Page 1 of 28

-L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep v$f¡L$ õ`^p®ÐdL$ `funpAp¡ dpV$¡ S>ê$fu L$fÞV$ Aa¡k®_p e\pep¡Áe A_¡ dpÓ S>ê$fu L$ÞV$¡ÞV$ ep¡Áe fus¡ Ap`_p dpV$¡

fS|> L$f_pf A¡L$dpÓ NyS>fpsu d¡N¡qT_ R>¡.

-ApNpdu Æ.`u.A¡k.ku. hN® 1/2 _u `funp dpV$¡ Mpk Apep¡S>_

-L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep dpÓ 20 ê$r`epdp„ drl_pcf_y„ v$f¡L$ V$p¡r`L$ hpBT A_¡ ä¡i L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® `ufku_¡ Ap`_¡ 50/60 _u qL$ds_p

NyS>fpsu s\p 90/110 _u qL$ds_p rlÞv$u d¡N¡qT_p¡_p âdpZdp„ dp¡V$p¡ Apr\®L$ apev$p¡ L$fphu_¡ DÑd L$np_y„ op_ fS|> L$f¡ R>¡.

-kfm A_¡ L$¡ÞÖ_u rlÞv$udp„ g¡hpsu `funpAp¡ dpV$¡ `Z D`ep¡Nu \pe s¡hu DÑd L$np_u NyS>fpsu cpjp i¥gudp„ fS|>Aps

-AÞe d¡N¡qT_p¡dp„ Aphsu rb_ S>ê$fu A_¡ apgsy bpbsp¡ S>¡ õ`^p®ÐdL$ `funpAp¡ dpV$¡ D`ep¡Nu _\u s¡hu bpbsp¡ s\p apgsy

A_¡ rb_ S>ê$fu h^y dpÓpdp„ A`psp dp¡X$g `¡`f d¡N¡qT_dp„ Ap`hp A¡ NyS>fps_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_p cphu kp\¡ Q¡X$p A_¡ Apr\®L$

ip¡jZ R>¡. S>¡_p\u d¡N¡qT__u qL$ds h^u iL$¡ A_¡ Dd¡v$hpf `f h^pfp_y„ Mp¡Vy$ hpQ_ cpfZ h^u iL$¡.

lh¡ L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® cpfscfdp„ kp¥\u Ap¡R>u qL$dsdp„

30 % qX$õL$pDÞV$\u

1 A„L$_u qL$ds - 20 Rs.

hprj®L$ 12 A„L$_u qL$ds -240 Rs.

ghpS>d qX$õL$pDÞV$ - 20 Rs.

ghpS>d cfhp k„`L®$-M- dpÓ 220 Rs. dp„

hj®cf d¡mhp¡

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

lh¡ dpÓ 20 Rs. dp„

ghpS>d\u b„^php¡ sp¡

dpÓ 18 Rs. dp„

RNI:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331

3⁄4$d rhcpN `p_p _„

1...fpô2$ue.............................2 \u 2

2...qv$_ rhi¡j.........................3 \u 3

3...r_dZ|„L$............................4 \u 4

4...k„õ\p `qfQe.....................5 \u 5

5...rS>ëëpp `qfQe....................5 \u 5

6...fpS>e `qfQe.....................6 \u 6

7...v$¡i `rfQe........................7 \u 8

8...`yfõL$pf...........................9 \u 11

9...r_^_.............................12 \u 13

10...NyS>fps_u AV$pfu...............14 \u 14

11...L©$rj-`iy`pg_.................14 \u 14

12.. rhrh^...........................15 \u 16

13...A\® ìehõ\p_u ApS>L$pg......17 \u 17

14...M¡g S>Ns.......................18 \u 20

15...Ap„sffpô2$ue....................21 \u ff

16...Av$pgs..........................f3 \u f3

17...L$gp k„õL©$rs......................f4 \u f4

18...rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ..........f` \u 26

19...Apv$i® dp¡X$g `¡`f...............27 \u f8

A_y3⁄4$drZL$p

Magazine for : U.P.S.C., G.P.S.C, T.E.T., T.A.T., S.S.C.,

BANK, P.S.I., Air-Force, Navy And All COMPETITIVE EXAM

COMPETITIVE INDIA

Editor-Publisher-Printer-Owner

CHAUHAN KAMLESHKUMAR NANDLALBHAI

Gopnath Road, TALAJA.

Dist.:Bhavnagar (Gujrat), PIN-364 140

M-9408827007

E-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.com

RNI No.GUJGUJ/2013/51331 [MONTHLY]

Address

d¡N¡qT_dp„ S>¡ `Z dprlsu fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, s¡ Adpfu ÅZL$pfu dyS>b_u R>¡. kp\p¡kp\ Ap A„L$dp„ Qp¡L$kpB fpMhp dpV$¡_p âeÐ_p¡

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. L$p¡B`Z c|g A\hp Q|L$ dpV$¡ âL$piL$ L$¡ s¡_p L$p¡B`Z L$d®Qpfu S>hpbv$pf _\u. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep d¡N¡qT_dp„

âL$pris \e¡gp g¡Mp¡dp_p d„sìep¡ g¡ML$p¡_p `p¡sp_p lp¡e R>¡, S>¡_u kp\¡ dprgL$, âL$piL$ A_¡ k„`pv$L$ klds R>¡. s¡d dp_u g¡hy _lu.

A¡X$uV$f

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ep¡NufpS>tkl Np¡rlg

rgNg A¡X$hpBTf

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(A¡X$hp¡L$¡V$ NyS>fps lpBL$p¡V®$)

dyÖL$-âL$piL$-dprgL$

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¥lpZ

âL$pi_ õ\m:

Np¡`_p\ fp¡X$, smpÅ-364 140

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- v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pf-2013

\u NusL$pf NygÅf kçdpr_s

-61dp¡ fpô2$ue raëd `yfõL$pf

-15dp¡ ApBap A¡hp¡X1®k-2014

- dpõV$f qv$_p_p\ d„N¡iL$f `yfõL$pf-2014

- `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf\u rhS>e i¡jpÖu kçdpr_s

- b¡guS> rhd¡Þk âpBT

`yfõL$pf

L$gp k„õL©$rs : k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du A_¡ a¡gp¡iu`-2013 r

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v$¡i `qfQe : õ`¡_ rS>ëgp `qfQe: dp¡fbu

rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ

-D`N°l k¢qV$_g-1 A¡ gp¢Q \ep¡

-rhð_u kp¥\u kqV$L$ OqX$epm gp¢Q \B

-õdpV®$ap¡__¡ 30 k¡L$ÞX$dp„ QpS®> L$fsu b¡V$fu_u ip¡^

-Ap„v$dp_-r_L$p¡bpf_p ip¢`¡_p¡_y„ gp¡L$kcpdp„ â\dhpf dsv$p_

-qX$f¡L$p-X$uTg f¡g A¡qÞS>_

-by° ifZp\} A_¡ rdTp¡fd kfL$pf fpô2$u

e

- d¡fu gyBk dpëV$p_p _hp fpô2$`rs

- fhp„X$p _fk„lpf_u 20du hj®Np„W$

-çep„dpfdp„ 30 hj® bpv$ â\dhpf hksu NZsfu

-Qu_dp„ e„N d^k® dpV$¡ " ' râV$u dp¡d 3⁄4$¡qX$V$ L$pX®$

Ap„sffpô2$ue

qv$_ rhi¡j

-rhð Apfp¡Áe qv$hk

-rhð Ap¡qV$Td ÅN©rs qv$hk

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-Ap„sffpô2$ue `©Õhu qv$hk

-A¡kp¡Q¡d qf`p¡V®$

-rhð b¢L$ Üpfp cpfs

vy$r_ep_u ÓuÆ kp¥\u dp¡V$u

A\® ìehõ\p Ål¡f

-"raëX$ dpi®g k¡d dpZ¡L$ip ^ d¡_ A¡ÞX$ rlT V$pBçk'

-"^ A¡L$kuX$¢V$g âpBd rdr_õV$f : ^ d¡qL„$N A¡ÞX$

A_d¡qL„$N Ap ̧a X$p ̧. d_dp¡l_tkO'

-"Ly$°k¡X$f Ap¡f L$p¡Þkr`f¡V$f ? L$p¡gN¡V$ A¡ÞX$ A^f V3$\k'

A\®ìehõ\p_u ApS>L$pg

-A¥rslprkL$ N°„\ AL$bf_pdp

A_¡ ipl_pdp _u lfpÆ

-48 L$gpL$dp„ kp¥\u h^y hjp®_p¡

rhð f¡L$p¡X®$ Q¡fp`y„Æ Mps¡ _p¢^pep¡

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v$f dpk_u 10 spfuM¡ ârkÝ^ \sy

Page 2 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 2

"X$uf¡L$p'

-X$uTg f¡

g A¡qÞS>_ r_dp®Zdp

„ rhðõsf¡

buÅõ\p_

¡

B.k.1961dp„ cpfs kfL$pf_¡ Apr^_ õ\`pe¡g X$uf¡L$p hpfpZkudp„ Aph¡gy R>¡. X$uTg

f¡gh¡ A¡rÞS>_ r_dp®Z_p l¡sykf A¡ëL$p¡-Ad¡qfL$p_p klep¡N\u bÞey lsy. B.k.1964dp„

â\d f¡g A¡qÞS>__y„ r_dp®Z L$fu_¡ fpô2$_¡ kdr`®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy A_¡ B.k.1976dp„

X$uf¡L$p r_L$pk bÅfdp„ âh¡íey lsy. A_¡ â\d f¡g A¡qÞS>_ V$p„Tpr_ep_¡ q_L$pk L$ey® lsy.

Ðepfbpv$ qX$k¡çbf 1977dp„ â\d X$uTg S>q_s k¡V$_y„ L$rdi_ \ey. Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 199`dp„

AÂep^yr_L$ dpB3⁄4$p¡âp¡k¡kf r_e„rÓs, A¡.ku.X$uTg Bg¡L$qV2$L$ f¡g A¡rÞS>_p¡_p r_dp®Îp dpV$¡

S>_fg dp¡V$k® (Ad¡qfL$p) kp\¡ kdS|>rs \B lsu.

- X$uf¡L$p_¡ a¡b°yApfu 1997dp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue dp`v„$X$ k„NW$_

(ApB.A¡k.Ap¡.)_y„ 900f âdpZ`Ó âpá \ey lsy. s\p dpQ®

f001dp„ ApB.A¡k.Ap¡. 14001 âdpZ`Ó âpá \ey lsy.

Ap„v$dp_-r_L$p¡bpf

V$p`y_p ip¢`¡_p¡A¡

gp¡L$kcp dpV$¡

â\dhpf dsv$p_ L$ey®„

ip¢`¡_ v$¡i_u v$rnZ¡ S„>Ngp¡dp„ fl¡_pf R>

S>_ÅrsAp¡ `¥L$u_u A¡L$ R>¡. s¡ Åfhp,Ap„v$dp_uS>,

Ap¢N¡, k¢V$u_guS> _pd_u Qpf AÞe S>_ÅrsAp¡ kp\¡

Apqv$d S>_Årse kdyl_p ê$`¡ hN}L©s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu

R>¡. s¡d_p¡ bplfu gp¡L$p¡ kp\¡_p¡ k„`L®$ M|b S> Ap¡R>p¡ R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ hp„k s\p `p„v$X$p_p b_¡gp Apif¡ 1f S>¡V$gp

R>p`fpAp¡dp„ fl¡ R>¡. ip¢`¡_ d„Np¡gu kd|l_p R>¡ A_¡

Ly$im riL$pfu k„N°plL$ R>¡. dpR>gu krls riL$pf k„N°l

`f Æhus fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ M¡su `pL$ g¡sp AphX$sy _\u.

`pjpZ-eyNu_ S>_ÅrsAp¡ `¥L$u_u A¡L$ A¡hu

ip¡„`¡__u hksu B.k.f011_u NZsfu A_ykpf dpÓ

ff9 S>¡V$gu R>¡.

ip¡„`¡_p¡A¡ 10 A¡râg¡ gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu-f014 dpV$¡

â\dhpf dsv$p_ L$ey® lsy. s¡dZ¡ ApBg¢X$k gp¡L$kcp

b¡W$L$ dpV$¡ dsv$p_ L$ey® lsy. N°¡V$ r_L$p¡bpf Æhd„X$m

qfTh®_p A„v$f_p S„>Ngdp„ b_phpe¡g Qy„V$Zu by\ `f

Ly$g 60 ip¡„`¡_p¡A¡ ds Apàep lsp.

â\dhpf L$ey ̄ dsv$p_

ip¡„`¡_ qhj¡

X$uTg f¡g A¡qÞS>_ L$pfMp_y (X$uf¡L$p) hpfpZku Üpfp f A¡râg¡ Åfu \e¡gu Ål¡fps A_ykpf, X$uf¡L$pA¡ f¡g

A¡qÞS>_ r_dp®Z dpdg¡ 1 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> rhðdp„ buSy> õ\p_ d¡mhu gu^y R>¡. f¡gh¡ bp¡X£ hj® f013-14dp„

300 A¡qÞS>_ b_phhp dpV$¡_y„ gÿe Apàey lsy. `f„sy X$uf¡L$pA¡ 311 A¡qÞS>_ s¥epf L$fu _p¿ep lsp. X$uf¡L$pdp„

s¥epf \sp X$uTg f¡g A¡qÞS>_ îug„L$p, bp„Ágpv$¡i„ çep„dpf, dg¡riep rhN¡f¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ `Z r_L$pk L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, X$uTg f¡g A¡rÞS>_ r_dp®Z dpdg¡ rhïhõsf¡ â\d õ\p_¡ Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ e|fp¡`ue_

Æ-L„$`_u R>¡.

8 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> rdTp¡fd fpS>e kfLpf¡ bu_ kfLp$fu k„NW$_ kdÞhe krdrs_u dp„N `f b°y ifZp\}Ap¡_¡ ÓZ dpk_u A„v$f

`fs dp¡L$ghp fpÆ \B NB lsu. A_¡ Q|„V$Zu âq3⁄4$ep bpv$ v$f¡L$ b°y ifZp\}_¡ `fs dp¡L$ghp A_¡ `fs _ S>_pf ifZp\}_y„ _pd dsv$psp

epv$udp„\u v|$f L$fhp s¥epf \B lsu. `f„sy lh¡ rdTp¡fd kfL$pf¡ 1f A¡râg_p fp¡S> qÓ`yfp_u R> S>¡V$gu fpls R>phZuAp¡dp„ fl¡sp sdpd b°y

ifZp\}Ap¡_¡ ÓZ dpk_u A„v$f `fs dp¡L$ghp `f d_pB afdphu R>¡.

b°y ifZp\}_¡ qfep„N ifZp\} `Z L$l¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ d|mê$`¡ rdTp¡fd_p ApBTg rS>‰p_p dpqçds kb-qX$qhT__p r_hpku R>¡. s¡Ap¡

DÑfu qÓ`yfp_p L„$Q_`yfp kb qX$qhT_dp„ f9 Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 1997\u Aphhp iê$ \ep lsp.

rdTp¡ kdyv$pe Üpfp b°y kdyv$pe_u rhi¡j õhpeÑ rS>‰p `qfjv$_u dp„N_p¡ rhfp¡^ s\p b„_¡ kdyv$pe_u `pf„`rfL$ ârsÂh„qv$sp dy¿e

L$pfZ R>¡.

rfep„N L$¡ b°y ifZp\} rÓ`yfp_u f1 A_yk|rQs S>_ÅrsAp¡ `¥L$u A¡L$ R>¡. S>¡ c|g\u Å¡X$pB NB R>¡.

b°y ifZp\} L$p¡L$bp¡fp¡L$ cpjp D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ õ\p_ue cpjpdp„ L$pD b°y L$l¡ R>¡. s¡ rsåbsu-bd} d|m\u b_¡gu cpjp R>¡.

