n¡Ó L$¡, S>ep„ d¡L$p¢N _v$u

hl¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ Qu__p¡ ey_p_ âp„s, çep„dpf, \pBg¡ÞX$,

gpAp¡k, L„$bp¡X$uep `Z kpd¡g R>¡. d¡L$]N n¡Ó hpO,

A¡riepB lp\u, BfphpX$u X$p¡[ëa_, kpAp¡gp A_¡

rhipm L$¡V$rai krls gyàsâpe S„>Ngu âÅrsAp¡_y„

Of R>¡. B.k.1997 \u hj® f011 hÃQ¡ d¡L$]N

n¡Ódp„ 1710 _hp Arhðk_ue Æhp¡_y„ rhop_

hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

b©lv$ d¡L$p„N n¡Ódp„ 367 S>¡V$gu

_hu âÅrsAp¡_u ip¡^

d¡L$p„N n¡Ó :

Ap¡`_ A¡L$kk S>_®g "r`ef S>¡'dp„ âL$pris A¡L$ dprlsu dyS>b e|_pBV$¡X$ qL„$NX$d_u epL®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_p h¥opr_L$p¡ Üpfp "a¡kgp¡L$' _pd_p¡ `pkhX®$_p¡

rhL$ë` rhL$rks \ep¡ R>¡. a¡kgp¡L$ a¡rieg qfL$[‚i__u Ah^pfZp `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. Ap âL$pf_y„ r_dp®Z Ap¡mMusp Ql¡fpAp¡_u d_p¡h¥opr_L$ `fM `f

Ap^pqfs R>¡. S>epf¡ L$p¡B ìeqL$s `p¡sp_u rkõV$d_¡ kyfrns fpMhp dpV$¡ gp¡N B_ L$f¡ R>¡, Ðepf¡ Ql¡fp_u A¡L$ kyrQ b_u Åe R>¡ A_¡ ìeqL$s kp¥\u `qfrQs Ql¡fp¡

`k„v$ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap bpbs D`ep¡NL$sp® dpV$¡ kfm A_¡ l¡L$k® dpV$¡ `X$L$pfê$` b_¡ R>¡. D`ep¡N L$sp® `qfrQs Ql¡fp_¡ epv$ fpMu iL$¡ R>¡, `f„sy rb_ D`ep¡Nu

`pkhX®$ cygu S>sp lp¡e R>¡.

îu lqfL$p¡V$p_p ksuj ^h_ k¡ÞV$f Mps¡\u 30 S|>_¡ Bkfp¡ Üpfp `p„Q D`N°l Qpf AgN AgN v$¡i äp„k, S>d®_u, L$¡_¡X$p, tkNp`yf_p

`u.A¡k.A¡g.hu.ku.-f3 Üpfp kamsp`|h®L$ ân¡`Z L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Ap v$f¡L$ D`N°l A¢qV2$L$k (Bkfp¡_u hprZS>e ipMp) Üpfp D`N°lp¡ k„b„r^s rhv$¡iu k„õ\pAp¡ dpV$¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp L$fpf A„sN®s

ân¡r`s L$fhpd„p Apìep lsp.

D`N°lp¡ :

«äpk„ _,„ y äQ¢ A\ ®Apå¡ Thi£ _ kV¡ $g¡ pBV$ "õ`pV¡ $-7' S>_¡ „ yhS>_ 714 qL$.Np° . S>V¡ $g y R> ¡A_ ¡ s ¡cpfsue qfdpV¡ $ kq¡ ÞkN„ rkõV$d kdp_ R>.¡

« S>d®_u_p¡ 14 qL$.N°p. hS>_ ^fphsp¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$

« L$¡_¡X$p_¡ NLS 7.1 (CAN-4X) >A_¡ NLS 7.2 (CAN-5X) S>¡ âÐe¡L$ 1` qL$.N°p. hS>_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

« BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a A¡fp¡õ`¡k õV$X$uS>, e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a V$p¡f¡ÞV$p¡_p¡ 7 qL$.N°p. hS>__p¡ D`N°l

« tkNp`yf_p¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$ h¡gp ̧L$k-1 S>¡ tkNp`yf_u _¥_ep„N e|r_hrk®V$u Üpfp b_phhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ A¡d.B.A¡d.A¡k. Ap^pqfs

`u.A¡k.A¡g.hu.ku.-f3_y„ `p„Q D`N°lp¡ kp\¡ ân¡`Z

`pkhX®$_p¡ rhL$ë` b_i¡ "a¡kgp¡L$'

L$¡`

g

f

1

0-ku

L$¡`gf 10-ku _u rhi¡jspAp¡ :

- ApL$pfdp„ `©Õhu L$fsp 17 NZp¡ dp¡V$p¡ A_¡ hS>_dp„ X$bg

- "L$p¢õV$¡g¡i_ X$2¥L$p¡' _pd_p spfpd„X$mdp„ qõ\s

- `|Z® fus¡ _L$L$f A_¡ QË$p_u blygsp ^fphsp¡ N°l

- `p¡sp_p k|fS>_u A¡L$ âv$rnZp L$fsp 4` qv$hk gpN¡ R>¡.

- `©Õhu L$fsp X$bg\u `Z h^y S|>_p¡ A_¡ `©Õhu\u 560 âL$pi hj® vy$f.

22

Page 23 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

7000 V$__u rhõ\p`_ ndsp ^fphsy kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ õhv$¡iu eyÂ^ S>lpS> ApB.A¡_.A¡k. L$p¡gL$sp dTNp„h X$p ̧L$epX$1k® rgrdV$¡X Üpfp

rhL$rks \ey R>¡. s¡dS> s¡ cpfsue _p¥k¡_p_p âp¡S>¡L$V$ 1` Apëap î©„Mgp A„s®Ns rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aphu fl¡gp fX$pfdp„ f¡ÞS>dp„ _ Aphu

iL$¡ s¡hp rhÂh„kL$ `¥L$u dy¿e S>lpS> R>¡.

ApB.A¡_.A¡k. L$p¡gL$Ñpdp„ 16-k¡g eyr_hk®g hqV®$L$g gp¢Qf dp ̧X$1e|g (e|.hu.A¡g.A¡d.) gpN¡gy R>¡, S>¡ b°ûp¡k rdkpBg_¡

`°n¡r`s L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe s¡dp„ S>du_\u lhpdp„ hpf L$fu iL$su rdkpBg (bfpL$ k¡d) dpV$¡ b¡ hqV®$L$g gp¡„tQN rkõV$d fl¡gu R>¡.

rsê$L$Ly$fg (k„Nd kprlÐe k„N°l `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$)_p 1330 v$p¡lp A_¡ L$rh

kyb°drZep cpfsu_u L$rhspAp¡_p¡ Qu__u d¢X$qf_ cpjpdp„ spBhp__p L$rh e| iu A¡

A_yhpv$ L$ep£ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ cpfsuv$pk__u L$rhspAp¡_p¡ A_yhpv$ lSy> bpL$u R>¡. A_yhpv$_¡

L$pfZ¡ d¢X$qf_ cpju gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$rhspAp¡_u dlp_spAp¡ rhj¡ dprlsu dmi¡.

srdg_pXy$ kfL$pf¡ A_yhpv$ dpV$¡ 77.70 gpM_u fL$d apmhu lsu. srdg

e|r_hrk®V$uA¡ srdg kprlÐe_¡ d¢X$qf_dp„ A_yhpv$ L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fu lsu. A_yhpv$_y„

âL$pi_ srdg rhL$pk r_v$£ipge Üpfp \i¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, L$rh e| iu ÅÞeyApfu

f014dp„ srdg_pXy$ kfL$pf Üpfp rsê$hëgyf `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s \B QyL$ep R>¡.

õhv$¡idp„ rhL$rks ApB.A¡_.A¡k. L$p¡gL$sp

cpfsue _p¥ k¡_pdp„ rhdp_hplL$ S>lpS> "ApB.A¡_.A¡k. rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe' 14 S|>__p fp¡S> kpd¡g \ey. hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ Np¡hp sV$¡

s¡_y„ Dv$1OpV$_ L$ey® lsy.

"ApB.A¡_.A¡k.' rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe_¡ cpfs¡ fqiep `pk¡\u Mfuv$ey R>¡. S>¡ dpV$¡ b„_¡ v$¡i hÃQ¡ hj® f004dp„ kdS|>rs \B lsu. Ap S>lpS>

cpfs_¡ hj® f008dp„ kp¢`hp_y„ lsy„ `f„sy s¡dp„ Dcu \e¡gu sL$_uL$u dyíL$¡gu_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡ hj® f014dp„ cpfs_¡ kp¡„`hpdp„ Apìey lsy.

Ü"ApB.A¡_.A¡k. rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe' _y„ d|m fqie_ _pd "A¡X$rd_f Np¡i®L$p¡h' lsy.

Ü Ap S>lpS> cpfsue _p¥ k¡_p_„y A¡L$ eyÂ^ S>lpS> R>¡. S>¡ cpfsue _p¥k¡_pdp„ ApB.A¡_.A¡k. rhfpV$ bpv$ rbSy> hpeyep_ hplL$ S>lpS> R>¡.

Ü rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe 4`,300 V$_ hS>_ ^fphsy f84 duV$f gp„by A_¡ 60 duV$f JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ friep `pk¡\u f.3 AbS> Ad ̧qfL$u X$p ̧gf

(14,000 L$fp¡X$)dp„ Mfuv$hpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

Ü _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe_u dykpafu L$fu_¡ rdN-f9dp„ `Z b¡W$p lsp.

Ü rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðedp„ 1600 S>¡V$gp L$d®Qpfu L$pe®fs flu iL$¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ v$f dpk¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p A¡L$ gpM HX$p, f0,000 guV$f v|$^ A_¡ 16 V$_

S>¡V$gp Qp¡Mp_u S>ê$f `X$u iL$¡ R>¡.

ApB.A¡

_.A¡k. rh3⁄4$dpqv$Ðe cpfsue _p

¥ k¡

_pdp

„

kpd

¡

g

S>lpS> rhjeL$ ::-

bu.A¡d.hu.A¡k.A¡k.

AaOpr_õsp__¡ 1000

S>e`yf ayV$ das Ap`i¡

cpfs v$¡i_p D`fpô2$`rs A¡d.lrdv$

A„kpfuA¡ ` S|>__p fp¡S> cNhp_

dlphuf rhL$gp„N klpesp krdqs

(bu.A¡d.hu.A¡k.A¡k.) _u A¡L$ V$ud_¡

rhL$gp„N dpV$¡_p L©$qÓd A„N S>e`yf äyV$_p

r_dp®sp_¡ AaOpr_õsp_ S>B_¡ L$¡ç`

L$fhp gugT„X$u Ap`u lsu. Al] s¡Ap¡

1000 S>e`yf ayV$ das Ap`i¡.

V$ud_y„ _¡s©Ðhbu.A¡d.hu.A¡k.A¡k._p

k„õ\p`L$ A_¡ dy¿e k„fnL$ X$u.Apf.

dl¡sp L$fi¡. L$pbyg Mps¡ 8 S|>_\u iê$ \e¡gp¡ L$¡ç` 1 dpk ky^u Qpgi¡.

s¡ v$frdep_ rhL$gp„N_¡ Qpghp dpV$¡ knd b_phhp L©$qÓd A„N,

qL$g`k® A_¡ AÞe AphíeL$ klpesp âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

AaOpr_õsp_ Mps¡ Ap `p„Qdp¡ L$¡ç` R>¡. Ap `l¡gp `Z Qpf L$¢`dp„

bu.A¡d.hu.A¡k.A¡k. 30`1 ìeqL$sAp¡_¡ L©$rÓd A„N D`gå^ L$fphu

QyL$ep R>¡.

bu.A¡d.hu.A¡k.A¡k. S>e`yf_„y A¡L$ _p¡_ N°pÞV$¡X$ k„NW$_ R>¡. S>¡_u

õ\p`_p B.k.197`dp„ X$u.Apf. dl¡sp Üpfp \B lsu. L©$qÓd A„Np¡,

qL$g`k® rhN¡f¡ gNphhp_p n¡Ódp„ s¡ rhL$gp„Np¡ dpV$¡_y„ vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u

dp¡Vy$ k„NW$_ R>¡. k„NW$__p L©$qÓd A„N S>e`yf äyV$ L$¡ `p ̧rge|f¡\_ (`ue|)

äyV$ _pd\u ÅZusp R>¡.

Ap õhe„k¡hu k„NW$_ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u klpesp S>¡hu L$¡ L©$rÓd A„Np¡,

qL$g`k® A_¡ AÞe klpesp D`L$fZ S>ê$fuepshpmp gp¡L$p¡_¡ das

D`gå^ L$fph¡ R>¡.

cNhp_ dlphuf rhL$gp„N klpesp krdrs :

`qfQpg_ klep¡N A_¡ ndspAp¡_¡ h^pfhp_p l¡sykf cpfsue hpeyk¡_p A_¡ äp„kuku hpeyk¡_p_p¡

qÜ`nue Aæepk Nê$X$ `„Qd f S|>_\u f3 S|>_ ky^u Å¡^`yf A¡f b¡T `f ep¡ÅB Nep¡. Ap î¡Zu_p `p„Qdp„

A¡hp qÜ`nue Aæepkdp„ hpeyk¡_p_p Aæepk_p¡ `rfQpg_ v$i®_ `Â^rs_p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p `X$L$pfS>_L$ hpey

qõ\rs `qfÖíep¡ Ap^pfus L$pep£ kpd¡g \ep lsp. Ap Aæepk v$frdep_ b„_¡ hpeyk¡_pAp¡_¡ `qfQpg_

hpsphfZdp„ ep¡S>_p b_phhp A_¡ dyíL$¡g `qfqõ\rsAp¡dp„ rdi__p k„Qpg_dp„ dv$v$ dmi¡. eyÂ^_p Aæepk

v$frdep_ b„_¡ hpeyk¡_p lhpB eyÂ^_p¡ Aæepk L$fhp kp\¡ v$ph`¡Q s\p lydgpAp¡_¡ L$¡hu fus¡ A„Tpd Ap`hp¡ s¡

bpbs_p¡ eyÂ^ Aæepk \ep¡ lsp¡.

eyÂ^ Aæepkdp„ cpfs_p ârsr_r^

eyÂ^ Aæepkdp„ cpfs v$¡i_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh A¡k.e|. 30, rdN-f7, rdN-f1, bpBk_ A_¡ AhpL$k A_¡

agpBV$ f¡agf rhdp_ ApB.A¡g.78 S>¡hp cpfsue hpeyk¡_p_p ArN°d lfp¡m_p gX$pL|$ rhdp_ kpd¡g \ep lsp.

eyÂ^ Aæepkdp„ äp„k_p ârsr_r^

äp„kuku hpeyk¡_pdp„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$¡.ku. 13` f¡agf rhdp_ kp\¡ kudphs} fp ̧a¡g gX$pL$| rhdp_ kpd¡g

\ep lsp.

Nê$X$ Aæepk rhjeL$ :

kp¥\u `l¡gp Nê$X$ Aæepk Áhprgef qõ\s cpfsue A¡fb¡T `f a¡b°yApfu f003dp„ iê$ \ep¡ lsp¡. Nê$X$

Aæepk_y„ A„rsd k„õL$fZ Nê$X$ Qsy\® äp„k_p Bq÷k Mps¡ hj® f010dp„ Apep¡Æs \ey lsy.

Nê$X$ `

„

Qd qÜ`nue hpeyk¡

_p Aæepk

rsê$L$Ly$fg A_¡ cpfsu_u L$rhspAp¡_¡ L$rh e|

iu A¡ d¢X$qf_ cpjpdp„ A_yhpv$ L$fu

L$Zp®V$L$_p L$fhpf_p sV$ `f õhv$¡iu eyÂ^ S>lpS> ApB.A¡_.A¡k. L$p¡gL$sp Üpfp

9 S>|__p fp¡S> ky`f kp¡r_L$ 3⁄4y$S> rdkpBg b°ûp¡k_y„ kam `qfnZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

Ap rdkpBg cpfs A_¡ friep Üpfp k„eyL$s fus¡ r_dp®Z \e¡gy R>¡. S>¡ f90

qL$gp¡duV$f_p A„sf¡ gÿe `f r_ip_ kp^u iL$¡ R>¡.

Ap `qfnZ â\dhpf L$p¡B õhv$¡iu eyÂ^ S>lpS> Üpfp \ey lsy.

ky`f kp

¡r_L$ rdkpBg b°ûp

¡k_y

„

kam `funZ

`[òd ApräL$pdp

„ Bbp

¡

gp hpefk_p

¡

sfMpV$ : 337 _p d©Ðey

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„õ\p Üpfp 18 S|>_¡ Åfu L$fpe¡gu qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìey R>¡, L$¡ `[òd ApräL$pdp„ OpsL$

Bbp¡gp hpefk_¡ L$pfZ¡ df_pf_u k„¿ep 337 ky^u `lp¢Qu NB R>¡.

Bbp¡gp hpefk :

rhð_p¡ kp¥\u OpsL$ d_psp¡ Bbp¡gp hpefk â\dhpf B.k.1976dp„ X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡V$uL$ qf`qågL$ Ap ̧a

L$p¢Np¡ Mps¡ dmu Apìep¡ lsp¡. AÐepf ky^u s¡_p¡ BgpT L$¡ fku b_u iL$u _\u. fp¡N_p gnZ TpX$p-DëV$u,

fL$sõÓph rhN¡f¡ R>¡.Ap hpefk fL$s, dm, `fk¡hp¡ S>¡hp k„`L®$_¡ L$pfZ¡ s\p vy$rjs gpip¡_¡ Akyfrns

fus¡ _pi L$fhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ a¡gpe R>¡.

e|_¡õL$p¡_u Ad|s® kp„õL©$rsL$ rhfpks_p fnZ l¡sykf_u A„sf kfL$pfu

krdrs_p kv$õe sfuL$¡ 4 S|>__p fp¡S> cpfs v$¡i_u `k„v$Nu ApNpdu Qpf hj®

(f014-f018) dpV$¡ \B R>¡. Ap `k„v$Nu âq3⁄4$ep e|_¡õL$p¡_p `¡qfk Mps¡_p

dy¿epge Mps¡ \B lsu. S>¡dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡_p kv$õe v$¡ip¡_u dlpkÑpAp¡A¡ cpfs_u

`k„v$Nu L$fu lsu. Q|„V$Zudp„ e|_¡õL$p¡_p kv$õe v$¡ip¡ sfa\u Ly$g 14f ds `X$ep

lsp. S>¡dp„ 13` ds cpfs_¡ âpá \ep lsp.

e|_¡õL$p¡_u Ap krdrsdp„ hs®dp_dp„ f4 kv$õe R>¡. S>¡_¡ Qpf hj®_u Ahr^

dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. krdrs_y„ dy¿e L$pe® Ad|s® kp„õL©$rsL$ rhfpks_p

dlÐh âÐe¡ õ\p_ue, fpô2$ue A_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue õsf `f ÅN©rs h^pfhp_y R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, "Ad|s® kp„õL©$rsL$ rhfpks_u kyfnp l¡sy A„sf kfL$pfu

krdrs'dp„ cpfs_u `k„v$Nu buÆhpf \B R>¡. Ap `l¡gp hj® f006dp„ (f006-

f010)dp„ cpfs_u `k„v$Nu \B lsu.

cpfs e|_¡õL$p¡_u "Ad|s® kp„õL©$rsL$

rhfpks_p fnZ l¡sykf A„sf kfL$pfu

krdrs'_y„ kv$õe bÞey

23

dy„bB b„v$f _ÆL$ Ap¡Nô$ f013dp„ vy$O®V$_pN°õs lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>m kdpr^ g¡_pf cpfsue _p¥k¡_p_u kbdqf_

ApB.A¡_.A¡k. tk^yfnL$_¡ Xy$bu_¡ _yL$ip_ \sp bQphhp dpV$¡ Ad¡qfL$u L„$`_u qfÅ ̧ëh dfu__¡ f40 L$fp¡X$dp„ L$p¡ÞV2$pL$V$

A`pep¡ lsp¡. S>¡ L$pe® `|Z® L$fhp 160 qv$hk_u dyv$s Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

qfÅ ̧ëh dqf_ L„$`_u Üpfp ApB.A¡_.A¡k. tk^yfnL$_¡ bQphu_¡ ` S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> blpf L$pY$u_¡ v$rnZ dy„bB_u

_p¥k¡_p X$p ̧L$epX®$ `f gB S>hp_y Apep¡S>_ \B füy R>¡. rhi¡j D`L$fZp¡_u dv$v$\u blpf L$pY$hpdp„ Aph¡gu Ap kbdqf_ Å¡

dfçds bpv$ D`ep¡N gpeL$ _l] S>Zpe sp¡ s¡_¡ k¡hp dyL$s L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

ApB.A¡_.A¡k. tk^y fnL$_¡ qfÅ¡ëh dqf_ Üpfp bQphpB

Page 24 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 20

L$sf_u fpS>^p_u v$p¡lp Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \e¡gp 38dp„ kÓ v$fqdep_ rhð

rhfpks krdrs Üpfp e|_¡õL$p¡_u hëX®$ l¡fuV$¡S> k|Qu_¡ Ål¡f L$fhp_u d„S|>fu ff

S|>_¡ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp„ Qu__u "N°¡V$ L$¡_pg', "âpQu_ rkëL$ê$V$'

A_¡ NyS>fps_p `pV$Z_u "fpZ L$u hph'_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

rhð_p¡ kp¥\u gp„bp¡ L©$qÓd S>mdpN® R>¡. S>¡ Qu__u fpS>^p_u b¡BÆ„N A_¡

Qu__p `|h} âp„s T¡qT„N Mps¡_p lp¡ÁT| ky^u Ly$g 1794 qL$gp¡duV$f_u g„bpB

^fph¡ R>¡.

Qu_, L$TpqL$õsp_ A_¡ qLN}õsp_ Üpfp k„eyL$s ê$`¡ rkëL$ê$V$_¡ rhð

rhfpks õ\m sfuL$¡ kpd¡g L$fhp Aph¡v$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. Qu_ Üpfp

â\dhpf Ap fus¡ buÅ v$¡ip¡ kp\¡ dmu_¡ Aph¡v$_ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey lsy.

A¡riep A_¡ e|fp¡`_u hÃQ¡ ìep`pf A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ Apv$p_ âv$p_ dpV$¡

f000 hj® `l¡gp\u AqõsÐh ^fphsp Ap âpQu_ dpN® kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp 33

A¥rslprkL$ õ\mp¡_y„ _pd kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡dp„ Qu__p ff,

L$TpL$uõsp_-8 A_¡ qL$N}õsp__p ÓZ R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Qu_ `p¡sp_u ^udu

`X$u fl¡gu A\® ìehõ\p_¡ bm Ap`hp rkëL$ê$V$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu füy R>¡.

N°¡V$ L$¡_pg :

rkëL$ê$V$ :

fpZ L$u hph NyS>fps_p `pV$Z il¡fdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡. S>¡ A¡L$ Å¡hpgpeL$ A¥rslprkL$ õ\m R>¡

S>¡_u dygpL$ps¡ v$¡i-rhv$¡i\u âhpkuAp¡ Aph¡ R>¡.

AZrlghpX$ `pV$Z_p kp¡g„L$u h„i_p õ\p`L$ d|mfpS>_p `yÓ cudv$¡h-1_u fpZu

DÂedsuA¡ s¡d_p `rs_u õd©rsdp„ 11du kv$u_p A„qsd Qsy\p ̄idp„ âÅ dpV$¡ `pZu_u

kNhX$sp Dcu L$fhp 68 duV$f gp„bu A_¡ f7 duV$f JX$u hph_y„ r_dp®Z L$fpìey lsy. fpZ- L$u-hph kps dpm S>¡V$gu JQu R>¡. hphdp„ v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡_u kp\¡ kp\¡ A_yQfsu AàkfpAp¡,

_pN L$ÞepAp¡_u L$gpÐdL$ d|rs®Ap¡ A¡L$ DÑd õ\p`Ðe_p¡ _d|_p¡ R>¡. S>¡ S>Nscfdp„ DÑd

õ\p`Ðe `¥L$u_y„ NZpe R>¡.

kv$uAp¡ ANpD kfõhsu _v$udp„ Aph¡gp `yf A_¡ AÞe bpbsp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap hph S>du_dp„

v$V$pB NB lsu. ^fsu sm¡ v$bpe¡gu hph L$p¡B_u _Tf¡ QX$u _ lsu. `f„sy f0du kv$u ky^u

gp¡L$p¡\u Argá fl¡gu Ap hph_¡ d|m õhê$`dp„ gphhp cpfsue `yfpsÐh rhcpN¡

B.k.1968dp„ hphdp„ cfpe¡gu dpV$u_¡ blpf L$pY$hp DÐM__ L$pe® Apf„csp hjp£ bpv$ hph

s¡_p d|m õhê$`dp„ Aphu lsu.

Ap hph A¡L$ c|rdNs k„fQ_p R>¡. S>¡dp„ kuX$uAp¡_u A¡L$ î©„Mgp R>¡. `lp¡mp Qbysfp, A_¡

qv$hpgp¡ `f d|rs®Ap¡ b_¡gu R>¡ S>¡_p klpf¡ JX$p `pZudp„ Dsfu iL$pe R>¡. kps dpm_u hphdp„

`p„Q r_L$pk Üpf Aph¡gp R>¡. A_¡ ApS>¡ `Z 800 S>¡V$gu d|rs®Ap¡ dp¡S|>v$ R>¡. Ap hph cpfsue

`yfpsÐh kh£nZ A„sN®s k„frns õdpfL$ R>¡. B.k.1998dp„ cpfs kfL$pf¡ s¡_¡ rhfpks_u

Aõ\pB k|Qudp„ kpd¡g L$fu

lsu `f„sy s¡_¡ h¥[ðL$ rhfpks b_phhp L$p¡B âeÐ_p¡ \ep _ lsp.

fpZ L$u hph

e|_¡õL$p¡_u hëX®$ l¡fuV$¡S> õ\m_u k|Qudp„ çep„dpf_y„

â\d v$pi®r_L$ õ\m âpQu_ r`e| il¡f_¡ kpd¡g

L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. çep„dpf_u â\d kpBV$_¡ Ap

k|Qudp„ õ\p_ âpá \ey R>¡. r`e| il¡fdp„ ÓZ il¡f

l¡rg_, b¡L$\p_p¡ A_¡ îu k¡Óp kpd¡g R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡

n¡Óp¡ çep„dpf_p L$¡qÞÖe iyóL$ n¡Ódp„ Aph¡gp R>¡. s¡_u

kpBV$p¡_u qv$hpgp¡ `f r`e| fpS>h„i Üpfp r_rd®s

Ahi¡j rQrÓs R>¡.

r`e| fpS>h„i f00 B.`|.\u gB_¡ 900 B.`|.

hÃQ¡ 1000\u h^y hjp£ ky^u rhL$rks \ep¡ lsp¡.

r`e| il¡f BfphpX$u _v$u b¡ku__p iyóL$ n¡Ó_p

rhipm tkrQsdp„ qõ\s R>¡. ÓZ¡ il¡fdp„ Ap„riL$ê$`¡

`yfpsqÐhL$ õ\mp¡_y„ Mp¡v$pZ \B füy R>¡. ANpD

\e¡gp Mp¡v$L$pd v$frdep_ dl¡g, qL$gp, L$b°õsp_,

Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ DÐ`pv$_ kpBV$, HV$\u b_¡gp bp¥Â^

õsy` õdpfL$, Ap„riL$ ê$`¡ JQu qv$hpgp¡ A_¡ S>m

âb„^_ kyrh^p S>¡hp Ahi¡jp¡ dmu Apìep R>¡.

âpQu_ r`e| il¡f

bp¡Ðkhp_p_y„ Ap¡L$php„Np X$¡ëV$p rhð_u rhfpks k|Qudp„ 1000dy„ õ\m b_u Ney R>¡. Ap

X$¡ëV$p DÑf `[òd bp¡Ðkhp_p Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. S>¡dp„ õ\peu v$gv$g ^fphsu S>du_ A_¡ dp¥kdu

`yfN°õs d¡v$p_u rhõspfp¡ Aph¡gp R>¡. s¡ A¡hp NÎepNp„W$ep X$¡ëV$p âZpguAp¡ `¥L$u_„y R>¡, S>¡ L$p¡B

kpNf L$¡ kdyÖ_¡ dmsy _\u, ApÖ®c|rd âZpgu ^fph¡ R>¡.

Ap õ\m_u A_p¡Mu rhi¡jsp A¡ R>¡ L$¡, Ap¡L$php„Np¡ _v$udp„ iyóL$ dp¥kddp„ Aphsy hprj®L$ `yf L$¡

S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$¡iu R>p¡X$ A_¡ Å_hf s¡_u kp\¡ `p¡sp_y„ S>¥rhL$ Q3⁄4$_y„ spgd¡g b_phu g¡ R>¡,S>¡

S>mhpey, S>m A_¡ S>¥rhL$ âq3⁄4$epAp¡ hÃQ¡ spgd¡g_y„ Akp^pfZ Dv$plfZ R>¡. Ap X$¡ëV$p rhð_p

Ad|L$ khp®r^L$ gyá âpe õs_^pfu âÅrsAp¡ `¥L$u_p QuÑp, ka¡v$ N¢X$p, ApräL$u S„>Ngu Ly$sfp

A_¡ rk„l_y„ r_hpkõ\p_ R>¡.

Ap¡L$php„Np X$¡ëV$p (bp¡Ðkhp_p)

"hëX®$ l¡fuV$¡S>'_¡ d„S|>fu_u `q3⁄4$ep

kp¥ â\d dlÐh`|Z® âpL©$rsL$ A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ ^fp¡lf_u k|Qu b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

à Ðepfbpv$ v$¡i rhv$¡i_p k„b„r^s rhcpN rhð ^fp¡lf L$¡ÞÖdp„ _pdp„L$_ fS|> L$f¡ R>¡. L$¡ÞÖ s¡_¡ kgplL$pf A¡L$d

BÞV$f_¡i_g L$pDqÞkg Ap ̧a dp ̧Þeyd¢V$1k A¡ÞX$ kpBV$1k `pk¡ s\p hëX®$ L„$S>h£i_ e|r_e_ `pk¡ d|ëep„L$_ dpV$¡

dp¡L$gu Ap`¡ R>¡.

à A„s¡ rhð rhfpks krdrs L$ep õ\m_¡ hëX®$ l¡qfV$¡S> õ\mdp„ kpd¡g L$fhy s¡_p¡ a¢kgp¡ L$f¡ R>¡.

\p¡X$p kde `l¡gp kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f_p kçdp_dp„ Qp„v$u_p

rkL$L$p Åfu \ep bpv$ lh¡ f3 S|>_¡ rb°V$__u Apfpdv$peL$

hõsyAp¡_u kpdp_ r_dp®Z L$fsu L„$`_u "BõV$ BqÞX$ep' Üpfp 1f000

`pDÞX$_u qL„$ds ^fphsp kp¡_p_p rhriô$ rkL$L$p Åfu L$fhpdp„

Apìep lsp. L„$`_u Üpfp h¥[ðL$ õsf¡ dpÓ f10 S>¡V$gp A_¡ f00

N°pd hS>_ ^fphsp rkL$L$p blpf `pX$hpdp„ Apìep R>¡. S>¡_¡

Mfuv$_pf_¡ âdpZuL$sp_„y âdpZ`Ó A_¡ kQu_

s¢Xy$gL$f_p lõspnf ^fphsy b¡V kp\¡$ Ap`hpd„p

Aphi¡.

V$pBçk õL$h

¡f `f 11,000 gp

¡L$p

¡A¡

ep

¡

N L$ep®

vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u ìeõs Qp¡L$ `¥L$u_p NZpsp A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p Þe|ep¡L®$ il¡fdp„ Aph¡gp V$pBçk õL$h¡f

"3⁄4$p¡k fp¡X$1k Ap ̧a ^ hëX®$' `f f1 S|>_¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ 11,000 S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡A¡ ep¡N L$ep® lsp. f1 S|>_ hj®_p¡

kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ qv$hk lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ ep¡N_u `f„`fp dyS>b Ap qv$hk¡ gp¡L$p¡ k|e®_u `|Å L$f¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

V$pBçk õL$h¡f S>¡hu ìeõs S>ÁepA¡ Âep_ gNhphy dyíL$¡g lp¡e R>¡. Ap Qp¡L$ hëX® A¢V$fV$¡BÞd¡ÞV$

BÞX$õV2$uT_y„ dy¿e k¡ÞV$f `Z R>¡.

24

rb°qV$i Nyep_p_u B.k.18`6_u A¡L$ k¢V$_u `p¡õV$ qVqL$V$_u lfpÆ \sp

9.` rdrge_ X$p ̧gfdp„ h¡QpZ \ey-vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u qL„$dsu `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$

Þe|ep¡L®$ Mps¡ kyv$bu Üpfp 18 S|>__p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡gu lfpÆdp„ hj® 18`6_u

rb°qV$i Nyep_p_u A¡L$ k¡ÞV$_u `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$ f¡L$p¡X®$b°¡L$ 9.` qdrge_ X$p ̧gfdp„

h¡QpZu lsu. Ap kp\¡ s¡ vy$r_ep_u AÐepf ky^u_u kp¥\u qL„$dsu `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$

b_u NB R>¡. A¡hy Qp¡\uhpf bÞey R>¡, L$¡ Ap `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$¡ `p¡sp_u lfpÆdp„ `p¡sp_p¡

S> f¡L$p¡X®$ sp¡X$ep¡ lp¡e. lfpÆdp„ kp¥\u dp¢Ou `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ B.k.18``_u

õhuX$__u A¡L$ `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p¡ hj® 1996_p¡ lsp¡. S>¡ f.3 rdrge_ X$p ̧gfdp„

h¡QpB lsu.

qV$qL$V$ `f g¡qV$_ cpjpdp„ Apv$i® hpL$e : "ld v$¡_¡ Ap¥f bv$g¡ d¡ Dçduv$ fMs¡

lfpÆ \e¡gu vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u qL„$dsu `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$

l¥' g¿ey R>¡. d¡S>¡ÞV$p f„N_p L$pNm `f L$pmp f„N\u dyqÖs R>¡. S>¡dp ÓZ S>lpÅ¡_u R>bu s\p ApL$pf

f 3 k¡.du. R>¡.

qV$qL$V$_y„ âQg_ A¡L$hpf qV$qL$V$p¡_u ri`d¢V$dp„ hpf gpNhp bpv$ iê$ \ey lsy. `p¡õV$ dpõsf¡

rb°qV$i Nyep_pdp„ Å¡S®>V$pD_dp„ fp ̧eg N¡S>¡V$ AMbpf_p dyÖL$p¡\u ri`d¢V$dp„ Aphhp ky^u ÓZ

`p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$p¡ R>p`hp dpV$¡ L$üy lsy. 1-k¡ÞV_u d¡S>ÞV$p, 4 k¡ÞV$ d¡S>¡ÞV$p A_¡ 4 k¡ÞV$ åëe|.Ap `p ̧õV$

qV$qL$V$ A¡L$hpf 1f hj®_p bpmL$_¡ dmu lsu.A_¡ bpv$dp„ s¡ A_¡L$ qV$qL$V$ k„N°lL$sp®Ap¡ `pk¡\u

`kpf \su hj® 1980dp„ Å ̧_ Xy$ `p¢V$_p lp\dp„ Aphu. S>¡Z¡ B.k.1996dp„ `p¡sp_p Ofdp„

Ap¡g„qç`L$ f¡gkf X$¡rhX$ iyëV$1k_u lÐep L$fsp s¡_¡ S>¡gdp„ kÅ dpV$¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Apìep¡. S>ep„ s¡_y„

hj® f01fdp„ r_^_ \B Ney lsy.

#

Page 25 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 25

rb°qV$i raëd "d

¡V2$p

¡

dr_gp' _y

„

cpfsue k

„

õL$fZ "rkV$u gpBV$1

k' âv$ri®s

dp_hu krls sdpd Æhp¡ S>¡_p D`f Ap^pf fpM¡ R>¡. s¡hu k„`|Z® Ly$v$fsu ìehõ\p_¡

`ep®hfZ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMphu iL$pe lhp, S>¡ Ap`Z¡ ðpkdp„ gBA¡ R>uA¡, S>du_ S>¡ Ap`Z_¡

`p¡j¡ R>¡. _v$u, _pmp„ kdyÖ S>¡ Ap`Z_¡ `pZu Ap`¡ R>¡. `©Õhu_u Apk`pk_y„ hpsphfZ S>¡

`©Õhu D`f Æh_ iL$e b_ph¡ R>¡ s¡dS> AÞe kÆhp¡ S>¡ Ap`Zu kp\¡ Ap `©Õhu D`f

AqõsÐh ^fph¡ R>¡ s¡ kOmp_p¡ kdÞhe A¡V$g¡ `ep®hfZ. `ep®hfZ sdpd kÆhp¡_u

Apk`pk a¡gpe¡gy A¡L$ rhipm AphfZ R>¡.

Ap`Z¡ Å¡ey s¡d `ep®hfZdp„ dp_h, `iy, `nu, h©np¡, ÆhS„>syAp¡ A_¡ AÞe Æh

k©[ô$ krls lhp, `pZu, S>du_, âL$pi D`fp„s `©Õhu D`f_p Ly$v$fsu AphfZ_p¡ `Z

kdph¡i \pe R>¡. `ep®hfZ_p sdpd OV$L$p¡ A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ Arcß`Z¡, `fõ`f NpY$

k„b„^p¡\u Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. b^p OV$L$p¡_u âq3⁄4$ep hÃQ¡ r_[òs Ap„sf k„b„^p¡ s¡dS> kdsygp lp¡e

R>¡. L$p¡B A¡L$ OV$L$_u âq3⁄4$epdp„ \sp¡ a¡fapf buÅ OV$L$p¡_u âq3⁄4$ep_¡ Akf L$f¡ R>¡. Ap a¡fapf

kp^pfZ s¡dS> kde `|fsp¡ lp¡e sp¡ s¡ buÅ OV$L$p¡_u âq3⁄4$ep Üpfp k„cpmu g¡hpe R>¡. `f„sy

Å¡ A¡L$ OV$L$_u âq3⁄4$epdp„ kss Mg¡g `lp¢Q¡ sp¡ `R>u s¡ b^p S> OV$L$p¡_u âq3⁄4$ep_¡ Akf L$f¡

R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u Akf kdN° Æh_ k©[ô$ `f \pe R>¡.

Ly$v$fsdp„ `ep®hfZ_p OV$L$p¡_u r_[òs âq3⁄4$ep_¡ gu^¡ Qp¡L$L$k k„syg_ lp¡e R>¡. dpZk

iê$Apsdp„ Ly$v$fsdp„ h_õ`rs, âpZuAp¡, `nuAp¡, Æh-S„>syAp¡ hN¡f¡ kp\¡ lmudmu_¡

Ly$v$fs_p r_edp¡ âdpZ¡ Æh_ rhsphsp¡ lsp¡. `f„sy s¡_u byqÂ^ A_¡ rhQpfhp_u iqL$s_¡

L$pfZ¡ cp¥qsL$ kyM A_¡ h^su S>ê$fuepsp¡_¡ k„sp¡jhp, dpZk¡ rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p

n¡Ódp„ âNrs kp^u, Ly$v$fs_p r_edp¡_¡ Dh¡Mu, Ly$v$fsu ÷p¡sp¡_p¡ ApX$¡^X$ b¡apd`Z¡

D`ep¡N L$fhp dp„X$ep¡.

Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$fZ_¡ gu^¡ ApS>¡ `©Õhu D`f `ep®hfZ h^y_¡ h^y âv|$rjs \B füy R>¡. âv|$jZ

D`f Å¡ A„Ly$i _tl d|L$uA¡ sp¡ A¡ kde v|$f _\u `©Õhu D`f_y„ kdN° Æh_ S> _ô$ \B Åe.

DÛp¡Np¡_¡ gu^¡ S>¡ lhp Ap`Z¡ ðpkdp„ gBA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ `pZu, S>¡ Ap`Z¡ `uhp dpV$¡

D`ep¡Ndp„ gBA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ M|b S> âv|$rjs \B Nep R>¡. Ap âv|$jZ s„vy$õfs fus¡ rhL$pk

`pdsp Æh_ dpV$¡ A_yL|$m _\u. dp¡V$p il¡fp¡dp„ NuQ hpl_-ìehlpf, rdgp¡ A_¡ L$pfMp__¡

gu^¡ `ep®hfZdp„ AhpS>_y„ âv|$jZ a¡gpey R>¡ S>¡ dNS> s\p kdN° Q¡sps„Ó_¡ Akf L$f¡ R>¡.

ApS>¡ âv|$jZ kdN° rhð dpV$¡ N„cuf kdõep R>¡. âv|$jZ_¡ gu^¡ `ep®hfZ_u kdsygp_¡

cpf¡ Akf `lp¢Qu R>¡ S>¡ kdN° Æh_ k©[ô$ dpV$¡ M|b S> Å¡Mdu R>¡.

`ep®hfZ_¡ L$¡hu fus¡ s„vy$fõs fpMu iL$pe s¡dS> rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p rhL$pk_u

kp\¡-kp\¡ âv|$jZ_¡ L$¡hu fus¡ _p\u iL$pe s¡_p¡ Ap`Z¡ rhQpf L$fuiy `f„sy s¡ `l¡gp rhop_

A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p rhL$pk\u lhp, `pZu A_¡ S>du_ D`f\u Akfp¡ \pe R>¡ s¡ rhNshpf

Å¡BA¡.

Æ.`u.A¡k.ku. hN® 1/2 _u rârgd `funp Ap`u fl¡gp Dd¡v$hpfp¡ dpV$¡ kpdpÞe op__p `¡`fdp„ `ep®hfZ_¡ gNsp dyv«pAp¡ dpV$¡ Ap rhcpN M|b S>

D`ep¡Nu \i¡. Alu Ad¡ `ep®hfZ_¡ gNsu L$fÞV$ bpbsp¡_y„ L$g¡L$i_ Ap`_u kdn fS|> L$ey® R>¡. Apip R>¡ L$¡, Ap` kp¥ _¡ s¡ M|b D`ep¡Nu \i¡. Ap

rkhpe `ep®hfZ_p dyv«pAp¡ dpV$¡ e|r_. N°„\ r_dp®Z bp¡X®$_u dp_h A_¡ `ep®hfZ byL$ Mpk hpQhu. ApNpdu A„L$dp„ dp_h k„ip^_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ_¡

gNsp âñp¡Ñf `Z fS|> L$fuiy. Ap` kp¥ kam s¡hu lpqv®$L$ iyc¡ÃR>pAp¡.

`ep®hfZ A¡V$g¡ iy„ ?

f. `ep®hfZue OV$L$p¡ A_¡ âv|$jZ :

(1) `pZu

_m Qpgy L$fhp\u Ap`Z_¡ `pZu dmu S>sy lp¡hp\u Ly$v$fs_p Ap OV$L$_y„ iy„ d|ëe R>¡ s¡_u Ap`Z¡

L$ë`_p L$fu iL$sp _\u. Æh dpÓ dpV$¡ S>m AÐe„s S>ê$fu R>¡. `©Õhu_„y 97 V$L$p `pZu Mpfp kdyÖp¡dp„

kdpe¡gy R>¡ A_¡ bpL$u_p 3 V$L$pdp„\u 1 V$L$p `pZu S> dp_hu_p D`ep¡Ndp„ gB iL$pe s¡hy 1 V$L$p `pZu

S>du__u k`pV$u `f _v$u, _pmp s\p kfp¡hfp¡dp„ kdpe¡gy R>¡. S>epf¡ bpL$u_„y 90 V$L$p `pZu kdyÖp¡dp„

S>du__p `¡V$pmdp„ A_¡ ^°yh âv$¡ip¡dp„ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ Ap`Z¡ lSy> kpfu fus¡ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$sp _\u.

Ap`Z¡ ÅZuA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ _p_p-dp¡V$p _Nfp¡ _v$uAp¡_p qL$_pf¡ rhL$õep R>¡. s¡_y L$pfZ dpZk `p¡sp_p

dpV$¡ Ap _v$uAp¡_u amÖy` MuZp¡dp„ A_pS> DNpX$u iL$¡. iê$Apsdp„ _v$udp„_y„ `pZu dp_hu s¡dS>

`iyAp¡_p D`ep¡N\u v|$rjs \sy lsy¡ `f„sy Ly$v$fsu âq3⁄4$ep_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡ `pRy> iyÂ^ \B lsy.

hksu h^pfp_¡ L$pfZ¡ _v$uAp¡_p D`fhpk_p¡ rhõspf dp_h âh©rÑ_¡ gu^¡ Ahfp¡^pep¡. h^y_¡ h^y

S>du_ M¡su dpV$¡ d¡mhhp Ap rhõspf_p h^y_¡ h^y h©np¡ L$`php gpÁep. dp_hu_u gp¡ch©rÑ r_f„Ly$i b_u.

R>¡‰p \p¡X$p hjp£dp„ dp_hu_u hõsudp„ `yóL$m h^pfp¡ \hp_p L$pfZ¡ s¡_u S>ê$fuepsp¡ S>¡hu L$¡ M¡su dpV$¡ h^y_¡

h^y S>du_, h_ D`f Ap^pqfs DÛp¡Np¡ A_¡ L$pQp¡dpg, Bdpfsu S>gpD gpL$Xy$, OpkQpfp¡ hN¡f¡ d¡mhhp

dpV$¡ _v$uAp¡_p D`fhpkdp„ Aph¡gp h^y_¡ h^y h©np¡ L$`php gpÁep S>¡_y„ `qfZpd rh_piL$ `yfhpf \ey.

_v$uAp¡_p D`fhpk_p rhõspf_u hfkpv$_y„ `pZu gp„bp¡ kde k„Ofhp_u ndsp OV$u NB. `qfZpd¡

Qp¡dpkpdp„ _v$uAp¡_p `|f Aphhp dp„X$ep A_¡ Qp¡dpkp bpv$ _v$uAp¡ kyL$php dp„X$u L$¡ s¡dp„ `pZu Ap¡Ry> \hp

dp„X$ey.`yf_p L$pfZ¡ _v$u qL$_pfp_u Apk`pk_p L$p¡sfp¡_u amÖy` S>du__y„ ^p¡hpZ \ey. S>du__u amÖ„y`sp

OV$u, dp_hu `p¡sp_u S>ê$fuepsp¡ k„sp¡jhp h^y_¡ h^y DÛp¡Np¡ õ\p`hp gpÁep¡. Ap DÛp¡Np¡_p¡ L$Qfp¡ h^y_¡

h^y âdpZdp„ _v$uAp¡_p hl¡sp `pZudp„ W$ghphhp gpÁep¡. Ap L$Qfp_y âdpZ A¡V$gy b^y h^hp gpÁey L$¡

Ly$v$fsu Ahõ\pdp„ Ap _v$uAp¡_p `pZu_u NyZhÑp Åmhu fpMhp_y AiL$e bÞey. dp_hu s¡dS> âpZu_u

s„vy$fõsu dpV$¡ Ap `pZu_p¡ D`ep¡N Å¡MdL$pfL$ `yfhpf \ep¡. `pZu âv|$rjs \hp_¡ gu^¡ s¡dS> âpZuAp¡dp„

ÅsÅs_p fp¡Np¡_p¡ riL$pf bÞep.

`pZudp„_p Æhp¡ âv|$jZ_¡ gu^¡ _pi `pdhp gpÁep A_¡ _v$uAp¡ h^y_¡ h^y âv|$rjs \hp gpNu.

`uhp dpV$¡ s¡dS> tkQpB_u h^su S>su S>ê$qfepsp¡_¡ `lp¢Qu hmhp dp_huA¡ _v$uAp¡ D`f dp¡V$p b„^p¡

bp„^hp iê$ L$ep®. A¡ b„^p¡ bp„^hp dpV$¡ lpgdp„ rhfp¡^pcpju d„sìep¡ âhs£ R>¡. `ep®hfZip÷uAp¡ dp_¡ R>¡ L$¡,

_v$u D`f dp¡V$p b„^p¡ bp„^hp\u D`fhpk_p s¡dS> _uQ¡_p rhõspfp¡_p `qfkf_¡ Akf `lp¢Q¡ R>¡. kss

tkQpB_¡ L$pfZ¡ b„^_u _uQ¡_p rhõspfp¡_u S>du_ npfhpmu b_¡ R>¡. A_¡ M¡su dpV$¡ _L$pdu b_su Åe R>¡.

dp¡V$p b„^_¡ gu^¡ _vuAp¡_p âhpl Ap¡R>p¡ \B Nep¡ S>¡_p L$pfZ¡ _v$uAp¡_u ApSy>bpSy>_p `ep®hfZ s\p

`qfkfdp„ Akdsygp Dcu \B.

(f) S>du_ :

h_õ`rsh©[ô$ s\p dp_h krls_u âpZuk©[ô$ dpV$¡ S>du_ AphíeL$ R>¡. S>du_ rh_p Æh_ AiL$e

R>¡. S>du_ kÆh, r_Æ®h Apifp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. S>du__u amÖy`sp `f kly r_c®f R>¡. S>du__u amÖy`sp

S>mhpi¡ _lu sp¡ kdN° Æhk[ô$ Å¡Mdpi¡.

rhðdp„ v$f hj£ `0 \u 70 gpM l¡L$V$f kpfu, M¡sugpeL$ S>du__„y ^p¡hpZ \pe R>¡. Ap S> NrsA¡ Å¡

^p¡hpZ Qpgy fl¡i¡ sp¡ Aphsp f0 hj®dp„ rhð_u 1400 gpM l¡L$V$f S>du__p¡ _pi \i¡. NB kv$u_p A„s

ky^udp„ rhð_u hõsu 600 L$fp¡X$\u h^pf¡ \B R>¡.

AS>¥rhL$ OV$L$p

¡

NyS>fpsdp„ h©np¡_u qõ\rs

fpô2$

ìep`u h©npfp¡`Z Arcep__p¡ `°pf„c

à B.k.f011-1f_u h©np¡_u NZsfu dyS>b 167 S>¡V$gu çey.L$p¡`p£. A_¡

_Nf`prgL$p rhõspfdp„ Ly$g 6`.`0 gpM h©np¡ _p¢^pep lsp. S>¡ dyS>b ârs

l¡L$V$f 18.9 S>¡V$gu O_sp \pe R>¡.

à N°u_ kuV$u Np„^u_Nfdp„ l¡L$V$f v$uW$ h©np¡_u NuQsp 1`f S>¡V$gp h©np¡_u R>¡.

à fpS>edp„ Np„^u_Nf, hX$p¡v$fp, cph_Nf _Nf`prgL$p rhõspfdp„ kf¡fpi

O_sp L$fsp h^y h©np¡ R>¡. S>epf¡ kyfs, Adv$phpv$, fpS>L$p¡V$, Åd_Nfdp„

h©np¡_u k„¿ep kf¡fpi L$fsp Ap¡R>u R>¡.

à Np„^u_Nf, hX$p¡v$fp S>¡hp il¡fp¡_u Apk`pk_p N°pçe rhõspfdp„ h©np¡_y„

AphfZ kpê$ R>¡. S>epf¡ fpS>L$p¡V$dp„ _bmy R>¡.

àfpS>e_u 1`9 çey.L$p¡`p£., _Nf`prgL$pAp¡_u f,12,440 l¡L$V$f S>du_dp„ Ly$g

3f,44,160 h©np¡ R>¡. A\p®s h©np¡_u kf¡fpi l¡L$V$f v$uW$ NuQsp 1`.f7

S>¡V$gu R>¡. f3 S>¡V$gu _Nf`prgL$pdp„ l¡LV$f v$uW$ NuQsp 30 \u `0 S>¡V$gu R>¡.

S>epf¡ 70 _Nf`prgL$pdp„ l¡L$V$f v$uW$ 10 L$fsp `Z Ap¡R>p h©np¡ R>¡.

çey.L$p¡`p£f¡i_ h©np¡_u k„¿ep NuQsp

Adv$phpv$ 6,17,090 13.1

kyfs 3,33,970 8.4

hX$p¡v$fp 7,47,190 45.9

Np„^u_Nf 8,66,670 152.0

fpS>L$p¡V$ 1,37,520 13.2

cph_Nf 4,75,950 89.46

S|>_pNY$ 76,690 13.05

Spd_Nf 45,880 13.04

L$¡qÞÖe S>m k„ip^_ d„Óu Ddp cpfsuA¡ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> _v$uAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ fpô2ìep`u

h©npfp¡`Z Arcep_ A_¡ S>_ ÅN©rs L$pe®3⁄4$d_u iê$Aps L$fu lsu. s¡dZ¡ DÑfpM„X$ Ap`rÑ_p riL$pf

\e¡gp gp¡L$p¡_u õd©rsdp„ qv$ëlu Mps¡ edy_p _v$u_p qL$_pf¡ h©npfp¡`Z L$ey® lsy. Ap âL$pf_p L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡, N„Np¡Óu,

lqfÜpf, L$p_`yf, hpfpZku, Agplpbpv$, `V$Zp, _hpqÜ`, N„NpkpNf Mps¡ Apep¡Æs \ep lsp.

NyS>fps_p dlp_Nfp¡dp„ h©np¡

Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u h©np¡_u k„¿ep NuQsp

Ap¥X$p (Adv$phpv$) 7,95,470 13.40

ê$X$p (fpS>L$p¡V$) 1,66,410 2.96

hyX$p (hX$p¡v$fp) 18,14,360 32.97

kyX$p (kyfs) 4,64,510 14.23

bpX$p (cph_Nf) 1,80,910 13.76

Sy>X$p (S|_pNY$) 3,69,780 12.4

Ab®_ X$¡

hg`d

¡

ÞV$ Ap

̧\p

¡qfV$u rhõspf_u qõ\rs

rhðdp„ ârs rdr_V$¡ `0 A¡L$f S>¡V$gp NuQ S„>Ng_p¡ kapep¡ \B füp¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

âqsqv$_ 7f,000 A¡L$f NuQ S„>Ng _pdi¡j \B füy R>¡. rhL$pk_u Ap„^mu v$p¡X$dp„

`ep®hfZ S>s__u dpÓ hpsp¡ \B flu R>¡. õhe„k¡hu k„NW$_p¡ s\p k„eyL$s fpô2$ S>¡hu

k„õ\pAp¡_p gpM âeÐ_p¡ \sp `ep®hfZ âÐe¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ `Z ÅN©rs_p¡ rbgLy$g Acph

Å¡hp dmu füp¡ R>¡. ApX$¡^X$ MX$L$pB fl¡gp L$p¢3⁄4$uV$_p S„>Ngp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ h©np¡_y„ r_L„$v$_

r_L$msp N°u_ L$hf OV$u füy R>¡. S>¡\u sp`dp_dp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡. hs®çpp_ hj®_u rN°ód

F$sy_u Nfdu s¡_y„ DÑd Dv$plfZ R>¡. Adv$phpv$ S>¡hp dlp_Nfp¡dp„ S>Áep_¡ Acph¡

hh©np¡ hphu iL$psp _\u. ©np¡_y„

r_

L„$v$_ :

Page 26 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 26

dpÓ df¡gp `iy-Å_hfp¡ MpB_¡ `p¡s_„y

`¡V$ cfsp A_¡ âL©$rs_p kp¥\u D`ep¡Nu

kapB L$pdv$fp¡ L$l¡hpsp Nu^_y„ `ep®hfZ_¡

iyÂ^ fpMhpdp„ dlÐh`|Z® âv$p_ fl¡gy R>¡.

df¡gp `iy_¡ dpV$udp„ dmu_¡ _pi \sp M|b S>

kde gpN¡ R>¡. S>epf¡ 10 \u 1f S>¡V$gp

Nu^p¡_y„ V$p¡my s¡_p¡ Vy„$L$p kdedp„ Mp¡fpL$ sfuL$¡

D`ep¡N L$fu_¡ kpa L$fu _pM¡ R>¡.

Nu^_u k„¿ep

B.k.f01fdp„ \e¡gu NZsfu

âdpZ¡ NyS>fps fpS>edp„ 3000 S>¡V$gp Nu^ _p¢^pep lsp. S>¡ `¥L$u 1000 S>¡V$gp L$ÃR>dp„

lsp. B.k.f00`dp„ L$ÃR>dp„ s¡_u k„¿ep OV$u_¡ 464 S>¡V$gu \B lsu. S>epf¡ R>¡ëg¡ hj®

f01fdp„ \e¡gu NZsfu dyS>b NyS>fpsdp„ 1043 Nu^ _p¢^pep lsp. S>¡dp„ L$ÃR>dp„ dpÓ

180 S>¡V$gp Nu^ dmu Apìep R>¡.

à Nu^ `nu fpÓuhpkp¡ s\p dpmp¡ b_phhp J„Qp h©np¡ `k„v$ L$f¡ R>¡. S„>Ngp¡_y„ b¡apd

r_L„$v$_ A_¡ s¡dp„ dp_hue Mg¡g s\p dp_h hkpls_u Apk`pk_p dp¡V$p h©np¡

L$`pB S>sp s¡d_u âS>__ âh©rÑdp„ rhn¡` `X$hp\u.

à L$¡V$guL$ S>ÁepA¡ df¡gp âpZuAp¡_p¡ gp¡L$p¡ Üpfp D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. s¡dS> Ly$sfpAp¡_p¡

Aphp Mp¡fpL$ `f Ars3⁄4$dZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Nu^ dpV$¡ Mp¡fpL$_u AR>s Dcu \hp\u.

à L$¡V$gpL$ `pgsy `iyAp¡_¡ rbdpfu L$¡ ifuf_p kp¡Å kde¡ v$hp sfuL$¡ A`psu

X2$pBL$gp¡X2$¡_¡L$ _pd_u v$hp `Z L$¡V$gpL$ A„i¡ L$pfZc|s R>¡. Ap v$hp_y„ fpkperZL$

b„^pfZ Aphp d©s `iy_p¡ Mp¡fpL$ sfuL$¡ D`ep¡N L$fsp Nu^_u L$uX$_u Mfpb \sp

s¡Ap¡ d©Ðey `pd¡ R>¡.

à L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ B.k.f006dp„ Ap v$hp âqsb„^us L$fhp R>sp s¡_p h`fpidp„ Mpk afL$

`X$ep¡ _\u.

_hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s DÃQsf A_¡ sL$_uL$u rinZ_p fpS>e krQhp¡_p

k„d¡g_dp„ L$¡qÞÖe dp_h k„ip^_ rhL$pk d„Óu õd©rs Bfp_uA¡ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> rldpge

k„b„^u AÂee_ dpV$¡ DÑfpM„X$ fpS>edp„ L$¡qÞÖe rhð rhÛpge õ\p`hp_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

Ap kp\¡ hj® f014_p A„s ky^udp„ A¡L$ fpô2$ue B-gpBb°¡fu A_¡ "rldpge_ fpô2$ue

rdi_' s\p "rldpge_ kõV$¡_¡grgV$u a„X$' iê$ L$fhp_u Op¡jZp `Z L$fu lsu.

rldpge k

„

b

„

^u AÂee_ dpV$¡ DÑfpM

„

X$dp

„

L$¡qÞÖe rhð rhÛpge õ\pr`s \i¡

rhïg¡jZ :

rldpge `f_p Ág¡riefp¡ TX$`\u r`Nmu füp R>¡. s¡dS> Al] D`gå^ h_õ`rsAp¡ `Z M|b S>

Ap¡R>u dpÓpdp„ \B NB R>¡. A¡hu `qfqõ\rsdp„ Al] rhð rhÛpge_u õ\p`_p AÐe„s dlÐh`|Z® R>¡.

Al] DÃQsd L$np_p AÂep`L$p¡_¡ cpfs s¡dS> rhv$¡idp„\u `Z r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpp„ Aphi¡. S>¡_p Üpfp

qldpge k„b„^u rhjep¡_u dprlsu_p ÅZL$pfu s¥epf \hp kp\¡ DÃQõsfue qfkQ® `Z \i¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs v$¡idp„ Ap âL$pf_y„ L$p¡B rhð rhÛpge lsy _lu.

`°vyrjs il¡fp¡ A_¡ v$¡i :

rhð_p kp¥\u h^y âvy$rjs il¡f : 70 gpM d©Ðey

`ep®hfZ_p rdÓ Ly$v$fsu kapB

L$pdv$pf Nu^_u OV$su k„¿ep

s`sp dp

¥kd_u Nfd lhpAp

¡

_p

¡ A\®

:

hs®dp_ D_pmpdp„ v$¡i cujZ Nfdu A_¡ g|_u g`¡V$dp„ R>¡. Ak„¿e S>ÁepAp¡A¡\u

sp`dp__p f¡L$p¡X® syV$hp_p kdpQpfp¡ Aphu füp R>¡. Aphu `qfqõ\rs_¡ ìep`L$ A_¡

v$u^®L$pgu_ bv$gphp¡_p k„v$c®dp„ kdS>hp_u S>ê$f R>¡. dp¥kd rhcpN_p Ap„L$X$pAp¡_p

rhõs©s qhíg¡jZ_p Ap^pf¡ ep¡S>_p Apep¡N¡ r_óLj® L$pY$ep¡ R>¡ L$¡ hj® 1997 bpv$\u

dp¥kd_u h^y Nfd \hp_u âh©rÑ kpa v$¡MpB flu R>¡. B.k.1900 \u f01f_p S>¡ 113

hj® R>¡, s¡dp„ b¡ kp¥\u Nfd hj® f009 A_¡ f010 R>¡. s¡_p\u `Z Ar^L$ Nfdu h^u flu

R>¡. B.k.1997-f01f_p 1` hjp£_u syg_p Ap `l¡gp_p hjp£ kp\¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡

kf¡fpi hjp® `l¡gp L$fsp Ap¡R>u \hp kp\¡ AÞe a¡fbv$g `Z h^y \ep R>¡. Ap bv$gph_¡

S>mhpey `qfhs®__p ìep`L$ A_¡ v$u^®L$pgu_ v$p¥f\u Å¡X$u_¡ Å¡hpdp„ Aphu füp R>¡. f¡L$p¡X®$

sp¡X$su W„X$u, Nd¡ Ðepf¡ hjp®, Ap„^u A_¡ sp¡ap_, L$fp `X$hp S>¡hu bpbsp¡ Nd¡ Ðepf¡ Å¡hp

dmu flu R>¡. dp¥kd_p bv$gphdp„ õ\pr_L$ õsfp¡ `f dpB3⁄4$p¡ L$gpBd¡V$ Q¡ÞS>_p bv$gph

`Z \ep R>¡. S>¡d L$¡ h_ L$`php_¡ L$pfZ¡ lfuepmu OV$sp Nfdu A_¡ iyóLsp h^u R>¡.

bv$gsp S>mhpey_p v$p¥fdp„ _ursNs õsf¡ L$¡V$gpe¡ ìep`L$ bv$gphp¡ L$fhp S>ê$fu R>¡.

S>¡_p dpV$¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ L$¡V$guL$ ep¡S>_pAp¡ b_phu R>¡ `f„sy s¡ `ep®á _\u. hs®dp_ kde¡

Nfdu A_¡ g| \u `f¡ip_ gp¡L$p¡_¡ fpls Ap`hp A_¡L$ gp„bp Npmp_p âeÐ_p¡ S>ê$fu R>¡.

B.k.1967-f01f v$frdep__p 4` hjp£_p Ap„L$X$pAp¡_p rhïg¡jZdp„ S>Zpey R>¡ L$¡,

rhrcÞ_ Ap`v$pAp¡dp„ luV$ õV2$p¡L$\u \su d©Ðey_u k„¿ep L$p¡ëX$ õV2$p¡L$\u \su d©Ðey L$fsp h^y

R>¡. kph®S>r_L$ S>ÁepAp¡ `f Qp¡¿My A_¡ W„$Xy$ `pZu, b`p¡f dpV$¡ Apîe õ\p_p¡ S>¡hp D`pep¡

S>ê$fu R>¡. `l¡gp_p kdedp„ v$pspAp¡, kpdprS>L$ k„õ\pAp¡ Aphp L$pe® ky`¡f¡ r_cphu

ÅZsp lsp `f„sy ApS>_p A¡_.Æ.Ap¡. _¡ Aphp L$pep£dp„ fk _\u

rlV$h¡h :.

hs®dp_ kde¡ v$¡idp„ NfduA¡ dpTp dyL$sp rlV$h¡h_¡ L$pfZ¡ M|b TX$`\u ârsq3⁄4$ep Ap`sp

_yL$ip_L$pfL$ hpey Ap¡Tp¡__y„ âdpZ h^u Ney R>¡. "k¡ÞV$f ap ̧f kpeÞk A¡ÞX$ A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV'

Üpfp \e¡gp kh£nZ dyS>b ðk_s„Ó_¡ gNsp Aõ\dp S>¡hp fp¡Np¡\u `uX$psp gp¡L$p¡A¡

Ap¡Tp¡_ hpey\u bQhy S>ê$fu R>¡.