Ap âq3⁄4$ep A„sN®s gp¡L$p¡ `p¡sp_p d|m r_hpk L$¡ v$¡i `fs af¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ ifZp\}Ap¡_¡ `p¡sp_p v$¡i `fs afhp L$¡ eyÂ^ bpv$ k¡Þe

L$d®QpfuAp¡A¡ `fs Aphhp_y kpd¡g lp¡e R>¡.

rdTp¡fd kfL$pf A_¡ b°y ifZp\}Ap¡

L$p¡Z R>¡ b°y ifZp\} ?

b°y ifZp\}Ap¡_p `gpe__y„ L$pfZ :

b°y ifZp\}Ap¡_u cpjp :

qf`¡qV2$A¡i_ (hs_ `fs afhy) iy„ R>¡ ?

cpfsue Qy„V$Zu `„Q Üpfp 1` A¡râg¡ Qy„V$Zu ApN„syL$ L$pe®3⁄4$d-f014_p¡ âpf„c \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap

L$pe®3⁄4$d cpfs_p Q„yV$Zu`„Q Üpfp k„eyL$s fpô2$ rhL$pk L$pe®3⁄4$d (e|.A¡_.X$u.`u.)_u cpNuv$pfu\u A¡L$

`l¡g ê$`¡ ep¡S>hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ f0 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_p ârsr_r^Ap¡ Qpf fpS>e L$Zp®V$L$ (17 A¡râg- b¢Ág|ê$, d¥k|f)dp„ _pdurbep, DÑfâv$¡i (f4 A¡râg-ApNfp)dp„ _pBÆqfep, g¡k¡\p¡, dg¡riep,

dp¡f¡riek, çep„dpf_p âqsr_r^Ap¡ s\p `.b„Npm (30 A¡râg-lphX$p)dp„ _¡`pm, rldpQg âv$¡i

(7 d¡-rkdgp) Mps¡ eyNp„X$p, L$¡Þep, c|V$p_ A_¡ Afb guN_p v$¡i kuqfep, BrS>á, kpDv$u Afb,

V$1e|_uriep, dp¡fp¡L$L$p¡, kp¡dprgep, `¡g¡õV$pB_, BfpL$ A_¡ Ap¡dp_ v$¡i_p ârsq_r^Ap¡ L$pe®3⁄4$d

A„sN®s cpfs_u Qy„V$Zu âq3⁄4$epdp„ rlõkp¡ gB füp R>¡.

Qy„V$Zu ApN„syL$ L$pe®3⁄4$d-f014

kudpAp¡_u fnp L$f_pf buÅ _„bf_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ v$m ki÷ kudp v$mdp„ eyhp drlgpAp¡_¡ L$p ̧çb¡V$

Ap¡rakf (gX$pL|$ Ar^L$pfu) sfuL$¡ kpd¡g L$fhp_u d„S|>fu L$¡qÞÖe N©l d„Ópge¡ 13 A¡râg¡ Ap`u R>¡.

AÐepf ky^u dqlgpAp¡_¡ L$p ̧çb¡V$_u hv$} L$¡qÞÖe qfTh® `p¡guk v$m, L$¡qÞÖe Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ kyfnp v$m,

kudp kyfnp v$mdp„ S> `l¡fhp dmsu lsu.

B.k.f007dp„ ki÷ kudp v$mdp„ â\dhpf S|>q_ef f¢L$dp„ L$p¡ÞõV$¡bg `v$¡ drlgpAp¡_u cfsu

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. `f„sy s¡_u L$dp_ `yê$j Ar^L$pfuAp¡_p lp\dp„ lsu.

ki÷ kudp v$mdp„ drlgpAp¡_¡ L$p ̧çb¡V$ Ap¡rakfê$`¡

q_e|qL$s_¡ N©l d„Ópge_u d„S|>fu

f¡g d„Ópge_y„ A¡L$ õhpeÑ k„NW$_ f¡gh¡ dpqlsu âZpgu L$¡ÞÖ Üpfp rhL$kphpe¡gy h¡b Ap^pqfs rh^ys DÅ® âb„^_

âZpgu "f¡g k¡hf' `p¡V®$g_u iê$Aps 1` A¡râg_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ cpfsue f¡gh¡ âZpgudp„ DÅ®v$nsp

ky^pfhp_u `qfep¡S>_p_y„ A¡L$ A„N R>¡. S>¡ `f(bph_) gpM Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf_u h¥[ðL$ `ep®hfZ kyrh^p_p _pZp„ `p¡jZ Üpfp

e|.A¡_.X$u.`u._p L$pe®3⁄4$d k„b„^u ê$`f¡Mp A„sN®s cpfsue f¡g L$pe®fs L$fu füy R>¡. Ágp¡bg hp¡rd ̄N_p `X$L$pf_¡ `lp¢Qu hmhp,

`ep®hfZ õhõ\ fpMhp L$pb®_ DÐkS®>_ Ap¡Ry> fpMhy S>ê$fu R>¡."f¡g k¡hf' `p¡V®$g L$pb®_ DÐkS®>_ OV$pX$hp dpV$¡ D`ep¡Nu \i¡.

A¡_.A¡k.ku. BÞV$f_¡i_g A¡V$p¡rdL$ A¡_Æ® A¡S>Þku (ApB.A¡.B.A¡.) Üpfp `fdpÏ kyfnp k„b„r^s

bpbsp¡ `f rhQpf rhdi® L$fhp dpV$¡ Apep¡Æs L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

ApB.A¡.B.A¡. `fdpÏ DÅ®_u rhïh õsfue r_epdL$ k„õ\p R>¡. S>¡ `fdpÏ DÅ® kyfnp A_¡ s¡_p

ip„rs`|Z® D`ep¡N_¡ kyr_rîs L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_u õ\p`_p rhe¡_p (Ap ̧õV2$uep) Mps¡ B.k.19`7dp„ \B lsu.

S>ep„ k„õ\p_y„ dy¿epge `Z Aph¡gy R>¡. s¡_p X$pef¡L$V$f S>_fg 66 hrj®e eyqL$ep Adp_p¡ Å`p_ v$¡i_p R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ Ap `v$¡ 1 qX$k¡çbf f009_p fp¡S> Apê$Y$ \B_¡ Ap `v$ `f ApêY$ \_pf `p„Qdp„ X$pef¡L$V$f S>_fg

bÞep lsp.

A¡râg_p â\d kápldp„ A¡_.A¡k.ku._u b¡W$L$ rhe¡_p Mps¡ ep¡ÅB lsu. S>¡dp„ cpfs¡ s¡_p `fdpÏ DÅ®

q_epdL$ (A¡.B.Apf.bu.) _p Q¡fd¡_ A¡k.A¡k.bÅS>_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ 14 kv$õep¡_u V$ud kp\¡ cpN gB_¡

`p¡sp_p `fdpÏ DÅ® àgp„V$p¡_u kyfnp qõ\rs A_¡ _prcqL$e kyfnp krdnp k„b„r^s _hu_sd fpô2$ue qf`p¡V$®

fS|> L$fu lsu.D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Å`p__p Ly$Ly$ridpdp„ \e¡gu `fdpÏ vy$O®V$_p bpv$ cpfsue Þe|qL$gef àgp„V$p¡_u

kyfnp h^pfu v$¡hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Þe|[1⁄4gef k¡aV$u L$Þh

¡i_dp

„

cpfs

¡

`fdpÏ DÅ® àgp

„

V$p

¡

_u kyfnp dprlsu fS|> L$fu

cpfs¡ Ap`¡gu dprlsu ::

ÞeyqL$gAf k¡aV$u L$Þh¡i_ (A¡_.A¡k.ku.)

"f¡g k¡hf' `p¡V®$g_u iê$Aps

Np¥lpÑu-b¢Ág|ê$ A¡L$kâ¡kdp„ bp¢b rhõap¡V$

Np¥lpsu-b¢Ágyê$ A¡L$kâ¡kdp„ Q¡Þ_pB k¡ÞV2$g f¡gh¡

õV$¡i_ `f 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> b¡ bp¢b rhõap¡V$ \ep lsp.

S>¡dp„ 1 drlgp_y„ d©Ðey A_¡ 14 BÅN°õs \ep lsp.

âhpku cpfsue dpdgpAp¡_p d„Ópge Üpfp MpX$u v$¡ip¡_p cpfsue L$pdv$pfp¡ l¡sykf_u dlpÐdp Np„^u âhpku kyfnp ep¡S>_p A¡râg

dpkdp„ e|.A¡.B. Mps¡ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

s¡ A¡L$ õh¥qÃR>L$ ep¡S>_p R>¡. s¡_y„ gÿe L$pdv$pfp¡_¡ h©Â^phõ\p `¢i_, Æh_ rhdp ep¡S>_pdp„ kpd¡g \hp âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp_y R>¡.

âhpku cpfsue L$pdv$pfp

¡

dpV$¡

e|.A¡

.B.dp

„

dlpÐdp Np

„

^u âhpku kyfnp ep

¡S>_p iê$ \B

fpô2$ue rhcpN_u h^y d¡V$f `p_p _„.13 D`f

Page 3 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 3

ü rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ (X$åëey.A¡Q.Ap¡.)_u õ\p`_p qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$_p rS>r_hp il¡fdp„ \B. S>ep„ hs®dp_ kde¡ s¡_y„ dy¿e d\L$ Aph¡gy R>¡.

ü ff Sy>gpB 1946_p fp¡S> k„eyL$s fpô2$_p v$f¡L$ 61 kv$õe v$¡ip¡A¡ rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__u õ\p`_p `f_p âõÐpph `f kldrs v$ip®hu lsu.

hs®dp_ kde¡ s¡_p 194 kv$õe v$¡i R>¡.

ü `p¡sp_u õ\p`_p\u gB_¡ hs®dp_ ky^u rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_¡ Ak„¿e Æhg¡Z budpfuAp¡-dlpdpfuAp¡_¡ rdV$phu v$¡hp D‰¡M_ue `NgpAp¡

gB_¡ AÐepf¡ V$u.bu., L$¡Þkf, A¡Q.ApB.hu. S>¡hu rbdpfuAp¡ âÐe¡ k„NW$_ Mpk Âep_ L$¡qÞÖs L$fu füy R>¡. S>¡ hs®dp_ kde¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue õsf¡

A¡L$ `X$L$pf õhê$`¡ Dcu R>¡.

ü `p¡jZ, MpÛ kyfnp A_¡ ep¥_ k„b„^u rbdpfuAp¡ `Z k„NW$__p L$pe®n¡Ódp„ dlÐh`|Z® ê$`¡ kpd¡g R>¡.

ü AphíeL$ v$hpAp¡_y„ rhsfZ, riiyAp¡_u Apfp¡Áe kyfnp_p rhi¡j D`pe A_¡ Apfp¡Áe k„b„^u Q¡s_p_p¡ AphíeL$ âQpf dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z® L$pe®hplu

L$f¡ R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcp Üpfp hj® f007dp„ f A¡râg_¡ rhð

Ap¡qV$Td ÅN©rs qv$hk sfuL$¡ Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡

A„sN®s â\d DS>hZu f A¡râg f008_p fp¡S> L$fhpd„p Aphu

lsu. hs®dp_ hj£ `Z Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu vy$r_epcfdp„

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap qv$hk¡ Ap¡qV$Td\u N°õs bpmL$p¡ A_¡

heõL$p¡_p Æh_dp„ ky^pfpAp¡ dpV$¡ `NgpAp¡ cfhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

A_¡ kp\®$L$$ Æh_ `kpf L$fhp dpV$¡ klpesp âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡

R>¡. hs®dp_ hj®_u DS>hZu 3⁄4$ddp„ 7du lsu.

Ø cpfs v$¡idp„ kpdprS>L$ A_¡ Ar^L$pfusp d„Ópge A_ykpf

âÐe¡L$ 110 bpmL$p¡ `¥L$u A¡L$ bpmL$ Ap¡qV$Td\u `uqX$s

lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ v$f¡L$ 70 bpmL$p¡ `¥L$u A¡L$ bpmL$ Ap¡qV$Td\u

âcprhs lp¡e R>¡. Ap rbdpfu_u T`V$¡ QX$_pf bpmL$p¡_y„

âdpZ bpmpAp¡ L$fsp h^y R>¡. Ap rbdpfu_¡ Ap¡mMhp

dpV$¡_p¡ L$p¡B r_ròs BgpS> _\u `f„sy s¡_y„ S>gv$u r_v$p_ \B

S>hp_u qõ\rsdp„ ky^pfp¡ gphhp dpV$¡ âeÐ_p¡ \B iL$¡ R>¡.

vy$r_epcfdp„ a¡gphp¡ ^fphsu Ap rbdpfu_u Akf bpmL$p¡,

`qfhpfp¡ A_¡ kdpS> `f `X$¡ R>¡.

Ø ApR>p¡ hpv$mu f„N Ap¡qV$Td fp¡N_„y ârsL$ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ø hj® f013_u Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu âk„N¡ Ap¡qV$Td\u

`uqX$s ìeqL$s L©$óZ _pfpeZ Üpfp gMhpdp„ Aph¡gy `yõsL$

A_¡ rij®L$ Nus "AgN lu Apip' fS|> L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

d¡qL$kL$p¡ rkV$u_p Ap ̧_£V$ hpkL$p ̧_k¡gp¡k gpBb°¡fu Mps¡ Apep¡Æs A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ qv$h„Ns _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp L$rh A_¡

r_b„^L$pf Ap ̧L$V$¡rhep¡ `pS>_p¡ 100dp¡ S>Þdqv$hk DS>hpep¡ lsp¡. 1 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> \e¡gu Ap DS>hZudp„ d¡qL$kL$p¡_p

fpô2$`rs A¡_qf$L$ `¡_p _uA¡eV$p¡A¡ `pS>_¡ f0du kv$u_p âqscpipmu d¡L$rkL$_ qv$dpN ^fphsp ìeqL$s S>Zpìep lsp.

gp¡L$s„Ó_p kd\®L$ A_¡ f0du kv$udp„ h^y kde kÑp `f fl¡_pf BqÞõV$V$1e|i_g qfhp¡ëe|i_fu `pV$}_p kv$õe lsp. S>¡ `pV$}

`p¡sp_p r_fL„y$i sfuL$pAp¡ dpV$¡ ÅZusu R>¡.

è B.k.1981dp„ duNyA¡g X$u L$pfhpÞV$¡k B.k.198fdp„ Þe|õV$pBV$ BÞV$f_¡i_g âpBT ap ̧f rgV$f¡Qf A_¡ B.k.1990dp„

kprlÐe_p¡ _p¡b¡g `yfL$pf rhS>¡sp `pS> cpfsdp„ fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ füp lsp. `f„sy B.k.1968dp„ d¡L$rkL$_ rkV$udp„ R>pÓ

âv$i®_L$pfuAp¡_p _fk„lpf bpv$ s¡dZ¡ fpÆ_pdy Ap`u qv$^y lsy.

è B.k.19`0dp„ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p¡ dp¥rgL$ r_b„^ "^ g¥bqfÞ\ Ap ̧a kp ̧rgV$e|X$'_u fQ_p L$fu lsu. Ap q_b„^ Üpfp s¡dZ¡

d¡qL$kL$p¡ A_¡ s¡_p gp¡L$p¡_p¡ Bqslpk, k„õL©$rs A_¡ dp_rkL$sp_¡ vy$r_ep kpd¡ âõsys L$fu lsu.

è s¡d_u L$rhspAp¡_p k„N°l ANyrgep Ap¡ kp ̧g (19`1), gp BõV$pL$i_ huep¡g¡ÞV$p (19`6), r`A¡Ö X$u kp¡g (19`7)

kpd¡g R>¡.

è B.k.1976dp„ s¡dZ¡ õ\p`¡gu "àg|fg A¡ÞX$ ìe|A¡ëV$' s¡d_p k„Oj®_p¡ AhpT b_u NB lsu.

Ap

¡L$V$¡rhep

¡

`pS>_p

¡ 100dp

¡ S>Þdqv$hk DS>hpep

¡

_p g `f $ ¡b¡

y

õLpf rhS>¡sp

hj® f014_p¡ _pv$ : "_p_p¡ X$„M-dp¡V$p¡ Msfp¡'

rhð Ap

¡qV$Td ÅN©qs qv$hk-

f A¡râg

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_

\ud : h¡L$V$f A¡V$g¡ L$¡ dÃR>f-dpMuAp¡\u

\sp fp¡Np¡ `f gNpd L$khu'

7 A¡râg

vy$r_epcf_p gp¡L$p¡_p Apfp¡Áe_p õsf_¡ E„Qy fpMhp_p l¡sy\u k„eyL$s

fpô2$_u Apfp¡Áe dpdgpAp¡_u A¡S>Þku rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__u õ\p`_p 7

A¡r`°g 1948_p fp¡S> \B lsu. A¡V$gp dpV$¡ Ap qv$hk¡ k„`|Z® rhðdp„ rhð

Apfp¡Áe qv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. â\d rhð Apfp¡Áe qv$hk

B.k.19`0dp„ DS>hpep¡ lsp¡. hs®dp_ hj£ `Z "_p_p¡ X„$M-dp¡V$p¡ Msfp¡'

_pfp¡ Ap`u_¡ rhð Apfp¡Áe qv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

18 A¡râg 198f_p fp¡S> V$1e|_uriepdp„ HV$f_¡i_g L$pD„rÞkg Ap ̧a dp¡_yd¢V$k A¡ÞX$ kpBV$1k Üpfp DS>hpep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ hj®

1983dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡A¡ s¡_¡ dpÞesp âv$p_ L$fu lsu. Ap `l¡gp Ap qv$hk (18 A¡râg) rhð õdpfL$ A_¡ `yfpsÐh õ\m qv$hk

ê$`¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡.

rhðcfdp„ d|ëehp_ k„`qÑ A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ rhfpks_p k„fnZ A_¡ fnp_p l¡sykf gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs `¡v$p L$fhp rhð rhfpks

qv$hk "õdfZp¡Ðkh_u rhfpks' rhje kp\¡ DS>hpep¡ lsp¡.

e|_¡õL$p¡A¡ Ap qv$hk¡ cpfsdp„ Aph¡gp 1` ArsqfL$s õ\mp¡_¡ rhð ^fp¡lf õ\mp¡_u `p¡sp_u Aõ\pB k|Qudp„ kpd¡g L$ep® lsp.