Ap¡Tp¡_ hpey\u bQhp_p D`pe :

- dp¡V$p il¡fp¡dp„ qX$Tg\u Qpgsp hpl_ Ap¡R>p L$fhp Å¡BA¡ L$pfZ L$¡ qX$Tg\u Qpgsp

hpl_p¡_p¡ ^ydpX$p¡ Ap¡Tp¡_ hpey_y„ kS®>_ L$fhp dpV$¡ dv$v$ê$` b_¡ R>¡.

- õhk_ s„Ó_p fp¡Np¡\u `uX$psp gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ofdp„ S fl¡hy Å¡BA¡.

- Ad¡qfL$p_u S>¡d l¡ë\ A¡gV®$ rkõV$d iê$ L$fhu Å¡BA¡.

- `p¡ëe|i_ A¡gV®$ qkõV$d gphhu Å¡BA¡.

Nu^_u k„¿ep OV$hp_„y L$pfZ :

hëX®$ l¡ë\ Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ Üpfp spS>¡sfdp„ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu qf`p¡V®$dp„ NyS>fps_p

Adv$phpv$ il¡f_p¡ v$¡i_p kp¥\u âvy$rjs il¡fp¡dp„ `p„Qdp„ õ\p_¡ kdph¡i \ep¡ R>¡.

`p„Q S|>_¡ DS>hpe¡gp rhð `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u `|h£ Aph¡gp¡ Ap Al¡hpg rhL$pk_u Ap„^mu

v$p¡X$dp„ `ep®hfZ_u Åmhp_u âÐe¡ Op¡f b¡v$fL$pfu fpMhpdp„ Aphu lp¡hp_y kprbs \pe R>¡.

B.k.f008 \u f013 ky^u_p kdeNpmp_¡ _Tf kdn fpMu_¡ s¥epf \e¡gu qf`p¡V®$ fpS>e

s\p v$¡i dpV$¡ tQspS>_L$ R>¡.

rhð_p V$p¡Q_p õhÃR> v$¡i :

(1) qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$

(f) gL$TdbN®

(3) Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep

(4) tkNp`yf

(`) Q¡L$ qf`qågL$

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp rhð_p Ly$g 1600 S>¡V$gp il¡fp¡dp„ âvy$jZ rhjeL$ kh£nZ

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. S>¡dp„ cpfs_y„ qv$ëlu kp¥\u âvy$rjs il¡f lp¡hp_y„ spfZ kpd¡ Apìey lsy. Ap

`l¡gp Qu__y„ b¡BrS„>N rhð_y„ kp¥\u âvy$rjs il¡f lsy.

qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b lhp_p âvy$jZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ rhðcfdp„ v$f hj£ 70 gpM gp¡L$p¡_p d©Ðey \pe R>¡.

ùv$e fp¡N, L$¡Þkf, õV2$p¡L$k S>¡hp OpsL$ fp¡Np¡_u kdõep h^u R>¡. hj® f01f-13dp„ 40 %

õV2$p¡L$k, 40 % ùv$e rhjeL$ rbdpfu, 11 % ðpk_u rbdpfu, 6 % a¡akp_p L$¡Þkf_¡ L$pfZ¡

d©Ðey \ep R>¡.

rhð_p kp¥\u h^y âvy$rjs il¡f sfuL$¡ A¡L$ _„bf¡ cpfs_y„ qv$ëlu il¡f (f) b¡BÆ„N (Qu_),

(3) L$¥fp¡ (BÆá) (4) kpqÞsApNp¡ (qQgu), (`) d¡qL$kL$p¡ (d¡qL$kL$p¡ qkV$u) R>¡.

cpfs_p kp¥\u h^y âvy$rjs il¡f

(1) qv$ëlu

(f) `V$Zp

(3) Áhprgef

(4) fpe`yf

(`) Adv$phpv$

NyS>fps_p kp¥\u h^y âvy$rjs il¡f

(1) Adv$phpv$

(f) Åd_Nf

(3) kyfs

(4) fpS>L$p¡V$

(`) hp`u

Page 27 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 27

l¡sy : (A¡) Ad¡qfL$p_y„ hs®dp_ k„frns n¡Ó `¡k¡raL$ qfdp¡V$ ApBg¦X$1k dfu_ _¡i_g

dp ̧Þeyd¢V$'_p¡ rhõspf L$fhp¡.

(bu) b¡ gpM hN® qL$gp¡duV$f n¡Ódp„ a¡gpe¡gp Ap rhõspfdp„ dpR>gu `L$X$hp A_¡ qX2$qg„N

k„b„^u Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f ârsb„^ gpNi¡ A_¡ rhõspqfs n¡Ó vy$r_epdp„ `|Z® fus¡ kyfrns kdyÖu

c„X$pfp¡_¡ gNcN b¡-NÏ L$fu iL$pi¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_p fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdpA¡ âip„s dlpkpNf hÃQ¡ vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u dp¡V$p kdyÖu

k„frns n¡Ó (dfu_ `° ̧pV$¡L$V$¡L$ A¡qfep-A¡d.`u.A¡.) b_phhp_u ep¡S>_p_u Ål¡fps 17 S|>_¡ L$fu

lsu. Ap¡bpdpA¡ k„frns n¡Ó_p r_dp®Z dpV$¡ `p¡sp_p L$pe®L$pfu Ar^L$pf_p¡ âep¡N L$ep£ lsp¡. S>¡_¡

A„rsd õhê$` h¥opr_L$p¡, dpR>gu `L$X$_pf, k„fnZ k„NW$_p¡ kp\¡ rhQpf rhdi® L$ep® bpv$

Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡.

c|rd n¡Óp¡_u kyfnp dpV$¡ fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡dpbpA¡ `p¡sp_p L$pe®L$pfu Ar^L$pfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N 11

hpf L$ep£ R>¡. h¥opr_L$p¡ A_¡ L$pe®L$sp®Ap¡_p v$bpZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>m_u A„v$f dp¡S|>v Ap$ n¡Ó_¡ bQphhp

`p¡sp_p L$pe®L$pfu Ar^L$pf_p¡ D`ep¡N 1fdu hpf L$ep£ lsp¡.

Ap k„frns kdyÖu n¡Ó rhð_p kdyÖp¡_y„ dpÓ f.8 % R>¡, `f„sy S>¡ rhõspfdp„ dpR>gu `L$X$hp_y„

qX2$qg„N A_¡ AÞe Nrsrhr^Ap¡ ârsb„r^s R>¡ s¡ M|b S> _p_p¡ R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p_y„ Ap `Ngy dlÐh_„y R>¡.

kdyÖu âÅrsAp¡_y„ k„fnZ dpÓ Ad¡qfL$p S>¡hp dp¡V$p v$¡i S> _\u L$fu füp. lpg_p qv$hkp¡dp„

_p_p NZfpS>e qf`qågL$ Ap ̧a qL$fubpsuA¡ hj® f014_p A„s ky^u ìehkpreL$ dpR>gu `L$X$hp_u

bpbs_¡ b„^ L$fhp dpV$¡ ap¡r_L$k ApBg¥X$1k âp¡V$¡L$V$¡X$ A¡qfep_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu. dpR>gu `L$X$hp_y„$

Ap n¡Ó Ad¡qfL$p_p rhõspfus A¡d.`u.A¡._u M|b S> _ÆL$ R>¡. A_¡ s¡ A¡hp n¡Ó_u bpSy>dp„ Aph¡ R>¡,

S>ep„ `©Õhu `f dp¡S|>v$ V|$_p dpR>guAp¡_p¡ bQ¡gp¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ S>Õ\p¡ R>¡.

fpô2$ue âip„s vy$fõ\ V$p`y kdyÖu õdpfL$ (`¡k¡raL$ qfdp¡V$ ApBg¦X$1k dfu_ _¡i_g

dp ̧Þe|d¡ÞV$)_u õ\p`_p 6 ÅÞeyApfu f009_p fp¡S> fpô2$`qs S>ep¡S®> X$åëey byi¡ Ap¡\p ̧qfV$u Ap ̧a ^

A¡L$hp„V$uS> A¡L$V$, 1906 A„sN®s L$fu lsu. Ap õdpfL$ lp ̧hg¡„X$ b¡L$f A_¡ S>¡rh®k ApBg¦X$1k_p

Ap¡R>p `pZu_p õsf\u gB_¡ Å¡_k_, h¡L$ A_¡ `pëdpefp A¡fp ̧ëk A_¡ qL„$Nd¡_ fua ky^u `0

_p ̧qV$L$g ky^u a¡gpe¡gy R>¡.

Ap n¡Ó Ad¡qfL$p_p r_e„ÓZdp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ kps S>¡V$gp rhMfpe¡gp V$p`y A¡V$p ̧ëk A_¡ fua R>¡ S>¡

lhpB A_¡ Ad¡qfL$u kdp¡Ap hÃQ¡ qõ\s R>¡. Al] kpdpÞe fus¡ r_S®>_ A_¡ kyv$|f V$p`yAp¡_u Qpf¡

sfa\u O¡fpe¡gp `pZudp„ L$¡V$gue¡ kdyÖu âÅrsAp¡_„y Of R>¡. S>¡dp„ L$p¡fg, kdyÖu `nu, ipL®$ A_¡

h_õ`rsAp¡ kpd¡g R>¡. S>¡ vy$q_ep_p L$p¡B cpNdp„ Å¡hp dmsp _\u.

vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ "dfu_ âp¡V$¡L$V$¡X$

A¡qfep' âip„s dlpkpNf hÃQ¡

b_phhp Ad¡qfL$p_u Op¡jZp

ü Å`p_u dpR>gu Bg (A¢NyBëgp Å`p¡r_L$p)_p r_hpk õ\p__¡

_yL$ip_, h^y âdpZdp„ dpR>gu `L$X$hu, âhpkdp„ rhÂ_, âvy$jZ

A_¡ kdyÖu ^pfpAp¡dp„ `qfhs®__¡ L$pfZ¡ gyá âpe Æhp¡_u k|Qudp„

fpMhpdp„ Ap Aphu R>¡.

ü b°pÆg_u \°u-b¥„X$ Adp®qX$ëgp¡ (V$p ̧rgàeyV$¡k V2$urkÞL$fk raap

rhðL$` 2014_y„ iyc„L$f)_¡ kyL$u TpX$uAp¡_p d¡v$p_ L$pqV$ÞNp

Aphpkdp„ `0 % S>¡V$gu L$du_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_¡ Ars k„h¡v$_iug

âÅrsAp¡_p Æhp¡_u î¡Zudp„ fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

ü 94 % \u `Z h^y gudfp¡_u rhgyá \hp_u iL$esp_p¡ Msfp¡ S>ZpB

füp¡ R>¡. gudf_u 101 Ærhs âÅrsAp¡ `¥L$u ff âÅrsAp¡ Ar^L$

Msfpdp„ R>¡. S>¡dp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$p Ærhs gudf-dp¡Vy$ ifuf ^fphsp HÖu

gudf `Z kpd¡g R>¡. s¡d_p Æh_ `f_p¡ Msfp¡ dX$pNpõL$f_p

DóZ L$V$ub„^ue h_ r_hpk_p rh_pi_¡ L$pfZ¡ `¡v$p \ep¡ R>¡.

ü Ly$g 48 S>¡V$gu âÅrsAp¡ Msfpdp„ R>¡. d¥X$d b\® dpDk gudf

(dpB3⁄4$p¡kubk b\®) Msfpdp„ R>¡.

ü b_p_p ApqL®$X$ (qdfd¡L$p¡ragp \p¡dkp¡r_ep_p)-L$¥d¡_ ApBg¡ÞX$_y„

fpô2$ue ayg `Z gyá\hp_u k|Qudp„ R>¡.

ü Nh_®kf g¥a_ a_® (qX$àgpÆed g¥ap_u_ed) dp_hue

Nrsrhr^Ap¡ A_¡ Ap3⁄4$dL$ âÅrsAp¡ Aphhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ `p¡sp_p

âpL©$rsL$ Aphpk _ô$ \hp\u gyá \B flu R>¡.

ü dpÓ BTfpegdp„ dmu Aphsu dpR>guAp¡_u âÅrsAp¡-epfL$p¡_

b°ud (A¡L$p„\p¡b°pdp V$¡gphuh¡_rkk) A_¡ qL$k-rg` rldfu

(L$pgpkp¡bpfbk L$p¡õkprhNu) gyáâpe Æhp¡_u k|Qudp„\u lV$u_¡

Ars k„h¡v$_iug âÅrsAp¡_u î¡Zudp„ Aphu NB R>¡.

k

„

L$V$N°õs âÅrsAp

¡

_u f¡

X$ rgõV$ Ål

¡f \B

Ap„sffpô2$ue âL©$rs k„fnZ d„Q (ApB.e|.ku.A¡_.) Üpfp 1f S|>_ f014_p fp¡S>

k„L$V$N°õs âÅrsAp¡_u f¡X$ rgõV$ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Å`p_u dpR>gu A¢NyBëgp

Å`p¡r_L$p_¡ gyáâpe Æh ê$`¡ k|QubÂ^ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>epf¡ b°pÆg_u \°u b¦X$

Adp®qX$ëgp¡ (raap rhðL$` f014_y„ iyc„L$f)_¡ Ars k„h¡v$_iug î¡Zudp„ fpMhpdp„

Aph¡g R>¡.

B.k.1948dp„ õ\`pe¡gy Ap d„Q rhð_y„ kp¥\u S|>_y A_¡ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ h¥[ðL$ `ep®hfZ

k„NW$_ R>¡. S>¡ `ep®hfZ A_¡ kss rhL$pk_p n¡Ódp„ AN°Zu Ar^L$pf ^fph¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„

dy¿e d\L$ qõhV1Tfg¡ÞX$_p Ær_hp Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

ApB.e|.ku.A¡_. qõ`rkS> âp¡N°pd A_¡ qõ`rkS> khp®BL$g L$rdi_

(A¡k.A¡k.ku.) h¥[ðL$ A_¡ n¡Óue õsf `f âÅrsAp¡ D`âÅrsAp¡ A_¡ S>_k„¿ep

k„fnZ_y„ ApL$g_ L$fu_¡ s¡_p k„fnZ dpV$¡ dpN®v$i®_ Ap`¡ R>¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue âL©$rs k„fnZ d„Q

qf`p¡V$®_u dy¿e bpbsp¡ :-

Å`p_dp„ dpQ® f014\u A¡râg A_¡ S|>_ dpk ky^udp„ 30 S>¡V$gu tdL$ lh¡g

dpR>guAp¡_p¡ k„lpf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Å`p_ Üpfp Ap âL$pf_u lfL$s

BÞV$f_¡i_g L$p¡V®$ Ap ̧a S>qõV$V$_p Ap v$¡i `f Aphp Dv«¡ip¡ dpV$¡ riL$pf L$fhp `f

ârsb„^ gNphhp bpv$ \B R>¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue L$p_|_ A„sN®s v$rnZu dlpkpNf (A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$ lh¡tgN)dp„ h ¥ o p q _ L $

k„ip¡^_ dpV$¡ lh¡g_p¡ qiL$pf L$fhp¡ N¡fL$p_|_u R>¡. BÞV$f_¡i_g L$p¡V®$ Ap ̧a S>qõV$k¡ `p¡sp_p a¥kgpdp„

Å`p__p S>¡.A¡.Apf.`u.A¡.-f lh¡g]N âp¡N°pd `f âqsb„^ gNpìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_y„ L$pfZ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep A_¡

L$¡V$gpL$ `ep®hfZ kd|lp¡A¡ Å`p_ qhê$Â^ afuepv$ L$fu lsu.

BÞV$f_¡i_g L$p¡V$® Ap ̧a S>qõV$k_p QyL$pv$p_u dep®v$p

Å`p__¡ A¢V$pL®$qV$L$pdp„ S>¡.A¡.Apf.`u.A¡-f A„sN®s lh¡g_p¡ qiL$pf b„^ L$fhp S>Zphpey lsy. `„fsy

s¡dp„ âip„s n¡Ódp„ hprj®L$ riL$pf_p¡ L$p¡B Dëg¡M _\u. s¡\u Å`p_ âip„s n¡Ódp„ lh¡g_p¡ riL$pf L$fhp

ApTpv$ R>¡.

`¡k¡raL$ qfdp¡V$ ApBg¦X1k dfu_ _¡i_g dp ̧Þe|d¢V$

30 S>¡V$gu tdL$ lh¡g dpR>guAp¡_p¡ k„lpf

hs®dp_ kde¡ `ep®hfZ_u kyfnp `©Õhu_p A[õsÐh_p âí__¡ gB_¡ A¡L$v$d S>qV$g b_u

QyL$u R>¡. A¡ kp\¡ S> `ep®hfZ_p k„L$V$ kp\¡ kp\¡ S> `©Õhu `f Ap`Zp v$f¡L$ Æh_ D`ep¡Nu

L$pe®L$gp`_y„ crhóe k„L$V$de b_u Ney R>¡. rhL$pk_u Ap„^mu v$p¥X$dp„ `ep®hfZ kyfnp

dpÓ A¡L$ _pfp¡ b_u_¡ flu NB R>¡. L$p¡B`Z v$¡i_u cp¥rsL$ kd©rÂ^_p kp^_p¡_u `|rs® dpV$¡

`ep®hfZ_p¡ cp¡N g¡hp kp\¡ D`cp¡Nhpv$dp„ Xy$b¡gp gp¡L$p¡dp„ `ep®hfZ_u

ÅN©rs dpÓ ` S|>__p qv$hk¡ DS>hhp Mpsf DS>hu_¡ Ap qv$hk_p Ddv$p

Dv1¡ip¡_u AhNZ_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu flu R>¡. fkpeZp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ vy$rjs \B fl¡gy

Ly$v$fsu S>m, a¡L$V$fuAp¡ A_¡ hpl_p¡ Üpfp a¡gphhpdp„ Aphsy âvy$jZ L$¡V$gue¡

rbdpfuAp¡_y„ hplL$ b_u QyL$ey R>¡. S„>Ng_p h©np¡$_y„ ApX$¡^X$ r_L„$v$_ A_¡ h^su

hksu_p¡ bp¡S> `©Õhu_p âpL©$rsL k„ip^_p¡ `f `X$u füp¡ R>¡. kfL$pfu õsf¡

DS>hpsp L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡dp„ Ap¥`QpfuL$sp Mpsf v$¡MpX$p¡ L$fu_¡ buÅ qv$hk\u

`ep®hfZ bNX$¡ s¡hu bpbsp¡_u kpd¡_u s`pk A_¡ `NgpAp¡_¡ AhNZhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpóV 2$ dlpkcp$ Üpfp B.k. 197fdp„ `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u

DS>hZu_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey A_¡ B.k. 1973_p hj®\u s¡ DS>hhp_u iê$

Aps \B. S>¡ S>¥h rhqh^sp_p k„fnZ_p dlÐh_¡ âp¡Ðkprls L$fhp, `ep®hfZ n¡Ó¡ Dcfsp

`X$L$pfp¡_u ÅZL$pfu d¡mhhp A_¡ s¡_p DL$¡g dpV$¡_p l¡syAp¡ kp\¡ ârshj ® AgN AgN

\ud kp\¡ vy$r_ep_p rhrcß il¡fp¡dp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

hj® f013_p qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk kdpfp¡l_u d¡S>bp_u ey.A¡_.`ep®hfZ L$pe®3⁄4$d

Üpfp dÂe `|h® A¡riep_p v$¡i d„Np¡rgep_¡ ff a¡by°Apfu f013_p fp¡S> kp¢`hpdp„ Aphu

lsu. S>¡ A„sN®s s¡_u fpS>^p_u Dg_ bsp¡f Mps¡ 1 S|>_\u ` S|>_ ky^u âk„N_u

DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. hj® f013_u DS>hZu_u \ud "rhQpfp¡, MpAp¡, bQphp¡

' lsu.

d„Np¡rgep v$¡i

S>mhpey `qfhs®__¡ L$pfZ¡ A_¡L$ `X$L$pfp¡ kpd¡ TTydu fl¡gp d„Np¡rgep v$¡i_u fpS>^p_u Dg_

bsp¡f R>¡. v$¡idp„ MpÛ k„L$V$ rh_piL$ b_u füy R>¡. W„$X$u_¡ LpfZ¡ gp¡L$p¡ `f¡ip_ R>¡. AdyL$ n¡Óp¡dp„

dpB_k-40 k¡qëkek qX$N°u sp`dp_ \B Åe R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Oydsy L$bugp_p gp¡L$p¡ M|b S> `f¡ip_

\B füp R>¡. A_¡ d©Ðey `pdu füp R>¡. kp\¡ S> d„Np¡rgep v$¡i S>m k„L$V$ kpd¡ `Z

V$L$L$f gB füp¡ R>¡. ApV$gp b^p `X$L$pfp¡ R>sp`Z lqfs A\®s„Ó_p¡ fõsp¡

A`_phu_¡ h¥qïhL$ Apr\®L$ d„v$u_u kpd¡ gX$u_¡ v$¡i_p eyhp_p¡dp„ `ep®hfZ âÐe¡

ÅN©rs a¡gphhpdp„ kamsp d¡mhu R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p kpfp `qfZpdp¡ âpá \B füp R>¡.

\ud: "rhQpfp¡, MpAp¡, bQphp¡ '

hj® f013_u qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u \ud Ap`Zu MpÛ i¥gu `ep®hfZ_¡

_yL$ip_ L$f¡ R>¡. S¡ bpbs âÐe¡ ÅN©s L$f¡ R>¡. V$¡L$1_p¡gp ̧Æ_u kyrh^p_p Acph¡ lÅfp¡

V$_ Aß_p¡ bNpX$, cp¡S>_ bpv$ h^¡gp A¢W$hpX$_¡ S>ep„ Ðep„ a¢L$u v$¡hp¡, cp¡S>__u fkp¡B_¡

âp¡k¡õX$ L$fhpdp„, `¡qL„$N L$fhpdp„, l¡fa¡f L$fhpdp„ `Z H^Z_p¡ h`fpi \sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. S>¡ kfhpm¡

`ep®hfZ_¡ AkfL$sp® b_¡ R>¡.

hj® f01f_p qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk DS>hZu_u \ud:

"lqfs A\®ìehõ\p-iy„ Ap` s¡dp kpd¡g R>p¡ ? '

hj® f01f_p qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk_p Ahkf¡ cpfs_p _hu qv$ëludp\u rhop_ A¡L$kâ¡k-S>¥h

rhrh^sp _pd\u A¡L$ rhi¡j f¡gNpX$u_p¡ âpf„c v$¡i_u A_p¡Mu S>¥h rhrh^sp âÐe¡ ÅN©rs `¡v$p L$fhp

dpV$¡ \ep¡ lsp¡.. f¡gNpX$udp„ 16 `¥L$u_p 8 X$bp v$¡i_p rhrcß S>¥h cp¥Np¡rgL$ n¡Óp¡dp„ a¡gpe¡gu S>¥h

rhrh^sp v$ip®hsp lsp. hj® f01f_u DS>hZu_u d¡S>bp_u b°pÆg v$¡i Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

hj® f011_u DS>hZu_u \ud: "h_, âL©$rs Ap`_u k¡hpdp„'

hj® f011_p qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk_u d¡S>bp_u cpfs v$¡i Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

qhïh `ep®hfZ qv$hk-` S|>_

hj® f013_u DS>hZu-\ud

`ep®hfZ qv$hk_u DS>hZuAp¡ L$¡V$gu kp\®L$ \i¡ ?

Page 28 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 22

A¡riepB rhL$pk b¢L$ (A¡.X$u.bu.)

A¡.X$u.bu. B.k.1996dp„ õ\p`hpdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡.

S>¡dp„ fp¡L$pZ Üpfp A¡riep A_¡ âip„s n¡Ó_p 170

L$fp¡X$ Nfub A_¡ h„rQs gp¡L$p¡_p Æh_ õsf_¡ D`f

gphhp dpV$¡_y„ gÿe ^fph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ Ap k„õ\p__p

67 kv$õe v$¡i R>¡. cpfs v$¡i s¡_p 3f k„õ\p`L$

kv$õep¡ `¥L$u A¡L$ R>¡.

Aê$Z S>¡V$gu

f S|>__p fp¡S> _pZp„â^p_ Aê$Z S>¡V$gu_¡ b¢L$_p

k„QpgL$ d„X$mdp„ kpd¡g L$fhp_u Op¡jZp d_ugp

Mps¡_p dy¿epge Üpfp \B R>¡. s¡d_¡ cpfs_p `|h®

_pZp„d„Óu `u.rQv„$dbf_p õ\p_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„

Apìep R>¡.

L$f âipk_ rhjeL$ ip¡d

`¡_g¡ qf`p¡V$® `°õsys L$fu

`p\®kpf\u ip¡d_u AÂensp ^fphsp L$f âipk_

ky^pf Apep¡N¡ `p¡sp_u qf`p¡V®$ _pZp d„Ópge_¡ 1` S|>__p

fp¡S> kp¢`u lsu `¡_g¡ AÞe cgpdZp¡ kp\¡ fpS>õh krQh_p

`v$_¡ Msd L$fhp A_¡ ku.bu.X$u.V$u. A_¡ ku.bu.B.ku._p

qhge_u cgpdZ L$fu lsu.

Mp„X$_u Apeps S>L$ps 14 % \u

h^pfu_¡ 40 % L$fhpdp„ Aphu

L$¡qÞÖe MpÛ d„Óu fpdrhgpk `pkhp_ Üpfp A¡L$

DÃQõsfue b¡W$L$dp„ 13 S|>_¡ Mp„X$_u Apeps S>L$ps

14 % \u h^pfu_¡ 40% L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡.

Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ e|fp¡`ue k„Odp„ Apr\®L$ qõ\rsdp„

d„v$ Nrs_p ky^pfp R>sp`Z cpfs¡ `p¡sp_p `pf„`qfL$

bÅfp¡ ky^u `lp¢Qhp dpV$¡ DÑd âepkp¡ L$fu_¡ s\p

bÅfp¡ A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ Ap^pf_u rhrh^uL$fZ k„b„^u

kfL$pf_u _urs\u gpc d¡mhu_¡ bÅfp¡dp„ `p¡sp_u

`lp¢Q dS>bys b_phu R>¡.

h¥[ðL$ h÷ A_¡ `qf^p_ rhL$pk bpbs¡ "k„eyL$s

fpô2$ L$p ̧dV2$¡X$' Üpfp Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp Ap„L$X$p

âdpZ¡ Qu_ â\d _„bf¡ (11 % h©qÂ^v$f) kp\¡ A_¡

cpfs f3 % h©qÂ^v$f kp\¡ buÅ õ\p_¡ füy R>¡.

cpfs¡ Ap õ\p_ BV$gu, S>d®_u A_¡ bp„Ágpv$¡i_¡

`pR>m R>p¡X$u_¡ lp„kg L$ey® R>¡.

h¥[ðL$ L$`X$p A_¡ `qf^p_ r_L$pkn¡Ódp„ hj®

f013dp„ hj® 2012_p dyL$pbg¡ cpfs_u rlõk¡v$pfu

h^u_¡ 17.` % \B NB R>¡. Ap kde¡ cpfs_u

h¥[ðL$ hõÓ r_L$pk 40.f AbS> Ad¡qfL$u X$p¡gf R>¡.

s¡dS> rhðdp„ f¡X$ud¡BX$ L$`X$pAp¡_p r_L$pk bÅfdp„

cpfs_u rlõk¡v$pfu 3.7 % R>¡.

h¥qðL$ h÷ A_¡ `qf^p_

r_L$pkdp„ cpfs buÅ õ\p_¡

N|Ng¡ Ap¡_gpB_ d¡t`N krh®k dpV$¡ Bd¡S> âpá \B iL$¡ s\p

D`N°lp¡_p¡ BÞV$f_¡V$_p D`ep¡N A_¡ Ap`rÑ fpls_p¡ kde rhõspf L$fhp

dv$v$ê$` \B_¡ D`ep¡N \B iL$¡ s¡ dpV$¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$ ad® õL$pBbp¡L$k Bd¡rS„>N

`00 rdrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gfdp„ 10 S|>__p fp¡S> Mfuv$u R>¡.

B.k.f009dp„ õ\`pe¡gu õL$pBbp¡L$k L„$`_uA¡ qX$k¡çbf- f014dp„ `p¡sp_p¡ â\d lpB qfTp¡ëe|i_ D`N°l õL$pBk¡V$-1

A„sqfndp„ õ\pr`s L$ep£ lsp¡. S>¡ 1 du ârs r`L$kg_p huqX$ep¡

Bd¡S> A_¡ sõhuf D`gå^ L$fphu iL$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> kX$L$ `f

Qpgu fl¡gu L$p¡B L$pf_¡ `Z V2$¡L$ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap D`N°l A¡L$

qv$hkdp„ 16 hpf `©Õhu_p QL$L$f gNph¡ R>¡. õL$pBbp¡L$k lSy>

Ly$g f4 S>¡V$gp D`N°l gp¢Q L$fhp_u s¥epfu L$fu füy R>¡.

N|Ng¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$ ad® õL$pBbp¡L$k Bd¡rS„>N Mfuv$u

õL$pB bp¡L$k rhjeL$ :

A¡qíepB rhL$pk b¢L$_p k„QpgL$

d„X$mdp„ Aê$Z S>¡V$gu kpd¡g

DóZ L$V$ub„^ue Q3⁄4$hps "__p¥L$' 11 S|>_¡ `|h®-L$¡qÞÖe Afb kpNfdp„

Dcy \ey lsy. S>¡ `|h® L$¡ÞÖdp„ `[òd dÂe Afb kpNf kdu` 18.0 Anp„i

DÑfu A_¡ 6`.0 v$¡ip„sf `|h®, `[òd v$rnZ `[òd dy„bB\u 830 qL$gp¡duV$f,

v$rnZ `[òd h¡fphm\u 6`0 qL$gp¡duV$f, dprkfpl V$p`y (Ap¡dp_) `|h®

v$rnZ `|h®\u 700 qL$gp¡duV$f `f L$¡qÞÖs lsy.

A_yk

„

^p_ 24 dp `p_\u.... rhrh^ rhcpN....

Þe|Tug¡ÞX$_p h¡tgNV$_ Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡g X$åëey.A¡. kv$õep¡_u Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N_u

b¡W$L$dp„ \e¡gp lõspnf bpv$ cpfs 13 S|>_¡ hp¡tiNV$_ A¡L$p¡X®$_y„ õ\peu lõspnfL$sp® b_u Ney R>¡.

17 v$¡ip¡_p õ\peu lõspnfL$sp® kd|l_p¡ rlõkp¡ bÞep bpv$ cpfs_p sL$_uL$u A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ef]N

õ_psL$p¡ dpV$¡ h¥[ðL$ õsf¡ fp¡S>Npf_u sL$p¡dp„ h^pfp¡ \i¡.

hp¡tiNV$_ A ̧L$p¡X®$

hp¡tiNV$_ A¡L$p¡X®$A¡ vy$r_ep_p âdyM v$¡ip¡ hÃQ¡_u A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue kdS|>rs R>¡. S>¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue kudpAp¡ `pf A¡qÞS>r_efp¡_u Nrsrigsp A_¡ NyZhÑp_¡ h^pf¡ R>¡. A¡L$p¡X®$_p

QpV®$f_¡ õ_psL$p¡ dpV$¡ Þe|_sd NyZhÑp kyr_[òs L$fhp dpV$¡ D`eyL$s dpÞesp dp`v„$X$ õ\pr`s

L$fhp_u S>ê$f R>¡.

d¡ f014_p S>Õ\pb„^ dp¢Ohpfu v$f qX$k¡çbf f013

bpv$ s¡_p DÃQsd õsf 6.01 % `f `lp¢Qu Nep¡ R>¡. s¡_u

Ap„L$X$pL$ue fS|>Aps hprZS>e/DÛp¡N d„Ópge¡ 16 S|>_¡

L$fu lsu.

S>Õ\pb

„

^ dp

¢

Ohpfu v$f 6.01 % \ep

¡

A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$p Mps¡ Aph¡gp A¡L$ `lpX$_y„ _pdL$fZ Ad¡qfL$p Üpfp 30 S|>_¡ â¿eps cpfsue

Ad¡qfL$u h¥opr_L$ AMp¡futklp_¡ kçdpr_s L$fhp "dpDÞV$ tklp' L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. `h®s_¡

B.k.1971-7fdp„ A¡L$ AÞh¡jL$ ê$`¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp tklp_p L$pep£_¡ dpÞesp Ap`sp _prds

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. s¡dZ¡ AN°Zu S>¥rhL$ qfkQ® Aqcep_ A„sN®s A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$pdp„ Å_hfp¡_u

hksu rhj¡ dlÐh`|Z® X$¡V$p âv$p_ L$ep£ lsp¡. AMp¡fu tklp_p _pd_¡ Ad¡qfL$u c|h¥opr_L$

kh£nZ Üpfp dpÞesp dmu R>¡.

dpDÞV$ tklp d¡L$X$p¡_pëX$ lpBV$1k_p v$rnZ cpNdp„ A¡qV$L$k_ ågL$k_¡ v$rnZ R>¡X$¡ 990

duV$f_p¡ `lpX$ R>¡. s¡ d¡fu åeX®$ c|rddp„ DÑf\u qL$L®$ `¥qV2$L$ Ág¡rief_p¡ _Tpfp¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, AMp¡futklpA¡ B.k.19`4dp„ Agplpbpv$ e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u bu.A¡k.ku.

A_¡ B.k.19`6dp„ `V$Zp e|q_hrk®V$udp„\u S„>sy rhop_dp„ A¡d.A¡k.ku. _u qX$N°u d¡mhu lsu.

_h¡çbf 19`6 \u Sy>gpB 1961 ky^u fp„Qu L$p ̧g¡S>dp„ AÂep`_ L$fpìep bpv$ Ad¡qfL$p Qpëep

Nep lsp A_¡ B.k.197f A_¡ 1974dp„ Ad¡qfL$p Mps¡ ìl¡g A_¡ `rnep¡_u S>_k„¿ep_y„

AÂee_ L$fsp lsp. s¡dS> rd_¡kp¡V$p e|r_hrk®V$u_p k¡g bpep¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ rhL$pkdp„ Æ_¡qV$L$k

rhcpNdp„ klpeL$ âp ̧a¡kf lsp.

cpfsue Ad¡qfL$u h¥opr_L$

AMp¡futklp_p _pd¡ A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$p

Mps¡ A¡L$ `lpX$_y„ _pdL$fZ

cpfs hp

¡tiNV$_ A¡L$p

¡

X®$_y

„

õ\peu lõspnf L$sp® bÞey

ApB.A¡k.Ap¡. NyZhÑp âdpZ_ rb°qV$i dp`v„$X$ k„õ\p_ (bu.A¡k.ApB.) Üpfp 16

S|>__p fp¡S> X$u.A¡g.A¡a. lp¡d X$¡hg`k® rgqdV$¡X$_¡ ApB.A¡k.Ap¡. NyZhÑp âdpZ A¡_pes

\ey R>¡.Ap kp\¡ s¡ Ap âdpZ`Ó d¡mh_pf v$¡i_y„ â\d qfeg A¡õV$¡V$ X$¡hg`f b_u Ney R>¡.

ApB.A¡k.Ap¡. NyZhÑp âdpZ d¡mh_pf â\d qfeg

A¡õV$¡V$ X$¡hg`f sfuL$¡ X$u.A¡g.A¡a. lp¡d X$¡hg`k® rgrdV$¡X$

ApB.ku.A¡.A¡_.A¡_.Üpfp

Æ.A¡g.X$u.V$u. D`gå^ L$fphpB

BÞV$f_¡V$ L$p ̧`p£f¡i_ ap ̧f AkpHX$ _¡çk A¡ÞX$ _„bk® (ApB.ku.A¡.A¡_.A¡_.) Üpfp _hu

Æ.A¡g.V$u.X$u.A¡k._¡ D`gå^ L$fphhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ kpebf õ`¡kdp„ dp¡V$p `pe¡

bv$gph Aphi¡.

BÞV$f_¡V$ rkõV$d hÃQ¡ kdÞhe_y L$pe® L$fsy A¡L$ A¡L$d R>¡. S>¡ Æ.A¡g.V$u.X$u.A¡k. dpV$¡

_urs r_^p®fZ A_¡ âipk_dp„ dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p r_cph¡ R>¡.

A¡L$d_u õ\p`_p B.k.1998dp„ S>p¡_ `p¡õV$g¡ L$fu lsu. s¡_y„ dy¿epge dfu_p X$¡g f¡,

ku.A¡., k„eyL$s fpS>e Ad¡rfL$pdp„ Aph¡gy R>¡. S>¡_p ku.B.Ap¡. a¥v$u Q¡lpv$¡ R>¡.

ApB.ku.A¡.A¡_.A¡_.

A¡L$ A_ydp_ dyS>b vy$r_epcfdp„ k„Oj® v$fqdep_ ârs hj® Apif¡

1`0 rdrge_ eyhsuAp¡ A_¡ drlgpAp¡ `f bmpÐL$pf \sp lp¡e R>¡. S>¡dp„

70 gpM `yê$j A_¡ eyhp_p¡ `Z kpd¡g R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ BfpL$ Mps¡ Qpgu

fl¡gp k„Oj®dp„ `Z drlgpAp¡ `f_p AÐepQpf_u rhNsp¡ kpd¡ Aphu R>¡.

g„X$_ Mps¡ ep¡Åey k„d¡g_

k„Ojp¡® v$frdep_ ep¥_ ql„kp Msd L$fhp dpV$¡ 10 S|>__p fp¡S> A¡L$

h¥[ðL$ k„d¡g_ g„X$__p A¡L$kg Mps¡ ep¡Åey lsy. Qpf qv$hkue

k„d¡g__u iê$Aps lp ̧guhyX$ Aqc_¡Óu A_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_u rhi¡j v|$s A¡ÞS>rg_p Å¡gu A_¡

rb°V$__p rhv$¡id„Óu rhrged l¡N¡ L$fu lsu.

k„d¡g_dp„ 140 v$¡ip¡_p ârsr_r^ d„X$mp¡A¡ cpN qg^p¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ Av$pgs, v$pspAp¡, k¡_p

r_óZp„sp¡ kp\¡ Apif¡ f00 rhv$¡iu, fnp A_¡ qhL$pk d„Óu kpd¡g lsp. k„d¡g_dp„ raëd âv$i®_,

r\A¡V$f A_¡ L$gp fS|> \ep lsp.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ap `l¡gp hj® f01fdp„ ^ l¡N A_¡ Å¡gu k„Oj®dp„ ep¥_ tlkp kdpá L$fhp_u

ârsbÂ^sp kp\¡ ep¥_ tlkp L$¢`¡B_ kpd¡g lsp.

k„d¡g__p¡ l¡sy

k„d¡g__p¡ l¡sy `uqX$sp¡_p Æh__¡ bl¡sf b_phhy A_¡ k„Oj®dp„ ep¥_ tlkp_p A`fp^_p

Nhpl_u Nhplu âpá L$fhp_p kp¥\u kpfp Aæepk_u fQ_p L$fhp _L$L$f L$pe®hplu L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡.

k„d¡g_dp„ fpô2$p¡_¡ Aplhp_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy L$¡ ep¥_ tlkp_u rhê$Â^dp„ s¡d_u k¡_p_p

ârinZdp„ g¡rMs bpbsp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aph¡.

ep¥_ tlkp kdpá L$fhp g„X$_ Mps¡ h¥[ðL$ k„d¡g_ ep¡Åey

DóZL$V$ub„^ue Q3⁄4$hps "__p¥L$'

28

Page 29 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 23

g¡ML$: `°¡d Qp¥lpZ, S>e Qp¥lpZ

äp„k_u fpS>^p_u `¡qfk_p "õV¡V$ fp¡g„¡X$ Nfp®k' Mps¡ f` d¡\u 8 S|>_ v$frdep_ Apep¡rS>s

\e¡g ä¢Q Ap¡`_-f014 V$¡r_k V|$_p®d¡ÞV$ k„`Þ_ \B S>¡_y„ `qfZpd _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡ R>¡.

ä¡ÞQ Ap¡`_-f014 V$¡r_k

V|$_p®d¡ÞV$ `¡qfk Mps¡ k„`Þ_

`yê$j tkNg :

rhS>¡sp - fpa¡g _pv$pg (õ`¡_)

D$` rhS>¡sp - _p¡hpL$ Å¡L$p¡rhQ (krb®ep)

dqlgp tkNg

rhS>¡sp - dpqfep ipfp`p¡hp (friep)

D` rhS>¡sp - rkTp¡_p lpg¡` (fp¡dpr_ep)

`yê$j eyNg

rhS>¡sp - Sy>g¡_ b¡_s¡D+A¡X$hX®$ fp¡S>f h¡õgu_ (äp„k)

D` rhS>¡sp - dL$£g N°p_pgf + dpL®$ gp¡`¡S> (õ`¡_)

drlgp eyNg

rhS>¡sp -ky -hu lkul (spBhp_+kyB `¢N (Qu_)

D` rhS>¡sp - kfp Bfp_u (BV$gu) + fp¡bV®$ thL$u (BV$gu)

ä¡ÞQ Ap¡`_ rhjeL$ :

ä¡ÞQ Ap¡`_ V$¡r_k N°p„X$ õg¡d_u iê$Aps B.k.1891dp„ \B lsu. Ap ârsep¡qNsp dy¿e

rMspbu ârsep¡Nusp R>¡. S>¡ ârshj® d¡ A_¡ S|>_ dpk v$fqdep_ `¡qfk (äp„k)_p "õV$¡X$ fp¡gp„X$

Nfp®k' V$¡r_k L$p¡V®$dp„ fdhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

rdL$k (k„eyL$s) eyNg

rhS>¡sp - A¡_pg¡_p N°p¡B_raëX$ (S>d®_u) + S>¡_ Sy>rge_ fp¡S>f (_¡^fg¡ÞX$)

D` rhS>¡sp : S|rgep NpNp£k (S>d®_u) + _¡_p„v$ qS>dprS„>L$ (krb®ep)

cpfsue k¡_pdp„ S|>r_ef L$rdi_ Ar^L$pfu A_¡ k¡_p_p r_ip_¡bpS> e|r_V$dp„ ârirns

\e¡gp s\p hs®dp_dp„ rhð r_ip_¡bpÆ f¡qL„$Ndp„ f6dp„ õ\p_¡ fl¡gp M¡gpX$u Æs| fpe

ApB.A¡k.A¡k.A¡a. i|qV„$N rhðL$`dp„ ÓZ `v$L$ Æs_pf â\d cpfsue r_ip_¡bpS> b_u

Nep R>¡. Ap ârsep¡rNsp õgp¡h¡r_ep_p dpfubp¡f Mps¡ ep¡ÅB lsu.

1 Sy>gpB 2014_p fp¡S> Åfu `yê$j A¡f r`õsp¡gdp„ 10 duV$fdp„ Æsy fpe rhð f¢qL„$Ndp„

â\d õ\p_¡ Apìep R>¡. Ap kp\¡ qhð f¢qL„$Ndp„ õ\p_ d¡mh_pf s¡Ap¡ kpsdp cpfsue M¡gpX$u

b_u Nep R>¡. Ap `l¡gp A„S>rg cpNhs, fpÄeh^®_tkl fpX$p¡W$, NN_ _pf„N, dp_hÆsqk„l

k„^|, f„S>_ kp¡$Yu A_¡ rl_p rkÝ^y â\d õ\p_¡ flu QyL$ep R>¡.

ApB.A¡k.A¡k.A¡a. i|qV„$N rhð L$`dp„

ÓZ `v$L$ rhS>¡sp b__pf Æs| fpe â\d

cpfsue r_ip_¡bpS>

ApB.ku.ku. V$¡õV$ d¡k (Nv$p) A¡L$ ârs[›$s q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V2$p¡au R>¡. S>¡ V$¡õV$

q3⁄4$L$¡V$dp„ _„.1 f¡qL„$N ^fphsu V$ud_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ `qfjv$ Üpfp âv$p_

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p b„_¡ âpê$`_p L$áp_ A_¡ b¡V$kd¡_ dpBL$g

L$gpL®$_¡ ` S|>__p fp¡S> vy$r_ep_u _„bf h_ V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$áp_ `v$

bv$g qfgp„ek Ap„sffpô2$ue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ `qfjv$ Üpfp Ap„sffpô2$ue V$¡õV$ d¡Q

(Nv$p) âv$p_ \B lsu.

ApB.ku.ku._u V$¡õV$ d¡k (Nv$p) dpBL$g L$gpL®$_¡ âv$p_ \B

ApB.A¡k.A¡k.A¡a

rhðL$`-f014

B.k.1986dp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue iyqV„$N M¡g

dlpk„O Üpfp Apep¡rS>s ApB.A¡k.A¡k.A¡a.

rhðL$`_p¡ âpf„c \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡_„y Apep¡S>_

ârshj® \pe R>¡.

S>d®_u_p çeyr_M Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s Ap õ`^p®dp„

11 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> cpfsue r_ip_¡bpS> Æsy

fpe¡ `yê$j A¡f r`õsp¡g hN®_u 10 duV$f õ`^p®dp„

199.4 A„L$ kp\¡ fS>s `v$L$ âpá L$ep£ lsp¡.

cpfs_p 4 r_ip_¡bpS> âL$pi _p_S>à`pA¡ Ap

hN®dp„ 97.1 A„L$ kp\¡ kpsdy õ\p_ âpá L$ey® lsy.

¶ õ`¡__p `pågp¡ af¡fp f01.03 A„L$ kp\¡

kyhZ® `v$L$ rhS>¡sp \ep.

¶ ey3⁄4$¡__p `phgp¡ L$p¡fp¡õV$pegp ̧h 178.4 A„L$

kp\¡ L$p„õe `v$L$ rhS>¡sp bÞep lsp.

ApB.`u.A¡g. f013_u kË$pbpÆ A_¡ õ`p¡V$ raqL$k„N bpbsp¡_u s`pk L$fu fl¡gu k¡hp r_h©s Þeped|rs® dyLy$g

dyv$Ng_u AÂensp ^fphsu krdrsdp„ `|h® cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$áp_ kp¥fh Np„Nygu_p¡ 8 S|>__p fp¡S> kdph¡i L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡.

ApB.`u.A¡

g. õ`p

̧

V$ raqL$k

„

N dpV$¡

_u dyvNg krdrsdp

„

kp

¥fh Np

„

Nygu_p

¡ kdph

¡i

ApB.ku.ku. h_ X$¡ f¢qL„$N f1

S|>_¡ Åfu \e¡gu k|Qudp„ h_ X$¡

b¡V$kd¡_ sfuL$¡ â\d õ\p_¡ A¡hu

qX$rhqgek® (v$.ApräL$p) bp¡gf

kBv$ AS>dg (`pqL$õsp_), h_

X$¡ V$ud sfuL$¡ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep â\d

_„bf¡ füp lsp.

õL$p¡V$g¡ÞX$_p ÁgpkNp¡ Mps¡ f3 Sy>gpB\u 8 Ap¡Nô$ f014 v$frdep_ Apep¡Æs \_pf f0dp„

fpô2$d„X$g M¡g v$frdep_ âv$i®_ L$fhp dpV$¡ õL$p ̧qV$i L$gp `rfjv Üpfp fpS>õ\p__p S>e`yf_p

L$php k„Nus kd|l_¡ Apd„qÓs L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡ dykpauf Æàku Ap ̧a fpS>õ\p_

ÁgpkNp¡ Mps¡ rhrcÞ_ õ\mp¡A¡ âv$i®_ L$fi¡.

- M¡g v$frdep_ cpfsue M¡gpX$uAp¡_¡ âp¡Ðkplus L$fhp v$¡i cqL$s Nusp¡_y„ âv$i®_ L$fi¡.

- cpfsue L$gp A_¡ k„õL©$qs s\p v$¡i_u rhfpks A_¡ k„Nus_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`i¡.

- dykpauf_p L$gpL$pf fpS>õ\p__p rS>àku gp¡L$ k„Nus, chpB, L$gb¡rgep _©Ðe_y„ âv$i®_ L$fi¡.

- L$php çe|qTL$g kL®$k kX$L$ A_¡ Qp¡L$dp„ âv$i®_ L$fi¡.

S>e`yf_y„ L$php k„Nus kd|l f0dp„ fpô2$

d„X$g M¡g-f014dp„ âõsyrs Ap`i¡

ApB.ku.ku.

h_ X$¡ f„¡qL„$N Åfu

COMPETITIVE INDIA d¡N¡Tu_ `qfhpf_p

A_¡ d¡N¡Tu__p â\d A„L$\u S> M¡g S>Ns_u L$p¡gd gMsp

A_¡ _p_u he\u S> g¡M_ ip¡M ^fphsp â¡d Qp¥lpZ ^p¡>fZ

10_u bp¡X®$_u `funpdp„ 94.36 % S>¡V$gp `k£ÞV$pBg kp\¡

DÑuZ® lpqv®$L$ Arc_„v$_ A_¡ ApNm S>sp M|b S> âNrs L$fp¡

s¡hu iyc¡ÃR>pAp¡.

à 3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_u spfuMp¡_u Op¡jZp f6 S|>_¡ rsê$h„_sd`yfd_p L$¡fm rh^p_kcp `qfkf

Mps¡ cpfsue Ap¡g„qç`L$ k„O Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡ _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep dyS>b R>¡.

à 3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ 31 ÅÞeyApfu \u 14 a¡b°yApfu f01` v$frdep_ L$¡fm_p kps

rS>ëgp_p 3f S>¡V$gp õ\p_p¡ `f \ey R>¡.

à Ap fpô2$ue M¡gdp„ 36 S>¡V$gu fdsp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡dp„ Ly$g 11,641 ârsõ`^}

rlõkp¡ g¡i¡. S>¡dp„\u 7744 A¡\qgV$ li¡. v$f¡L$ âqsõ`^} Ly$g 36` kyhZ® `v$L$ A_¡ fS>s

`v$L$ kp\¡ 477 L$p„õe `v$L$ dpV$¡ dyL$pbgp¡ L$fi¡.

à L$¡fm fpS>e_¡ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_u d¡S>bp_u buÆhpf âpá \B R>¡. ANpD B.k.1987dp„ L$¡fm

Mps¡ fpô2$ue M¡g ep¡Åep lsp.

3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡g_u spfuMp¡ Ål¡f \B

29

a¡L$V$1k :

à 33dp¡ fpô2$ue M¡g (f007), Np¥lpsu (Akd) s\p 34dp¡ fpô2$ue M¡g (f011) fp„Qu

(TpfM„X$) Mps¡ ep¡Åep¡ lsp¡.

à â\d fpô2$ue M¡g B.k.19f4dp„ cpfsue Ap¡g„qç`L$ M¡g _pd\u gplp¡f Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. B.k.1940dp„ cpfsue Ap¡g„qç`L$ M¡g fpô2$ue M¡gdp„ sbv$ug \B Nep¡

lsp¡ A_¡ õhs„Ósp bpv$ â\d fpô2$ue M¡g_y„ Apep¡S>_ B.k.1948dp„ gM_D Mps¡ \ey lsy.

fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_p kv$1cph_p v|$s s\p AÞe lp¡v«¡v$pf

3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_p kv$1cph_p fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f R>¡. S>epf¡ cpfsue Ap¡g„qç`L$

k„O_p AÂen A¡_.fpdQ„Ö_ A_¡ dlpkrQh fpÆh dl¡sp R>¡.

iyc„L$f :

3`dp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue M¡g_p iyc„L$f_y„ A_phfZ 11 qX$k¡çbf

f009_p fp¡S> L$fu v$¡hpey lsy. Ap iyc„L$f "Açd|, N°¡V$ BqÞX$e_

lp¡_®rbg' R>¡.

3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡g_p¡ gp¡Np¡ "L$r_L$p¡__ (cpfsue

Adgspk) `¡V$_®dp„ qX$TpB_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡

_¡qË$`Ë$d (lp\uAp¡_p sl¡hpfu dpõL$) S>¡hp¡ R>¡.

fpô2$ue M¡g_p¡ gp¡Np¡ :

Page 30 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 23

A¡.bu. qX$rhqgek®_¡ hj® f014_p v$rnZ ApräL$p_p hprj®L$

`yfõL$pfdp„ kh®î¡›$ V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f krls Qpf `yfõL$pfp¡ dpV$¡ _prds

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g S>¡_u Op¡jZp v$rnZ ApräL$p_p Å¡lpr_kbN® Mps¡ 4

S|>__p fp¡S> \B lsu.

A¡.bu. qX$rhgek®_¡ kp\u M¡gpX$uAp¡_p dsv$p__p Ap^pf¡

"àg¡ek® Ap ̧a ^ ef' A_¡ kpdpÞe S>_sp_p dsp¡_p Ap^pf¡ "ä¢k

q3⁄4$L$¡V$f Ap ̧^ ^ ef' sfuL$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

kh®î¡›$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f `yfõL$pf : A¡.bu. qX$rhgek®

kh®î¡›$ V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f : A¡.bu.qX$rhgek®

àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef : A¡.bu.qX$rhgek®

ä¦k q3⁄4$L$¡V$f Ap ̧a ^ ef : A¡.bu.qX$rhgek®

kh®î¡›$ h_ X$¡ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f : qL„$V$p¡_ qX$L$pL$

kh®î¡›$ V$u-f0 q3⁄4$L$¡V$f : Bdfp_ sprlf

L$¡.A¡a.ku. "kp¡ NyX$' `yfõL$pf : S>¥L$k L$prgk

kh®î¡›$ bp¡gf : X$¡g õV$¡_

kh®î¡›$ drlgp q3⁄4$L$¡V$f : dqfÅ_ L$¥`

A¡.bu. qX$rhgek£ hj® f014_p q3⁄4$L$¡V$

v$rnZ ApräL$p_p hprj®L$ `yfõL$pfp¡ `¥L$u

Qpf `yfõL$pf âpá L$ep®

hj® f014_p `yfõL$pfp¡_u k|Qu ::

Ü drlgpAp¡_u A¡a.ApB.A¡Q. lp ̧L$u rhðL$`-f014, lp ̧L$u rhðL$`_y„ 13dy„ k„õL$fZ R>¡.

Ü Ap ârsep¡rNsp 31 d¡ \u 14 S|>_ hÃQ¡ _¡^fg¡ÞX$_p ^ l¡N Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \B lsu.

Ü _¡^fg¡ÞX$ Üpfp khp®r^L$ ÓZhpf lp ̧L$u rhðL$`_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey R>¡. Ap `l¡gp hj® 1973,

1998dp„ Alu Apep¡S>_ \ey lsy.

Ü _¡^fg¡ÞX$_p M¡gpX$u Ag¡_ l|N, "àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ V|$_p®d¡ÞV$' S>epf¡ ApS>£qÞV$_p_p lp ̧L$u

M¡gpX$u agp¡f¡r_L$p lprga_¡ "eyhp àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ V|$_p®d¡ÞV$' dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Ü "Np¡g qL$`f Ap ̧a ^ V|$_p®d¡ÞV$' _p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ _¡^fg¡ÞX$_p dps®S>¡ `p¥d¡__¡ S>epf¡ V$|_p®d¡ÞV$dp„

khp®r^L$ Np¡g L$fhp_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ _¡^fg¡ÞX$_p qL$d g¥çdk®_¡ âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

drlgp lp¡L$u rhðL$`-

f014dp„ _¡^fg¡ÞX$ rhS>eu

_¡^fg¡ÞX$_p ^ l¡N _p L$ep¡k¡fp õV$¡qX$ed Mps¡ drlgpAp¡_u A¡a.ApB.A¡Q.lp ̧L$u rhð

L$`-f014_u apB_g d¡Q 14 S|>__p fp¡S> _¡^fg¡ÞX$ A_¡ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep hÃQ¡ ep¡ÅB lsu. S>¡dp„

_¡^fg¡ÞX$¡ f-0 \u rhS>e âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap kp\¡ _¡^fg¡ÞX$ Ap âqsep¡rNspdp„ Ly$g kpsdu

hpf$ rhð Q¡rç`e_ b_u Ney R>¡. Ap `l¡gp _¡^fg¡ÞX$ Ap âqsep¡rNspdp„ hj® 1974, 1978,

1983, 1986, 1990, f006dp„ rhS>¡sp \ey lsy.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f010_p dqlgp lp¡L$u rhðL$`dp„ _¡^fg¡ÞX$_p¡ ApS>£ÞV$u_p kpd¡

`fpS>e \ep¡ lsp¡. hs®dp_ ârsep¡rNspdp„ ApS>¡®qÞV$_pA¡ Ad¡qfL$p_¡ lfphu_¡ ÓuÅ õ\p_

dpV$¡_p àg¡ Ap ̧a d¡Qdp„ L$p„õe `v$L$ d¡mìep¡ lsp¡.

ârsep¡rNsp k„b„r^s :

Qu_, spB`¡ Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s 16du A¡riepB S|r_ef A¡\g¡qV$L$k Q¡qç`e_iu`dp„ 1f

S|>__p fp¡S> cpfs¡ `p„Qd„y õ\p_ lp„kg L$fu_¡ Ly$g 1f `v$L$ âpá L$ep® lsp.

`v$L$ âpáL$sp® v$¡i

(1) Qu_(24)-1f kyhZ® Q„ÖL$, 10 fS>s `v$L$, f L$p„õe `v$L$

(f) Å`p_ (f1) 11 kyhZ®`v$L$, ` fS>s `v$L$, ` L$p„õe `v$L$

(3) L$sf (10) - 6 kyhZ® `v$L$, f fS>s `v$L$, f L$p„õe `v$L$

(4) spBe¡ (1`) 4 kyhZ® `v$L$, 3 fS>s `v$L$, 8 L$p„õe `v$L$

cpfs¡ Æs¡gp Q„ÖL$p¡ :

(1) v$e|su Qp„v$ (kyhZ®) f00 duV$f drlgp

(f) îZh Mfb (fS>s) 10 duV$f `yê$j

(3) õhà_ bd®_ (fS>s) l¡àV$p\gp_ drlgpAp¡

(4) d¡O_p i¡Ë$u (fS>s) : 100 duV$f rhÂ_ v$p¡X$

(`) _h_us L$p¥f qOëgp¡ (fS>s) qX$õL$k drlgp a¢L$p¡)

(6) k„Æh_u Åv$h (L$p„õe) 3000 duVf drlgp

(7) îhZ Mfb (L$p„õe) `000 duV$f `yê$j

(8) _h_us L$p¥f qOëgp¡ (L$p„õe) - Np¡mpa¢L$ drlgp

(9) iqL$s kp¡g„L$u (L$p„õe) - Np¡mp a¢L$ `yê$j

(10) S>¡ku eyk|a(fS>s), kQ®_p Åv$h (L$p„õe) 800 duV$f drlgp

(11) (1) Æop hu.hu.(f) S>¡.ku.e|kya -qfg¡ drlgp

(3) rhS>epLy$dpf (4) v$e|su Qp„v$ (kyhZ®)

cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ L„$V2$p¡g bp¡X®$ Üpfp 11 S|>__p fp¡S> _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ ApNpdu

Sy>gpB/Ap¡Nô$ dpk v$fqçep_ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep âhpk¡ S>_pf cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud

(A¡) Op¡jZp L$fu lsu. S>¡dp„ cpfs(A¡)_u V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ dpV$¡_p L$áp_ `v$¡ d_p¡S>

rshpfu A_¡ cpfs-A¡- h_ X$¡ V$ud dpV$¡_p L$áp_ `v$¡ fp¡rb_ D\à`p_u

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep âhpk dpV$¡ cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_u Op¡jZp

16du A¡riepB S|>r_ef

A¡\g¡qV$L$k Q¡qç`e_ri`dp„

cpfs `p„Qdp„ õ\p_¡

`pR>gp L$¡V$gp drl_pAp¡\u Ap`Zp M¡g S>Ns_p L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® rhcpNdp„ QQp®B fl¡gp¡

raap hëX®$L$`-f014 ApMf¡ b°pÆg Mps¡ d¡S>bp_ b°pÆg A_¡ 3⁄4$p¡A¡qiep_u âpf„rcL$ d¡Q

kp\¡ iê$ \B Nep¡ R>¡. A¡ `l¡gp ayV$bp¡g_y„ L$pr_®hg Nguep¡dp„\u `kpf \sy kpAp¡ `pDgp¡_p

L$p¡qf„\ek A¡qf_p Mps¡ `lp¢Ãey lsy. ayV$bp¡g_p Ap dlpS>í_dp„ kpd¡g \hp rhðcf_p

gpMp¡ gp¡L$p¡ b°pÆg `lp¢Qu Nep R>¡.

hëX®$L$`dp„ cpN g¡hp dpV$¡ Ap hMs¡ vy$r_epcf_p f04 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_u V$udp¡A¡ âeÐ_p¡

L$ep® lsp. `f„sy dpÓ 3f v$¡i_u V$ud `k„v$ \B lsu. S>¡_¡ 8 N©`dp„ hl¢Qu _pMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

v$f¡L$ N©`dp„ v$f¡L$ V$ud 3-3 d¡Q fdi¡. `p¡sp_p N©`dp„ V$p¡Q_p b¡ õ\p_¡ fl¡_pf V$ud _p¡L$

ApDV$ fpDÞX$ dpV$¡ L$hp ̧guapBX$ \i¡. V|$_p®d¡ÞV$_p dyL$pbgp b°pÆg_p 1f il¡fp¡dp„ M¡ghpdp„

Aphi¡.

(V|$_p®d¡ÞV$_p `qfZpd kp\¡ rhi¡j rhNs Aphsp A„L$¡)

Fifa World Cup-2014 -1 V2$p¡au,

32 v$¡i, 42 qv$hk A_¡ qv$g^X$L$ 64 d¡Q

auap rhðL$` f014_p D`gÿedp„ 1f S|>__p fp¡S> hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡

õçppfL$ `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$ Åfu L$fu lsu. hX$pâ^p_¡ f017dp„ A„X$f-17 auap

rhðL$`_u d¡S>bp_u cpfs_p Ah¡S>dp„ cpfsue ayV$bp¡gdp„ Brslpk `f A¡L$

h¡bkpBV$ rhL$rks L$fhp `p¡õV$ rhcpN_¡ ApN°l L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡dS> L$p¡d¡ÞV2$u

Ap`hp_u L$gp_¡ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ krls rhi¡jê$`¡ AÞe M¡gp¡dp„ `Z rhL$rks L$fhp

S>Zphpey lsy.

auap rhð L$` f014 dpV$¡

õdpfL$ `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$ Åfu \B

îug„L$p_p b¡V$kd¡_ Ly$dpf k„NpL$pfp q3⁄4$L$¡V$ Brslpkdp„ kss kps V$¡õV$ Bt_Ákdp„ A^®isL$ b_ph_pf rhð_p Qp¡\p

M¡gpX$u b_u Nep R>¡. Ap f¡L$p¡X®$ s¡dZ¡ HÁg¡ÞX$ kpd¡ l¡rX „Ág¡ Mps¡ fdpB fl¡gu buÆ V$¡õV$ d¡Qdp„ ff S>|_¡ _p¢^pìep¡ lsp¡.

Ly$dpf k„NpL$pfp `l¡gp Ap âL$pf_p f¡L$p¡X®$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f A¡hV®$_ rhL$k (h¡õV$ BqÞX$T), iuh _pfpeZ Q„Ö`p¡g (h¡õV$ BqÞX$T)

A_¡ A¢X$u agphf (Tuçbpåh¡)A¡ _p¢^ph¡gp¡ R>¡.

ff S|>_¡ Ap ̧qõV2$ep_p õgu`bN® Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s

Ap ̧qõV2$ep N°p„ r` f014dp„ drk®X$uT_p X2$pBhf r_L$p¡

fp¡kbN® f¡kdp„ rhS>¡sp bÞep lsp.

r_L$p¡ fp¡kbN® "Ap ̧qõV2$ep N°p„. râ.-f014' rhS>¡sp

vgNpspf kps V$¡õV$ Bt_Ákdp

„

A^®isL$ b_ph_pf Qp

¡\p b

¡V$1

kd

¡

_ sfuL$¡ Ly$dpf k

„

NpL$pfp

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep âhpk dpV$¡

cpfsue drlgp kur_ef lp ̧L$u

V$ud_p L$áp_ `v$¡ qfsy kp_u

dg¡riep_p Ly$Apgp„`yf Mps¡ âhpk dpV$¡ cpfsue

drlgp kur_ef lp ̧L$u V$ud_p L$áp_ `v$¡ qfsy kp_u_u

r_dZ|„L$ \B R>¡. Ap âhpk ApNpdu fpô2$d„X$g M¡g A_¡

A¡rie_ M¡gp¡_u s¥epfu dpV$¡ ep¡Åep¡ R>¡.