Ap õ\mp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fsp `l¡gp Ap k|Qudp„ cpfs_p Ly$g 33 õ\mp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp R>¡. ÅÞeyApfu f014 ky^u rhðdp„ Ly$g

160 v$¡ip¡dp„ Ly$g 981 hëX®$ l¥qfV$¡S> õ\m A[õsÐhdp„ R>¡. S>¡dp„\u 704 A¥rslprkL$ A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$, 180 âpL©$qsL$ A_¡ f7 rdrîs

õ\m R>¡.

B.k.1968dp„ rhïh ârkÂ^ Bdpfsp¡ A_¡ `°pL©$rsL$ õ\mp¡_u fnp L$fhp_p l¡sy\u A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue k„NW$_ Üpfp âõÐpph

fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ Üpfp B.k.197fdp„ õhuX$__u fpS>^p_u õV$p¡L$lp¡ddp„ A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue k„d¡g_dp„ `kpf

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ðepfbpv$ "e|_¡õL$p¡ hëX®$ l¥qfV$¡S> k¡ÞV$f' AqõsÐhdp„ Apìey.

18 A¡râg 1978çpp„ â\d rhð_p Ly$g 1f õ\mp¡_¡ hëX®$ l¥rfV$¡S>_u k|Qudp„ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep. Ap qv$hk_¡ Ðepf¡ rhð

õdpfL$ A_¡ `yfpsÐh õ\m qv$hk ê$`¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡. `f„sy e|_¡õL$p¡A¡ B.k.1983dp„ s¡_¡ dpÞesp âv$p_ L$fu_¡ Ap qv$hk_¡

rhð rhfpks qv$hk ê$`¡ bv$gu _p¿ep¡ lsp¡.

hj® f014_p¡ rhje : "õdfZp¡Ðkh_u rhfpks'

rhð rhfpks qv$hk :

rhð rhfpks qv$hk

hj® f014_u DS>hZu :

rhð rhfpks qv$hk_p¡ Brslpk :

18 A¡râg

Ap„sffpô2$ue `©Õhu qv$hk_u õ\p`_p B.k.1970dp„ Ad¡qfL$u ku_¡V$f S>¡fpëX$ _¡ëk_ Üpfp A¡L$ `ep®hfZ rinZ ê$`¡ L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. S>¡_¡ â\dhpf B.k.1970dp„ ff A¡râg¡ DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy gp¡L$p¡_¡ `ep®hfZ âÐe¡ k„h¡v$_iug b_phhp_p¡

lsp¡. hs®dp_ kde¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ k„O_p Apùhp_ `f Ap qv$hk_¡ ârs hj® ff A¡râg_p qv$hk¡ `|Z® rhðdp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

`ep®hfZ k„fnZ âÐe¡ ÅN©rs a¡gphhp_p l¡sy\u Ap„sffpô2$ue `©Õhu qv$hk_p¡ hj® f014_p¡ rhje "lqfs il¡f' fpMhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_y dy¿e L$pfZ il¡fuL$fZ_u h^su âh©rÑ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ Üpfp kss il¡fp¡ sfa \B fl¡gy `gpe_ R>¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue `©Õhu qv$hk-ff A¡râg

hj® f014_p¡ rhQpf

: "lqfs il¡f'

rhð d

¡

g

¡qfep qv$hk-f` A¡râg

d¡g¡qfep_p r_hpfZ A_¡ r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ kss fp¡L$pZ A_¡ fpS>_ursL$

âqsbÂ^sp_u AphíeL$sp f¡Mp„qL$s L$fhp dpV$¡ rhð d¡g¡qfep qv$hk d_phhpdp„

Apìep¡. Ap Ahkf¡ rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_¡ v$¡ip¡_¡ d¡g¡qfep _pbyv$u sfa AN°¡kf

fl¡hp_u sL$_uL$, `qfQpg_Ns A_¡ _pZpL$ue ìehlpe®sp_y„ ApLg_ L$fhpdp„ dv$v$

L$fhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ d¥Þe|Ag fS|> L$ep£ lsp¡. _hu NpBX$ "d¡g¡qfep r_e„ÓZ\u d¡g¡qfep- DÞd|g__u sfa : DÞd|g_ `qf×íe dpV$¡ Apep¡S>_' S>¡hu A¡L$ ê$`f¡Mp D`gå^

L$fphu lsu. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f000\u vy$r_epcfdp„ d¡g¡qfep\u \_pf

d©Ðeyv$fdp„ 4f % A_¡ X$åëey.A¡Q.Ap¡. ApräL$u n¡Ódp„ 49 S>¡V$gp¡ OV$pX$p¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

B.k. f007dp„ rhð Apfp¡Áe kcp v$fqdep_ rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__p kv$õe

fpô2$p¡ Üpfp rhð d¡g¡qfep qv$hk DS>hhp_u iê$Aps \B lsu. rhð Apfp¡Áe

k„NW$__p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ d¡g¡qfep\u khp®r^L$ âcprhs v$¡i_p `p„Q v$¡i

_pBÆqfep, L$p¢Np¡ gp¡L$sp„qÓL$ NZs„Ó, d¡pTprçbL$, bqL®$_p apkp¡ A_¡ rkA¡fp

rgep¡_ R>¡. cpfs v$¡idp„ hj® f01` ky^udp„ d¡g¡qfep_p dpdgpAp¡dp„ `0 \u 60%

OV$pX$p¡ \hp_u k„cph_p R>¡.

d¡g¡qfep A¡L$ dÃR>fS>Þe àgpTdp¡qX$ed `fÆhu\u DÐ`Þ_ \sp¡ fp¡N R>¡, S>¡

fL$s-L$p¡riL$pAp¡_¡ k„3⁄4rds L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p¡ BgpT A_¡ AV$L$pes \B iL$¡ R>¡. d¡g¡qfep

dpV$¡ lSy> ky^u L$p¡B fku b_u _\u A_¡ s¡_u ârsfp¡^ ndsp hpf„hpf_p k„3⁄4$dZ\u

âpL©$rsL$ fus¡ OqV$s \pe R>¡. d¡g¡qfep fp¡N_p gnZp¡dp„ sph, W„$X$u gpNhu, DëV$u \hu,

ifuf syV$hy, dp\y vy$:Mhy, D^fk rhN¡f¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

"crhóedp„ fp¡L$pZ L$fp¡, d¡g¡qfep_¡ lfphp¡'

hj® f014 A_¡ f01`_p¡ rhje :

rhð d¡g¡qfep qv$hk :

d¡g¡qfep iy„ R>¡ ?

04 kpNfqv$_

05 _¡i_g d¡fuV$pBd X$¡

13 S>rgephpgp„ bpN lÐepL$p„X$

14 X$p ̧. Ap„b¡X$L$f S>ÞdS>e„rs

A¡râg dpk_p AÞe ANÐe_p qv$hkp

¡

Page 4 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 4

cpfs_u Ap„sffpô2$ue kudpAp¡ `f v$¡Mf¡M fpMhp 1 qX$k¡çbf 196`_p

fp¡S> fQpe¡gp bu.A¡k.A¡a._p dlpr_v$£iL$ `v$¡ Akd-d¡Opge L$¡X$f_p hj®

1979_u L$¡X$f_p `p¡guk Ar^L$pfu X$u.L$¡.`pW$L$_u r_dZ|„L$ f A¡râg f013_p

fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡dZ¡ f8 a¡b°yApfu_p fp¡S> k¡hpr_h©s \e¡gp kycpj

Å¡iu_y„ õ\p_ gu^y R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, bu.A¡k.A¡a._p â\d dlpr_v$£iL$

A¡a.ê$õsdÆ lsp.

`yõsL$ rhdp¡Q_

`|h® L$p¡gkp krQh `u.ku.`pf¡M Üpfp A„N°¡Ædp„ gMpe¡gu `yõsL$ "äyk¡X$f Ap ̧f L$p¡Þkr`f¡V$f ?

L$p¡gN¡V$ A¢X$ A^f V3$\k'dp„ ku.bu.ApB._p X$pef¡L$V$f f„Æstklp `f Apn¡`p¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

`yõsL$ g¡ML$_p S>Zphhp dyS>b `p¡sp_p `f ku.bu.ApB. Üpfp Ap¡qX$kpdp„ A¡L$ L$p¡gkp_u MpZ

bpbs¡ L$r\s fus¡ tlv$pëL$p¡_p¡ `n g¡hp_p¡ Apfp¡` gNphpep¡ lsp¡. gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu V$pZ¡ S> fS|>

\e¡gy Ap `yõsL$ `Z X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO dpV$¡ rhhpv$ gB_¡ Apìey R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, g¡ML$ Üpfp hX$pâ^p_

X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_p¡ bQph L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lp¡e s¡hy `yõsL$ Üpfp S>ZpB Aph¡ R>¡.

cpfsue qfT®h b¡ÞL$_p X$¡.Nh®_f `v$¡ 3 A¡râg_p fp¡S>

Apf.Np„^u_u r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ApNpdu

ÓZ hj® ky^u Ap `v$¡ fl¡i¡. s¡dZ¡ k¡hp r_h©Ñ \e¡gp

Ap_„v$ tklp_y„ õ\p_ gu^y R>¡.

B.k.1980dp„ qfTh® b¢L$ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp Apf.Np„^u

b¡qL„$N L$pdL$pS> rhL$pk N¥f b¡qL„$N v$¡Mf¡M, il¡fu rhcpN MQ® s\p bS>¡V$ue

r_e„ÓZ, dprlsu V$¡L$_p ̧gpÆ A_¡ L$p_|_u rhcpN `f v$¡Mf¡M fpMi¡.

g„X$__p qbT_¡k õL|$gdp„\u A¡d.A¡d. s\p Ap¡rlep¡ õV$¡V$ e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u bu.A¡k._u qXN°u d¡mh_pf ky_ug kcfhpg_u

Ad¡rfL$u fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdpA¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue dyÖp L$p¡j l¡sy Ad¡qfL$p_p D`-L$pe®L$pfu r_v$£i sfuL$¡ 4 A¡râg¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fu R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$u kfL$pfdp„ dlÐh`|Z® `v$p¡ `f cpfsue d|m_p Ly$g f4 gp¡L$p¡ L$pe®fs R>¡. S>¡ Ad¡qfLp_u L$p¡B`Z `|h® kfL$pfdp„ `v$p^u_

ìeqL$sAp¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep L$fsp h^y R>¡.

Ap¡bpdp kfL$pfdp„ ky_ug kcfhpg dlÐh`|Z® `v$¡

bu.A¡k.A¡a._p dlpr_v$£iL$ `v$¡ X$u.L$¡.`pW$L$

qfTh® b

¡

ÞL$_p X$¡

àeyV$u Nh®_f sfuL$¡ Apf.Np

„

^u

Ad©skf_p A¡L$ `pfku `qfhpfdp„ 3 A¡râg 1914_p fp¡S> S>Þd¡gp dpZ¡L$ip_y„

âpf„qcL$ qinZ Ad©skfdp„ \ep bpv$ s¡Ap¡ _¥r_spg_u i¡fhyX$ L$p¡g¡S>dp„ v$pMg \ep.

s¡Ap¡ v$l¡fpvy$__u BqÞX$e_ rdg¡V2$u A¡L$¡X$¡du_u â\d b¡Q dpV$¡ `k„v$ \e¡gp 40 rhÛp\}Ap¡

`¥L$u_p A¡L$ lsp. S>ep„\u s¡ L$qdi_ d¡mhu_¡ cpfsue k¡_pdp„ cfsu \ep lsp.

B.k.1969dp„ k¡_pÂen bÞep, B.k.1973dp„ s¡d_¡ raëX$ dpi®g_y„ kÞdp_ âv$p_

L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy, B.k.1973dp„ s¡Ap¡ k¡_p âdyM `v$\u k¡hp r_h©s \ep, f7 S>|_

f008_p fp¡S> s¡d_y„ r_^_ \ey lsy.

hs®dp_ c|rdk¡_p AÂen S>_fg rh3⁄4$dtkl Üpfp f A¡râg¡ "raëX$ dpi®g k¡d dpZ¡L$

ip ^ d¡_ A¡ÞX$ rlT V$pBçk' _pd_p `yõsL_y„$ rhdp¡Q_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. "k¡d

blpvy$f' _pd\u dil|f cpfsue c|rdk¡_p_p kh®î¡›$ S>_fgp¡ `¥L$u_p A¡L$ raëX$ dpi®g

dpZ¡L$ip_u S>Þd ispåv$u_p Ahkf¡ s¡d_u âqsdp_y„ A_phfZ rv$ëlu L$¡ÞV$_p dpZ¡L$ip

L$¡ÞÖdp„ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, raëX$ dpi®g A¡k.A¡Q.A¡a.S>¡ dpZ¡L$ ipA¡ hj® 1971dp„

`pqL$õsp_ kp\¡_p eyÂ^dp„ cpfs_¡ rhS>e A`phhpdp„ dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p r_cphu lsu.

S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ bp„Ágpv¡i_p¡ _hp fpô2$ sfuL$¡ Dv$e \ep¡ lsp¡.

- dpZ¡L$ip_u S>Þd S>e„rs_p Ahkf¡ DV$u A_¡ Ly$Þ_|f Mps¡ kdpfp¡l Apep¡Æs \ep

lsp. Al] s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u Æ„v$Nu_p¡ A„rsd kde rhspìep¡ lsp¡. DV$u\u h¡tgNV$_ ky^u

14 qL$gp¡duV$f gp„bu d¡f¡\p¡_ v$p¥X$_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey lsy. h¡tgNV$_ Mps¡ `Z s¡d_u A¡L$

ârsdp_y„ A_phfZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

"raëX$ dpi®g k¡

d dpZ¡L$ ip ^ d

¡

_ A¡

ÞX$ rlT V$pBçk'

hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_p `|h® duqX$ep kgplL$pf k„S>ebpê$ Üpfp guqMs k„õdfZ "^

A¡L$kuX$¢V$g âpBd rdr_õV$f : ^ d¡qL„$N A¡ÞX$ A_d¡qL„$N Ap ̧a d_dp¡l_tkO'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ 11

A¡râg_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. k„S>e bpê$ hj® f004 \u f008 v$frdep_ hX$pâ^p__p duqX$ep

kgplL$pf lsp.

gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu V$pZ¡ fS|> \e¡gp Ap `yõsL$dp„ hX$pâ^p__¡ _bmp S>Zphu_¡ kÑp_p b¡ ^°yhp¡_u

bpbsp¡_p D‰¡M_¡ L$pfZ¡ `yõsL$ rhhpv$põ`v$ b_u Ney R>¡ Å¡ L$¡, X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_p `qfhpf¡ `Z

`yõsL$ g¡ML$_¡ hmsp âñp¡ `yR>ep lsp L$¡, g¡ML$¡ `p¡s¡ ey.`u.A¡.-f hMs¡ L$p¡B `v$ `f _ lsp sp¡ s¡

kde_u bpbsp¡ s¡Ap¡ L$¡hu fus¡ gMu iL$¡ ? s¡d S>Zphu_¡ g¡ML$¡ hX$pâ^p_ kp\¡ v$Np¡ L$ep®_y„

S>Zpìey„ lsy„.

"^ A¡L$kuX$¢V$g âpBd rdr_õV$f : ^

d¡qL„$N A¡ÞX$ A_d¡qL„$N Ap ̧a

d_dp¡l_tkO'_y„ rhdp¡Q_

"3⁄4y$k¡X$f Ap ̧f L$p ̧Þkr`f¡V$f ?