V$ud k|Qu

L$áp_ : fusy fp_u

D` L$áp_ : vuq$`L$p

Np¡g qL$`f : ep¡rNsp bpgu, krhsp

qX$a¡ÞX$ÞV$ : vuq$`L$p, qL$f_ v$u` L$p¥f, kyr_sp, gL$X$p,

_rdsp V$p¡`p¡, Skâus L$p¥f, NyfÆs L$p¥f, A„kysp gL$X$p,

qv$` N°¡k A¡L$L$$p.

rdX$ raëX$f : qfsy fp_u, kyiugp Qp_|, rgrgdp

tdS>,h„v$_p L$V$pqfep, Ad_qv$` L$p¥f, _hÅ¡s L$p¥f

ap¡fhX®$ : fp_u, `|_d fp_u, qfsyjp Apep®, A_y` bfgp,

A_yfp^p v$¡hu.

cpfsue M¡gpX$u `„L$S> AX$hpZu f9 S|>_¡ `p¡sp_u â\d

ApB.bu.A¡k.A¡a. 6-f¡X$ hëX®$ õ_|L$f rMspbdp„ rd÷_p

id®Ag i¡M Mps¡ apB_g `p¡g¡ÞX$_p L$¡k`f ragr`L_¡ lfphu_¡

rhS>¡sp \ep R>¡.

dyfgu L$prs®L$_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$_¡ Agrhv$p

cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p qõ`_ bp¡gf dyfgu L$prs®L¡$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$_p

v$f¡L$ âpê$`dp„\u r_h©rÑ g¡hp_u Op¡jZp 14 S|>_¡ L$fu lsu.

ApB.bu.A¡k.A¡a. -6 f¡X$ hëX®$

õ_|L$fdp„ `„L$S> AX$hpZu rhS>¡sp

bp„Ágpv$¡i_p `|h® L$áp_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f dp¡lçdv$ AifLy$g `f

18 S|>_¡ bp„Ágpv$¡i q3⁄4$L$¡V$ bp¡X®$ Üpfp fQpe¡gu `¡_g¡ d¡Q

raL$tkN_p Apfp¡` bv$g ApW$ hj®_p¡ ârsb„^ gNpìep¡ R>¡.

bp„Ágpv$¡i_p `|h® L$áp_ dp¡lçdv$

Aifayg `f ApW$ hj®_p¡ ârsb„^

30

Page 31 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 24

qb°V$__p dlpfpZuA¡ _hp rh^¡eL$ L$p_|_ "qfL$p ̧g Ap ̧a d¡çbf Ap ̧a `pgp®d¡ÞV$' (A¡d.`u.) rbg_¡ gpN| L$fhp_u

Op¡jZp ` S|>_¡ L$fu lsu. dlpfpZu Üpfp Op¡rjs Ap rbg L$p¡B A¡d.`u._p Mfpb hs®__u `qfqõ\rsdp„ afuhpf `¡V$p

Q|„V$Zu L$fphhp_u A_yrds âv$p_ L$fi¡. Ap rbg gpN| L$fhp_p¡ l¡sy dsv$pspAp¡ Üpfp D`Q|„V$Zu L$fphhp_u dp„N Üpfp

kp„kv$p¡_p r_epdL$ r_funL$ A„sf v|$f L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

- qfL$p ̧g rbg iê$ \hp_p ApW$ kápl_u A„v$f Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p 10 % fÆõV$X$® dsv$pspAp¡_p lõspnf_u S>ê$f `X$i¡.

- qfL$p ̧g L$fhp_u Ap _hu iqL$s dpÓ Ðepf¡ S> D`ep¡Ndp„ gB iL$pi¡ S>epf¡ A¡d.`u._¡ S>¡g kÅ \B li¡ L$¡ lpDk Ap ̧a

L$p ̧dÞk A¡ hps `f kldsu v$ip®h¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ Mp¡V$p L$pep£dp„ âh©Ñ lsp.

cpfsdp„ Q|„V$pe¡gp Dd¡v$hpfp¡dp„ A_¥rsL$sp A_¡ bu_ S>hpbv$pf`Zp_p ìehlpfdp„ kss h^pfp¡ \B füp¡ R>¡, dpV$¡

Al] fpBV$ V|$ qfL$p ̧g L$¡ Q|„V$pe¡gp ârsr_r^Ap¡_¡ _ Q|„V$hp_p¡ Ar^L$pf (fpBV$ V|$ X$u-Bg¡L$V$)_u dp„N ìep`L$ b_u R>¡.

fpBV$ V|$ qfL$p ̧g A¡L$ gp¡L$sp„qÓL$ lr\epf R>¡. S>¡ fpS>_ursL$ âZpgudp„ S>hpbv$pfu _L$L$u L$f¡ R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡ s¡dp dsv$pf

Mfpb âv$i®_ L$f_pf L$¡ `p¡sp_u Ap¡auk_p¡ D`ep¡N A„Ns õhp\® dpV$¡ L$f_pf rh^peL$p¡ `f r_e„ÓZ fpM¡ R>¡.

ApS>_u spfuM¡ cpfs `pk¡ dÂeâv$¡i L$¡ R>ÑukNY$ fpS>e rkhpe qfL$p ̧g_u Å¡NhpB _\u. Al]_u S>_sp_¡

õ\p_ue A¡L$dp¡_p `p¡sp_p Qy„V$pe¡gp ârsr_r^Ap¡_¡ `fs bp¡gphhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf dm¡gp¡ R>¡. B.k.f008dp„ R>ÑukNY$dp„

õ\p_ue A¡L$dp¡dp„ kamsp`|h®L$ qfL$p ̧g Q|„V$ZuAp¡ L$fphhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

rb°V$_dp„ "qfL$p ̧g Ap ̧a d¡çbf Ap ̧a

`pgp®d¡ÞV$' rbg gpN| L$fhp_u Ål¡fps

qfL$p ̧g Ap ̧a A¡d.`u. rbg :

cpfs v$¡idp„ `qfqõ\rs :

dfZ `\pfuA¡ d©Ðey_u fpldp„ `uX$psp fp¡Nu_¡ X$p ̧L$V$f_u dv$v$\u `p¡sp_¡ d©Ðey `pdhp_u d„S|>fu Ap`sp "fpBV$-V|$-

X$pB' L$p_|__¡ ` S|>__p fp¡S> L$¡_¡X$p_p L$e|b¡L$ âp„s¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u R>¡. Ap kp\¡ Aphp¡ L$p_|_ A`_ph_pf L$e|b¡L$ L$¡_¡X$p_p¡

â\d âp„s b_u Nep¡ R>¡.

Ap L$p_|_ _¡i_g A¡k¡çbgud„p 94-ff_p A¥rslprkL$ dsv$p_ bpv$ A`_phpep¡ lsp¡. s\pL$r\s Nqfdp`|Z® d©Ðey

kp\¡ rbg `f L$p_|__¡ L$pev$¡kf L$fhp kp\¡ L$e|b¡L$ â\d âp„s bÞep¡ R>¡.

L$¡_¡X$p_p¡ k„^ue q3⁄4$du_g L$p¡X$ klpesp âpá ApÐdlÐep L$¡ BÃR>p d©Ðey_u d„S|>fu Ap`sp¡ _\u. dpV$¡ "fpBV$-Vy$-X$pB'

_u L$p_|_u L$pev$¡kfsp_¡ `X$L$pf Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. S>epf¡ L$e|b¡L$ Üpfp S>Zphpey L$¡, Ap A¡L$ Apfp¡Áe_¡ gNsp¡ dyv«p¡ R>¡, S>¡

A`fpr^L$ L©$Ðe _\u. dpV$¡ s¡ k„^ue Þepe_p v$pefp_¡ bv$g¡ âp„s_p Þepen¡Ódp„ kdprh›$ R>¡. L$e|b¡L$ âdyM rarg`

L$p¥rgepX$® Üpfp v$gug \B lsu, L$¡ Ap bpbs Æh__u v$¡Mcpm_p¡ A„s R>¡, _l] L$¡ BÃR>p d©Ðey.

kdõs bpbs S>p¡sp A¡hy S>Zpe füy R>¡ L$¡, BÃR>p d©Ðey L$¡ klpesp âpá d©Ðey (ApÐdlÐep)_p L$p_|__¡ L$pev$¡kf

L$f_pf L$p_|_ Ap¡V$phpdp„ ÞepreL$ âq3⁄4$ep_y„ `qfZpd R>¡.

B.k.f004dp„ rkA¡d fu` âp„s_p L$p¡l L$¡f d„qv$fdp„\u Qp¡fpe¡gu ÓZ

`°pQu_ rlÞvy$ d„qv$f d|rs®Ap¡ 3 S>|__p fp¡S> Ad¡qfL$p Üpfp `fs L$fhpdp„ Aphu

lsu. s¡ vy$ep£^_, bgfpd A_¡ cud_u d|rs®Ap¡ lsu.

1`8 k¡.du._u vy$ep£^__u d|rs® hj® 197fdp„ Qp¡fu \B lsu. A_¡ hj®

197`dp„ g„X$_ Mps¡ lfpÆdp„ h¡Qhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡_¡ k|v$bu Þe|ep¡L®$dp„

afuhpf lfpÆ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu `f„sy L„$bp¡qX$e_ Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u Ar`g bpv$

s¡_y„ h¡QpZ AV$L$phhpdp„ Apìey lsy. d|rs®_¡ A¡L$ gp„bu L$p_|_u gX$pB bpv$

L„$bp¡qX$ep_¡ `fs L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. buÆ ârsdp bgfpd_u lsu S>¡ L„$bp¡qX$ep

kfL$pf A_¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ qL$õV2$u lfpÆ lpDk hÃQ¡ A¡L$ kdS|>su A„sN®s `fs

Aphu lsu. ÓuÆ ârsdp cud_u lsu. S>¡_¡ Bk.k.1976dp„ L$¡rgap¡r_®epdp„

_p¡V®$_ fpdp¥_ k„N°lpge¡ Ap d|rs®_¡ Mfuv$u lsu.

drl_pAp¡_p rhQpf rhdi® bpv$ k„N°lpge Ap d|rs® L„$bp¡X$uep_¡ A¡L$ D`lpf

õhê$`¡ `fs L$fhp s¥epfu v$ip®hu lsu.

ÓZ âpQu_ tlvy$ d„qv$f_u d|rs®Ap¡

L„$bp¡qX$ep_¡ `fs L$fhpdp„ Aphu

Ad¡qfL$u fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdpA¡ f S|>__p fp¡S> hj® f030 ky^u

dp¡Sy>v$ rhS>mu àgp„V$p¡dp„\u \sp L$pb®_ âvy$jZdp„ 30 % L$p` gphhp _hp

r_edp¡_u Op¡jZp L$fu R>¡. S>¡dp„ hj® f00`_p õsf\u L$pb®_

X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_p DÐkS®>_dp„ 30% L$p` L$fhp_y kpd¡g R>¡. Ap q_ed_u

Op¡jZp `ep®hfZ k„fnZ A¡S>Þku Üpfp \B R>¡. S>¡dp„ f030 ky^u âvy$jZ

L$Z (`pqV®$L$g) _pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$, këaf X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$dp„ kl gpc

dpV$¡ f` % \u h^y L$p`_u Op¡jZp L$fu R>¡.

B.k.f030 ky^u L$pb®_ âvy$jZ_p _hp

r_edp¡_u bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp Üpfp Op¡jZp

"fpBV$-V|$-X$pB' L$p_|_ A`_phsy L$e|b¡L$

ÞepreL$ S„>N

_¡^fg¡ÞX$, b¡[ëS>ed, gL$TdbN®

BÃR>p d©Ðey L$pev$¡kf R>¡ s¡hp v$¡i:

klpesp âpá d©Ðey_u dpÞesp ^fphsp v$¡i :

qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$, Ad¡qfL$p_y„ Ap¡f¡N_, hp¡tiNV$_ A_¡ hdp£V$

kuqfep_p hs®dp_ fpô2$`rs A_¡ bp\ `pV$}_p

_¡sp bif Ag Akv afuhpf kuqfep_p fpô2$`rs

`v$¡ Q|„V$pB Apìep lsp. S>¡_u Op¡jZp ` S|>__p fp¡S>

\B lsu.

B.k.f011\u N©leyÂ^ kpd¡ TTydu fl¡gp

kuqfepdp„ fpô2$`rs `v$ dpV$¡ 3 S|>_¡ dsv$p_ \ey lsy.

S>¡dp„ Akv$_¡ 88.7 % ds `°pá \ep lsp. s¡d_¡

v$¡i_p dÂe A_¡ `[òd cpNdp„\u ds âpá \ep lsp.

S>¡dp„ h^y dpÓpdp„ kyÞ_u dyqõgdp¡A¡ s¡d_p sfau

dsv$p_ L$ey® lsy. Akv$_p ârsõ`^} lk_ Ag _|fu_¡ 4.3 % d¡lf

lS>S>f_¡ 3.f % ds dýep lsp.

kuqfep_p fpô2$`rs `v$¡ bif Ag Akv$

bif Ag Akv$

B.k.196`dp„ S>Þd¡gp bif Ag Akv$ ìehkpe¡ A¡L$ _¡Ó

rQqL$ÐkL$ R>¡. B.k.1994dp„ bp\ `pV$u® kp\¡ Å¡X$pep A_¡

B.k.1998dp„ `n_p krQh bÞep A_¡ B.k.f000dp„ â\dhpf

kuqfep_p fpô2$`rs `v$¡ Qy„V$pep s¡dS> f007dp„ buÆhpf fpô2$`rs sfuL$¡

`k„v$ \ep lsp.

ip„rs õ\p`_p dpV$¡_p l¡sykf fQpe¡gu

k„eyL$s fpô2$ rhi¡jo `¡_g_p kv$õe

`v$¡ ArcÆs Nylp

ip„rs õ\p`_p dpV$¡ fQpe¡gu k„eyL$s fpô2$_u rhi¡jo `¡_g_p kv$õe sfuL$¡ cpfsue k¡_p_p k¡hp r_h©s

g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg ArcÆs Nylp_u r_dZ|„L$ ` S|>__p fp¡S> \B R>¡. s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$ ip„rs õ\p`_p Arcep_p¡ A_¡

n¡rÓe klep¡N dpV$¡ Ahf-dlpkrQh A¡k.g¡X$kk A_¡ Adufpl lL$ Üpfp \B R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p_p ip„rs A_¡ kyfnp

rhi¡jo S>¡_ lp¡g ëe|V$_¡ Ap `¡_g_p AÂen r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ BfpL$_u blpf lyqfep rirbf

r_hpkuAp¡_u `y_®õ\p`_p dpdgp_p dlpkrQh_p rhi¡j kgplL$pf `Z R>¡. `¡_g_p kv$õe v$rnZ ApräL$p_p

d¡S>f S>_fg dpBL$g äpef, X$¡_dpL®$_p d¡S>f S>_fg Bb Å¡lp_¡k A_¡ L$¡_¡X$p_p hp¡ëV$f X$p ̧_® R>¡.

ArcÆs NylpA¡ ip„rs õ\p`_p Arcep_ rhcpNdp„ ip„rs õ\p`_p fZ_ursL$ cpNuv$pfu L$pep®ge

r_v$£iL$_p ê$`¡ L$pe® L$ey® R>¡. s¡Ap¡ B.k.f010 \u f01f ky^u `|h® k¥Þe D`kgplL$pf `Z flu QyL$ep R>¡.

Ap `¡_g_y„ L$pe® S>¡ n¡Ódp„ ip„rs õ\pr`s L$fhp_u R>¡, Ðep„ _hu sL$_uL$p¡ A_¡ Ar^L$pfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$B fus¡

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ s¡ rhj¡ Ap h¥[ðL$ k„õ\p_¡ kgpl Ap`hp_y R>¡. Ap `¡_g Sy>v$p Sy>v$p rdi_p¡_u dygpL$psp¡ L$fi¡ A_¡

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p kv$õe v$¡ip¡ Ap fus¡ n¡Óue L$pep£ L$fsp klep¡Nu k„NW$_p¡, klL$pfu A_¡ rb_ kfL$pfu ip¡^

k„õ\p_p¡, t\L$ V$¢L$p¡ A_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_p ip„rs Arcep_p¡dp„ ê$Qu ^fphsp DÛedu _¡s©Ðh_u kp\¡ ìep`L$ fus¡

rhQpf-rhdi® L$fi¡.

`

¡

_g_„y L$pe®

`pqL$õsp_ `f gNphpe¡gp¡ lr\epf h¡QpZ_p¡ ârsb„^ 4 S|>__p fp¡S> fqiep

Üpfp v|$f L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. A_¡ lh¡ friep `pqL$õsp__¡ A¡d.ApB.-3`

l¡guL$p ̧àV$f h¡Qhp_u hpsQus L$fu füy R>¡.

B.k.1963dp„ â\d rdN-f1 rhdp_\u gB_¡ hs®dp_dp„ kyMp¡B-30

A¡d.L$¡.ApB. apBV$f àg¡_ h¡Qhp kp\¡ friep cpfs_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ kyfnp Ap`|rs®

L$f_pf v$¡i R>¡. friep cpfs_¡ 40 rbrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf\u `Z h^y k¥Þe

kpdN°u h¡Q¡ R>¡.

friep_y„ Ap L$v$d s¡_u rhv$¡i _ursdp„ bv$gph_p¡ k„L$¡s R>¡. friep

B.k.f014 bpv$\u AaOpr_õsp__u fpl Å¡B füy R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡, Ðep„ ky^udp„

Ad¡qfL$u-_pV$p¡ v$m_p Al]\u `p¡sp_u dp¡V$p cpN_u k¡_p `fs bp¡gphu g¡hp_p R>¡.

spgubp_p¡ afu\u kq3⁄4$e \B füp R>¡. dpV$¡ Ad¡qfL$u-_pV$p¡ v$mp¡ `fs S>hp_¡

L$pfZ¡ AaOpr_õsp_dp„ `qfqõ\rs afu\u rhõap¡V$L$ b_u iL$¡ R>¡. S>¡\u `pqL$õsp_y„

dlÐh M|b S> h^u S>i¡.

friep_u rhv$¡i _ursdp„

bv$gph_p k„L$¡s-`pqL$õsp_

`f_p lr\epf ârsb„^_¡ vy$f L$ep£

Ap `Ngp_y„ dlÐh :-

31

Page 32 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

lp¢NL$p¢Ndp„ gp¡L$s„Ó dpV$¡ A¡L$ A_p¥`QpqfL$

S>_ds k„N°l_p l¡sy bv$g Ap¡L$e|`pB k¡ÞV2$g N©` Ap ̧a

lp¢N L$p¢N Üpfp Arcep_ Qgphpey lsy. S>¡dp„

dsv$pspAp¡A¡ lp¢NL$p¢N_p

dy¿e L$pe®L$pfu Ar^L$pfu `k„v$

L$fhp Apif¡ 600000_u

k„¿epdp„ dsv$p_ L$ey® lsy.

dsv$p_ h¡bkpBV$_¡ dm¡gu

AbÅ¡ tlV$_¡ `Ng¡ ff S|>_¡

`|Z® \sp dsv$p__¡ f9 S|>_

ky^u g„bphhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

dsv$p_ dpV$¡ dsv$pspAp¡ `pk¡

ÓZ S>¡V$gp rhL$ë` lsp. S>¡ ÓZ¡ dmu_¡ A¡L$ gp¡L$râe

ds b_phsp lsp. S>¡dp„ dsv$p_\u v|$f fl¡hp_p¡ rhL$ë`

`Z D`gå^ lsp¡. dsv$p__p¡ l¡sy Aqcep_ Üpfp `|Z®

gp¡L$s„Ó_u dp„N kp\¡ il¡f_u kX$L$p¡ `f lÅfp¡_u

k„¿epdp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ A¡L$W$p L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡.

S>_ds k„N°l L$pfZ

A_p¥`QpqfL$ S>_ds k„N°l

L$fphhp_„y dy¿e L$pfZ A¡ lsy L$¡

b¡BÆ„N (Qu_) Üpfp Åfu

L$fpe¡gp ð¡s`Ódp„

lp¢NL$p¢N `f `p¡sp_p¡

Ar^L$pf afuhpf L$ped

fpMhp_u bpbs

S>Zphhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ap ð¡s`Ó_¡ L$pfZ¡

il¡fdp„ Qu__p ku^p

lõsn¡`_u Api„L$p\u

gp¡L$p¡dp„ r_fpip A_¡ 3⁄4$p¡^_u

cph_p âbm b_u NB lsu.

Ap ð¡s`Ó A„sN®s b¡BÆ„N_p

dy¿e L$pe®L$pfu dpV$¡ hj® f017dp„ Q|„V$Zu

L$fphhp klds lsp. `f„sy Dd¡v$hpfp¡_¡ Qu_u

lp¢NL$p¢N_p dsv$pfp¡A¡ A_p¥`QpqfL$

S>_ds k„N°ldp„ gp¡L$s„Ó dpV$¡ dsv$p_ L$ey®

Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u AÂensp ^fphsu krdrsdp„ `p¡sp_„y

_pdp„L$_ A_ydp¡qv$s L$fphhy `X$i¡.

S>epf¡ lp¢NL$p¢N_p _p_p k„rh^p__p d|m L$p_|_ A_ykpf

dpÓ _pdp„L$_ krdrs S>

Dd¡v$hpfp¡_u Q|„V$Zu L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

gp¡L$s„Ó_p kd\®L$p¡_p¡ Arcâpe

A¡hp¡ R>¡ L$¡, s¡_¡ bv$gu_¡ gp¡L$

_pdp„L$__¡ A_ydrs Ap`hu

Å¡BA¡. Å¡ L$¡ Qu_ kfL$pf¡

A_p¥`QpqfL$ S>_ds k„N°l_¡

N¡fL$p_|_u S>Zpìep¡ R>¡, S>¡_¡

L$pfZ_¡ Aph_pf kdedp„

lp¢NL$p¢N_¡ _yL$ip_ \B iL$¡ R>¡.

lp¢NL$p¢N A_¡ Qu_ hÃQ¡_u

hs®dp_ `qfqõ\rs :

lp¢NL$p¢N A¡L$ v$¡i A_¡ b¡ âZpgu_p rkÂ^p„s

A„sN®s q``ëk qf`åguL$ Ap ̧a

QpB_p_y„ â\d rhi¡j âipkr_L$

n¡Ó 1 Sy>gpB 1997_p fp¡S>

bÞey lsy. S>¡dp„ \e¡gp L$fpf

(kp¡v$p)dp„ Ar_q×®ô$

spfuMdp„ gp¡L$sp„qÓL$

ky^pf_p¡ hpev$p¡ `Z

kpd¡g lsp¡.

lp¢NL$p¢N_y„ õhs„Ó

Þepe`prgL$p kpdpÞe

L$p_|_u dpmMp âdpZ¡ L$pe®

L$f¡ R>¡. lp¢NL$p¢N_p byr_epv$u

L$p_|_ s¡_u fpS>_ursL$

âZpguAp¡_¡ r_e„rÓs L$f¡ R>¡. A_¡

rhv$¡i dpdgp A_¡ k¥Þe fnp_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡

v$f¡L$ dpdgpdp„ DÃQ õsf_u õhpessp_u hpsp¡

L$f¡ R>¡.

Ø e|.A¡.B. kfL$pf Üpfp 7 S|>__p fp¡S> A¡L$ _hp L$p_|_ Üpfp v$¡i_p 18 \u 30 hj®_p

heõL$ `yê$j _pNqfL$p¡ dpV$¡ k¥Þe k¡hp Ar_hpe® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u k¡hp

_pNqfL$p¡dp„ r_›$p A_¡ v$¡i k¡hp_u cph_p h^pfhp_p l¡sy\u L$p_|__u dv$v$\u

gpN| L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ø _hp L$p_|_ A_ykpf lpBõL|$g_u qX$N°u ^fph_pf heõL$p¡ dpV$¡ 9 dpk A_¡ A_¡ qX$N°u

hNf_p gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ 1 hj®_u k¡hp Ar_hpe® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ø Ar_hpe® k¡hp L$f_pf_¡ kfL$pfu, Mp_Nu _p¡L$fuAp¡dp„ âp\rdL$sp, rhhpl, N°p„V$,

Of¡g| àgp¡V$ krls_p gpcp¡ âv$p_ \i¡. S>epf¡ f9 hj®_u he ky^udp„ L$p¡B rhi¡j

L$pfZ hNf Ap k¡hp is® `|Z® _ L$f_pf_¡ A¡L$ dpk\u gB_¡ A¡L$ hj® ky^u_u

S>¡g_u kÅ A\hp f,7ff Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf\u gB_¡ 13,61f X$p ̧gf ky^u_p v„$X$

A\hp b„_¡ kÅ \B iL$¡ R>¡.

Ø Ap L$p_|_ ey.A¡.B._p k¥Þe k„fnZdp„ fl¡gp kpDv$u Afb bl¡fu_ A_¡ Ap¡dp_ `f

gpNy _l] \pe.

Apd£q_ep, b¡gpê$k, Ap ̧õV2$uep, bfd|X$p, ATf b¡Tp_, b°pTug, kpBâk,

çep„dpf, rd÷, ra_g¡ÞX$, X$¡ÞdpL®$, N°uL$, Bfp_, d¡qL$kL$p¡, BTfpeg, DÑf L$p¡qfep,

v$rnZ L$p¡qfep, _p¡h£, friep, spBhp_, tkNp`yf, rõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$, syL$}, \pBg¡ÞX$, ey3⁄4$¡_.

k„eyL$s Afb Ardfps_p v$f¡L$ `y¿s `yê$j

_pNqfL$p¡A¡ afÆeps k¥Þe k¡hp L$fhu `X$i¡

Ar_hpe® k¡Þe k¡hp ^fphsp v$¡i

cpfsue d|m ^fphsp Ad¡qfL$u i¡apgu fpS>v$p_

vy$ÁNg_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p lp¡gp¡L$põV$_p d¡dp¡qfeg `qfjv$_p kv$õe

sfuL$¡ Ad¡qfL$u fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdpA¡ 3 S|>__p fp¡S>

q_e|L$s L$ep® R>¡.

i¡apgu fpS>v$p_ vy$ÁNg Ap¡bpdp rhL$V2$u V2$õV$_p kl AÂen,

X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡V$uL$ fpô2$ue krdrs (X$u.A¡_.ku.)_u fpô2$ue _pZp„

krdrs_p kv$õe s\p X$u.A¡_.ku. drlgp _¡s©Ðh d„Q_p

fpô2$ue kl AÂen lsp. s¡dS> ûyd_ fpBV$1k hp¡Q

L$¡rgap¡r_®ep krdrs DÑf A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p X$p ̧L$V$fp¡_p fpô2$ue

kgplL$pf bp¡X®$, qõd\kp¡r_e_ k„N°lpge_p fpô2$ue

kgplL$pf bp¡X®$Þpp kv$õe A_¡ v$rnZ A¡qiepB qX$qTV$g

k„NW$__p hqf›$ kgplL$pf R>¡.

lp¡gp¡L$põV$ d¡dp¡qfeg `qfjv$_p kv$õe sfuL$¡ i¡apgu vy$

ÁNg

lp¡gp¡L$põV$ d¡dp¡qfeg `qfjv$ :

B.k.1980dp„ Ad¡qfL$p lp¡gp¡L$põV$ d¡dp¡qfeg

`qfjv$ L$p¢N°¡k Üpfp õ\pr`s \ey lsy. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy âge

S>¡hp kde¡ fpô2$_y„ _¡s©Ðh A_¡ Mp_Nu _pÏ„ A¡L$Wy$

L$fhp A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p lp¡gp¡L$põV$ d¡dp¡qfeg

k„N°lpge_y r_dp®Z L$fhp_y R>¡.

`qfjv$dp„ `` kv$õe lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ A¡L$ hj®dp„ b¡

hpf b¡W$L$ Apep¡Æs \pe R>¡. `rfjv$_p kv$õep¡_u

r_dZ|„L$ fpô2$`rs Üpfp \pe R>¡. ku_¡V$ A_¡ ârsr_r^

kcpdp„\u `p„Q kv$õe A_¡ rinZ rhcpN, N©l A_¡

fpS>e rhcpNdp„\u ÓZ `v$ `f fl¡gp kv$õep¡_u

Ahr^ `p„Q hj® A_¡ 11 kv$õep¡_u k¡hp Ahr^

âÐe¡L$ hj£ kdpá \pe R>¡.

Ü kfL$pfu v$¡hy Æ.X$u.`u. L$fsp 60 % \u

^ lp¡ y _ ¡ h y h ÅBA¡.

Ü bS>¡V pÛ Æ X$u.` . p % \u Ap¡ u $ M . u _ 3 R>

lp¡hu Å¡BA¡.

Ü ef ¡_p dL$pb ¡ $¡i_u p¡s _u dyÖp q \f | p y g v ` p õ

lp¡hu Å¡BA¡.

Ü dyÖpqõa s A ¡ e S>v$f Ap¡R>p¡ ¡hp¡ r _ ì p lp

Å¡ ¡ BA

e| p¡`ue „O_ 8 v$¡ p d ¡ e|f Tp¡ _y„ f k p 1 i ¡ mu_ S>¡ p¡ _

d Z L$f¡ R , s¡ p„ Qpgsp ¡ efp¡ L$ ¡ R>¡ r_ p® >¡ d QgZ_ | l .

B.k.1999dp„ e|fp¡_u iê$Aps efp¡`| ue AL$uL ¡ $fZdp„

A¡ $ b S> dp¡ L M| Vy$ L$v$d lsy. hs®dp_ kde¡ 333

rd _\u `Zh^y _ qfL$ A yÖ p¡ QgZdp„ rge Be| pN p d p_

D`ep¡N L$fu füp R>¡. B.k.f00fdp„ e|fp¡_p bL¢ $_p¡V$

A_¡ rkL$L$p_u iê$Aps \B lsu.

e|fp

¡

dyÖp A`_ph_pf rg\y Apr_ep 19çpp

¡ v$¡i b_i¡

4 S|>_¡ e|fp¡`ue k„O Apep¡N_u Åfu \e¡gu

L$ÞhS>®¢k qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zphpep dyS>b

rg\yApr_ep 1 ÅÞeyApfu f01`_p fp¡S>\u

e|fp¡_¡ A`_ph_pf 19dp¡ v$¡i b_i¡. qf`p¡V®$dp„

v$ip®hpep âdpZ¡ e|fp¡_¡ dyÖp ê$`¡ A`_phhp

dpV$¡ S>ê$fu isp£_¡ rg\yApr_epA¡ `yfu

L$fu R>¡. A_¡ e|fp¡ L$gbdp„ fkê$Qu

v$pMh_pf byëN¡qfep, Q¡L$ rf`qågL$,

3⁄4$p¡A¡riep, l„N¡fu, `p¡g¡ÞX$, fp¡dpq_ep

A_¡ õhuX$_ kp\¡ v$f¡L$ dp`v„$X$dp„

Mc¡Mcp rdgphu_¡ `pf Dsey® lsy.

e|fp¡ rhjeL$ ::

`pR>gp 39 hj®\u õ`¡__p kd°pV$ fl¡gp Sy>Ap_ L$pgp£k Üpfp fpS>Npv$u

R>p¡X$hp_u Ål¡fps hX$pâ^p_ dpqfep_p¡ fpÅ¡e Üpfp \B lsu. 76 hj}e

L$pgp£k_u S>ÁepA¡ s¡d_p `yÓ a¡rg` fpSp> b_i¡. 46 hrj®e a¡rg` Apõsy

qfepk fpS>Ly$dpf A_¡ fpS>Npv$u_p hpfk R>¡.