L$p¡gN¡V$ A¢X$ A^f V3$\k'

fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆA¡ qv$ëlu lpBL$p¡V®$_p dy¿e Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ 11

A¡râg¡ Þeped|rs® Æ. fp¡rlZu_u r_dZ|„L$ L$fu R>¡. Ap kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ qv$ëlu lpBL$p¡V®$dp„

dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$¡ r_dZ|„L$ \_pf â\d drlgp dy¿e Þepep^ui b_u Nep R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ Ap `v$ `f Qpf hj® ky^u fl¡i¡. s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$ kp\¡ qv$ëlu lpBL$p¡V®$dp„

drlgp Þepep^ui_u Ly$g k„¿ep h^u_¡ 10 S>¡V$gu \B NB R>¡.`8 hrj®e

Þeped|rs® Æ. fp¡rlZu Ap„^° âv$¡i lpBL$p¡V®$dp„ k¡hp bÅhu QyL$ep R>¡.

f6 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> k¡hp r_h©s \e¡gp khp¡®ÃQ Av$pgs_p dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® `u.ksrihd_p õ\p_ `f dy¿e Þepep^ui

`v$¡ Þeped|rs® fpS>¡ÞÖ dg gp¡Y$p_u r_dZ|„L$_u Op¡jZp 11 A¡râg¡ fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMÆ® Üpfp \ep bpv$ f7 A¡râg¡ i`\ N°lZ L$ep® lsp.

s¡Ap¡ cpfs_p 41dp„ dy¿e Þepep^ui bÞep R>¡.

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p buÅ hqf›$sd Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡Y$p dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$ `f kàV$¡çbf f014dp„ k¡hp r_h©Ñ \hp

ky^u fl¡i¡.

Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡Y$p_p¡ S>Þd Å¡^`yf (fpS>õ\p_) Mps¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p r`sp `Z fpS>õ\p_ lpBL$p¡V®$_p Þepep^ui flu QyL$ep R>¡.

Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡Y$p B.k.1973dp„ fpS>õ\p_ bpf L$pDqÞkgdp„ fÆõV$X®$ \ep lsp. B.k.1994 ÅÞeyApfudp„ fpS>õ\p_ lpBL$p¡V®$dp„

Þepep^ui \ep A_¡ bpv$dp„ 1` rv$hk bpv$ s¡Z¡ dy„bB lpBL$p¡V®$dp„ õ\p_p„sqfs L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. 13 hj® Ðep„ füp bpv$ a¡b°yApfu

f008_p fp¡S> fpS>õ\p__p dy¿e Þepep^ui bÞep A_¡ bpv$dp„ 17 qX$k¡çbf f008\u khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui `v$¡ r_e|L$s \ep lsp.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, s¡Ap¡A¡ L$p¡gkp L$p„X$, qv$ëludp„ fpô2$`rs ipk_ gNphhp s\p kp„kv$p¡ A_¡ rh^p_ kæep¡ kpd¡ Av$pgsdp„ Qpgu fl¡gp

dyL$v«dpAp¡_u A¡L$ hj®dp„ ky_phZu L$fhp S>¡hp a¢kgp Apàep lsp.

_p¥k¡_p_u kbdfu_ ApB.A¡_.A¡k. tk^yfÐ__p AL$õdps bpv$ `p¡sp_u

_¥rsL$ S>hpbv$pfu õhuL$pfu_¡ _p¥k¡_p_p hX$p`v$¡\u f6 a¡b°yApfu_p fp¡S> fpÆ_pdy

Ap`_pf A¡X$rdfg v$¡h¡ÞÖLy$dpf Å¡iu_p õ\p_ `f A¡X$rdfg Apf.L$¡.^h__u

r_dZ|„L$ 17 A¡râg_p fp¡S> d„Óu d„X$m_u r_eyqL$s krdrs Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

s¡Ap¡ _p¥k¡_p_p 3⁄4$ddp„ ffdp„ hX$p A_¡ ìeqL$s sfuL$¡ f0dp„ cpfsue R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡

L$¡, cpfsue _p¥k¡_p_p â\d hX$p Å ̧_ V$¡gbp¡V$ k¡rh_d lpg lsp.

? A¡X$rdfg Apf.L$¡. ^h_ 1 ÅÞeyApfu 197`_p fp¡S> _p¥k¡_pdp„ kpd¡g \ep

lsp.

? _p¥k¡_p_p hX$p sfuL$¡ s¡d_p¡ L$pe®L$pm d¡ f016 ky^u_p¡ R>¡.

? fpô2$ue fnp AL$pv$dudp„ qinZ lp„kg L$ep® bpv$ s¡dZ¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p _¡hg hp¡f

L$p ̧g¡S>dp„\u ârinZ âpá L$ey® lsy s¡Ap¡ _¡huN¡i_ A_¡ X$pef¡L$i__p rhi¡jo

R>¡.

? s¡Ap¡ rhipm S>lpS> ApB.A¡_.A¡k. MyL$fu, ApB.A¡_.A¡k. f„Æs,

ApB.A¡_.A¡k. qv$ëlu_u L$dp_ k„cpmu QyL$ep R>¡, `[òdu _p¥k¥r_L$ L$dp_dp„

Qua õV$pa Ap¡rakf s¡dS> fpô2$ue fnp AL$pv$du_p L$dp„X$¡V$ `Z flu QyL$ep R>¡.

v$¡i_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u gp¡l AeõL$ L„$`_u fpô2$ue Mq_S> rhL$pk r_Nd_p

AÂen A_¡ ku.A¡d.X$u. sfuL$¡ _f¡ÞÖ L$p¡W$pfu_u r_dZ|„L$ L$fhp d„Óu

d„X$m_u r_e|qL$s krdrsA¡ 16 A¡râg¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu R>¡.

fpô2$ue M_uS> rhL$pk r_Nd_p AÂen`v$¡

_f¡ÞÖ L$p¡W$pfu_¡ r_e|L$s L$fhp d„S|>fu

cpfsue _p¥k¡

_p_p 22dp

„

hX$p `v$¡ A¡

X$rdfg Apf.L$¡

. ^h_ r_e|L$s

fp ̧bu_ L$¡. ^h_

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$¡ Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡Y$p r_e|L$s

Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d.gp¡Y$p :-

qv$ëlu lpBL$p¡V®$_p â\d drlgp

dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$¡ Þeped|rs® Æ.

fp¡rlZu r_e|L$s \ep

cpfs_p _hp _pZp krQh sfuL$¡ Afthv$ dpepfpd

B.k.1978_u fpS>õ\p_ L$¡X$f_p ApB.A¡.A¡k. Ar^L$pfu Afthv$ dpepfpd_u cpfs

kfL$pf¡ L$¡qÞÖe _pZp d„Ópgedp„ _hp _pZp„ krQh sfuL$¡ 1` A¡qâg¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fu R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_p `|h® rhv$¡id„Óu rlg¡fu qLg„V$_ gurMs

`yõsL$ "lpX®$ Qp¡Bkuk'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ 10 S|>__p fp¡S>

L$fhp_u Op¡jZp 21 A¡râg_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

rkdp¡_ A¡ÞX$ iyõV$f Üpfp âL$pris Ap `yõsL$dp„ fpô2$`rs

bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp_p rhv$¡id„Óu ê$`¡ fl¡gp rlg¡fu_u c|rdL$p

`f âL$pi `pX$hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp `p¡sp_p Qpf hj®_p

L$pe®L$pm v$frdep_ kpd¡ Aph¡gp k„L$V$p¡, rhL$ë`p¡ A_¡

`X$L$pfp¡_p¡ Dëg¡M L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. rlg¡fu qLg„V$_

gurMs AÞe `yõsL$ "rgthN rlõV2$u' A_¡ bpmL$p¡ kp\¡

k„b„r^s "BV$ V$¡1⁄4k A rhg¡S>' R>¡.

Aprkep_dp„ â\d cpfsue

fpS>v|$s kyf¡i Ly$dpf f¡Í$u

v$rnZ-`|h® Ariep_p v$¡ip¡_y„ k„NW$_ Aprkep_dp„ 23

A¡râg_p fp¡S> kyf¡iLy$dpf f¡Í$u_u r_dZ|„L$ \hp kp\¡ s¡Ap¡

Ap `v$¡ Aph_pf â\d cpfsue fpS>v|$s b_u Nep R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs `p¡sp_u "`|h® sfa S|>Ap¡' _u _urs

A„sN®s `pR>gp b¡ v$kL$p\u Aprkep_ `f `p¡sp_y„ Ýep_

L$¡rÞÖs L$fu füy R>¡.

v$rnZ-`|h® Ariep_p v$¡ip¡_y„ k„NW$_ Aprkep_ 10

S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_y„ k„NW$_ R>¡. S>¡ Ap`kdp„ Apr\®L$ rhL$pk A_¡

kd©[Ý^_¡ h^pfhp A_¡ n¡Ódp„ ip„rs A_¡ [õ\fsp L$ped

L$fhp_p l¡sykf L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_u õ\p`_p 8 Ap¡Nô$

1967_p fp¡S> \pBg¡ÞX$_u fpS>^p_u b¢L$p¡L$ Mps¡ \B lsu.

hs®dp_ kde¡ s¡_y dy¿ed\L$ HX$p¡_¡riep_u fpS>^p_u

ÅL$psp® Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. s¡_p k„õ\p`L$ v$¡i HX$p¡_¡riep,

\pBg¡ÞX, dg¡riep ,rarg`pBÞk, tkNp`yf lsp. by°_¡B

Ap k„NW$_dp„ 1984dp„, rhA¡s_pd 1995dp„ gpAp¡k

A_¡ bdp® 1997dp„ s¡_p kv$õe bÞep lsp. B.k.

1994dp„ Aprkep_¡ A¡riepB ap¡fd_u õ\p`_p L$fu lsu.

Aprkep_

rlg¡fu qLg„V$_

gurMs `yõsL$

"lpX®$ Qp¡Bkuk'

Page 6 of 28

"aygp¡_u OpV$u' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpsy rldpQg âv$¡i fpS>e f` ÅÞeyApfu

1971_p fp¡S> AqõsÐhdp„ Apìey. fpS>e rldpge_u Np¡v$dp„ hk¡gy lp¡e

s¡_p `f v$¡hspAp¡_p Apri®hpv$ R>¡. s¡_¡ "v$¡h c|rd' sfuL$¡ `Z

Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. fpS>e k„õL©rs A_¡ Ly$v$fsu kp¦v$e®\u kd©Â^ R>¡.

âpQu_ Brslpk_p¡ Aæepk L$fsp ÅZhp dm¡ R>¡ L$¡ Alu hkhpV$ L$fsu

S>_ÅrsAp¡_¡ "v$pk' L$l¡hpdp„ Aphsu lsu. Ðepfbpv$_p kde¡ Al]_p

gp¡L$p¡A¡ dp¥e®, LyjpZ, Nyá fpS>h„ip¡_u kÑp qõhL$pf L$fu lsu. 19du kv$u

v$frdep_ dlpfpÅ fZÆstkl¡ rhõspf_p A_¡L$ âv$¡ip¡_¡ `p¡sp_p fpS>e

kp\¡ Å¡X$u v$u^p lsp. õhs„Ósp âp[á bpv$ gNcN 70 fS>hpX$pAp¡_¡

c¡mhu_¡ 1` Ap¡Nô$ B.k.1948 rldpQg âv$¡i _pd¡ L$¡ÞÖipqks

âv$¡i b_phhpdp„ Apìep¡. 1 _h¡çbf 1966dp„ `„Åb fpS>e_p

`y_:NW$_ kde¡ s¡_p Ad|L$ rhõspf qldpQg âv$¡idp„ Apìep lsp.

rldpge_p `h®sp¡_u NufudpmpAp¡ hÃQ¡ Aph¡gp fpS>e_u DÑf¡ S>çdy- L$píduf, `[òd¡ `„Åb, v$rnZ¡ lqfepZp, S>epf¡ `|h®dp„ rsb¡V$ Aph¡g R>¡. fpS>e_y

Ly$g n¡Óam 55,673 hN® qL$.du. fpS>^p_u rkdgp R>¡. Ly$g 1f rS>ëgp

^fph¡ R>¡.

fpS>e_u dy¿e _v$uAp¡ rQ_pb, fphu, rbApk, ksgS> dy¿e R>¡. ksgS> _v$u `f

Q¡flpf `qfep¡S>_p A_¡ tkQpB dpV$¡ L$p„NX$p rS>‰pdp„ ipl_lf `qfep¡S>_p Aph¡gu R>¡.

fpS>edp„ Aph¡gu _v$uAp¡ `f S>mrhÛys DÐ`ß L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

fpS>e_p¡ cp¥Np¡rgL$ Y$p„Qp¡ A¡L$v$d S>V$ug R>¡. Al]_u Ly$g 69 V$L$p hksu L©$rj `f

Ap^pf fpM¡ R>¡. dy¿e `pL$ OJ, Qp¡Mp, bV$¡V$p, A„Æf, diê$d, L$¡fu guQu, S>dê$M,

_pk`rs A_¡ kafS>_ S>¡hp ^pÞe `pL$ A_¡ amp¡_u M¡su \pe R>¡.

S>du_ dy¿eÐh¡ fp¡L$ kp¡ëV$, rS>àkd, Qy_p, `Õ\f, b¡fpBV$k, X$p¡gp¡dpBV$ S>¡hu

M_uÅ¡\u kd©Â^ R>¡. Ly$g 37,033 hN® qL$.du. hÞe rhõspf R>¡. S>¡dp„ fp¡lgp fpô2$ue

`pL®$ A_¡ riL$pfu v$¡hu AæepfÎe Aph¡gy R>¡, S>¡dp„ L$õsyfu, d©N, S„>Ngu bL$fp, L$pmp

f]R>, qv$`X$p hN¡f¡ S>¡hp `iy hkhpV$ L$f¡ R>¡.

tkQpB M¡su-S>du_

`p„Q V$¡L$fuAp¡ A_¡ s¡_u Apk`pk_p rhõspfdp„ hk¡gy A_¡ Q„bp rS>‰p_y„ âh¡i Üpf NZpsy X$¡glpDku

kdyÖ k`pV$u\u f080 duV$f JQpB ^fphsy qNqfd\L$ R>¡. Al] qX$k¡çbf-ÅÞeyApfu v$frdep_ bfa hjp®

\pe R>¡. rb°qV$i hpBkfp¡e gp¡X®$ X$¡glpDku_p _pd `f\u Ap il¡f_y„ _pd X$¡glpDku `X$ey R>¡. s¡Ap¡ D_pmp_u

fÅAp¡ Npmhp Al] Aphsp lsp. Ap õ\m_p¡ rhL$pk B.k.18`4dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡.

Al] L$pf¡gp _pd_p õ\m¡ Aph¡gp TfZp_y„ `pZu `uhp\u ne_p¡ fp¡N dV$¡ R>¡. _¡spÆ kycpjQ„Ö bp¡T¡ Ap

TfZp_y„ `pZu r_erds k¡h_ L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_p¡ ne_p¡ fp¡N dV$pX$ep¡ lsp¡.

X$¡glpDku

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 6

fpS>e Ly$g 36,264 qL$.du. S>¡V$gp¡ kX$L$ dpN® ^fph¡ R>¡. S>epf¡ fpô2$ue ^p¡fudpN®_u Ly$g g„bpB

1f08 qL$.du. R>¡. Al] S>çdy-L$píduf_p g¡l\u fpS>e_p d_pgu ky^u Aphsp¡ ^p¡fudpN® rhð_p¡

kp¥\u JQpB ^fphsp¡ ^p¡fudpN® R>¡. fpS>edp„ _p_u f¡gh¡ gpB_ `W$pZL$p¡V$ \u Å¡NuÞv$f _Nf

ky^u_u (L$p„NX$p f¡gdpN® R>¡.)

âhpkuAp¡ dpV$¡ rh¿eps L$pgL$p-rkdgp _¡fp¡N¡S> gpB_ `f_u dykpafu_y„ ApL$j®Z lp¡e R>¡.

Al] ApX$p Ahmp hmp„L$p¡ A_¡ v$i®r_e `h®sp¡ A_¡ kp„¥v$e®\u g\`\ OpV$u `kpf L$fsu V2$¡__u Ap

dykpafu Æh__p¡ A¡L$ ArhõdfZue rlõkp¡ b_u fl¡ R>¡. lhpB dykpafu dpV$¡_y„ A¡f`p¡V®$ Ly$‰y `pk¡_p

cyÑpf, rkdgp _ÆL$ S>åbpflË$u A_¡ L$p„NX$p `pk¡ N„Npg A¡d Ly$g ÓZ lhpB d\L$p¡ R>¡.

`qfhl_

rkdgp

L$pgudpsp_p¡ Ahspf d_psp "íepdgp v$¡hu' _p _pd `f\u rkdgp _pd `X$ey

R>¡. S>¡ kdyÖ sV$\u 7f67 ayV$_u JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. rldpQg âv$¡i_y„ `pV$_Nf A¡hy Ap

il¡f A^®Q„ÖpL$pf¡ rhL$ku_¡ hõey lp¡e s¡hp¡ _Åfp¡ v$¡Mpe R>¡. rb°qV$i ipk_ v$fçep_

cpfs_u D_pmy fpS>^p_u Al] fl¡su.

Ap v$f¡L$ õ\m D`fp„s rbApk _v$u_¡ L$p„W$¡ hk¡gy d„X$u ANÐe_y il¡f R>¡.

^

d

i® pgp

Ly$v$fsu kp¦v$e®\u R>gL$psp L$p„NX$p rS>‰p_p dy¿e d\L$ ^d®ipgpdp„ B.k.1960\u bp¥Â^ ^d®

Nyê$ v$gpBgpdp rQ__p ipkL$p¡_p Ópk_¡ L$pfZ¡ rsb¡V$ R>p¡X$u_¡ Al] hõep R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡ bp¥Â^

^d®_p gpdp kp^yAp¡ `Z fl¡ R>¡. B.k.1862-63_p rb°qV$i hpBkfp¡e gp¡X®$ A¡[ëN__¡ Ap õ\m

s¡d_p hs_ õL$p¡V$g¡ÞX$_u epv$ A`phsy lsy. kdN° `„\L$dp„ Ap¡L$, `pB_, k¡v$pf S>¡hp Bdpfsu

gpL$X$p_p h©np¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

A_p¡Mu âpQu_ _Nfu NZpsp Q„bp A_¡ s¡_u

_ÆL$_p MÆepf M|b S> dlÐh_p qNqfd\L$p¡ R>¡. Q MÆepf "rldpge_y„ qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$' NZpe R>¡. „bp

bfa_u Qpv$f\u Y„$L$pe¡gp qiMfp¡, OpV$uAp¡, duW$p`pZu_p TfZpAp¡\u R>hpe¡gp

Ly$afudp„ iuepmpdp„ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u fdsp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ \pe R>¡. A_¡ M¡g L$pr_®hg_y„

L

Apep¡S>_ Myb S> dlÐh_y lp¡e R>¡. Ap õ\m fds`°¡duAp¡ dpV$¡ Apv$i® R>¡. y$a

fu

d_pgu rS>‰p_y„ NZpsy Ly$‰y kárj®

F$rjAp¡_y„ r_hpk õ\p_ NZpsy. âpQu_

kde_y„ ayg„\`uW$ A\p®s "hkhp ep¡Áe

vy$r_ep_p¡ A„s' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpsy Ly$‰y cpfsdp„

"v$¡hspAp¡_u OpV$u' sfuL$¡ `Z ÅZusy R>¡.

Al]_p lõs rië`, d„qv$f, kafS>__p

bNuQp, v$i¡fp_p¡ sl¡hpf âhpkuAp¡_¡ ApL$j£

R>¡. Al] d_pgu\u gX$pM ky^u A_¡ Ðep„\u

ApNm S>sp L$pfpL$p¡fd OpV$ âpQu_ ìep`pf

dpN®_y„ Apf„c_y„ il¡f NZpsy S>epf¡ d_pgu _pd b°pûZ ^d®_p õ\p`L$ d_y_p _pd `f\u `X$ey

R>¡. s¡_p¡ A\® "d_y_y„ r_hpkõ\p_' A¡hp¡ \pe R>¡. Al] s¡_y„ d„qv$f R>¡. d_pgudp„ S>_õL$f `h®s

`f QX$hp_p¡ A_¡fp¡ Ap_„v$ âhpkuAp¡ d¡mh¡ R>¡. Ly$‰y-d_pgudp„ âhpkuAp¡ V2$¡L$]N, fpaV$uN,

`h®spfp¡lZ, `¡fpÁgpBX$]N_u fds_p¡ Ap_„v$ dpZ¡ R>¡. Al] V$pBd d¡N¡Tu_¡ A¡riep_u kh®î¡›$

A_p¡Mu fds sfuL$¡ _hpS>¡gu "ep¡L$ õL$uHN'_y„ Apep¡S>_ \pe R>¡.

epÓp^pd A_

¡

`e®V$_ õ\m

cNhp_ iuh_p kkfp fpÅ v$n âÅ`qsA¡ eo_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$ey® A_¡ iuh_¡

Apd„ÓZ _ Apàey A_¡ lpS>f dpsp `ph®su_y„ A`dp_ Ley® iuhÆ rhj¡_u V$uL$p

kp„cmu_¡ dpsp `ph®su_¡ gpNu Aphsp eodp„ `p¡sp_u Aplysu Ap`u. S>¡ kdpQpf

iuhÆ_¡ dmsp s¡Ap¡A¡ fp¥Ö õhê$` ^pfZ L$ey® A_¡ ksu_p rhfldp„ ìepLy$m b_u_¡

ksu_p v$¡l_¡ gB_¡ ÓZ¡ gp¡L$dp„ Oydhp gpÁep Ap\u cNhp_ rhóÏA¡ `p¡sp_p

kyv$i®_ Q3⁄4$ hX$¡ kqs_p ifuf_p Vy$L$X$p L$ep®. S>¡ õ\m `f Ap Vy$L$X$pAp¡ `X$ep s¡

irL$s`uW$ bÞep. S>¡ Ly$g `1 iqL$s`uW$ R>¡. S>¡ `¥L$u_u AdyL$ rldpQg âv$¡idp„ Aph¡gu

R>¡.

tQÑ`|Z}v$¡hu A\p®s "rQ„spv$yzf L$f_pf' iqL$s`uW$ d„qv$f D_p Ɖp_p cfhpB

_pd_p õ\m¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. Al] ksu `ph®sudpsp_p `N_p AdyL$ A„i `X$ep lsp. Ap

õ\m_u ip¡^ dpBv$pk _pd_p cL$s¡ L$fu lsu. L$p„NXp rS>‰pdp„ Aph¡gp S>hpgpv$¡hu

iqL$s`uW$ d„qv$f_u S>ÁepA¡ dpsp `ph®su_u Æc `X$u lsu. Alu dpsp_p v$i®_

S>ep¡rs õhê$`¡ \pe R>¡. S>epf¡ dgp f¡gh¡ õV$¡i__u _ÆL$ Aph¡gy Q„X$uv$¡hu_y„ d„qv$f

bpZN„Np_p sV$¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. dpsp Qpdy„X$pA¡ Al] iyc-r_iy„c_p fpnk-Q„X$-dy„X$_p¡

h^ L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap D`fp„s _NfL$p¡V$ L$p„NX$pdp„ h°S>¡ðfu v$¡hu_y„ d„qvf Aph¡gy R>¡.

Page 7 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 7

õ`¡_ e|fp¡`ue k„O_y„ A¡L$ kv$õe fpô2$ R>¡, S>¡ `[òd e|fp¡`dp„ ApBb¡qfe_ âpeqÜ`_p 4/5 cpNdp„

a¡gpe¡gp¡ R>¡. bprgepqV$L$ A_¡ L$¡_fu V$p`y s¡_p A„N R>¡. õ`¡__u v$rnZ A_¡ `|h£ c|dÝe rb°qV$i c|rd

Æb°pëV$f_u A¡L$ _p_u kudp, DÑf A_¡ Bip_¡ äp„k, AÞX$p¡fp A_¡ rbõL$¡_u MpX$u s\p `[òdp¡Ñfdp„ `p¡sy®Ng

A_¡ `[òd¡ A¡V$gpqV„$L dlpkpNf Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. 674 qL$gp¡duV$f gp„bp¡ r`f¡_uS> `h®s õ`¡__¡ äp„k\u AgN L$f¡ R>¡.

$õ`¡_ A¡L$ k„h¡^pr_L$ fpÅiplu A„sN®s A¡L$ k„kv$ue kfL$pf ê$`¡ frQs A¡L$ gp¡L$s„Ó R>¡. S>¡ rhL$rks A_¡

vy$r_ep_u bpfdp _„bf_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u A\®ìehõ\p ^fph¡ R>¡. Alu_y„ Æh_õsf `Z M|b S> JQy R>¡, S>¡ DÃQsd

dp_h k|QL$p„L$ ^fph¡ R>¡.

âpNA¥rslprkL$ L$pm\u gB_¡ A¡L$ v$¡i õhê$`¡ A[õsÐhdp„ Apìep ky^u õ`¡__y„ fpÄen¡Ó L$¡V$gpe¡ bplfu

âcphp¡_¡ Apr^_ füy. fp¡d_L$pmdp„ s¡ rlõ`pr_ep fpÄe lsy, S>¡ kurds b_sp rhrkNp¡r\L$ fpÄe bÞey. B.k.

711dp„ ApqäL$p_p d|f ipkL$ spfuL$ rb_ T¥v$ Üpfp rhrkNp¡r\L$p¡_u Ap`ku gX$pB_p¡ apev$p¡ DW$phu_¡ s¡_p `f

L$bÅ¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ðepfbpv$ Alu kuqfep\u r_óL$prks \e¡gp Ddèev$ rMgpas Apìep.

dy[õgdp¡_y„ ipk_ `|Z® õ`¡_ (Ag-A„v$g|k) `f füy `f„sy DÑf A_¡ DÑf `|h®dp„ b¡ _p_p õhs„Ó fpÄep¡

`Z A[õsÐh ^fphsp lsp. v$kdu kv$udp„ L$p¡v$p®bp Mps¡_p kpd°pÄedp„ dy[õgd, BkpB A_¡ elyv$uAp¡ kp\¡

dmu_¡ M|b S> AkfL$pfL$ k„õL©$rs ^fphsp lsp. Ðepfbpv$ dy[õgdp¡A¡ BkpBAp¡_¡ lfphhp_y„ iê$ L$ey®.

`„v$fdu kv$udp„ `p¡sy®Ng_p fpS>Ly$dpf l¡_fu A_¡ AÞep¡A¡ ApräL$p_p õeyV$p A_¡ dp¡fp¡1⁄2$p¡ `f Ap3⁄4$dZ

L$fu_¡ `[òd ApräL$p_p sV$p¡ `f ApNm Qpgsp füp A_¡ s¡d_y„ _p¥L$pv$m k¡_¡Ng _v$u_p dyM ky^u `lp¢Qu Ney

S>¡ A¡L$ dlÐh`|Z® rkÝ^u lsu, L$pfZ L$¡ s¡ kde¡ Ap rhõspf_¡ vy$r_ep_p A„s sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡.

Ak„¿e epÓpAp¡ bpv$ e|fp¡`_p gp¡L$p¡_p¡ vyr_ep rhj¡_p¡ rhðpk bv$gpsp¡ Nep¡. `p¡sy®Ng_p fpÅ, l¡_fu A_¡ s¡_p

cpB cÓuÅAp¡A¡ ip¡^_p L$¡V$gpe¡ Arcep_p¡ Qgpìep. B.k. 1492dp„ dpL$p£`p¡gp¡_p epÓp h©sp„s\u âcprhs

\B_¡ `|h®dp„ S>hp dpV$¡ `[òd sfua\u epÓpA¡ r_L$ýep L$pfZ L$¡, s¡d_¡ kprbs L$fhy lsy L$¡, `©Õhu Np¡m R>¡, S>¡

h¡õV$ BqÞX$T ky^u `lp¢Qu Nep Ðepfbpv$ B.k. 1498dp„ hpõL$p¡-X$u Npdp `p¡sp_p `|h®epÓuAp¡A¡ bsph¡gp

_L$ipAp¡_p¡ klpfp¡ gB_¡ cpfs ky^u `lp¢Qu Nep¡. B.k. 1492dp„ L$p¡g„bk Üpfp õ`¡_ dpV$¡ Ad¡qfL$p_u ip¡^

kp\¡ õ`¡_ A¡L$ dlp_ D`r_h¡iL$ kpd°pÄe b_u Ney.

â\d rhð eyÝ^ bpv$ Alu S>_fg ä¢L$p¡A¡ sp_piplu õ\pr`s L$fu s¡_y„ d©Ðey B.k. 1975dp„ \sp

B.k. 1976\u Alu k„h¡^pr_L$ fpS>s„Ó_u õ\p`_p \B.

õ`¡_dp„ kfL$pfu-rb_ kfL$pfu b„_¡ âL$pf_u rinZ k„õ\pAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡. rb_ kfL$pfu rinZ k„õ\pAp¡

rNqfÅOfp¡_p r_e„ÓZdp„ R>¡. âp\rdL$ rinZ r_i|ëL$ A_¡ Ar_hpe® R>¡. d¡qX$2X$ e|r_hrk®V$u rhÛp\}_u k„¿ep_u

Öô$uA¡ Alu_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u e|r_hrk®V$u R>¡, s¡dS> B.k. 1250dp„ õ\`pe¡g Alu_u kp¥\u âpQu_ e|r_hrk®V$u

kpgpdpÞL$p R>¡.

-õ`¡_dp„ 6 S>¡V$gu dy¿e `h®sdpmpAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡, S¡_y„ kp¥\u JQy riMf `¡fv$uv$p¡ R>¡. s\p `p„Q dy¿e _v$uAp¡

A¡b°p¡, vy$A¡fp¡, spN|k, vy$Ap qv$ Ap_p, NyApv$gL$u huf R>¡.

-õ`¡_ `p„Q õ\mpL©$qsL$ n¡Óp¡dp„ hl¢Qpe¡gy R>¡.

(1) DÑfu sV$hs} L$qV$b„^

(2) L$¡qÞÖe `W$pf e¡k¡sp

(3) v$nuZ`|h} c|dÝe kpNqfe L$qV$b„^ g¡hpÅ¡

(4) kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ _Nf ApÞv$pg|kuAp

(`) DÑf `|h® n¡Ó_u L$¡V$¡gp¡r_ep A_¡ A¡b°p¡ OpV$u

-õ`¡__u S>mhpey bv$gsu fl¡ R>¡. DÑfu sV$hs} n¡Óp¡dp„ W„$X$u, L$¡qÞÖe `W$pfdp„ riepmpdp„ W„$X$u A_¡ Nfdudp„

Nfd fl¡ R>¡. hprj®L$ kf¡fpi hfkpv$ 100 k¡.du. s\p 75 k¡.du. S>¡V$gp¡ fl¡ R>¡. Sy>v$p Sy>v$p âL$pf_u S>mhpey

lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ âpL©rsL$ h_õ`rsAp¡dp„ `Z rhrcÞ_sp Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. DÑf¡ AMfp¡V$, Q¡õV$_V$, A¡ëd S>¡hp h©np¡

Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

vy$r_epdp„ S>¥sy_ A_¡ `pfp_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ DÐ`pv$L$ v$¡i

¢ fpS>^p_u : d¡qX2$X$

¢ fpô2$ hp1⁄4e : dpQp® f¡Apg ep

¢ ipk_ âZpgu : k„h¡^pr_L$ fpS>s„Ó

¢ kfL$pfu cpjp : õ`¡r_i

¢ AÞe cpjp : L$¡V$¡gp¡_, bpõL$, N¥g¡rie_

¢ ^d® : BkpB (dp¡V$p cpN¡ L$¡\p¡rgL$)

¢ dyÖp : e|fp¡ (hj® 2002dp„ A`_pìey)

¢ âÅrs : _pfqv$L$

¢ DÛp¡N : kysh÷

¢ Apeps : H^Z

¢ r_L$pk : dp¡V$f hpl_

¢ fpô2$ue qv$_ : 12 Ap¡L$V$p¡bf

¢ hksu : 47.27 rdrge_ (2012)

¢ il¡fu hksu : 77 %

dp¡V$p il¡f : bpk£gp¡_p,hpg¡_kuAp

rkh¡e¡,dpgpNp, kpfp_p¡kp

õ`¡__p kp¥\u rhL$rks rhõspfp¡ `¥L$u_p¡ A¡L$ A¡hp L$¥V$pgp¡q_ep dpV$¡ L$¥V$p¡rge_ Ar^L$pfuAp¡ Üpfp

õhs„Ósp dpV$¡_p l¡sykf S>_ds k„N°l L$fphhp_u dp„N_¡ õ`¡__u k„kv$ Üpfp 8 A¡râg¡ Wy$L$fphu v$¡hpdp„ Aphu

lsu. Ap S>_ds 9 A¡râg¡ L$fphhp_y„ âõsprhs lsy. k„kv$dp„ S>_ds k„N°l_u rhê$Â^dp„ f99 sfa¡Zdp„

47 kp„kv$p¡A¡ ds Apàep lsp.

Ap `l¡gp õ`¡__p hX$pâ^p_ d¥fuAp_p¡ fpSp¡>e Üpfp Q¡shZu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu L$¡ S>_ds k„N°l

õ`¡_ A_¡ L$¥V$pgp¡r_ep b„_¡ dpV$¡ Apr\®L$ Ap`qÑ kprbs \i¡.

¥ rhõspf_u hksu 7.` rdrge_ R>¡. S>¡ õ`¡__u Ly$g hksu_p 16% S>¡V$gu R>¡.

¥ õ`¡__p kp¥\u rhL$rks rhõspfp¡ `¥L$u_p¡ Ap rhõspf õ`¡__u A\® ìehõ\pdp„ `p„Qdy„ õ\p_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

¥ Ap rhõspf Å¡Ap_ dufp¡, kpëhpX$p¡f X$pgu S>¡hp L$gpL$pf A_¡ A¢V$p¡_u NpDX$u S>¡hp hpõsyL$pfp¡_u c|rd R>¡.