B.k.197`dp„ fpÅ b_¡gp L$pgp£k_¡ A¡ kde_p v$p¥fdp„ rlfp¡ sfuL$¡

Å¡hpdp„ Aphsp lsp, L$pfZ L$¡ s¡dZ¡ rhrcÞ_ âL$pf_p gp¡L$sp„qÓL$ A_¡

Apr\®L$ bv$gph L$ep® lsp. s¡d_u bv$_pdu Ðepf¡ \B S>epf¡ õ`¡_ Apr\®L$

k„L$V$dp„\u `kpf \B füy lsy A_¡ s¡Ap¡ bp¡Ðkhp_p Mps¡ lp\uAp¡_p¡ riL$pf

L$fu füp lsp. S>ep„ s¡d_p lpX$L$p syV$u Nep lsp A¡ rkhpe s¡d_u ârs›$p

Ðepf¡ `Z v$ph `f gpNu lsu S>epf¡ s¡d_p S>dpB `f `¥kp_u v$NpbpÆ_p

Apfp¡` gpÁep lsp.

a¡rg`_p fpÅ b_hp bpv$ s¡d_¡ a¡rg`-4 _p _pd\u Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aphi¡.

s¡dZ¡ d¥qX2$X$ Ap ̧V$p¡_p¡dk e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u L$p_|__p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. s¡dS>

Å¡S®>V$pD_ e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u Ap„sffpô2$ue k„b„^p¡ `f `p¡õV$ N°¡S>eyA¡i_ L$ey® R>¡.

Ø 4 \u ` S|>_ v$frdep_ b°k¡ëk Mps¡ e|fp¡`ue k„O

`qfjv$_p S>õV$uk rg`rkek ch_ Mps¡ 40dy„

Æ-7 riMf k„d¡g_ ep¡ÅB Ney.

Ø e|fp¡`ue k„O Üpfp 4-7 k„d¡g__u d¡S>bp_u â\dhpf

\B.

Ø riMf k„d¡g__¡ k„eyL$s ê$`¡ e|fp¡`ue `qfjv$_p AÂen

lfd_ hp_ fp¡`e¡ A_¡ e|fp¡`ue Apep¡N_p AÂen¡ k„eyL$s

fus¡ ârsr_q^Ðh L$ey®.

Ø L$¡_¡X$p, äp„k, S>d®_u, BV$gu, Å`p_, rb°V$_,

Ad¡qfL$p_p _¡sp s\p e|fp¡`ue `qfjv$_p AÂen A_¡

e|fp¡`ue Apep¡N_p AÂen¡ riMf k„d¡g__u dygL$ps L$fu

lsu.

Ø d|m ê$`¡ Æ-8 k„d¡g_ S|>_ f014dp„ friep_p kp¡Qu Mps¡ friep_p âdyM `v$¡ ep¡S>hp_y R>¡. `f„sy friep Üpfp

e|3⁄4$¡__u k„âcysp A_¡ n¡Óue AM„qX$ssp_p¡ c„N \sp Æ-7 _¡spAp¡A¡ k„d¡g__¡ Æ-7 âpê$`dp„ b°k¡ëk Mps¡

Apep¡rS>s L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e \ep¡ lsp¡.

40dy„ Æ-7 riMf k„d¡g_ f014 b°k¡ëkdp„ ep¡Åey

BTfpeg_u "rgMyv$ `pV$} '_p hqf›$ kp„kv$ A_¡ fpô2$`rs `v$_u Q|„V$Zudp„ ârsõ`^}

"lÐ_yAp `pV$}'_p dpef iusqfs_¡ `3dp„ dyL$pbg¡ 63 ds\u lfph_pf ê$h¡_ qfhrg__¡

BTfpeg_u k„kv$ Üpfp 10 S|>__p fp¡S> fpô2$`rs `v$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡Ap¡ f4

Sy>gpB f014_p fp¡S> BTfpeg_p 10dp„ fpô2$`rs `v$_p i`\ N°lZ L$fi¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs_u S>¡d BTfpegdp„ `Z fpô2$`rs kpdpÞe fus¡ kp„L$¡rsL$ fpô2$pÂen

lp¡e R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ BTfpeg_u k„kv$ (_¡k¡V$)dp„ Ly$g 1f0 kv$õe R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, ê$h¡g

qfhrg_ k„kv$ (_¡k¡V$)_p AÂen flu QyL$ep R>¡.

BTfpe¡g_p 10dp„ fpô2$`rs `v$¡ ê$h¡_ qfhrg_

õ`¡__p kd°pV$ Sy>Ap_ L$pgp£k Üpfp r_h©rÑ Ål¡f \B

Ad¡qfL$u _p¥ k¡_pdp„ â\d drlgp

ap¡f õV$pf A¡X$rdfg sfuL$¡ rdi¡g lphX®$

Ad¡qfL$u _p¥ k¡_p_p f36 hj®_p Brslpkdp„ â\dhpf drlgp "ap¡f õV$pf'

A¡X$rdfg sfuL$¡ (Ad¡qfL$u k¡Þe k¡hp_y„ khp£ÃQ `v$) hpBk A¡X$rdfg

rdig¡ lphX®$_u 1 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡gp kdpfp¡ldp„ _p¥ k¡_p krQh f¡

d¡byk_u AÂenspdp„ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

¦ qdi¡g lphX®$_p¡ S>Þd B.k.1960dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. B.k.1978dp„

L$p¡gp¡fpX$p¡_p Ap¥fpfpdp„ N¡V$ h¡ õL|$gdp„ õ_psL$ \ep A_¡

B.k.198fdp„ Ad¡qfL$_ _¡hu AL$¡X$¡du_p Aæepk L$ep£ lsp¡.

¦ 3f hj® ky^u Ad¡qfL$u _¡hu k¡hp Ap`_pf rdi¡g lphX®$ B.k.1999

dp„ A¡hp â\d ApräL$u-Ad¡qfL$u dqlgp bÞep L$¡, S>¡_¡ _¡hg ri`_u

L$dp_ kp¡„`hpdp„ Aphu lp¡e s¡dS> hj® f006dp„ ag¡N f¢L$ dpV$¡

`k„v$Nu `pd¡g Ad¡qfL$u _p¥ k¡_p AL$pv$du_p â\d drlgp õ_psL$ R>¡.

32

e|fp¡dp„ kpd¡g \hp dpV$¡_u S>ê$fu ifsp

¡

e|fp¡ dyÖp A`ph_pf v¡$ip¡_u epv$u

à B.k.1999 : S>d®_u,

b¡[ëS>ed,

õ`¡_,Apefg¡ÞX$,

äp„k, BV$gu,

gL$TdbN®,

_¡^fg¡ÞX$,

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep,`p¡Vy®$Ng,

_¡^fg¡ÞX$, ra_g¡ÞX$,

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep,

`p¡Vy®$Ng, ra_g¡ÞX$,

à B.k.f001 : N°uk

à B.k.f007 : õgp¡h¡r_ep

à B.k.f008 : kpBâk, dpëV$p

à B.k.f009 : õgp¡hpqL$$ep

à B.k.f011 : A¡õV$p¡r_ep

à B.k.f014 : gpV$rhep

Page 33 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 25

B.k.1993dp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpA¡ Ap `v$_u fQ_p L$fu lsu. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy v$f¡L$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ rkrhg, kp„õL©$rsL$,

Apr\®L$, fpS>_ursL$, kpdpÆL$ s\p rhL$pk_p Ar^L$pfp¡_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp_p¡ A_¡ fnZ L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡. k„eyL$s

fpô2$ dp_h Ar^L$pf DÃQpeyL$s `v$_u Ahr^ Qpf hj®_u lp¡e R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p dlpkrQh bp_ L$u d|_ Üpfp 6 S|>__p fp¡S> Å¡X®$__p fpS>Ly$dpf A_¡ Å¡X®$_ Mps¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_p

fpS>v|$s T¥v$ fpv$ T¥v$ Ag lyk¥__¡ _prds L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. s¡dZ¡ hs®dp_ dp_h Ar^L$pf DÃQpeyL$s _h_¡\d

q`ëg¡_y„ õ\p_ gu^y R>¡.

hs®dp_dp„ T¥v$ Ag lyk¥_ k„eyL$s fpô2$_p A¡L$ õ\peu ârsr_r^ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ `l¡gp `Z hj® f000 \u f007

ky^u Ap `v$ `f flu QyL$ep R>¡ s\p k„eyL$s fpô2$dp„ hj® 1996 \u f000 ky^u Å¡X®$__p D`õ\peu ârsr_q^ ê$`¡

k¡hp âv$p_ L$fu QyL$ep R>¡. s¡dS> Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Å¡X®$__p fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ A_¡ hj® f007 \u f010 ky^u d¡qL$kL$p¡ Mps¡

Ar_hpku fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ k¡hp Ap`u lsu.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ dp_h Ar^L$pf

DÃQpeyL$s dpV$¡ T¥v$ fpv$ T¥v$ Ag lyk¥_

k„eyL$s fpô2$ dp_h Ar^L$pf DÃQpeyL$s A¡V$g¡ ?

T¥v$ Ag lyk¥_ :

`©›$ c|rd :

Å¡lp_ b°¡ef `f S>d®_u_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡A¡ Ap ̧õV$rhV$1T-ff rb°L$¡_pD

L$p ̧Þk_V2$¡i_ L$¢`dp„ d¡ \u Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 1944 hÃQ¡ l„N¡fu, S>d®_u A_¡

Q¡L$p¡õgp¡h¡qL$ep_p f,16000\u h^y dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aph¡gp e|fp¡`ue el|v$uAp¡_u

lÐepdp„ kpd¡g lp¡hp_p¡ Apfp¡` gpN¡gp¡ R>¡.

89 hj}e A_¡ c|s`|h® _pTu L$¡ç`_p NpX®$ Å¡lp_ b°¡ef buÅ rhðeyÂ^

v$frdep_ Ap ̧õV$rhV$1T NpX®$ A_¡ A¡k.A¡k.X$¡\ l¡X$ bV$prge__p¡ kv$õe lsp¡

A_¡ hj® 19`f\u Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hkhpV$ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. hs®dp_ hj®dp„ s¡ rhõ\pr`s

\B_¡ Ad¡qfL$p Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ad¡qfL$u _pNqfL$ lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ad¡qfL$u

_pNqfL$sp_p¡ v$php¡ fS|> L$ep¡® lsp¡.

Ad¡qfL$pdp„ \B rNfaspfu :

ragpX$¡[ëaep Mps¡ 17 S|>_¡ bu_ Ådu_`pÓ hp¡f„V$ Üpfp S>p¡lp_ b°¡ef_u buÅ

rhðeyÂ^ v$frdep_ \e¡gp N„cuf A`fp^p¡ bv$g ^f`L$X$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

s¡_¡ S>d®_u_¡ kp¢`u v$¡hpdp„ Aphi¡.

_pTu d©Ðey rirbf_p

Apfp¡` kbb Å¡lp_

b°¡ef_u ^f`L$X$

rd÷_p fpô2$`rs `v$ dpV$¡_u f6-f8

d¡ f014_p fp¡S> \e¡gu Qy„V$Zu_p Qy„V$Zu

`„Q Üpfp 3 S|_¡ L$prlfp Mps¡ Ål¡f \e¡gp

`qfZpdp¡ dyS>b rd÷_p `|h® k¡_pÂen

Aåv$¡g as¡l Ag kuku f3.78 rdrge_

ds (96.91 %) kp\¡ rhS>¡sp \ep lsp.

S>epf¡ X$pb¡fu _¡sp ldv$u_ Abplu_¡ dpÓ

3.9 % ds dýep lsp. Q|„V$Zudp„ Ly$g

47.` % dsv$p_ \ey lsy.

1.` % S>¡V$gu cpfsue d|m_p gp¡L$p¡_u hõsu ^fphsp rb°V$__p "g„X$_ bfp¡

Ap ̧a kpD\hL®$'_p d¡ef `v$¡ 7 S|>__p fp¡S> Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ cpfsue

d|m_p ky_ug Qp¡`X$pA¡ d¡ef `v$¡ `v$ A_¡ Nyásp_p kp¡N„^ gu^p lsp.

s¡Ap¡ `pR>gp hj® f013-14dp„ Ap rhõspf_p X$¡àe|V$u d¡ef lsp. ky_ug

Qp¡`X$p g„X$_ qõ\s BrÞX$e_ Ap¡hfkuT L$p¢N°¡k_p dlpkrQh R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡

L$¡, s¡Ap¡ L$p¡g¡S> A ̧a hp¡L$¡i_g õV$X$uT (qv$ëlu e|r_hrk®V$u)_p â\d AÂen

flu QyL$ep R>¡. s¡dS> qv$ëlu eyhp L$p¡„N°¡k_p D`pÂen A_¡ A¡_.A¡k.ey.ApB._p

qv$ëlu A¡L$d_p AÂen `Z flu QyL$ep R>¡.

rb°V$__p "g„X$_ bfp¡ Ap ̧a

kpD\hL®$'_p d¡ef `v$¡ cpfsue

d|m_p ky_ug Qp¡`X$p

`p¡` äp„rkk¡ _pZpL$ue k|Q_p Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u_p v$f¡L$

BV$pghu bp¡X®$_¡ bv$gu _p¿ey R>¡. S>¡ h¡qV$L$__u _pZpZue

v$¡Mf¡M A¡S>Þku R>¡. ` S|>__p fp¡S> _hp Qpf bp¡X®$ kv$õe

BV$gu, qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$, tkNp`yf A_¡ k„eyL$s fpS>e

Ad¡qfL$pdp„\u r_e|L$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. bp¡X®$dp„

â\dhpf L$p¡B drlgp_¡ kpd¡g L$fpep R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

hj® f011dp„ `p¡` b¡_¡qX$L$V$ 16dp„ A¡ `pR>gp bp¡X®$_¡

_prds L$ey® lsy.

`p¡` äp„rkk¡ _pZpL$ue

k|Q_p Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u_p v$f¡L$

BV$pghu bp¡X®$_y„ õ\p_ bv$ëey

rd÷_p fpô2$`rs

`v$¡ Aåv$¡g as¡l

Ag-kuku

syg_pÐdL$ k„h¡^pr_L$ L$p_|__p â¿eps r_óZp„s A_¡ Ap rhjedp„ byr_epv$u `Â^rs_p khpgp¡ ip¡^_pf s\p

cpfsdp„ qv$ëlu Mps¡ S>Þd¡gp A_¡ Ap ̧L$kap¡X®$, V$p¡f„V$p¡, lphX®$dp„\u L$p_|__u qX$N°u âpá L$f_pf kyÆs Qp¥^fu_u 1

Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> ârkÂ^ bL®$g¡ gp ̧ õL|$g_p 1fdp„ X$u_ sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡dZ¡ `pR>gp 10 hj®\u L$pe®fs

A_¡ qX$k¡çbf f013dp„ fpÆ_pdy Ap`_pf A„sqfd kv$õe X$u_ rNrge_ g¡õV$f A_¡ q3⁄4$õV$p¡af A¡X$g¡_y„ õ\p_ d¡mìey R>¡.

è N©l eyÂ^\u gB_¡ ip„rs`|Z® gp¡L$sp„rÓL$ v$¡i ky^u A¡L$ fõsp ê$`¡ fpS>ep¡, rhi¡j ê$`\u Åsue fus¡ rhcpÆs

kdpS>_p k„h¡^pr_L$ dpmMp_p¡ Aæepk L$f_pf kyÆs Qp¥^fu Þe|ep¡L®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_p L$p_|_ õL|$gdp„ k¡krgep

N°p ̧V$1S> `°p ̧a¡kf A_¡ k„h¡^pq_L$ bv$gph L$¡ÞÖ_p k„õ\p`L$ lsp.

è s¡Ap¡ BÆàs, Å¡X®$_, gurbep, V$1e|_uriep, _¡`pm A_¡ îug„L$pdp„ k„h¡^pr_L$ bv$gph_p kd\®__p rhi¡jo R>¡.

è s¡dZ¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_u dÂeõ\sp fp¡õV$f_p kv$õe A_¡ rhðb¢L$ k„õ\p_ dpV$¡ kgplL$pf ê$`¡ L$pe® L$ey® R>¡.

è 70 \u h^y g¡M, `yõsL$, AÂepe, S>_®g A_¡ qf`p¡V®$ âL$pris \ep R>¡. s¡dS> L$¡V$guL$ `yõsL$p¡ `Z gMu R>¡. s¡dS>

hj® f010dp„ L$¡_¡X$p_p d¥L$ Ap\®f `yfõL$pf kdL$n Vy$X$p¡ a¡gp¡ri` d¡mhu lsu.

bL®$g¡ gp ̧ õL|$g_p â\d cpfsue

Ad¡qfL$u X$u_ sfuL$¡ kyÆs Qp¥^fu

syg_pÐdL$ k„h¡^pr_L$ L$p_|__p â¿eps r_óZp„s A_¡ Ap rhjedp„ byr_epv$u `Â^rs_p khpgp¡

ip¡^_pf s\p cpfsdp„ qv$ëlu Mps¡ S>Þd¡gp A_¡ Ap ̧L$kap¡X®$, V$p¡f„V$p¡, lphX®$dp„\u L$p_|__u qX$N°u âpá L$f_pf

kyÆs Qp¥^fu_u 1 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> ârkÂ^ bL®$g¡ gp ̧ õL|$g_p 1fdp„ X$u_ sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ `pR>gp 10 hj®\u L$pe®fs A_¡ qX$k¡çbf f013dp„ fpÆ_pdy Ap`_pf A„sqfd kv$õe X$u_ rNrge_

g¡õV$f A_¡ q3⁄4$õV$p¡af A¡X$g¡_y„ õ\p_ d¡mìey R>¡.

kyÆs Qp¥^fu_y„ âv$p_

k„d¡g__p¡ rhje

: "Ap¡.A¡k.ku.B. n¡Ódp„ Dcfsu Qy_p¥rsAp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ kyfrns,

Ar^L$ cpNuv$pfu A_¡ Þepe`|Z® vy$r_ep_„y r_dp®Z L$fhy'

Ap¡.A¡k.ku.B.-Å`p_ k„d¡g_ Å`p__p rhv$¡i d„Ópge Üpfp 17 S|>__p fp¡S> b¡ qv$hk dpV$¡

V$p¡L$ep¡ Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \ey lsy. S>¡dp„ `7 fpS>e ârsq_r^ A_¡ A¡riepB klep¡Nu cpNuv$pf

Å`p_, L$p¡qfep NZ fpS>e, \pBg¡ÞX$, Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep A_¡ AaOpr_õsp_¡ cpN qg^p¡ lsp¡.

k„d¡g_dp„ Aps„L$hpv$_p dyL$pbgp, kyfnp, dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ, V$L$pD Åm âb„^_,

DÅ® S>ê$fueps_u `|rs® A_¡ `qfhl_ D`ep¡N S>¡hu bpbs¡ QQp® \B lsu.

Ap¡.A¡k.ku.B.

Ap¡.A¡k.ku.B. e|fp¡` Mps¡ vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ kyfnp DÞdyM A„sf kfL$pfu k„NW$_ R>¡. e|fp¡`

Mps¡ B.k.197`dp„ ra_g¡ÞX$_p l¡gtkL$u Mps¡ s¡_y„ â\d k„d¡g_ Apep¡rS>s \ey lsy. k„NW$__y„

dy¿e d\L$ Ap ̧qõV2$ep v$¡i_p rhA¡_p Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

k„NW$__p cpNuv$pf-r_dp®Z

k„NW$__p k„d¡g_ A„sN®s cpN g¡_pf `7 fpS>e e|fp¡`, A¡qiep A_¡ DÑfu Ad¡qfL$p qõ\s R>¡

A_¡ DÑfu Np¡mp^®_p A¡L$ dp¡V$p c|rdn¡Ó_¡ L$hf L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_y r_dp®Z ius eyÂ^L$pm (L$p¡ëX$hp¡f)

v$frdep_ `|h®-`[òd d„Q ê$`¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

l¡sy :

k„NW$__p¡ l¡sy lr\epf r_e„ÓZ A_¡ dp_h Ar^L$pfp¡_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_, â¡k_u õhs„Ósp A_¡

r_ó`n S>¡hp dyv«pAp¡ `f L$¡qÞÖs L$fhp s¡dS> `|h® Q¡shZu, k„Ojp£ AV$L$phhp, Ap`rÑ âb„^_

bpv$_y„ `|_h®k_ S>¡hu bpbsp¡_¡ gB_¡ tQsp S>Zphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

fnp A_¡ klep¡N k„d¡g_

(Ap¡.A¡k.ku.B.) Å`p_ k„d¡g_

V$p¡L$ep¡ Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \ey

gL$TdbN®_p `|h® hX$pâ^p_ A_¡ B.e|._u M|b S> _ÆL$ fl¡gp S>ep„-L$gpX$ >>T„L$f f6 S|>_¡ e|fp¡`ue

Apep¡N_p _hp fpô2$`rs `v$¡ Q|„V$pB Apìep R>¡. s¡d_¡ rb°V$_ A_¡ l„N¡fu rkhpe e|fp¡`ue Apep¡N_p v$f¡L$ v$¡ip¡_y„

kd\®_ dm¡gy R>¡. s¡Ap¡ _h¡çbf f014\u `p¡sp_y„ õ\p_ k„cpmi¡ A_¡ Å¥k d¥_yAg bpfp¡kp¡_y„ õ\p_ g¡i¡.

S>ep„-L$gpX$ S„>L$f A¡L$ fpS>_urso R>¡. e|fp¡`ue k„O_p v$¡i_u L$p¡B kfL$pf_p gp„bp kde ky^u k¡hp Ap`_pf

âdyM lsp. s¡dS> rhðdp„ gp¡L$sp„qÓL$ `Â^rs\u Q|„V$pe¡gp _¡spAp¡ `¥L$u kp¥\u gp„bp kde ky^u `p¡sp_u k¡hp

Ap`_pf _¡sp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hj® 19`8 \u f013 ky^u gL$TdbN®_p hX$pâ^p_ lsp. s¡dS> hj® f00`\u f013

B.k.1997dp„ hqf›$ hqL$g s\p hj® f007dp„ A`ug dpV$¡_p S>S> s¡dS> hj® f010dp„ tkNp`yf

BqÞõVV$1e|V$ Ap ̧a guNg A¡S>eyL$¡i_ A_¡ bp¡X®$ Ap ̧a S>e|qX$rieg gr_ ̄N_p AÂen sfuL$¡ flu QyL$¡gp cpfsh„iu

hu.L$¡.fpÅ f` S|>_¡ tkNp`yf_p 8dp„ A¡V$p¡_} S>_fg b_u Nep R>¡. s¡dZ¡ õV$uh Qp¢N_y„ õ\p_ qg^y R>¡.

tkNp`yf_p fpóV2$`rs V$p¡_u V$¡_ L$¦N epd¡ S>qõV$V$ hu.L$¡. fpÅ_p i`\ N°lZ kdpfp¡l_u AÂensp L$fu lsu.

hu.L$¡. fpÅ ApNpdu ÓZ hj® dpV$¡ Aë` k„¿eL$p¡_p Ar^L$pfp¡ ^fphsu fô2$`rs `qfjv$_p kv$õe sfuL$¡

`Z `k„v$ \ep R>¡. 17 S>¡V$gp kv$õep¡ ^fphsu Ap `rfjv$ rh^¡eL$p¡ A_¡ L$p_|_ krls AÞe dpdg¡ `p¡sp_u

qf`p¡V$® kfL$pf_¡ kp¢`i¡.

7 S|>_ f014_p

fp¡S> L$fpQu A¡f`p¡V®$ `f Aps„L$hpv$u

lydgp bpv$ DÑfu hÆfuõ_ps Mps¡

`pqL$õsp_u k¡_p Üpfp âpf„c \e¡gp

Ap¡`f¡i_ "S>b®-A¡-AåS>'_y„ buSy>

QfZ 30 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S>

sprgbp_u Aps„L$hpv$uAp¡ kpd¡

c|rd lydgpê$`¡ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey

lsy. Ap S>du_u lydgp¡ AaOpr_õsp_ A_¡ `pqL$õsp__u kudp kyfnp dS>b|s L$fhp

A_¡ Aps„L$hpv$uAp¡_¡ AaOpr_õsp_ cpNsp fp¡L$hp dpV$¡_p¡ R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ap¡`f¡i_ "S>b®-A¡-AåS>' _p¡ A\® "`¦Nbf_u sghpf_p¡

hpf' A¡hp¡ \pe R>¡.

Ap¡`f¡i_ "S>b®-A¡-AåS>'

e|fp

¡

`ue Apep

¡

N_p _hp fpô2$`rs `v$¡ S>ep

„

-L$gpX$ T

„

L$f

bu.L$¡.fpÅ tkNp`yf_p 8dp„ A¡V$p ̧_} S>_fg bÞep

33

Page 34 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 26

"Nrsiug NyS>fps' :gÿep

„

L$ 100 qv$hk

NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p 100

qv$hk_p A¡S>ÞX$p_¡ A`_phu_¡ fpS>e_p rhL$pk dpV$¡ Ad|L$ `Ngp g¡hp_p a¦kgp¡

L$ep£ R>¡. NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ kp¡ qv$hk dpV$¡_u `p¡sp_u ep¡S>_p_y„ _pd "Nrsiug

NyS>fps' fp¿ey R>¡.fpS>e kfL$pf Ap 100 qv$hk v$fqdep_ 11 S>¡V$gp dy¿e

dyv«pAp¡ `f L$pe® L$fi¡. S>¡dp„ drlgp kiqL$sL$fZ, `p¡jZeyL$s NyS>fps, dlpÐdp

Np„^u Apfp¡Áe Arcep_ S>¡hp kpdprS>L$ A_¡ S>_L$ëepZ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp 11 S>¡V$gp dyv«pAp¡

kpd¡g R>¡. s¡dS> `00 õdpV®$ õL|$gp¡dp„ B-gr_ ̄N_u ìehõ\p, `0 lÅf ip¥Qpge, f0 lÅf

L$d®Qpfu_u cfsu ep¡S>_p s\p fpS>e_p `p¡guk v$mdp„ 33 % drlgp ApfnZ `Z kdprh›$

R>¡. 11 S>¡V$gp dlÐh_p dyv«pAp¡_p S>_rls_p Ly$g 48 S>¡V$gp dyv«pAp¡_¡ apõV$V2$¡L$ `f dyL$hpdp„

Apìep R>¡. S>¡_y„ dp¡r_V$qf„N dy¿ed„Óu\u gB_¡ âcpfu d„ÓuAp¡ s\p spgyL$p rhL$pk Ar^L$pfu

ky^u rhõspfhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

-100 qv$hkdp„

3

7

fp¡SNpf

fs

4 > c

u

d¡mp Üpfp 75000

S¡V$gu fp¡S> pfu_u > N

sL$p¡

y r_dp®Z A_¡ Ad $ph v$/hX$p¡v$fp

_„ v

p

L$¡ÞÖ

Mps¡

rhv$i

M s¡

_pL u

_¡

¡

p

¡ $f

A

fp¡S>Npfu dpN® $i®_ v

s

cf u d¡mp

-500 õdpV®$

ipmpAp¡dp„ B

gr_ ̄N_p¡ Adg s\p

100 qv$hkdp„ sdpd

ipmpdp„ r_d®m ipmp

Arcep_

ipmpAp

¡

dp

„

gr_

̄

N

A . $ u.L$¡

p

p

¥Û ¡r L$ k„ \p_pd

sp

s¡d

pB L¡.h . Ü f

Ap

p N

õ

¡ p„

rgd

S> 50

p¡ $ A B V$ . B

L$¡ `

k

¢

p ¡ Dd¡ $hpf ¡ s¥ p

_ Xg

p . u Ap .dp„ ç

k

àg¡

dV$ d V$ v

p

ef

L h,

hf k Ns

L$p ®Ly$

s

p

p

5, 0 $ v$ fp u $f

p

p

p

e

im

p

Ü f

2

0

0

Lpd

p ¡_

Li

sp y

rZ

Z

y$

m

_„ âdp

L$f

fp¡S>Npfu dpV$¡ L$p¥ig

ndsp h^pfhu

- di d„ gd1 e ¡ p l _ p 40 | _ p r _ N pS>_ ¡Wm h 00 S>\ u fQ_ ,

s¡_u ApfpÁ¡ e QLpkZu A_¡ qfhp[¡ ëh„N aX$_„ „ y Apep¡S>_

-lpDtkN _ A ¡ fpS¡ >Npf_p gpcp\}Ap_ p g¡ ¡ ¡ A hfu sp

10,000 k¡ëa l¡ë` N°`y _u fQ_p, s¡d_u sprgd_u

ìehõ\p

-rdi_ d„Ngd ¡ >_p „ Ns 6 r >ë d „ il¡ u dr p 1 epS As ® S gp p f lg

k„d¡g_p¡

-L$õsyfbp `pjZ¡ klpe epS¡ _p l¡Wm 45,000

gpcp\}Ap_ Q¡ ¡ ¡L_y„ rhsfZ

-rh^hp bl¡_p¡ dpV$ ¡LëepZLpfu ArcNd

-dqlgp kyfnp krdrs_p ìep ¡ ` h^pfhp¡

-kyfnp k¡sy epS p Wm 6, 00 r g A ¡_¡ ¡ >_ l¡ 2 0 d l p p

õhfnZ_ sr u p gd

drlgp kiqL$sL$fZ

p

_ ¡ -Ap„NZh X$u_p Ap¡R>p hS> ^fphsp sdpd bpmL$p_u

Z

u

s b m $ Apfp¡Áe QL$pk u s\p S>ê$f eps ^fph p p Lp¡_¡ bpm k¡hp

m p h

L$¡ÞÖ l¡W$ k f pf

-sd

d © k p y > pd Npd p„ `p¡jZ ÅNrs á l_„ Apep¡S_

- _

kbmp ep¡S>_p l¡W$m Ap„NZhpX$u u sdpd kMu A_¡

¡ p

drlgpAp_u s rgd

> $ p $ i

g ¡ _ N -Sêfueps ^f hsu v$f¡L qL$ p¡fuAp¡_¡ plsÐh u p¡mu_y„

rhsfZ

-v > qvh

p

|$^ k„Æh_u ep¡S_p l¡W$m Ap $ pku 14 spgyL$p_ `p„Q gpM

p L$ b m p¡_¡ ag¡hfv|$^_y„ rhsfZ

`pj eyL NS>fps

¡ Z $s y

- 5

p¡

p

_

A

h

u

f

ìe

\

pV¡_

2

00

Npd d „ O

_¡ â

pl

L$Q

p

hõ

p`_

d $ u

e

\ _

S> u

ì

hõ

p

¡ d„ |f

k

_ dp l u i

Z A

k„ ¡

p

hlpf

qc

y

fc - O

r s

r n

_¡

v$i

ìe

A

ep__p¡ icp „

- 5

_

`

g $p

O $ f

hõ

p

V

0

1

9

Nf

pr L dp„

_

LQ

p_p

ìe

\ `_

dp $¡

10

$fpX

p

¡ 7 ,00

\

h y

p^ „ h

L

¡ $_

MQ® 5

0

u

^ k

_p¡_y

r sfZ

2

`

g $ p O_

Q

p y $ fV$X$ f $ ¡L - 5

pr Lpd „ L$ f_ „ 100%Xp¡ y

p¡

Lg $i_

- 0,0

e

Qpg

p¡ d„S L$ hp y„

p

5

00

ì

qL$sNs ip¥

e

|>f

f

_ A ep¡S>_

dlpÐdp Np„^u

hõ

ÃR>s

e

p

Arc

p_

-spgL$ L$np ¡ 100 S>¡ $ p p¡L$ „hpv$ k¡ y

pe®3⁄4$d

y

p

A

Vg g k

s L$

-dlp`pr L$p, â „s $npA¡ Nfub L$ëep d¡mp y„ Apep¡S> g

p L

Z

_

_

`0 0 S¡V$gp h_b„^y

p¡_ h_ Ar^ $pf `Ó A `hp_y„ A epS>_ - 0 > A ¡ L

p

p ¡

-spgyL$p rSëgpL$npA¡ tQ _ rirbf ep¡Åi¡ , > s

-fp e, spgy

$p, rSëgpL$ A syd fr_L$p _ Ty„b¡i

Ä

L > np ¡ p

g u

spgy

pL$np_p hpNs L$pe3⁄4d_y„ kÖ$Yu $fZ - L$ õ ® $ y

L

-51 000 A¡_. p . y NyS> s kp\¡ ¡X$p , A f.Æ _„ fp

Å Z

- 5 _Nf r L$pdp„ _hp S>_ yrh^pL$¡ÞÖ_u „S>fu

2

`p g

k

d |

Å

¡ ¡hp ì hõ\ _y„ y[ ^L$fZ

lf k

e

p i Ý

-h

pB d ¡_u

f

_

_ r

L$ p¡

pfk

pV$ `X$s sdpd

p¢^p¡

p¡ _L$pg

fh

Þe

s

^

p¡ $ -A

`X$ f _p¢

p¡_ r_Lpg

-A $År

s „ pB _

`

hp dpV¡

pqv

s rhõ pfdp hpfk

p¢^

pX$ $

„ i

Mpk Tyb¡

_h ifs u > u

fs

a

hp_

pL$ Lk dpV¡ - u

\ S|_ i

dp„ ¡fh

p b u $¡

p¡ $

r_ $ Tb¡

Lpg y„ i

dl¡

gu

ky

¡ $_y„

f¡L$pX®

A ^y

_ $fZ

p

r L

N

p¡ > p

p $. 1 -c|

c® NV$f e S__

ê

02

$f

_

S $ A

f¡

L p¡X$ p

âp¡ >¡L$V

l¡W$m

pi

v¥ _

e

Vf $q L$ 13.4 rdrg

_ rg $ _u

y

p

p

k

¡

L$g ndsp ^f hs

19 yAS>

q 2$VV $d¡ÞV$ àgp„V$_p L$pe®_p¡ âpf„c

\i¡

u

p

^

_

ê -`h p_

iyÝ

`pZu p $.