¥ õ`¡__u AdyL$ dp¡V$u L„$`_uAp¡ S>¡hu L$¡ L$pBA¡L$kpb¢L$, kpbpX$¡g, Ágp¡bg HäpõV2$L$Qf L„$`_u AbqV®$k

A¡ÞX$ e|qV$rgqV$ N¡k _¡Qfëk Ap rhõspfdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡.

Alu gNcN v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u M_uS> âQyf dpÓpdp„ dmu Aph¡ R>¡. dpB_]N Alu AphL$_y„ A¡L$ ANÐe_y„

kp^_ R>¡. gp¡M„X$, L$p¡gkp¡, sp„by, S>ks, kuky, N„^L$, d¢N¡_uT _u MpZp¡ Alu dmu Aph¡ R>¡. s¡dS>

vy$r_epdp„ kp¥\u Ar^L$ dpÓpdp„ `pfp¡ ^psy kp¡__u Aëdpv$¡__u MpZdp„\u dmu Aph¡ R>¡.

Brslpk

`„v$fdu kv$u

rinZ

cp¥Np¡rgL$

spS>¡sfdp„ e|3⁄4$¡_ v$¡idp„\u 3⁄4$urdep rhõspf_y„ fqiep v$¡idp„

rhrg_uL$fZ \hp kp\¡ õ`¡_dp„ `Z L$¥V$pgp¡r_ep _pd_p

kd©Ý^ n¡Ódp„\u AgN \hp dp„N DW$u lsu.

M_uS>

õ`¡_dp„ L©$rj_p¡ Mpk rhL$pk \ep¡ _\u R>sp `Z Alu AphL$_y„ dy¿e kp^_ M¡su R>¡. dy¿e

`pL$ OJ R>¡ A¡ rkhpe _pf„Nu, ^p_, Xy„$Nmu, bV$¡V$p, L$`pk, sdpL|$, L$¡mp_p¡ `pL$ g¡hpe R>¡.

vy$r_epdp„ S>¥sy__p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ DÐ`pv$L$ v$¡i õ`¡_ R>¡.

Alu bL$fuAp¡ `Z dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ `pmhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡dS> DÑfu kdyÖ sV$¡ kpfX$u_, L$p ̧X$,

V|$_p ÅrsAp¡_u dpR>guAp¡ `L$X$u_¡ h¡Qhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. h÷ DÛp¡N, fkperZL$ DÛp¡N, gp¡M„X$,

rkd¡ÞV$, L$pNm DÛp¡N_p¡ rhL$pk `Z TX$`\u \ep¡ R>¡.

Np M

s

¡

-

u

DÛ ¡

õ`¡__p â\d hX$pâ^p_ A¡X$p¡ëap¡ Np¡ÞTpg¡T s\p

hs®dp_dp„ dpfuep_p¡ fpÅ¡e b°¡ R>¡. fpÅ lyAp_ L$pgp£k R>¡.

fpS>L$ue

õ`¡r_i cpjp qlÞv$-e|fp¡`ue cpjp `qfhpf_u ipMp `¥L$u_u A¡L$ cpjp R>¡, S>¡ vy$r_epdp„ khp®r^L$

bp¡ghpdp„ Aphsu cpjpAp¡ `¥L$u_u A¡L$ R>¡. õ`¡_, ApS>£qÞV$$_p, rQgu, bp¡gurhep, `_pdp, `fpÁh¡,

`¡ê$, d¡qL$kL$p¡, L$p¡õV$pqfL$p, Ag kpëhpX$p¡f, L$e|bp, Dê$Áh¡, h¡_¡TyA¡gp rhN¡f¡ v$¡ip¡_u s¡ dy¿e L$¡

fpÄecpjp $ cpjp R>¡. õ`¡r_i_p¡ kdph¡i k„eyL$s fpô2$_u 6 Ar^L$pqfL$ cpjpAp¡dp„ \e¡gp¡ R>¡.

e|fp¡`ue k„Odp„ `Z s¡ Ar^L$pqfL$ cpjp ê$`¡ D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpe R>¡.

õ`¡r_i bp¡gQpg_u g¡qV$_ cpjpdp„\u rhL$rks \B R>¡. S>¡ Ap¥b¡qfe_ âpeqÜ`dp„ fp¡d_p gp¡L$p¡

Üpfp gphhpdp„ Aphau lsu. õ`¡r_i_p¡ gurMs dp`v„$X$ 13du kv$u v$frdep_ V$p¡g¡X$p¡dp„ rhL$rks

\ep¡ lsp¡. B.k. 1492dp„ A¡rgep¡ A¢V$p¡r_ep¡ v$¡ _¡rb°Å Üpfp kpgpdpÞL$pdp„ gMpe¡gu N°pd¡V$uL$p X$¡

gp g¢Áh¡ L$¡õV$¡gp_p

"

' A¡L$ Ap^yr_L$ e|fp¡`ue cpjp dpV$¡ gMpe¡gu â\d ìepL$fZ `yõsL$ R>¡.

¬ rlõ`¥r_L$ L$¡ g¡qV$_ Ad¡qfL$_ d|m_p gp¡L$p¡ s\p d¡qL$kL$p¡ bpv$ lh¡ Ad¡qfL$p `Z rhð_p¡

buÅ _„bf_p¡ õ`¡r_i cpjp bp¡g_pf v$¡i b_u Nep¡ R>¡.

¬ ApräL$pdp„ BL$h¡V$p¡qfeg rN_udp„ õ`¡r_i Ar^L$pqfL$ cpjp R>¡ s¡dS> ApräL$u k„O_u `Z

Ar^L$pqfL$ cpjp R>¡.

¬ A¡riep âip„sdp„ B.k. 1565dp„ õ`¡r_i ipk__u iê$Aps\u 1973 ky^u A¡L$ k„h¡^pr_L$

`qfhs®_ \hp ky^u rarg`pBÞkdp„ A¡L$ Ar^L$pqfL$ cpjp lsu.

õ`¡r_i cpjp

L$¥V$pgp

¡r_ep_u õhs

„

Ósp dpV$¡ L$fphpe

¡

gp S>_ds k

„

N°l_

¡ õ`

¡

__u kfL$pf¡ fv$1

L$ep

£

L$¥V$pgp¡r_ep rhõspf

õhs„Ó \hp dpV$¡_u dp„N :-

Ap rhõspf_¡ â\d\u S> M|b S> õhpessp dm¡gu R>¡. S>¡dp rinZ, Apfp¡Áe, `p¡rgk rhcpN

`f dlÐh`|Z® õhipk_p¡ Ar^L$pf kpd¡g R>¡. R>sp `Z BV$prge_ fpô2$hpv$_¡ õ`¡__p lprgep Apr\®L$

k„L$V$ bpv$ h^y Nrs dmu R>¡. Ap n¡Ódp„ õhs„Ósp Ap„v$p¡g_ õ`¡__u AÐe„s A_yrQs L$f âZpgu A_¡

L$¥V$prge_ cpjpdp„ rinZ ìehõ\p `f k„Oj®_¡ L$pfZ¡ `¡v$p \B R>¡.

L$¡V$pgp¡r_ep_p Ar^L$pfu gp„bp kde\u õ`¡_ kfL$pf kpd¡ õhs„Ósp_u dp„N L$fu füp R>¡. S>¡ k„b„^¡

qX$k¡çbf f013dp„ L$¥V$prge_ kfL$pf¡ L$¥V$pgp¡r_ep_u âÅ kpd¡ b¡ khpg dyL$ep lsp. (1) L$¥V$pgp¡r_ep_¡

A¡L$ fpS>e b_phhp BÃR>p¡ R>p¡ L$¡, (f) A¡L$ õhs„Ó v$¡i õhê$`¡ Å¡hp BÃR>p¡ R>p¡.

Page 8 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 8

õ`¡_dp„ d¡qX2$X$ il¡f s\p Alu_y„ k„N°lpge, A¡õL$pqfApg dl¡g, sp¡g¡v$p¡ s\p kp_ k¡bpkrsAp_ `pk¡_p¡ v$i®_ue õ\mp¡ Adf¡g¡v$ kdyÖ sV$ v$i®_ue R>¡. Alu sl¡hpfp¡ s\p AÞe qv$hkp¡dp„ h©jceyÝ^_y„ Apep¡S>_ \pe R>¡.

Æb°pëV$f Mps¡ Aph¡gp¡ A¥qslprkL$

dÝeeyNu_ d|qfi qL$gp¡ s\p s¡dp Aph¡gp¡

dil|f V$phf Ap ̧a lp¡d¡S> epÓuL$p¡_¡ v|$f \u S>

_Tf¡ QX$¡ R>¡.

d|qfi qL$gp¡

AÞv$gykuep n¡Ó Mps¡_p rkA¡fp dp¡f¡_p

`lpX$ î¡Zudp„\u r_L$mu_¡ L$pv$uS>_u MpX$udp„

A„^ dlpkpNfdp„ dmsu v$rnZ `[òd n¡Ó_u

Ap qfAp¡ rsÞsp¡ _v$u `p¡sp_p gpg-_pf„Nu

L$gf_p `pZu dpV$¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ dil|f R>¡.

s¡_u g„bpB 100 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡.

k¦qV$epNp¡ b_®gy õV$¡qX$ed

qfeg d¡qX2$X$_u dprgL$u ^fphsy 85,454 v$i®L$p¡_u b¡W$L$ ndsp

kp\¡_y„ ayV$bp¡g õV$¡qX$ed R>¡.

L$¡_fu V$p`y_p V$¡_fpBL$ Mps¡ Aph¡gp¡ A¡L$ dy¿e S>hpmpdyMu A_¡

õ`¡__p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ `h®s R>¡. B.k. 2007dp„ s¡_¡ rhð rhfpks Op¡rjs

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. s¡_u JQpB 3718 duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡.

L$¡\¡X2$g qX$ k¡Np¡rhep

k¡Np¡rhep _Nf_u hÃQ¡ il¡f_p kp¥\u JQp riMf `f Aph¡gy ârkÝ^ fp¡d_ L$¡\p¡rgL$

rNfÅOf Aph¡gy R>¡. S>¡_y„ rië` õ\p`Ðe AÐe„s âcphipmu R>¡.

õ`¡__p d|f kygsp_p¡A¡ dÝe Q¥pv$du kv$udp„ b_ph¡gp¡

A¥rslprkL$ dl¡g A_¡ qL$gp¡ R>¡ S>¡ N°p_pv$p il¡fdp„ Aph¡gp¡

R>¡. s¡_y `yê$_pd "Ag-L$gps Ag ld°p' R>¡.

h©jceyÝ^

L$¡_fu qÜ`kd|l, kpÞsp

3⁄4y$k v$¡ s¡_qfL$, s¡_qfL$ Mps¡

âv$i®_ L$gpAp¡_p l¡sykf_y„

õm R>¡. s¡_¡ hpõsyL$pf

k¦qV$epNp¡ L$gphpV2$p Üpfp

qX$TpB_ L$fu_¡ hj® 2003dp„

Mp¡ghpdp„ Apìey lsy.

s¡_qfa kcpNpf

Page 9 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 9

cpfsue d|m ^fphsp L$rh rhS>e k¡ipÖu s¡d_p dp_h Q¡s_p_u ip¡^ L$f_pf k„dp¡lL$ L$rhsp k„N°l "3

k¡L$iÞk' bv$g `p¡A¡V2$u (L$rhsp) L$¡V$¡Nfudp„ hj® f014_p âqs[›$s `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp \ep_u Op¡jZp

14 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. `ÓL$prfsp, `Ó, _pV$L$ A_¡ k„Nus dpV$¡ âv$p_ \sp Ap `yfõL$pf_p 98dp„

k„õL$fZ_p rhS>¡spAp¡_u Op¡jZp L$p¡g„rbep e|r_hrk®V$u, Ad¡qfL$p Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap e|q_hrk®V$u_p

Agyrd_u fl¡gp rhS>e k¡ipÖu_¡ `yfõL$pf bv$g 10,000 X$p ̧gf_u fL$d âv$p_ \i¡.

ÅZusp àg¡ fpBV$f A¡_u b¡L$f s¡d_p X2$pdp "^ ragL$' dpV$¡ hj® f014_p¡ `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf Æsu QyL$ep R>¡.

s¡d_p¡ Ap X2$pdp d¡kpQ|rkV$1k_p A¡L$ Ap¡R>p gp¡L$râe rk_¡dpOf_p qv$iplu_ L$d®QpfuAp¡ `f Ap^prfs R>¡. ÓZ

L$gpL$_p _pV$L$dp„ rk_¡dpOf_p L$d®QpfuAp¡ rk_¡dpOf_u kapB L$f¡ R>¡, N`k` L$f¡ R>¡, kde `kpf L$fhp `v$p®

kpd¡ Qy`Qp` b¡W$p fl¡ R>¡.

"^ ragL$'_y„ d„Q_ â\dhpf `pR>gp hj£ Þe|ep¡L®$_p àg¡fpBV$1k lp¡fpBT_dp„ \ey lsy. S>¡_y„ qv$Áv$i®_ k¡d

Np¡ëX$¡ L$ey® lsy. 33 hj®_p A¡_u b¡L$f_p AÞe dil|f _pV$L$ "bp¡X$u Ahf_¡k', "kqL®$g rdff V2$p„kad£i_'

kpd¡g R>¡.

Ü B.k.19`4dp„ b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ S>Þd¡gp rhS>e k¡ipÖu dpÓ `p„Q hj®_u he¡ Ad¡qfL$p Nep lsp A_¡

Ap¡rlep¡_p L$p¡g„bkdp„ dp¡V$p \ep lsp. lpgdp„ s¡Ap¡ Þe|ep¡L®$_p gp¡f¢k L$p ̧g¡S>dp„ L$rhsp A_¡ _p ̧_ raL$i_

cZph¡ R>¡.

Ü s¡d_p L$rhsp k„N°ldp„ S>¡çk gptaN `yfõL$pf\u _hpTpe¡gu L$rhspAp¡ "^ gp¢N rdX$p¡' A_¡ "hpBëX$

qL„$NX$d' (1996) M|b S> QrQ®s flu lsu.

Ü rhS>e k¡ipÖu_u L$rhspAp¡, g¡M, rhïg¡jZ Ad¡qfL$_ õL$p¡gf, ^ _¡i_, ^ Þe|ep¡L®$f, ^ `¡qfk qfìe|, e¡g

qfìey, ^ V$pBçk byL$ qfìey, ^ ragpX$¡[ëaep A¡L$hpeff krls Ad¡qfL$p_p AÞe L$¡V$gpe¡ â¿eps

âL$pi_p¡dp„ âL$pris \sp füp lsp. B.k.1997dp„ "A„X$f 3`-^ Þe| S>_f¡i_ Ap ̧a Ad¡qfL$_ `p¡A¡V$1k'

A_¡ f003dp„ "^ b¡õV$ Ad¡qfL$_ `p¡A¡V2$u' dp„ `Z s¡d_y„ _pd kpd¡g lsy.

Ü s¡d_¡ L$rhspdp„ Akp^pfZ D`gqå^ bv$g `¡qfk qfìey_p "b_p®X$ Ap ̧a L$p¡_k® gp¢N `p¡A¡d' `yfõL$pf A_¡

"d¡L$X$p ̧h¡g L$p¡gp¡_u'_u a¡gp¡ri` `Z dmu QyL$u R>¡. s¡dS> Þe|ep¡L®$ apDÞX$¡i_ A_¡ _¡i_g A¢X$pDd¢V$ ap ̧f

ApV®$kdp„\u A_yv$p_ dmu QyL$ey R>¡.

« rhS>e k¡ipÖu `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf âpá L$f_pf cpfsue d|m ^fphsp `p„Qdp„ ìeqL$s R>¡.

« rhop_ k„`pv$L$ Np¡thv$ rblpfu gpg_¡ lphX®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_u 300du hj®Np„W$ v$frdep_ rhop__p L$hf¡S>

bv$g B.k.1937dp„ `yfõL©$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡Ap¡ Ap `yfõL$pf âpá L$f_pf â\d cpfsue d|m

^fphsp ìeqL$s R>¡.

« Ad¡qfL$u g¡qML$p T„y`p gprlX$u_¡ s¡d_p L$lp_u k„N°l "HV$f `uV$k® Ap ̧a d¡gp¡X$uS>' bv$g hj® f000dp„ Ap

`yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

« hp ̧g õV2$uV$ S>_®g_p `ÓL$pf A_¡ raQf g¡rML$p Nusp Ap_„v$ s¡d_u Mp¡S> `ÓL$prfsp bv$g hj® f003dp„

`yfõL©$s \ep lsp.