0 L

X$ â

V1

_¡ dS>|fu

23 $fp¡ _p

p¡S>¡L$ $k „

yS>fps Ab®_

N

rdi_:

¡

il¡fpdp„

dpmMpNs

p

kyrh^

-k $p u

L$d

uA

dp $ fL

f ®Qpf p¡

V ¡

B

L$V2

¡ _

gr ̄ p¡ $g_p¡

g¡ $pr L$k

_N

` V®

iycpf„c

-BgL$V$ ¡r_L$ dp ed

¡

2 p k

Ý

\u

L ® N Ap ¡ p V$¡ 25

¡ $dep¡ u

¡_ s

rgd dp S>V

p¡X$ |

s¥e f

hp gppd

eAg p L$f

p _u

dlp`pr

A ¡

A_ -f Äe

gL$p p ¡

`

rgL$p ¡_p 35

000

L

sp p Ap , $f

h^y

dQpfuAp¡

L$ ®e ¡ u

L$ ® _¡

d pN

p l¡W$m Ap g¡

¡L$i_

s

rgd

hfu

hp A

d®

c

p

L$ ep¡Nu Ar e _:

sprgd A_¡

Ð

p¡

NyZp

dL$ ky^pf

-NyS>fps dygL$u k¡hp hN® 1 A_¡ 2 _u k„eyL$s õ`^p®ÐdL$

`funp Üpfp cfsu

-hj® 2014 v$frdep_ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p k„hN®_u 20,000 S>¡V$gu

S>ÁepAp¡ `f cfsu

cfsu L$¡g¡ÞX$f âdpZ¡ kdekf cfsu

34

Page 35 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 35

_pLkp_$g

y

„

k

„

ip

p¡^_-

-Ak¡

ÞV$pL®$q

„

õV$L$pdLp

„

`©$r

©

Õhsu L$¡ÞÖdp„ kÑp `qfhs®_ \sp _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p hX$pâ^p_ `f_y

„

kp

¥\u W

„$Xy$ sp`dp_ -93.f qX$N°u

`v$¡ rbfpS>hp kp\¡ S> NyS>fps dpV$¡ AÃR>¡ qv$_ _u

iê$Aps kdp_ _d®v$p _v$u `f_p kfv$pf kfp¡hf

ep¡S>_p_u JQpB h^pfhp dpV$¡_u d„S|>fu dmu R>¡.

_d®v$p r_e„ÓZ Ap¡\p¡qfV$u Üpfp kfv$pf kfp¡hf

b„^_u JQpB S>¡ hs®dp_dp„ 121.92 duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡

s¡_¡ 17 duV$f S>¡V$gu h^pfu_¡ 138.68 duV$f S>¡V$gu

L$fhp dpV$¡ 12 S|>__p fp¡S> d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

d„S|>fu dmsp S> dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ L$¡hqX$ep `lp¢Qu_¡ b„^_p

ågp¡L$ _„. 49dp„ L$p¢q3⁄4$V$ L$pe®_p¡ âpf„c L$fpìep¡ lsp¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, d„S|>fu dmhp_p ApNgp

kápl¡ Ap_„v$ub¡_ Üpfp hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ dmu_¡ Ap âñ¡ fS|>Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

JQpB h^hp kp\¡ k„crhs gpcp¡

-X$¡d_u `|Z® D„QpB A_¡ L$¡_pg _¡V$hL®$ bpv$ fpÄe_u 18 gpM l¡L$V$f S>du__¡ tkQpB_p¡ gpc

-fpS>õ\p__p S>pgp¡f, bpX$d¡f S>¡hp `pZu_u s„Nu A_|chsp rhõspfdp„ s¡dS> dÝeâv$¡i A_¡ dlpfô2$_¡

`Z apev$p¡ \i¡.

-b„^_p S>mpiedp„ lpg_p¡ `pZu_p¡ 1.27 rdrge_ A¡L$f ayV$_p¡ k„N°l ÓZ NZp¡ h^u S>B_¡ 4.75

rdrge_ A¡L$f ayV$ S>¡V$gp¡ \i¡.

-hs®dp_ rhS>mu DÐ`pv$_ ndsp(1450 d¡Nphp¡V$)dp„ h^pfp¡ \i¡. b„^_¡ k„g‚ S>mrhÛys d\L$p¡ s¡_u

`|Z® L$npA¡ L$pe®fs \sp hprj®L$ 150 L$fp¡X$ eyr_V$ rhS>mu A¡V$g¡ L$¡ hs®dp_ L$fsp 40 % h^y DÐ`pv$_ \i¡.

-JQpB h^hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ _d®v$p L$¡_pg A_¡ s¡_u kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu `¡V$p L$¡_pgp¡dp„ `pZu_p¡ âhpl h^sp

A„sfuepm rhõspfp¡ ky^u `yfsu N°¡rhV$u\u `pZu `lp¢QpX$u iL$pi¡.

a¡L$V$k

-kfv$pf kfp¡hf b„^_p¡ rigpÞepk ` A¡r`°g 1961_p fp¡S> sÐL$prg_ hX$pâ^p_ S>hplfgpg _l¡ê$A¡ L$ep£

lsp¡.

-_d®v$p S>m rhhpv$ `„Q_u fQ_p B.k. 1969dp„ \B

-_d®v$p r_e„ÓZ Ap¡\p¡qfV$u_u fQ_p B.k. 1980dp„ _d®v$p S>m rhhpv$ Þepepr^L$fZ_u cgpdZ `f \B.

-B.k. 1987dp„ kfv$pf kfp¡hf_p dy¿e b„^_y„ L$pe® iê$ \ey.

-B.k. 1988dp„ cpfs_p Apep¡S>_ `„Q Üpfp âp¡S>¡L$V$_p fp¡L$pZ_u bpbsdp„ d„S|>fu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

-B.k. 1994dp„ _d®v$p bQphp¡ Ap„v$p¡g_L$pfuAp¡A¡ ep¡S>_p rhê$Â^ kyâud L$p¡V®$dp„ AfÆ L$fu

-B.k. 2000dp„ b„^_u JQpB 90 duV$f \B

-B.k. 2004dp„ b„^_u JQpB 110.64 duV$f \B

-B.k. 2006dp„ b„^_u JQpB 121.92 duV$f \B lsu.

NyS>fps kfL$pf Üpfp B.k. 2006dp„ âpf„c \e¡gu A_¡ S>¡_u iê$Aps sÐL$pgu_ fpô2`rs A¡.`u.S>¡.

Aåvy$g L$gpd¡ L$f¡gu s¡hu "Äep¡rs N°pd ep¡S>_p' lh¡ k„`|Z® cpfs v$¡idp„ gpN| L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. S>¡_u

Op¡jZp L$¡[ÞÖe L$p¡gkp, rhS>mu A_¡ Ane DÅ® d„Óu `ue|j Np¡eg Üpfp 6 S|>_¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap

ep¡S>_p N°pduZ rhõspfp¡dp„ 24 L$gpL$ kõsu A_¡ kygc rhS>mu D`gåc L$fphhp dpV$¡ k„b„r^s R>¡.

àNyS>fps rh^p_kcp_p bS>¡V$kÓ_p A„rsd qv$hkp¡dp„ fpS>e_p¡ 11dp¡ h_ dlp¡Ðkh

g¡Dhp `V$¡g kdpS>_p Apõ\p_p L$¡ÞÖ A¡hp Mp¡X$g^pd-L$pNhX$ Mps¡ ep¡Åi¡.

à AÐepf ky^u_p ep¡Åe¡gp h_ dlp¡Ðkh

à â\d - `yr_sh_ (Np„^u_Nf)

à buÅ¡ - su\®L$fh_ (spf„Np)

à ÓuÅ¡ - dp„Nëe (A„bpÆ)

à Qp¡\p¡ - lqflf (kp¡d_p\)

à `p„Qdp¡ - cqL$sh_ (Qp¡qV$gp)

à R>Ì$p¡ : íepdg (ipdmpÆ)

à kpsdp¡ : `phL$h_ (`pguspZp)

à ApW$dp¡ - rhfpks (`phpNY$)

à _hdp¡ - Np¡thv$Nyê$ (dp_NY$)

à v$kdp¡ - _pN¡ih_ (ÜpfL$p-_pN¡ðf)

`p¡qgk v$mdp„ 33 % drlgp

A_pds gpNy L$f_pf NyS>fps

â\d fpS>e bÞey

v$¡idp„ drlgp kiqL$sL$fZ A_¡ kdpS> DÐ\p__u QQp®Ap¡

dp¡V$p âdpZdp„ \B flu R>¡. L$¡V$gpe¡ fpS>ep¡dp„ drlgpAp¡ kpd¡_p

A`fp^p¡ Qfdkudp `f R>¡. Ap„sffpô2$ue drlgp qv$hk r_rds¡

M|b S> kyauepZu hpsp¡ \pe R>¡. `f„sy _L$L$f L$pe® L$p¡_¡ L$l¡hpe s¡

Å¡hp NyS>fps sfa _Tf _pMhu Å¡BA¡.

NyS>fps_p â\d drlgp dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ f4

S|>_¡ A¡L$ dlÐh`|Z® r_Z®e Üpfp kpQp A\®dp„ drlgp

kirL$sL$fZ L$fu bspìey R¡. s¡dZ¡ fpS>e_p `p¡qgkvmdp„

dqlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ 33 % A_pds_u Op¡jZp s¡d_p 100

qv$hk_p A¡S>ÞX$p_p rlõkp v$fqdep_ L$fu lsu. lh¡ `R>u_u

`p¡qgk v$m_u v$f¡L$ k„hN®_u cfsudp„ drlgpAp¡_¡ $$33 % ApfnZ âpá \i¡. Ap kp\¡

NyS>fps fpS>e `p¡rgkv$mdp„ drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ 33 % ApfnZ gpNy L$f_pf v$¡i_„y â\d fpS>e

b_u Ney R>¡.

NyS>fps `p¡rgkdp„ drlgpAp¡_u k„¿ep

hs®dp_ kde¡ NyS>fps fpS>edp„ Apif¡ f`00 S>¡V$gp drlgp `p¡qgk L$d®Qpfu R>¡. fpS>e

Üpfp ApNpdu kdedp„ `p¡rgk v$mdp„ 60,000 S>¡V$gu cfsu_¡ guguT„X$u v$ip®hhpdp„

Aphu flu R>¡. Ap cfsu kam \i¡ sp¡ fpS>edp„ drlgp `p¡qgk_u k„¿ep 19,800 S>¡V$gu

\B S>i¡.

åe|fp¡ Ap ̧a `p¡qgk qfkQ® A¡ÞX$ X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ A_ykpf hs®dp_dp„ cpfsdp„ Ly$g `p¡qgk

ndsp 1`.8` gpM `¥L$u drlgpAp¡_u k„¿ep dpÓ 84,479 S>¡V$gu R>¡, S>¡ Apif¡ ` %

S>¡V$gu \pe R>¡.

kp¥\u h^y drlgp `p¡rgk L$d®Qpfu ^fphsp fpS>e

(1) dlpfpô2$ : f0,06f

(f) srdg_pXy$ : 10,118

(3) qv$ëlu : `,3`6

kp¥\u Ap¡R>u drlgp `p¡qgk L$d®Qpfu ^fphsp fpS>e

(1) DÑfâv$¡i : f,`86

(f) dÂeâv$¡i : 3,010

NyS>fpsdp„ lh¡ g¡X$u v$b„N _d®v$p r_e„ÓZ Ap¡\p¡qfV$u Üpfp kfv$pf kfp¡hf

b„^_u JQpB h^pfhp dpV$¡ d„S|>fu

hs®dp_ kde¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$ Bd¡qT„N s¡dS> g¡V$¡õV$ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p Ap^pf¡ lhpdp__u

ApNpluAp¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphsu lp¡e R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, s¡_p L$fsp NyS>fps_p L©$rjL$pfp¡ ApS>¡ `Z

`f„`fpNs fusp¡ S>¡hu L$¡, cX$gu hpL$e, ApL$piv$i®_, h_õ`rs A_¡ `nu-`°pZu_p gnZp¡

(V$uV$p¡X$u_p HX$p), N°l-_nÓ, lp¡guL$p v$l_ kde¡ `h__u qv$ip S>¡hu âpQu_ fusp¡

hfkpv$_p hsp®fp dpV$¡ kQp¡V$ kpbus \su bpbsp¡ `f qhðpk ^fph¡ R>¡.

M¡X|$sp¡_¡ Ap `f„`fpNs `Â^rs_p Ap^pf¡ hfkpv$_u ApNplu_u dprlsu dmu fl¡ A_¡

hfkpv$_p hsp®fp_y„ `f„`fpNs op_ S>mhpB fl¡ s¡ dpV$¡ S|>_pNY$ L©$rj e|r_hrk®V$uA¡ âepkp¡

iê$ L$ep® R>¡. hfkpv$u rhop_ dpV$¡ Ad|ëe L$lu iL$pe s¡hy `yõsL$ "d¡Odpmp' lh¡ h¡bkpBV$

`f dyL$pi¡. S>¡\u fk ^fph_pfpAp¡ s¡_¡ Ap¡_gpB_ `Z hp„Qu iL$i¡.

NyS>fps fpS>edp„ `f„`fpNs op__p Ap^pf¡ hfkpv$_u ApNplu L$fsp 6` gp¡L$p¡ R>¡.

s¡d_p op__p¡ gpc dm¡ s¡ dpV$¡ ârshj® hL®$ip¡` ep¡Æ_¡ s¡d_u ApNplu L$¡V$gu kpQu `X$u

s¡_„y rhïg¡jZ `Z \pe R>¡.

hjp® rhop__y

„

`yõsL$ "d

¡

Odpmp' lh

¡

h

¡

bkpBV$ `f L$ÃR>u gp¡L$k„Nus_¡ `pòps k„Nus_p Ap3⁄4$dZ kpd¡ V$L$phu fpMhp A_¡ Ap gp¡L$k„Nus `f

Ap^pf fpMu_¡ `p¡sp_u ApÆrhL$p d¡mhsp L$gpL$pfp¡_u Apr\®L$ `qf[õ\rs_¡ ky^pfhp L$ÃR> drlgp

rhL$pk k„NW$_¡ `X$L$pf Ægu_¡ L$ÃR>u k„Nus_¡ rkX$u-Apëbd ê$`¡ s¥epf L$fu gpBb°¡fudp„ dyL$hpdp„

Aphi¡. Ap gpBb°¡fu_¡ "k„Nus Å¡ k„S>¡fp¡' _pd âv$p_ \ey R>¡.

NyS>fps fpÄedp„ fp¡S>Npfu_p Acphdp„ Æhsp dpÓ Qpf L$gpL$pfp¡ S> L$ÃR>u gp¡L$k„Nus_p

hpÛp¡ NpB hNpX$u iL$¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ Ap k„Nus_u Ad|ëe ^fp¡lf_¡ bQphhp Aknd S>Zpsp L$ÃR>

drlgp rhL$pk k„NW$_¡ L$ÃR>_p L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ A¡L$ d„Q âv$p_ L$fu_¡ "kyfhpZu' _pd_u k„õ\p b_phu

R>¡. s¡dS> Ap k„õ\p Üpfp A¡L$ L$p ̧çeyr_V$u f¡qX$ep¡ `Z Qgphpe R>¡, S>¡dp L$ÃR>u gp¡L$Nus-k„Nus fS|>

\pe R>¡. k„õ\p_p âepkp¡_¡ rg^¡ L$ÃR>_p 500 S>¡V$gp L$gpL$pfp¡ A¡L$ d„Q `f Apìep R>¡. "kyfhpZu'

k„õ\pA¡ L$ÃR>u k„Nus_u ÅmhZu dpV$¡ Ad¡qfL$_ õV$X$u qfkQ® Ap ̧a BqÞõV$V$1e|V$, qv$ëlu kp\¡

dmu_¡ f¡L$p¡qX„$N iê$ L$ey® R>¡.

Ø L$ÃR>u L$gpL$pfp¡ L$ÃR>dp„ Qpf Npdp¡ hÃQ¡ k„NusfpeZ(d¡mphX$p¡) ep¡S>¡ R>¡. s¡dS> dy„bB,

rv$ëlu, L$p¡gL$Ñp s\p rhv$¡ip¡dp„ `Z `p¡sp_u L$gp fS|> L$fu füp R>¡.

Ø L$ÃR>u k„Nus_p Ly$g 40 âL$pf R>¡.

"k„Nus Å¡ k„S>¡fp¡'-L$ÃR>u k„Nus_u gpBb°¡fu

l¡çbN® Mps¡_u S>d®_ `k®_g L$¡Af âdyM buek®X$p¡a®_u dprgL$u ^fphsu h¥[ðL$

kp¦v$e® b°p„X$ _urhep Üpfp cpfsdp„ `p¡sp_p¡ â\d r_dp®Z àgp„V$ NyS>fps_p kpZ„v$

Mps¡ õ\p`hp_u Op¡jZp f3 S|>_¡ \B lsu. hj® f01`\u iê$ \hp_u Apip ^fphsp¡

Ap àgp„V$ 1000 L$fp¡X$_p fp¡L$pZ kp\¡ 7f,000 hN® ayV$ n¡Ódp„ õ\pr`s \i¡.

""Ap c|gL$p cZu_¡ L$fi¡ QdÐL$pf

\i¡ Qpf¡ L$p¡f DÅ®_p¡ _hk„Qpf''

bpmL$p¡_p Dˆ$hm crhóe dpV$¡ ipmp âh¡ip¡Ðkh-f014

NyS>fps kfL$pf Üpfp N°pçe rhõspfdp„ 1f-13-14 S|>_,

f014 A_¡ il¡fu rhõspf dpV$¡ 19-f0-f1 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S>

ep¡ÅB Nep¡.

ipmp âh¡i DÐkh_u rkÂ^uAp¡ :

- 99% L$fsp h^y bpmL$p¡_y _pdp„L$_

- ^p¡fZ 1 \u ` X2$p¡` ApDV$ f¡V$ f0.`0 % \u OV$u_¡ 2.00 %

\ep¡.

- ^p¡fZ 1 \u 7 _p¡ X2$p¡` ApDV$ f¡V$ 37.ff % \u OV$u_¡ 6.91 % \ep¡.

- kpnfsp v$f 69.14 % (f001) \u h^u 79.31 % (f011) \ep¡.

- 17f.34 L$fp¡X$_p rhÛpgÿdu bp¡ÞX$ 1`,11,f60 rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ A¡_pes \ep.

- fpS>e_u sdpd âp\rdL$ ipmpAp¡ âp\rdL$ kyrh^p\u kˆ$ b_u

ipmp âh¡ip¡Ðkh-f014

NyS>fps kfL$pf_u "Äep¡rs N°pd ep¡S>_p' lh¡ `|Z® v$¡idp„ gpN| L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡

11dp

¡ "h_ dlp

¡

Ðkh' Mp

¡

X$g^pddp

„

ep

¡Åi¡

_urhep NyS>fps_p kpZ„v$dp„

`p¡sp_p¡ â\d àgp„V$ õ\p`i¡

Page 36 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 27

_pLkp_$g

y

„

k

„

ip

p¡^_-

-Ak¡

ÞV$pL®$q

„

õV$L$pdLp

„

`©$r

©

Õhsu `f_y

„

kp

¥\u W

„$Xy$ sp`dp_ -93.f qX$N°u

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep A_¡ qaqg`pBÞk_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ q_L$g ^psy Mp_pf h©n_u dprlsu d¡mhu R>¡. Ap h©n raqg`pBÞk_p gykp¡_

V$p`y `f QË$p_u rhõspfp¡dp„ Mpgu `X$¡gp d¡v$p_dp„ Å¡hp dýey R>¡. Ap n¡Ó_u dpV$udp„ cpf¡ ^psyAp¡_u Ar^L$sp R>¡. S>¡_y _pd

rf_pf¡ep r_L$L$pgua¡fp R>¡.

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a ragu`pBÞk-gp¡k b¡_p¡k A_ykpf 1.` \u 1.8 duV$f JQp Ap h©ndp„ A¡L$ k¡ÞV$uduV$f\u Ap¡R>p dp¡V$p am

gpN¡ R>¡. S>¡_p `p_dp„ r_L$g_u dpÓp kpdpÞe fus¡ `p_dp„ Å¡hp dmsu dpÓp L$fsp lÅf NZu h^y R>¡.

d¡gbp¡_® e|r_hrk®V$udp„ h¥opr_L$p¡ A_ykpf qf_pqfep r_L$L$pgua¡fp_u S>¡d R>p¡X$ dpV$udp„ dmsu ^psyAp¡\u kapB L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

rhi¡jop¡_p S>Zpìep dyS>b Ap h©n_¡ AÞeÓ DNpX$hpdp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$u bp^p A¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡ buÅ `ep®hfZ A_¡ hpspfZdp„ rhL$qks

\B iL$sp _\u.

â¡fZp`pB_p âep¡Np¡

lh¡ A„sqfndp„-

_pkp_u d„S|>fu

L$e|åk B_ õ`¡k âp¡N°pd A¡V$g¡ iy„ ?

dpÓ 11 hj®_u he ^fphsu A_¡ kpsdp ^p¡fZdp„ Aæepk

L$fsu cpfsue d|m_u A_¡ k„2eyL$s Afb Adufps_p ipfÅl Mps¡

hkhpV$ ^fphsu rhÛp\}_u â¡fZp `pB_p b¡ âep¡N (1) V|$ qõV$L$

A_¡ _p¡V$ V|$ qõV$L$ (f) V$pBd A¡ÞX$ â¡if _pkp_p L$e|åk B_ õ`¡k

(ku.ApB.A¡k.) âp¡N°pd A„sN®s A„sqfndp„ dp¡L$ghp dpV$¡ _pkp

Üpfp d„S|>fu âv$p_ \B R>¡.

â\d âep¡N

hpey d„X$gue v$bph_u N¡fS>lpS>fudp„ A„sqfndp„ rQ`L$u S>su

rhrcÞ_ hõsyAp¡_p ìehlpf L$fhp_u k„cph_p rhj¡ R>¡.

buÅ¡ âep¡N

b¡ _p_u bp¡V$g S>¡dp„ A¡L$ bp¡V$g L$pQ_u A_¡ A¡L$ bp¡V$g

àgpqõV$L$_u R>¡. Ap bp¡V$gp¡_¡ dpV$u_p L$p¡L®$\u b„^ L$fu_¡ A¡L$ L$e|bdp„

fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

âep¡Np¡_u A„sqfn epÓp

D`fp¡L$s b„¡ âep¡NpÐdL$ A„sqfn D`L$fZ `k„v$Nu_p 100

âep¡Np¡ `¥L$u_p R>¡, S>¡_¡ f6 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> A¡S>Þku_p h¡gp¡àk

agpBV$ kyrh^p_p kpDqX„$N fp¡L$¡V$ Üpfp A„sqfndp„ dp¡L$ghpdp„

Apìep. `k„v$ \e¡gp 100 âep¡Np¡ `¥L$u 7` âep¡N Ad¡qfL$u

rhÛp\}Ap¡ A_¡ bpL$u_p f` âep¡N vy$r_ep_p AÞe v$¡ip¡_p

rhÛp\}Ap¡_p R>¡.

_pkp Üpfp s¡_p¡ Ap âp¡N°pd ê$rbL$ gr_ ̄N Br_riA¡qV$h

ApBX|$X$g kp¡aV$h¡f A_¡ L$p¡gp¡fpX$p¡ õ`¡k N°p„V$ L„$kp¡qV®$ed_p fp ̧L$k¡V$-

ku âp¡N°pd kp\¡ dmu_¡ d¡ f014dp„ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡

õL|$g rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ A¡k.V$u.B.A¡d. âep¡Np¡_¡ A„sqfndp„ L$¡hu fus¡

ân¡r`s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, s¡ bpbs riMhsp¡ A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue

i¥nrZL$ âp¡N°pd R>¡.

A¡k.V$u.B.A¡d. rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ, A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N A_¡

NrZs rhje_¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. âp¡N°pddp„ vy$r_ep_p M|Z¡ M|Z¡\u 11 \u

14 hj®_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ `°pep¡rNL$ A„sqfn D`L$fZ (àg¡gp ̧X$1k)_¡

Apd„qÓs L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

r_L$g ^psy Apfp¡N_pf h©n_u ip¡^ \B

B.k. 1958dp„ cp¥rsL$ip÷_y„ _p¡b¡g âpBT rhS>¡sp \_pf A_¡ f¡qX$A¡i_ k„ip¡^_dp„ `p¡sp_y„ kdN° Æh_ A`®Z L$f_pf

frie_ h¥opr_L$ `p¡h¡g Q¡f„L$p¡a¡_p _pd `f\u "d¡S>f A¡V$dp¡[õaeqf Q¡f„L$p¡a A¡1⁄4k`fud¡ÞV ' _pd ^fphsy rhð_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$

Npdp f¡ V$¡rgõL$p¡` gv«pM _ÆL$_p dpÓ 300 gp¡L$p¡_u hksu ^fphsp lp_g¡ Npd `pk¡ ApNpdu hj® 2015 ky^udp„ r_dp®Z

`pdu_¡ hj® 2016dp„ L$pe®fs \B S>i¡.

Ap V$¡rgõL$p¡` l¥v$fpbpv Mps¡_u Bg¡L$V2$uL L$p ̧`p£f¡i_ Ap ̧a$$BqÞX$ep rgrdV$¡X$¡ cpcp A¡V$rdL$ qfkQ® k¡ÞV$f dpV$¡ b_pìey R>¡.

è V$¡rgõL$p¡`_u qX$TpB_ s¥epf L$fsp 25 BS>_¡fp¡_¡ 4 hj® gpÁep lsp.

è 15,000 ayV$_u JQpBA¡ r_dp®Z \_pf Ap V$¡rgõL$p¡`_u JQpB 45 duV$f li¡. s¡_p¡ ìepk 70 ayV$ R>¡.

è V$¡rgõL$p¡`_p AqfkpAp¡ rlfpdp„\u b_phpep R>¡.

è V$¡rgõL$p¡` kp¥f DÅ® k„Qprgs R>¡.

è Ly$g MQ® 45 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

è Ap V$¡rgõL$p¡` L$fsp `Z dp¡Vy$ V$¡rgõL$p¡` _prdrbep_p fZdp„ Aph¡gy R>¡, `f„sy s¡ S>du_dp„ Mpõky A¡hy r_Q¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

Äepf¡ gv«pM_y„ V$¡rgõL$p¡` M|b S> JQpB `f Aph¡gy R>¡.

gv«pM_p lp_g

¡

dp

„ rhð_y

„

kp

¥\u dp

¡Vy$ Npdp f¡ V$¡rgõL$p

¡

`

rlfp rhjeL$

Ø rlfp¡ fpkperZL$ ê$`¡ L$pb®__y„ iyÂ^sd ê$` R>¡, S>¡ vy$r_ep_y„ A¡L$ blyd|ëe

fÐ_ R>¡. rlfpdp„ âÐe¡L$ `fdpÏ Qpf AÞe L$pb®_ `fdpÏAp¡ kp\¡ kl- k„ep¡S>_ b„^ Üpfp Ap`kdp„ Å¡X$pe¡gp lp¡e R>¡. L$pb®_ `fdpÏAp¡_p

bplfu L$ndp„ D`qõ\s v$f¡L$ Qpf¡ Bg¡L$V2$p¡_ kl k„ep¡S>_ b„^dp„ cpN g¡ R>¡.

s¡dS> A¡L$`Z Bg¡L$V2$p¡_ õhs„Ó _\u lp¡sp¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ rlfp¡ Dódp s\p

rhÛys_y„ hplL$ lp¡e R>¡. rlfpdp„ v$f¡L$ L$pb®_ `fdpÏ M|b S> iqL$sipmu

kl-k„ep¡Æ b„^_\u Å¡X$pe¡gp lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ M|b S> kMs lp¡e R>¡.

Ø rlfp¡ âpL©$rsL$ `v$p\p£dp„ kp¥\u L$W$p¡f `v$p\® R>¡. S>¡_u L$W$p¡fsp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_p

âep¡N L$¡V$gpe¡ DÛp¡Np¡ A_¡ Apc|jZp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. iyÂ^ rlfp¡ ka¡v$

lp¡e R>¡. S>epf¡ AiyÂ^ rlfp¡ c|fp¡, gpg, _pf„Nu, `ump¡, gugp¡ A_¡ L$pmp¡

lp¡e R>¡. gugp¡ lufp¡ M|b S> vy$g®c R>¡.

Ø rlfp_¡ ANf Ap¡h_dp„ 763 qX$N°u k¡[ëkek `f Nfd L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ s¡

bmu_¡ L$pb®_ X$pep¡L$kpBX$ b_u Åe R>¡. s¡_p¡ L$p¡B Ahi¡j bQsp¡ _\u.

Ø kMs lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ rlfp_p¡ D`ep¡N L$pQ L$p`hp s\p QË$p_p¡dp„ R>¡v$ L$fhp

dpV$¡ `Z \pe R>¡.

vyr_ep_p¡ kp¥\u dS>b|s rk„\¡qV$L$ rlfp

¡

Qu_ Mps¡_u ep_ip_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p

h¥opr_L$ ep¢NSy>N rsAp_ A_¡ L$hp_ lyAp„N

Üpfp k„eyL$s ê$`¡ vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥\u dS>b|s

tk\¡qV$L$ rlfp¡ b_phhp_u Op¡jZp ff S|>_¡ \B

lsu. Ap rlfp¡ âpL©$rsL$ qlfp L$fsp h^y

dS>b|s R>¡.

tk\¡qV$L$ rlfp¡ b_phhpdp„ Xy„Nmu S>¡hp

õsfp¡ (`X$) ^fphsp L$pb®__p _p_p L$Zp¡_¡

D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap L$Zp¡_¡

DÃQ sp`dp_ A_¡ DÃQ v$bpZdp„ fpMhpdp„

Apìep lsp. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap tk\¡qV$L$ rlfp_¡

A¡hu Av$1c|s k„fQ_p dmu L$¡ s¡ h^ydp„ h^y

sp`dp__p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp knd b_u Nep¡,

S>epf¡ âpL©$rsL$ rlfp¡ h^y sp`dp_dp„ L$pb®_

X$pBAp¡L$kpBX A_¡ dp¡_p¡L$kpBX$dp„

`qfhrs®s \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_p Ak„¿e

NyZ Mp¡B b¡k¡ R>¡.

ØAd¡qfL$p_u k¡du L„$X$L$V$f rQ` d¡L$f L„$`_u HV$¡g¡

"L$p¡f A¡d' âp¡k¡kf 3 S|>__p fp¡S> gp¢Q L$ey® R>¡. Ap

âp¡k¡kf HV$¡g_p Brslpkdp„ khp®r^L$ A¡_Æ®

A¡aurie„V$ `°p ̧k¡kf R>¡. S>¡ a¥_g¡k bpX®$h¡g rQ`dp„

gNphu iL$pe R>¡.