« Ad¡qfL$u rQqL$ÐkL$ rkÂ^p\® dyMfÆ_¡ s¡dZ¡ L$¡Þkf `f gM¡gu `yõsL$ "^ A¡ç`ff Ap ̧a Ap ̧g d¡gp¡X$uT : A

bpep¡N°pau Ap ̧a L$¡Þkf' bv$g B.k.f011dp„ kpdpÞe _p¡_ raL$i_ î¡Zudp„ Ap `yfõL$pf A¡_pes \ep¡

lsp¡.

Ad¡qfL$p Mps¡_u Þe|ep¡L®$ rkV$u_p L$p¡g„rbep e|r_hrk®V$u Üpfp âv$p_ \sp¡ Ap `yfõL$pf l„N¡fu d|m_p Ad¡qfL$u

âL$piL$ Å¡ka `yrgÐS>f_p _pd `f B.k.1917\u âqshj® Ly$g f1 î¡ZuAp¡dp„ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„

f0 î¡ZuAp¡dp„ `yfõL$pf bv$g âÐe¡L$ rhS>¡sp_¡ A¡L$ âdpZ`Ó_u A_¡ 10,000 X$p ̧gf_u fL$d s\p f1du î¡Zu

kdpS> k¡hp\u k„b„q^s `ÓL$pqfsp bv$g kyhZ® `v$L$ A¡_pes \pe R>¡.

cpfsue d|m ^fphsp L$rh rhS>e

k¡ipÖu `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp \ep

X2$pdp L$¡V$¡Nfudp„ A¡_u b¡L$f rhS>¡sp :-

rhS>e k¡ipÖu :-

`yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf âpá L$fu QyL$¡gp cpfsue d|m ^fph_pf rhS>¡sp

`yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf

v$pv$pkpl¡b apmL$¡

`yfõL$pf dpV$¡ NygÅf

`k„v$ \ep

"syTk¡ _pfpT> _lu' A_¡ "s¡f¡ rb_p qT„v$Nu k¡'

S>¡hp ANrZs epv$Npf Nusp¡ gM_pf k„h¡v$_iug

NusL$pf NygÅf_¡ cpfsue rk_¡dpdp„ s¡d_p dlÐh`|Z®

ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g hj® f013_p¡ v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pf

âv$p_ L$fhp_u Op¡jZp 1f A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

ârsr›$s L$gpL$pfp¡_u kps kv$õep¡ ^fphsu S>e|fuA¡

A¡L$ds¡ NygÅf_p _pd_u cgpdZ L$fu lsu.

NygÅf Ap `yfõL$pf âpá L$f_pf 4`dp„ ìeqL$s

b_i¡.

¬ NygÅf_p¡ S>Þd ArhcprS>s cpfs_p `„Åbdp„ 18 Ap¡Nô$ 1936_p fp¡S> \ep¡ lsp¡. S>¡

AÐepf¡ `pqL$õsp_dp„ R>¡. s¡d_y„ hpõsrhL$ _pd k„`|Z®tkl L$pgfp R>¡. cpfs-`pqL$õsp__p

cpNgp bpv$ s¡d_p¡ `qfhpf Ad©skf Aphu_¡ hõep¡ lsp¡. bpv$dp„ NygÅf dy„bB raëd

S>Nsdp„ `p¡sp_p _kub_¡ AS>dphhp Nep Ðep„ s¡dZ¡ rbdg fp¡e, F$rjL$¡i dyMÆ® A_¡

l¡d„sLy$dpf_p klpeL$ sfuL$¡ L$pe® L$e®y. rbdg fp¡e_u raëd "b„v$u_u' dpV$¡ `p¡sp_y„ â\d

Nus g¿ey.

¬ NygÅf Apf.X$u.bd®_, A¡.Apf.fl¡dp_, rhipg cpfÜpS>, kQu_ v$¡h bd®_, gÿduL$p„s

àepf¡gpg, krgg Qp¥^fu S>¡hp AgN-AgN v$p¥f_p k„NusL$pfp¡ kp\¡ L$pe® L$fhp_p¡ blp¡mp¡

A_|ch ^fph¡ R>¡.

¬ NygÅf d¡f¡ k`_¡, L$p¡rij, Myíby, A„N|f, rgbpk, dprQk S>¡hu ùv$e_p spf

TZTZphsu raëdp¡_y„ r_v$£i_ `Z L$fu QyL$ep R>¡.

¬ L$gpn¡Ódp„ dlÐh`|Z® ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g NygÅf hj® f004dp„ `Úc|jZ A_¡ hj® f00fdp„

kprlÐe AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp. s¡dS> raëd "dp¥kd', "dprQk',

"A„N|f'_p r_v$£i_ bv$g fpô2$ue `yfõL$pf s\p hj® f009dp„ raëd "õgd X$p ̧N

rdrgep¡_f' _p Nus"S>e lp¡' bv$g kh®î¡›$ Nus_p¡ dp¥rgL$ Nus g¡M__p¡ Ap ̧õL$f

`yfõL$pf s\p s¡ S> Nus bv$g N°¡du `yfõL$pf\u `yfõL©$s \B QyL$ep R>¡.

¬ NygÅf¡ V$u.hu._p `fv$¡ `Z DÑd L$pe® L$e®y R>¡. s¡dZ¡ "rdTp® Nprgb' A_¡ "slfuf dy„iu

â¡dQ„v$' S>¡hu V$u.hu. kuqfeg b_phu R>¡. s¡dS> v|$fv$i®__u A_¡L$ ^pfphprlLp¡$ dpV$¡ Nus

gMu QyL$ep R>¡. S>¡dp„ "l¡gp¡ rS„>v$Nu', "`p¡V$gu bpbp L$u', "S„>Ng byL'$ kpd¡g R>¡.

¬ NygÅf kpl¡b_p ÓÎp L$rhsp k„N°l âL$pris \B QyL$ep R>¡. S>¡dp„ "Qp„v$ `yMfpS> L$p', "fps

`ídu_¡ L$u', "`„Öl `p„Q `„Qp¡s¡f' s\p g^yL$\p "fphu-`pf' s\p "^yAp„' _pd\u

âL$pris \B QyL$u R>¡.

¬s¡d_p g‚ Arc_¡Óu fpMu kp\¡ \ep R>¡. s¡d_u `yÓu d¡O_p `Z `p¡sp_u AgN Ap¡mM

^fph¡ R>¡. d¡O_p_p S>Þd bpv$ A¡L$ hj® `R>u `rs-`Ð_u AgN \B Nep lsp. Å¡ L$¡

Ry>V$pR>¡X$p gu^p _ lsp. d¡O_p raëd r_v£i_ L$fhp kp\¡ hj® f004dp„ r`sp NygÅf_u

Æh_L$\p gMu QyL$ep R>¡.

¬ NygÅf kpl¡b_¡ "õgd X$p ̧N rdrgep¡_f' bv$g Ap ̧õL$f `yfõL$pf dýep¡ lsp¡. `f„sy s¡

qõhL$pfhp _ Nep L$pfZ L$¡ s¡d_¡ Apep¡S>__u Ap¥`QpqfL$sp kdp_ L$pmp¡ L$p¡V$ `l¡fhp¡ `k„v$

_ lsp¡.

NygÅf rhj¡ :-

"d¢ L$ep L$l|. d¢ Myi Ap¥f kçdpr_s dl¡k|k L$f flp l„y. el A¡L$

fpô2$ue kçdp_ l¥. el k„`|Z®sp L$u A_yc|rs l¡ Å¡ L$¡hg A¡L$ Nus,

õ3⁄4$u_ àg¡ L$¡ qge¡ _l] b[ëL$ `yf¡ L$pd L$¡ rge¡ l¥, d¢ kcu L$¡ àepf Ap¥f

âp¡Ðkpl_ L$¡ rge¡ iy3⁄4$NyÅf ly„.'

-NygÅf

1 Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 1964_p fp¡S> rlÞvy$õsp_ A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgqdV$¡X$ (A¡Q.A¡.A¡g.)_u õ\p`_p \B lsu. Ap L„$`_u

A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k BqÞX$ep rgrdV$¡X$, rlÞv$yõsp_ A¡f3⁄4$paV$ rgrdV$¡X$ A_¡ rhdp_ rhr_dp®Z X$¡`p¡, L$p_`yf_p rhge Üpfp

b_phhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

hs®dp_ kde¡ k„ip¡^_ A_¡ rhL$pk, Ap^yr_L$fZ, D`cp¡L$sp k„b„^u `l¡g, NyZhÑp A_¡ õhv$¡iuL$fZ `f cpf

v¡hp S>¡hp A_¡L$ n¡Óp¡dp„ `p¡sp_p D`ep¡N_p dpÂed Üpfp crhóedp„ DÞ_rs_p dpN£ AN°¡kf A¡hu rlÞvy$õsp_

A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgrdV$¡X$_¡ 3 A¡râg_p fp¡S> _hu qvëlu Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s `p„Qdp„ v$gpB õV2$uV$ BÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$ S>_®g `yfõL$pf

kdpfp¡ldp„ Þepe d„X$g Üpfp "dp¡õV$ A¡raie„V$ _hfÐ_ `yfõL$pf' \u kçdpq_s L$fhpdp„ Aphu. Ap `yfõL$pf cpfsue

A\® ìehõ\p âÐe¡ s¡_p r_õ`pv$_ A_¡ ep¡Nv$p__¡ dpÞesp Ap`sp rhrcÞ_ kph®S>r_L$ D`3⁄4$dp¡_¡ A_¡L$ î¡ZuAp¡

dpV$¡ âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

_hfÐ__p¡ v$fÄÅ¡ cpf¡ DÛp¡N A_¡ kph®S>r_L$ DÛed d„Ópge_¡ Apq^_ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ _urs A_¡ k„h^®_ rhcpN

Üpfp âv$p_ \pe R>¡. hs®dp_ kde¡ Ly$g 14 L$¡qÞÖe Ål¡f n¡Ó_p DÛedp¡_¡ _hfÐ_ v$fÄÅ¡ dm¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ (1) cpfs

Bg¡L$V2$p¡r_L$k rgrdV$¡X$ (f) cpfs `¡V2$p¡rged L$p ̧`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$ (3) rlÞvy$õsp_ A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgrdV$¡X$

(4) rlÞvy$õsp_ `¡V2$p¡rged L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$ dlp_Nf V$¡rgap¡_ r_Nd rgqdV$¡X$ (6) _¡i_g A¡ëe|rdr_ed

L„$`_u qgqdV$¡X$ (7) A¡_.A¡d.X$u.ku. rgrdV$¡X$ (8) `phf apB_pÞk L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$ (9) Ap¡Bg BqÞX$ep

rgqdV$¡X$ (10) _¡h¡gu rg‚pBV$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgqdV$¡X$ (11) BqÞX$ep rgrdV$¡X$ `phf rN°X L$p ̧`p£f¡i_ (1f) BqÞX$ep

rgrdV$¡X$ _p¥hl_ r_Nd (13) fpô2$ue Bõ`ps r_Nd rgrdV$¡X$ (14) ê$fg Bg¡qL$V2$raL$¡i_ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$ R>¡.

dp¡õV$ A¡raqie„V$ _hfÐ_ `yfõL$pf\u rlÞvy$õsp_

A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgrdV$¡X$ kçdpr_s

_hfÐ_ L„$`_uAp

¡

d¡qX$L$g S>_®gp¡dp„ f`0 \u h^y g¡M gM_pf A_¡ rQqL$Ðkp d¡N¡qT_p¡dp„

s¡d_p ep¡Nv$p__¡ dpÞesp âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ cpfsue d|m_p Ad¡qfL$u ùv$e fp¡N

q_óZp„s X$p ̧.kyrds QyN_u `k„v$Nu "rkdp¡_ X$¡L$ `yfõL$pf' dpV$¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ `¡_g_p AN°Zu X$p ̧.kyrds QyN Ap `¡_g Üpfp

ùv$efp¡N rhL$pfp¡_y„ d|ëep„L$_ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ k¡X$pfk-rk_pB lpV®$ BqÞõV$V1e|V$_p

A¡kp¡kuA¡V$ X$pef¡L$V$f R>¡. s¡dZ¡ `„Åb_p `rsepgp_u kfL$pfu d¡qX$L$g

L$p¡g¡S>dp„\u d¡qX$L$g qX$N°u lp„kg L$f¡gu R>¡.

X$p ̧.kyrds QyN rkdp¡_ X$¥L$ `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ `k„v$ \ep

cpfsue õL$h¥i M¡gpX$u kp¥fc Op¡jpg_¡ f4 A¡râg_p fp¡S> A¡riepB õL$h¥i

dlpk„O Üpfp s¡d_u `k„v$Nu hj® f013_p kp¥\u kpfp A¡riepB `yê$j M¡gpX$u sfuL$¡

"v$psp¡ A¡g¡L$k bu `yfõL$pf-f013 dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep. A¡ rkhpe cpfsue

`yê$j V$ud_¡ "ApDV$õV$¥qX„$N V$ud Ap ̧a ^ ef-f013'_¡ A¡.A¡k.A¡a. A¡hp¡X®$ `Z âv$p_

\ep¡ lsp¡. `yfõL$pf kdpfp¡l 1` S|>_¡ lp¢NL$p¢Ndp„ Apep¡rS>s \ep¡ lsp¡.

cpfsue õL$h¥i M¡gpX$u kp¥fc

Op¡jpg_¡ "v$psp¡ A¡g¡L$k bu

`yfõL$pf f013' âpá \ep¡

qv$ëlu_p spS> `¡g¡k lp¡V$g Mps¡ 9 A¡râg_p fp¡S> 3⁄4$ddp„ 9dp¡ "bu.A¡d.A¡g. dy„Åg A¡hp¡X®$1T ap ̧f A¡L$kgÞk B_

gr_ ̄N A¡ÞX$ X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ f014' Ly$g ÓZ î¡Zudp„ âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap `yfõL$pf qlfp¡ N©`_p AÂen X$p ̧.b©S>dp¡l_gpg

dy„Åg_p _pd¡ ârs hj® A¡_pes \pe R>¡.

(1) Mp_Nu n¡Ó (rhr_dp®Z) : V$pV$p õV$ug rgrdV$¡X$ (f) Mp_Nu n¡Ó (k¡hpn¡Ó) : BqÞX$e_ lp¡V$ëk L$„`_u

rgrdV$¡X$ (3) Ål¡f n¡Ó : BqÞX$e_ Ap¡Bg L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$

bu.A¡d.A¡g. dy„Åg A¡hp¡X$1®k ap ̧f A¡L$kgÞk B_ gr_ ̄N A¡ÞX$ X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$-f014

Page 10 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 10

cpfsue d|m ^fphsp Ad¡qfL$u g¡rML$p Tyç`p gprlX$u `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp R>¡. s¡d_u g^yL$\pAp¡_p

k„N°l HV$fâ¡V$f Ap ̧a d¡gp¡X$uS> (1999)_¡ hj® f000dp„ raL$i__p¡ `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf âpàs \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p

D`Þepk "_¡dk¡L$' (f003) `f\u A¡L$ M|b S> QrQ®s raëd b_u lsu S>¡ ârkÂ^ r_dp®Óu dufp _pef¡ b_phu

lsu. B.k.1967dp„ g„X$_ Mps¡ S>Þd¡gp Ty„`p gprlX$u Ad¡qfL$p_p fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp_u L$gp A_¡

dp_hsp k„b„^u krdrs_p kv$õe R>¡.

Ty„`p gprlX$u_y„ D`Þepk "^ gp¡g¡ÞX$' hj® f013dp„ âL$pris \ey lsy. S>¡dp„ B.k.1960dp„ v$kL$pdp„

L$p¡gL$sp_p b¡ cpBAp¡ kycpj A_¡ Dv$e__u Æh_, s¡d_u `k„v$ A_¡ s¡d_p cpÁe_u L$lp_u R>¡. Ap

D`Þepk ANpD byL$f âpBT dpV$¡ `Z ip¡V®$ rgõV$ \ey lsy.

Ty„`p gprlX$u_y„ AÞe `yõsL$ "A_L$õV$çV$çX$ A\®' Þe|ep¡L®$ V$pBçk byL$ qfìeydp„ V$p¡Q_p 10 `yõsL$p¡dp„ õ\p_

`pçey lsy.