Ø "L$p¡f A¡d'_y„ hS>_ 670 N°pd R>¡. A_¡ s¡ 7.f

A¡d.A¡d. `psmy R>¡. 14 _¡_p¡duV$f_y„ Ap

âp¡k¡kf g¡`V$p¡` A_¡ V$¡bg¡V$ b„_¡dp„ D`ep¡N

L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

Ø L$p ̧f.A¡d.T¡X$.X$u. _¡V$ (T¡X$.X$u.) `p„Q NuNp

lV®$k_u L$pe®ndsp D`gå^ L$fphhp knd R>¡.

Ø HV$¡g Üpfp L$p¡f ApB 7 qQ` `Z gp¢Q L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡. s¡_y„ L$p¡X$ _pd X$¡rhëk L$¥r_e_ R>¡. s¡

Qpf (4) NuNp lV®$k_u qäL$hÞku `f L$pe® L$fu

iL$¡ R>¡.

HV$¡g Üpfp 14

_¡_p¡duV$f_y„ "L$p¡f

A¡d' âp¡k¡kf gp¢Q

\ey

- kp¥\u `l¡gp MpÛ `v$p\p£ A_¡ kp¦v$e® âkp^_p¡dp„ D`ep¡N \sp kpdpÞe rdîZ V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_u AgN AgN dpÓp_¡

dpV$u_u V$pBëkp¡ `f gNphu lsu. bpv$dp„ V$pBëkp¡_¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ Üpfp gpL$X$u, V$¡agp¡_ A_¡ `u.hu.ku. `pBq`„N\u b_phpe¡g g^y hpey

d„X$gue L$ndp„ fpMu v$¡hpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap L$n_¡ _pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$_p ÷p¡s A_¡ s¡_p õsf_¡ dp`_pf e„Ó kp\¡ Å¡X$hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

- bpv$dp„ s¡_¡ k|e® âL$pi_¡ A_yê$` b_phhp dpV$¡ `pfÅ„bgu qL$fZp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu_¡ V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_¡ kq3⁄4$e b_phu_¡

_pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$_¡ Msd L$ep£ lsp¡. âep¡N v$frdep_ ÅZhp dýey L$¡ V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_y„ `X$ ^fphsu V$pBëkp¡A¡ 97 %

_pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$ `¥L$u 88 % _¡ vy$f L$ep£ lsp¡.

- âep¡N v$frdep_ A¡hu bpbs `Z kpd¡ Aphu lsu L$¡, AgN AgN dpÓp L$¡ 1f NZu h^y Ar^L$ V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_y„ `X$

QX$phhp `f `Z _pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$_¡ vy$f L$fhp dpV$¡ h^y saphs S>Zpep¡ _ lsp¡.

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a L$¡rgap¡r_®ep_u k„ip¡^_ V$ud¡ hpey âvy$jZ_¡ AV$L$phu iL$¡ s¡hu V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$\u V$pBëk rhL$rks

L$fhpdp„ kamsp d¡mhu R>¡. V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_y„ qdîZ ^fphsy `X$ R>s `f gNphhpdp„ Aphi¡ s¡ Apk`pk_u lhp_¡ õhÃR> b_phu

v$¡i¡. Ap âL$pf_p `X$_¡ `p¡sp_u R>s `f gNphhp dpV$¡ h`fpiL$sp®A¡ h^y MQ® `Z _lu L$fhp¡ `X$¡ dpÓ ` Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf (300 ê$q`ep)dp„ s¡

s¥epf \B S>i¡.

V$pBëk rhjeL$ :

Ø kf¡fpi ApL$pf ^fphsu fl¡ZpL$u R>s `f Ap V$pBëk_y„ `X$ gNphhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡L$ L$pf Üpfp Apif¡ 17,703 qL$gp¡duV$f Qgpìep bpv$

r_L$msp ârshj® _pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX \u `¡v$p \sp õdp¡N (^y„^) _¡ vy$f L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ dmi¡.

Ø k„ip¡^_L$sp®Ap¡A¡ NZsfu L$fu lsu L$¡, V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_p rdîZ_¡ A¡L$ rdrge_ R>s `f gNphhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ s¡_p\u fp¡S> f1

V$_ S>¡V$gp¡ _pBV2$p¡S>_ Ap ̧L$kpBX$ Ap¡R>p¡ L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

Ø _pBV2$p¡S>_ X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$ DÃQ sp`dp_¡ Ad|L$ H^Zp¡_p bmhp_p L$pfZ¡ `¡v$p \pe R>¡. Ðepfbpv$ k|e® âL$pidp„ bpó`iug L$pb®r_L$

ep¡rNL$p¡ kp\¡ ârsq3⁄4$ep L$fu_¡ õdp¡N (^y„^) b_¡ R>¡.

hpey âvy$jZ fp¡L$hp _hu V$pBV$¡r_ed X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$ V$pBëk rhL$rks \B

rhL$rks âq3⁄4$ep rhjeL$ :

36

Page 37 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 27

_B.k. pLk197p_1

$

\

g

y

„

u f0k0`

„

ik^u c yp

p¡^pfsu _-

e

-

chA|k

¥opr

¡

Þ_LV$ k$phL£nZ

®$q

„

õ

dVp„ `¡i¡h $L$pfd c|r

Lph

„

o`p_u A_¡ ©$r

©

Õhs

hj® u f0`06 \f_u f0y

„

1f kky^u f p

¥\pô2$uueW

„$Xy$ sp`dp_ -93.f qX$N°u

A¢V$pL®$qV$L$ A_ d¡ lpkpNf A_ky „^p_ L$Þ¡ Ö_p q_v$£iL$ fl¡gp cpfsue h¥opr_L$ frkL$ frhÞÖ_¡ 1f S|>__p fpS¡ > Þee| pL® ¡ $ (Ad¡qfL$p)

Mps¡ kdyÖ_p L$p_|_ `f õV$V¡ $ `pV$}Ap_p f4 ¡ dp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$ kd¡ „ g_ v$frdep_ e.| A¡_. L$rdi_ Ap_ ̧ ^ rgrdV$1k Ap ̧a L$p¡qÞV$_¢V$g

i¡ëa (e.A¡_. | ku.Ag.k ¡ u.A¡k.)_p kv$õe sfuL$¡ 111 S>¡V$gp kv$õep¡A¡ `k„v$L$ep® lsp. sd¡ _u `k„v$Nu Ap õ\p_ `f\u ab¡ °yApfu

f014dp„ fpÆ_pdy Ap`_pf cpfsue h¥opr_L$ fpS>_ rihfpd L©$óZ__p õ\p_ ¡ \B R>.¡

sAp¡ S ¡ >çd-| L$píduf e|r_hrkV® $udp„\u õ_psL$ \ep R>.¡ sd_¡ c|r ¡ hop__p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p n¡Óp¡_p ¡ blp¡mp¡ A_|ch R>. S> ¡ ¡dp „ A¢V$pL®$qV$L$p,

cV| $p_ A_¡ cpfs_p rhõspfpdp„ cyN ¡ c}e s`pk `Z kpd¡g R>¡. s¡dZ¡ ApL®$qV$L$ A_¡ AV¢ $pL®$qV$L$p_p ^°yhue n¡Óp¡dp„ S>mhpe `y rfhs_ ®

ki„ p^__y„ _¡s©Ð ¡ h L$e® ly s.y

frkL$ frhÞÖ_¡ hj® 1990dp„ fpô2$ue M_uS> `yfõL$pf, hj f01 ® 3dp„ `p¡gf kpeÞk A¡ÞX$ 3⁄4$pepõ¡ X2$e¡ f dpV$¡ fpô2$ue `yfõL$pf âpá

\ep > ¡ R¡.

e|.A¡_.ku.A¡g.ku.A¡k.dp„ cpfsue h¥opr_L$ frkL$ frhÞÖ

frkL$ frhÞÖ :

L$rdi_ Ap ̧a ^ rgrdV$1k Ap ̧a L$p¡qÞV$_¢V$g i¡ëa :

s¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_y„ f1 kv$õe ^fphsy A¡L$ A¡L$d R>¡, S>¡_¡

v$¡ip¡_¡ _hp kdyÖu n¡Óp¡ âv$p_ L$fhp_u iqL$s R>¡. kv$õep¡_u

Q|„V$Zu `p„Q hj® dpV$¡ õV$¡V$ `pV$}Ap¡ Üpfp `p¡sp_p v$¡i_p

_pNqfL$p¡dp„\u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap kv$õep¡ c|rhop_,

c|cp¥rsL$u, S>mfpiu rhop_ S>¡hp n¡Óp¡_p A_|chu r_óZp„s

lp¡e R>¡.

Ap L$rdi__p¡ l¡sy b¡TgpB_\u f00 kdyÖu dpBg_¡ `pf

dlpqÜ`ue i¡ëa_u õ\p`_p L$fu_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ kdyÖ L$p_|_

L$Þh¡i__y„ L$pep®hl_ L$fhp_y R>¡. L$Þh¡i_ A„sN®s sV$ue fpô2$

`p¡sp_u kdyÖu i¡ëa_u bplfu kudp_u õ\p`_p S>ep„ s¡Ap¡ f00

A¡d.L$¡. `pf lp¡e Apep¡N_u cgpdZ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap kudpAp¡

k„b„r^s dpdgpAp¡ `f sV$ue fpS>ep¡_u cgpdZ L$f¡ R>¡.

ApB.ApB.V$u. bu.A¡Q.e|.hpfpZku_p fkpeZ rhcpN_p

h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ a¡akp_y„ L$¡Þkf fp¡L$hp dpV$¡ dv$v$Npf \B iL$¡ s¡hp

"d¥\_p¡V2$pàk' A_¡ "X$pBÅ¡V2$pBk' _pd_p b¡$V$¡fuep_u ip¡^ L$ep®_u

Op¡jZp S|>_-f014dp„ \B lsu.

Op¡jZp A_ykpf dpV$udp„ Ad|L$ A¡hp b¡L$V$¡qfep ip¡^hpdp„

Apìep R>¡ L$¡, S>¡ lhpdp„ a¡gpsp L$¡Þkf S>_L$$ fkperZL$ L$Zp¡_¡

ip¡ju g¡hp dpV$¡ knd R>¡. `¡BÞV$_p L$pfMp_p, hpl_p¡_p Qpghp

rhN¡f¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ DÐkÆ®s \B_¡ hpsphfZdp„ a¡gpsp "h¡gpV$pBg

Ap¡N£q_L$ L„`pJX$' _p L$Z a¡akp_p L$¡Þkf dpV$¡ S>hpbv$pf

dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ b¡L$V$¡qfep_u k„¿ep h^pfhp dpV$¡ L$p¡gkp¡,

L„$ç`p¡õV$, `p¡rgrd_pBg ApëL$p¡lp¡g, hp„k_p Vy$L$X$p, _pfue¡mu_p

`p_, `p¡V$¡ried _pBV2$¡V$$ s\p AÞe L$¡V$guL$ QuÅ¡_p klep¡N\u

"bpep¡rfA¡L$V$f' rhL$qks L$ey® lsy. S>¡dp\u L$pfMp_p s\p

hpl_p¡dp„\u r_L$msp N¡k_¡ `kpf L$fphhpdp„ Aphsp s¡ b¡L$V$¡qfep

N¡kdp„ dp¡Sy>v$ "V2$pB L$gp¡fp¡Br\rg_' _pd_p A¡ L$Z_¡ _ô$ L$fsy

lsy S>¡_u k|ÿd dpÓp (`(`p„Q) `u.`u.A¡d.) `Z L$¡Þkf fp¡N

a¡gphu iL$¡ R>¡.

a¡akp_p L$¡Þkf_¡

fp¡L$hp dv$v$Npf

b¡L$V$¡fuep_u ip¡^ \B

L$p¡qfep_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ 1 S|>__p fp¡S> `©Õhu `f kp¥\u s¡S>

TX$`¡ v$p¡X$sp ìeqL$s Dk¡_ bp¡ëV$ L$fsp h^y s¡T TX$`¡ v$p¡X$sp

fp ̧bp¡V$ f¡àV$f_¡ rhL$rks L$ep£ R>¡. fp ̧bp¡V$_¡ L$p¡qfep_p rhop_ A_¡

V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ A¡X$hp„õX$ BqÞõV$V$1e|V$dp„ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

Å¡ L$¡, Ap fp ̧bp¡V$ V2$¡X$rdg `f S> Qpgu iL$¡ R>¡. 46 qL$gp¡duV$f ârs

L$gpL$ L$¡ f8 dpBg_u Nrs\u v$p¡X$hp knd Ap fp¡bp¡V$ Ap¡g„qç`L$

v$p¡X$huf Dk¡_ bp¡ëV$_u 44.7 qL$gp¡duV$f ârs L$gpL$ L$¡ f7.44

dpBg ârs L$gpL$_u syg_pA¡ M|b S> s¡T v$p¡X$¡ R>¡.

Ø fp¡bp¡V$_p `N L$pb®_ apBbf_u L©$qÓd åg¡X$\u b_¡gp R>¡ A_¡

`„yR>dp„ e„Ó gpN¡gy R>¡.

Ø f¡àV$f qL$gp¡N°pd_u kO_ diu_ R>¡. S>¡_p `N lmhu

k„rdrîs kpdN°u\u b_¡gp R>¡.

Ø f¡àV$f_u `|„R> s¡_¡ k„syrgs fpMhpdp„ dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡, f¡àV$f_¡

qõ\f fpMhp dpV$¡ `|„R>_¡ ApNm `pR>m gB S>B iL$pe R>¡.

s¡dS> `|„R>_p¡ D`ep¡N rhÂ_p¡ `pf L$fhp `Z L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

L$p¡qfep_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ Dk¥_

bp¡ëV$ L$fsp `Z h^y TX$`¡ v$p¡X$sp

fp ̧bp¡V$ f¡àV$f rhL$rks L$ep£

fp ̧bp¡V$ f¡àV$f_u rhi¡j M|bu

ågX$ kyNf_u s`pk

dpV$¡ A¡L$ _hu

bpep¡rQ` rhL$rks

v$v$}_p dp¢ _u gpm_p dpÂed\u ågX$ kyNf_u

dprlsu d¡mhu iL$su A¡L$ _hu bpep¡rQ` k¢kf

Ad¡qfL$p_p b°pD_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡

rhL$rks L$fu R>¡. Ap rQ`_u dv$v$\u

X$peprbV$uk_p `uqX$s v$v$}_y„ fL$s d¡mìep hNf

ÁgyL$p¡T õsf_y„ `funZ L$fhp knd R>¡.

bpep¡rQ` A¡L$ HQ Qp¥L$p¡f L$hpV®$T_p Vy$L$X$p\u

b_¡gu R>¡. S>¡_p `f Qp„v$u_y„ `psmy `X$ QY$¡gy R>¡.

Qp„v$udp„ âÐe¡L$ kpBX$ `f _p_p-_p_p lÅfp¡

_¡_p¡õL$¡g HV$f a¡fp¡duV$f rR>Ó A¡L$ `°Zpgudp„

gpN¡gp R>¡. _hu qQ` A¡L$ rhriô$ fpkperZL$

ârsq3⁄4$epAp¡_u î©„MgpAp¡ kp\¡ àgpTdp¡r_L$

HV$fa¡fp¡d¡V2u$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡. âL$pi_p D`ep¡N\u

ep¥rNL$p¡_p fpkperZL$ NyZp¡_u dprlsu dmu iL$¡ R>¡.

Ap qX$hpBk M|b S> k„h¡v$_iug R>¡. S>¡ k¢`g

hp¡ëe|d_p Ág|L$p¡T kp„Öspdp„ \_pf Ad|L$ lÅf

AÏAp¡_p A„sf_u dprlsu d¡mhhp knd R>¡.

37

`pkhX®$Þpp âep¡N_u S>ê$fueps_¡ kdpá L$fhp

dpV$¡ gp¡NB_ âp¡V$¡L$i_ s¥epf L$fhp r_Z®e

brd®^d_u Agpbpdp e|r_hrk®V$u_p rhi¡jo A_¡ L$çàe|V$f kpeÞk rhcpNdp„ A¡kp¡kuA¡V$ âp ̧a¡kf r_s¡i

kL$k¡_p_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ k„ip¡^_L$sp®Ap¡ A¡L$ A¡hy gp ̧NB_ âp¡V$¡L$i_ s¥epf L$fu füp R>¡, S>¡ `pkhX®$_p D`ep¡N_u

S>ê$fuepsp¡_¡ Msd L$fu v$¡i¡. s¡dS> Tufp¡ HV$f¡L$i_ Ap ̧\¢qV$L¡$i_\u `pkhX®$_u AphíeL$sp _l] fl¡ A_¡ kyfnp

Tp¡Md `Z kdpá \B S>i¡.

kyfrns gp ̧NB_ âp ̧V$¡L$i__u fus¡ HV$f¡L$i_ Ap ̧\¢qV$L$¡i_ `f L$pd L$fu fl¡gp rhi¡jop¡_u V$ud D`L$fZ_p

D`ep¡N hNf S> e|S>f_u g¡`V$p¡`$ L$¡ A¡L$ V$rd®_g ky^u `lp¢Qu iL$i¡. `lp¢Q_u d„S|>fu Ðepf¡ S> dmi¡ L$¡, S>epf¡

_p_y A„sf, åg|Vy$\ S>¡hp hpefg¡k L$çeyr_L$¡i_ Q¡_g `f Ap¡\¡„qVL$¡i_ âp¡V$p¡L$p¡g_p¡ D`ep¡N \ep bpv$ Ap¡mM

L$f_pf rkõV$d e|S>f_p dp¡bpBg ap¡_ L$¡ L$pf_u Qphu S>¡hp rkL$e|qfV$u V$p¡L$__u dprlsu d¡mhu iL$i¡.

rhV$prd_ "A¡' eyL$s "ky`f L$¡my

' rhL$rks

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep_u L$hukg¡ÞX$ e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ â\dhpf rhV$pqd_

"A¡' eyL$s "ky`f b_p_p' (qhriô$ L$¡my) rhL$rks L$ey® R>¡. "ky`f L$¡my' rhL$rks L$fhp_p

l¡sykf kpdpÞe L$¡mpdp„ S>¥rhL$ (Æ_p¡d) õsf `f bv$gph L$fu_¡ s¡dp„ "buV$p-L$¡fp¡V$u_' sÐh_y„

õsf h^pfhpdp„ Apìey lsy."ky`f L$¡mp'_¡ rhL$rks L$fhp_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy L$¡mp_p dpÂed\u

ifufdp„ rhV$pdu_ "A¡'_p õsf_¡ h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡. S>¡\u ApräL$p_p Nfub v$¡ip¡_p gp¡L$p¡_p

Æh_dp„ ky^pfp¡ \B iL$¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, ApräL$u v$¡i eyNpÞX$pdp„ rhV$pqd_ "A¡'_u DZ`_¡

L$pfZ¡ bpmL$p¡dp„ ×[ô$rl_spA¡ dp¡V$p `pe¡ kdõepAp¡ `¡v$p L$fu R>¡.

3⁄4$p¢L$uV$ k„fQ_pAp¡dp„ rsfpX$p¡_u ip¡^ L$fu iL$su A¡L$ k„h¡v$_iug k`pV$u

V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ DÑfu L$¡fp¡rg_p õV$¡V$ e|r_hrk®V$u A_¡ `|h} ra_g¡ÞX$

e|r_hrk®V$u_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ rhL$rks L$ep®_u Op¡jZp f4 S|>_¡ \B R>¡. S>¡

AÏ àgp„V$p¡, `yg nrsN°õs \hp_p kde¡ Ðhrfs ârsq3⁄4$ep dv$v$ê$` b_i¡.

qsfpX$p¡_u dprlsu Ap`su

k„h¡v$_iug k`pV$u V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ

rhL$rks

Page 38 of 38

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 38

RNI No.:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331

REGISTERED POSTAL REGISTRATION No. BVR

416/2014-16 RENEWED UP TO 31-12-2016

POSTED AT 10TH OF EVERY MONTH AT TALAJA RMS

Editor-Publisher-Printer-Owner

CHAUHAN KAMLESHKUMAR NANDLALBHAI

Address : Gopnath Road, TALAJA-364 140.Dist : Bhavnagar (Gujarat)

Printed by : Shree Bhagvati Printer,203 Royal Complex, Bhavnagar

COMPET RNI :- GUJGUJ/2013/51331 ITIVE INDIA

13 S|>_¡ âL$pris S>_fg kpeÞkdp„ v$ip®hpe¡gp A¡L$ AÂee_ dyS>b `©Õhu `f_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡

S>mc„X$pf k„chs: `©Õhu_u cusf fl¡gp¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_y„ AÂee_ `[òdp¡Ñf c|cp¥rsL$rhv$1 õV$uh

S>¥L$bk_ A_¡ e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a Þe| d¡qL$kL$p¡_p c|L„$` h¥opr_L$ b¢X$_ qíed¥qÞX$V$1 Üpfp \ey

lsy.AÝee_ bpv$ â\dhpf A¡hp âdpZp¡ dýep R>¡ L$¡ `©Õhu_y„ `X$ L$¡ S>¡_¡ k„3⁄4$dZ n¡Ó (V2$p„rS>i_

Tp¡_)gp¡Af d¢V$g A_¡ A`f d¢V$g_u hÃQ¡_y„ `X$ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ `pZu lp¡B

iL$¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p AÂee__¡ L$pfZ¡ h¥opr_L$p¡_¡ `©Õhu b_hp_u s¡_u hs®dp_ k„fQ_p A_¡

Ap„sqfL$ lgQgp¡ s¡dS> d¡V$g fp¡L$dp„ L$¡V$gy `pZu R>¡ s¡_p rhj¡ dpqlsu d¡mhhpdp„ dv$v$ ê$` \B

iL$¡ R>¡.

AÝee_ v$frdep_ r_óZp„sp¡A¡ Å¡ey L$¡ c|rdNs d¥Ádp_u JX$pBdp„ DÑfu Ad¡qfL$pdp„

S>du_\u 643 qL$gp¡duV$f JX$¡ `pZu lp¡hp_p k„L$¡s dmu füp R>¡. Ap `pZu sfg, bfa L$¡ bpó`

`©Õhu_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ S>mc„X$pf `©Õhu_u cusf fl¡gp¡ R>¡

ê$`¡ _\u.

`pZu_„y Qp¡\y ê$` d¢V$¡g fp ̧L$ M_uÅ¡_u ApqÎhL$ k„fQ_pd„p akpe¡gy R>¡.

Ap âL$pf_u ip¡^ A¡hu kgpl âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡, `©Õhu_u k`pV$u\u ApV$g¡ JX$¡ `pZu_¡ àg¡V$

V$¡L$V$p¡r_L$k Üpfp blpf L$pY$u iL$pe R>¡.

S>¡ JX$p d¡„V$gdp„ dmu Aphsu QË$p_p¡_¡ Ap„riL$ ê$`¡ `uNmphu v$¡ R>¡. ip¡^L$sp®Ap¡_p rhïg¡jZ

âdpZ¡ Å¡ V2$p„rS>i_ Tp¡_dp„ qõ\s fp ̧L$_p A¡L$ V$L$p S>¡V$gy `Z `pZu li¡ sp¡ s¡ Ap`Zp kdyÖdp„

fl¡gp `pZu L$fsp Apif¡ ÓZ NÏ h^y li¡.

- gp„bp kde\u h¥opr_L$p¡ A¡hu k„cph_pAp¡ ^fphsp lsp L$¡ `©Õhu_u d¢V$g_p QË$p_p¡_p

`X$dp„ `pZu akpe¡gy R>¡. A_¡ s¡ 400 qL$gp¡duV$f\u gB_¡ 660 qL$gp¡duV$f_u JX$pBA¡ gp¡Af

d¢V$g A_¡ A`f d¡„V$gdp„ hÃQ¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

kp¡aV$b¢L$ L$p¡`®_p ku.B.Ap¡. dpepep¡iu k_ Üpfp cph_pAp¡ A_¡ k„hpv$_¡ kdÆ

iL$hp knd vy$r_ep_p â\d dp_hue fp¡bp¡V$ `u`f_y„ Å`p_ Mps¡ dp¡bpBg ap¡_ L„$`_u

kp¡aV$b¢L$ L$p¡`® ` S|>__p fp¡S> A_phfZ L$ey® lsy. Ap fp¡bp¡V$ a¡b°yApfu f01` \u Å`p_

Mps¡ kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ D`gå^ li¡. S>¡_u qL„$ds 1900 X$p ̧gf fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

®

® dp_hue fp¡bp¡V$ `u`f A¡L$ cph_p A¡qÞS>_\u kˆ$ R>¡. S>¡ Ql¡fp_u

ArcìeqL$s, ifuf_u cpjp A_¡ AhpT_p V$p¡_ `f\u cph_pAp¡_¡

Ap¡mMu iL$¡ R>¡.

® kp ̧aV$b¢L$¡ ä¢Q fp¡bp¡V$ r_dp®sp A¡ëX$fbf_ fp¡bp¡qV$L$ A¡k.A¡.A¡k.

kp\¡ lp\ d¡mìep bpv$ s¡_¡ qX$TpB_ L$ep£ lsp¡.

® s¡_u g„bpB 1f0 k¡.du. A_¡ hS>_ 28 qL$gp¡N°pd R>¡.

® `u`f k¢kf g¡k R>¡. s¡_p lp\dp„ õ`i® k¡Þkf `Z gpN¡gp R>¡.

® s¡ dp_h kp\¡ hpspQus L$fu_¡ iuMu iL$¡ R>¡, A_¡ A_|chp¡ BÞV$f_¡V$

`f A`gp¡X$ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> L$gpDX$ X$¡V$pb¡T_p dpÂed\u AÞe

`u`f kp\¡ g¡Zv$¡Z L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

cph_pAp¡_¡ kdÆ iL$hp

knd dp_hue fp¡bp¡V$ "`u`f'

dp_hue fp¡bp¡V$ `u`f rhjeL$ :

_¡i_g A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k A¡ÞX$ õ`¡k A¡X$rdr_õV2$¡i_ (_pkp)_p A¡X$hp„õX$ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ gpS®> A`Q®f

õ`¡k V$¡guõL$p¡`, A¡V$gpõV$ (ATLAST)_y„ r_dp®Z L$fhp_u ep¡S>_p_„y A_phfZ g„X$__u fp¡eg

A¡õV2$p¡_p ̧rdL$g kp¡kpeV$u Üpfp f4 S|>_¡ \ey lsy.

`p¡V$1®kdpD\ Mps¡ A_phfZ \e¡gy Ap v|$fbu_ bÞep bpv$ vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u irL$sipmu A_¡ kp¥\u

dp¡Vy$ vy$fbu_ li¡. S>¡ AÞe N°lp¡_p hpsphfZ_y„ rhïg¡jZ L$fhp A_¡ A¡rge__p Æh_ AqõsÐh_¡ V2$¡L$

L$fhp dpV$¡ knd li¡. v|$fbu_ 30 âL$pihj®_p A„sf¡ fl¡gu âÅrsAp¡_¡ V2$¡L$ L$fu iL$i¡.

v|$fbu_ s¥epf \sp s¡_p dp¡V$p ApL$pf_¡ L$pfZ¡ A„sqfndp„ õ\pr`s L$fhp _pkp Ap¡qfe_ fp ̧L$¡V$_p

dpÂed\u A„sfun epÓuAp¡_p A¡L$ kd|l_¡ A„sqfndp„ dp¡L$gi¡.

v|$fbu_ L$pe®fs \hp kp\¡ 60 \u h^y _hp N°lp¡ rhj¡ MNp¡mip÷uAp¡_¡ dv$v$ dmi¡. v|$fbu_

A„sqfndp„ D`qõ\s Ap ̧LkuS>_ A_¡ AÞe N¡kp¡_p A_y`ps_y„ AÂee_ L$fi¡ S>¡ AÞe N°lp¡ `f

Æh__u k„cph_pAp¡_u sgpi L$fhp dv$v$ê$` b_i¡.

- v|$fbu_ 10 gpM dpBg_p A„sf¡ õ\pr`s L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

- v|$fbu_ s¥epf \hp_u k„cph_p hj® f030 ky^u_u R>¡.

- v|$fbu__u A„v$f `f(bph_) ayV$ S>¡V$gp¡ ìepk ^fphsp¡ v$`®Z gpN¡gp¡ R>¡ S>¡ vy$r_epdp„ L$p¡B dp_hu Üpfp

b_phpe¡gp¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ v$`®Z li¡.

- A¡V$gpõV$ v|$fbu_ AÐepf_p 44 a|V$ lbg õ`¡k V$¡guõL$p¡`_u syg_pA¡ Apif¡ Qpf NÏ dp¡Vy$ li¡.

A¡rge__p Æh__¡ V2$¡L$ L$fsy vy$r_ep_y„

kp¥\u iqL$sipmu v|$fbu_ "A¡V$gpõV$'

v|$fbu__u kyrh^pAp¡ :

lh¡ L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® cpfscfdp„ kp¥\u Ap¡R>u qL$dsdp„

1 A„L$_u qL$ds - 20 Rs.

hprj®L$ 12 A„L$_u qL$ds -240

ghpS>d cfhp k„`L®$-M- dpÓ 240 Rs. dp„

hj®cf d¡mhp¡

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

lh¡ dpÓ 20 Rs. dp„

ghpS>d\u b„^php¡ sp¡

dpÓ 18 Rs. dp„

L$ç`

¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

lh

¡

dpÓ 20 Rs. dp

„

30 % qX$õL$pDÞV$\u

A¡X$uV$f

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¥lpZ

qX$TpB_-V$pB`-k¡V$]N

ep¡NufpS>tkl Np¡rlg

rgNg A¡X$hpBTf

_urs_ Qp¥lpZ

(A¡X$hp¡L$¡V$ NyS>fps lpBL$p¡V®$)

dyÖL$-âL$piL$-dprgL$

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¥lpZ

âL$pi_ õ\m:

Np¡`_p\ fp¡X$, smpÅ-364 140

Ɖp¡:cph_Nf (NyS>fps)

ap¡_: 94088f7007

dyÖZ õ\p_:

îu cNhsu râÞV$k®,

f03, fp¡eg L$p ̧çàg¡n, lpBL$p¡V®$ fp¡X$,

cph_Nf.

:g¡ML$:

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¡lpZ

rhð_y„ â\d A¢X2$p¡eX$ kdpQpf- hpQL$_y„ Å`p_dp„ A_phfZ \ey

Å`p__p V$p¡L$ep¡ Mps¡ f4 S|>__p fp¡S> _¡i_g çe|Tued Ap ̧a Ad¡qT„N kpeÞk A¡ÞX$

B_p¡h¡i_dp„ "A¡„X2$p¡eX$ : ìlp¡V$ BT le|d_' _pd_u âv$i®_udp„ rhð_p â\d A¢X2$p¡eX$

kdQpf-hpQL$_y„ A_phfZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

v$p¡ A¢X2$p¡eX$ L$p¡dp¡dp¡fpBX$ (L$p¡v$p¡dp¡_p¡ A\® bpmL$) A_¡ Ap¡V$_pfp¡BX$ (Ap¡V$_p S>¡_p¡

A\® heõL$) 3⁄4$di: A¡L$ eyhsu A_¡ A¡L$ Ap¥fs_y„ ê$` ^pfZ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ b¡ A¢X2$p¡BX$ d_yóep¡

kp\¡ hpsQus L$fu iL$¡ R>¡, kdpQpf hpQu iL$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> L$¡V$gpL$ AgN AgN AhpTdp„

V$1huV$k hpQu iL$¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ s¡_u rkrgL$p¡_ ÐhQp A_¡

Ql¡fp_p kurds lphcph L„$BL$ ATb v$¡Mpe R>¡.

âp ̧.rlfp¡iu BriNyfp¡ Ap¡kpL$p e|r_hrk®V$u_u

N°¡S>eyA¡V$ õL|$g Ap ̧a A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N kpeÞk_p

HV$¡rgS>¢V$ fp¡bp¡qV$L$k âep¡Nipmp_p r_v$£iL$ R>¡. s¡dZ¡

`p¡sp_u `qfep¡S>_p : A¡„X2$p¡eX$ kdpQpf-hpQL$_u

Å¡X$u_y„ A_phfZ L$ey® R>¡.s¡Ap¡ `pR>gp f0 hj®\u

fp¡bp¡V$ rhL$qks L$fu füp R>¡ A_¡ A¡hu Apip fpMhpdp„

Aphu flu R>¡, L$¡ s¡d_u Ap ip¡^ Aq^L$ byqÂ^dp_

fp¡bp¡V$ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fi¡.

âp ̧.rlfp¡iu BriNyfp

¡

A_yk„^p_ `p_p _„.ff D`f