Ty„`p gprlX$u_p "^ gp¡g¡ÞX$' kqls Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ AÞe `yõsL$p¡ QudpdpÞv$p _Np¡Æ Aqv$Qu_y„

"Ad¡qfL$p_pl', lp_p L$¡ÞV$_y„ "b°|A¡g fpBV$1k' Ap ̧X2$¡ dpNu_y„ "^ AÞX$f V$¡qL„$N', A¡df d¥L$b°pBX$_y„ "A Ng® BT

A lpa ap ̧çX®$ t\N', X$p¡Þ_p V$pË$p®'_y„ "^ Np¡ëX$taQ' `k„v$ \ep_u Op¡jZp 8 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

S>¡dp\u rhS>¡sp \_pf_u Op¡jZp g„X$_ Mps¡ 4 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

B.k.1996dp„ drlgpAp¡ Üpfp guqMs Ap„sffpô2$ue raL$i__¡ âp¡Ðkplus L$fhp_p l¡sy\u Ap `yfõL$pf_u

iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf rb°V$__p¡ A¡hp¡ A¡L$dpÓ hprj®L$ `yfõL$pf R>¡ S>¡ drlgp L$pë`r_L$

L$\pL$pfp¡_¡ âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

âÐe¡L$ hj£ Ap `yfõL$pf vy$r_epcf_u drlgp g¡qML$pAp¡_¡ DÐL©$ô$sp, dp¥rgL$sp A_¡ `lp¢Q_¡ DÐkh_u S>¡d

d_phu_¡ rhS>¡sp_¡ N°uS>¡g r_h¡_ Üpfp b_phpe¡gy L$p„kp_y„ ârsL$ rQÞl b¡fku âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kp\¡

fp¡L$X$ fL$d_p¡ Q¡L$ `Z A`®Z \pe R>¡. Ap `yfõLpf `l¡gp "Ap ̧f¡ÞS> âpBT' _p _pd\u `Z ÅZusp¡ lsp¡.

B.k.1996 (â\d `yfõL$pf) - A õ`¡g Ap ̧a thV$f (l¡g_ Xy$_dp¡_

B.k.1997 (buÅ¡ `yfõL$pf)-L$e|rNqV$h `uk¡k (A¡_u dpBL$ëk)

B.k.f010 - ^ gpLy$_p (bpfbfp qL„$N õgp¡hf)

B.k.2011-^ V$pBNk® hpBa (V$u Ap¡bf¡V$)

B.k.f01f - ^ kp¢N Ap ̧a AL$uguT (d¡X$rg_ rdgf)

B.k.f013 - hu.bu. ap ̧fNuh_ (A¡.A¡Q. lp¡çk)

Tyç`p gprlX$u_y„ `yõsL$

"^ gp¡g¢X$' b¡guS>

rhd¡Þk âpBT'-f014

dpV$¡ `k„v$ \ey

Tyç`p gprlX$u

"^ gp¡g¡ÞX$'

b¡guS> rhd¡Þk `°pBT-f014 dpV$¡_u ip¡V®$rgõV$ \e¡gu epv$u

b¡guS> rhd¡Þk âpBT ap ̧f raL$i_ rhj

¡

`yfõL$pf_p L$¡V$gpL$ `|h® rhS>¡spAp¡_u k|rQ

L$p¡eg fpZp

a¡rd_p rdk BqÞX$ep hëX

®$-f014

6 A¡râg¡ dy„bB_p A„^¡fu Mps¡ Aph¡gp eifpS>

õVy$qX$ep¡dp„ Apep¡rS>s `1du a¡rd_p qdk BqÞX$ep_p¡

rMspb S>e`yfdp„ S>Þd¡gp s\p qv$ëludp„ fl¡sp L$p¡eg

fpZpA¡ âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. S>¡d_¡ `pR>gp hj®_p drlgp

rhS>¡sp rdk BqÞX$ep _h_us L$p¥f¡ spS> `l¡fpìep¡ lsp¡.

rkspfp¡\u kÅe¡gu dl¡rag kdp_ ârsep¡rNspdp„

L$p¡eg fpZpA¡ f4 S>¡V$gu ky„v$fuAp¡_¡ `pR>m R>p¡X$u_¡

bpÆ Æsu qg^u lsu

hs®çpp_ hj®_u rhS>¡sp â\d ÓZ ky„v$fuAp¡ v$¡i_u

fpô2$ue fpS>^p_u, Apr\®L$ fpS>^p_u A_¡ `e®V$_ fpS>^p_udp„\u `k„v$Nu `pdu R>¡.

S>¡dp„ rdk BqÞX$ep L$p¡eg fpZp (qv$ëlu), buÅ õ\p_¡ TV$pg¡L$p dëlp¡Óp

(dy„bB-S>¡_¡ `pR>gp hj®_p â\d f_k® A` ip¡rcsp ^yrg`pgpA¡ spS>

`l¡fpìep¡) ÓuÅ _„bf¡ N¡g r_L$p¡g ^ rkëhp (Np¡hp-S>¡_¡ Å¡ep Aafp¡S>¡ spS>

`l¡fpìep¡) _p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

`1du a¡rd_p rdk BqÞX$ep f014 L$p¡eg fpZp_y„ ApNpdu gÿe rdk hëX®$

b_hp_y„ R>¡. `f„sy Å¡ dpep_Nfu bp¡guhyX$dp„\u kpfu raëd_p¡ âõsph Aphi¡ sp¡

s¡ qõhL$pf L$fi¡.

"d_¡ vy$r_ep_u V$p¡Q `f lp¡hp_p¡ A_|ch \B füp¡ R>¡. dpf¡ rS>„v$Nudp„ iy„ L$fhp_y„

R>¡ s¡_¡ gB_¡ A¡L$v$d õ`ô$ Ry„>. rdk BqÞX$ep bÞep bpv$ dpfu BÃR>p rdk hëX®$

b_hp_u R>¡.'

- L$p¡eg fpZp

L$p¡eg fpZp `|h® rdk e|q_hk® A_¡ Arc_¡Óu kyqõdsp k¡__¡ `p¡sp_u â¡fZpê$` dp_¡

R>¡. s¡d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L$¡, kyqõdsp k¡_¡ `p¡sp_u rS„>v$Nudp„ OÏb^y„ lp„kg L$ey ̄ R>¡.

S>epf¡ ârsep¡rNsp_p kde¡ qfs¡i v$¡idyM¡ A„qsd q_Zp®eL$ âï_ `|R>ep¡ L$¡,

`pR>gp 30 qv$hk Alu füp bpv$ Ap âqsep¡rNspdp„\u sd¡ L$¡hp d|ëep¡ A_¡

Apv$ip£_¡ `p¡sp_u kp\¡ gB_¡ S>ip¡ ? L$p¡eg¡ S>hpbdp„ S>Zpìey„ L$¡, Ap kde¡ Adpfu

S>¡ b¡Q lsu s¡ Ars M|bk|fs eyhsuAp¡_u lsu. v$f¡L$ ârsep¡Nu ky„v$fu M|b S> hpBb°„V$,

X$pe_¡qdL$ A_¡ âp¡a¡i_g lsu A_¡ Ad¡ kp¥A¡ M|b S> dÅ L$fu. S>¡V$gu `Z L„$V$¡õV„$V$

lsu s¡ v$f¡L$ åe|V$u A_¡ V$¡g¢V$\u cf`|f lsu.

"dpê$ dp_hy R>¡ L$¡, v$f¡L$ S>Z M|bk|fs R>¡. S>ê$fs R>¡ `p¡sp_u A„v$f_u ky„v$fsp_¡

Ap¡mMhp_u, A„v$f_u ky„v$fsp_¡ blpf gphhp_u S>ê$f R>¡. Ap`Z¡ buÅ_u klpesp

L$fhp kp\¡ â¡d\u fS|> \hp_u S>ê$f R>¡.'

L$p¡eg fpZp_u _S>f¡ ky„v$fsp A¡V$g¡ ?

-L$p¡eg fpZp

L$p¡eg fpZp_u â¡fZp

L$p¡eg fpZp_y„ ApNpdu gÿe

L$p¡eg_p S>hpb¡ ÆÐey r_Zp®eL$p¡_y„ qv$g

ÓZ fpS>^p_u-ÓZ ky„v$fuAp

¡

g„X$__p N ̧°pkh¡_f lpDk lp¡V$g Mps¡ \e¡gu Op¡jZp dyS>b cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$áp_ dl¡ÞÖtkl ^p¡_u_¡

rb°V$__p hj® f014_p M¡gdp„ DÐL©$ô$ D`gqå^ bv$g A¡riepB `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

A¡qiepB `yfõL$pfp¡_u õ\p`_p hj® f009dp„ `p ̧g kpNy Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

(1) ApB.ku.ku. V$u-f0 rhïh L$`-f007

(f) L$p ̧d_h¡ë\ b¢L$ kuqfT f007-08

(3) A¡riep L$`-f010

(4) ApB.ku.ku. rhðL$`-f011

(`) ApB.ku.ku. Q¡qç`e_ V2$p¡au-f013

(1) X$p ̧.kpBfk `|_phpg - rQqL$Ðkp n¡Ó¡ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g A¡riepB rbT_¡k guX$f `yfõL$pf

(f) Bfap_ Mp_ - rk_¡dp n¡Ó¡ DÐL©$ô$ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g A¡riepB `yfõL$pf

(3) h¢L$V$fd_ - "h¢L$u fpdL©$óZ : rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ n¡Ó¡ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g A¡riepB `yfõL$pf

(4) krgg i¡Ë$u - gp¡L$ k¡hL$_p¡ A¡riepB `yfõL$pf

(`) _p¡fp Å¡Þk - k„Nusdp„ D`gqå^ bv$g A¡riepB `yfõL$pf

(1) apDÞX$k® `yfõL$pf : Aldv$ L$\fpX$p (_¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp_p kp\u)

(f) A¡d.bu.B. a¡gp¡ri` A¡hp¡X : S>¡L$u Qp_

(3) L$gp A_¡ qX$TpB_dp„ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g_p¡ `yfõL$pf : Np¡L$h¡_

(4) kh®î¡›$ DÛedu `yfõL$pf : gyB Q¡ hy

A¡riepB `yfõL$pf-f014 A¡d.A¡k. ^p¡_u_¡ A¡_pes

A¡rie_ A¡hp¡X$1®k rgrdV$¡X$-f014 Üpfp âL$pris

A¡riep_u V$p¡Q_u 100 âcphipmu lõsuAp¡_u k|Qu

A¡riep_p âcphipmu gp¡L$p¡_¡ kçdpr_s L$fsu k|Qu b_ph_pf A¡rie_ A¡hp¡X$1®T

rgrdV$¡X$_u õ\p`_p rb°qV$i L$pfp¡bpfu `p ̧g kpN|A¡ B.k. f010dp„ L$fu lsu, S>¡_p Üpfp 4

A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> hj® f014_u k|Qu Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

â\d - iu qT_t`N (Qu__p fpô2$`rs)

buÅ - kp¡r_ep Np„^u

ÓuÅ - gu L$¡L$uep„N (Qu__p hX$pâ^p_)

Qp¡\p - _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u

`p„Qdp„ - fplyg Np„^u

R>Ì$p - X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO

- `u.rQv$çbfd (11)

- âZh dyMÆ® (19)

-dyL$¡i A„bpZu(21)

- ddsp b¡_fÆ (4f)

- ATud â¡dTu (44)

- AÞ_p lÅf¡ (46)

- AdÐe® k¡_ (`f)

- Ardspc bÃQ_ (63)

- fS>_uL$p„s (66)

- ApdufMp_ (68)

- A¥ðep® fpe (84)

- kgdp_Mp_ (98)

- dl¡ÞÖtkl ^p¡_u (99)

AÞe cpfsue :-

`yfõL$f rhS>¡sp AÞe cpfsue

AÞe `yfõL$pf

A¡d.A¡k. ^p¡_u_u rkÂ^u :

rdg¡r_ed V$¡L1_p¡gp ̧Æ âpBT-f014 bv$g õVy$hV®$ `pqL®$_ `k„v$ \ep

h¥qïhL$ õsf¡ gp¡L$p¡_u Æ„v$Nu bl¡sf b_phhp_u ndsp ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡_u rdg¡r_ed V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ âpBT dpV$¡

`k„v$Nu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. qÜhrj®e A¡hp Ap `yfõL$pf_u õ\p`_p B.k.f004dp„ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A¡L$¡X$¡du ra_g¡ÞX$

Üpfp \B lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp_¡ v$k gpM e|fp¡_u fL$d âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

hj® f014_p Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ rb°qV$i-Ad¡qfL$_ cp¥qsL$ h¥opr_L$ âp ̧a¡kf õVy$hV®$ `pqL®$_ `k„v$ \hp_u Op¡jZp

9 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. s¡d_u `k„v$Nu lpX®$ qX$õL$_p X$¡V$p õV$p¡f¡S> ndsp h^pf_pf sL$_uL$ rhL$rks L$fhp

bv$g \B R>¡. â ̧p.õVy$hV®$ `pqL®$_¡ A¡L$ rhi¡j fus_y X$¡V$p fuX$f rhL$rks L$ey® S>¡ L$dÅ¡f A_¡ _p_p k„L$¡sp¡_¡ `L$X$hp dpV$¡

knd lsy. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$f¡L$ qX$õL$ àg¡V$fdp„ h^y dprlsu A¡L$Ó L$fhp_y„ k„ch bÞey R>¡, S>¡\u a¡kbyL$, N|Ng A_¡

Ad¡T_ S>¡hu AÞe k¡hpAp¡ k„ch \B iL$u R>¡.

` ̧°p.õVy$hV®$ `pqL®$_ qõ`_V2$p¡_p ̧rdL$k n¡Ó_p AN°Zu âhs®L$ A_¡ cp¥rsL$ rhop__u ipMp rõ`_ Bg¡L$V2$p¡r_L$k_p

r_óZp„s R>¡.

^p¡_u_p¡ ap¡V$p¡

rhçbëX$_ Üpfp `yfõL$pf fL$ddp„ 10.8 % h^pfp¡ \i¡

rhçbgX$_ Üpfp Ap hj£ `yfõL$pf_u fL$ddp„ 10.8 % (f` rdrge_ `pJX$)_p h^pfp_u Op¡jZp

f9 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ hj® f014dp„ \e¡gu h©qÂ^ L$fsp f.4 rdrge_ `pDÞX$ h^y R>¡.

- L$p¡eg fpZp dpÓ 1` hj®_u he¡ f008dp„ Apep¡Æs "rdk V$u_

BqÞX$ep f008'_p¡ rMspb Æsu QyL$ep R>¡.

Page 11 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 11

gsp d„N¡iL$f_p r`sp qv$_p_p\ d„N¡iL$f_u õd©rsdp„ B.k.1999 \u iê$ L$fhpdp„

Aph¡gp¡ Ap `yfõL$pf k„Nus A_¡ raëdp¡dp„ dlÐh`|Z® ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g âv$p_ \pe R>¡. S>¡

A„sN®s 10,1001 ê$q`ep_u fp¡L$X$ fL$d, õd©rs rQÞl A_¡ âiqõs`Ó A¡_pes \pe R>¡.

cpfs fÐ_\u kçdpr_s gsp d„N¡iL$f Üpfp dy„bB Mps¡ 14 A¡râg¡ Ap `yfõL$pf_p hj®

f014_p rhS>¡spAp¡_u Op¡jZp L$fu_¡ f4 A¡râg¡ `yfõL$pf A`®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

(1) k„Nusn¡Ó : sbgphpv$L$ TpqL$f lyk¡_ A_¡ `„Y$fu_p\ L$p¡ëlp`yf¡

(f) f„Nd„Q A_¡ rk_¡dp î¡Zu : F$juL$`yf

(3) kpdpÆL$ ÅN©qs : AÞ_p lÅf¡

(4) hj®_p¡ kh®î¡›$ X2$pdp : R>`p L$pV$p

(`) f„Nd„Q ìeqL$sÐh î¡Zu : A_prdL$p, qv$_¡i `¡X$p_¡L$f, dyL$sp bh£

(6) dfpW$u rk_¡dp A_¡ f„Nd„Q î¡Zu : rihpÆ kpsd

(7) kdpS> k¡hp : rdfpT rhÂep\}tkl_u "Mf¡ hQ_ d„qv$f'

(8) kprlÐe î¡Zu : Ap_„v$ epv$h

(9) duqX$ep hN® : A_„s$ vuq$ns, âL$pi bpg

B.k.19`4\u iê$ \e¡gp¡ cpfs kfL$pf_p¡ Ap `yfõL$pf âqshj® raëdp¡_u rhrcÞ_ î¡ZuAp¡

dpV$¡ âv$p_ \pe R>¡. S>¡_u `k„v$Nu A¡L$ rhi¡jo krdrs L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡_¡ cpfs_p fpô2$`qs `yfõL$pf

âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

dpõV$f v$u_p_p\ d„N¡iL$f `yfõL$pf-f014

- kh®î¡›$ raQf raëd : qi` Ap¡a \urkek

- kh®î¡›$ d_p¡f„S>L$ raëd : cpN rdëMp cpN

- kh®î¡›$ Aqc_¡sp : fpS>Ly$dpf (raëd- iprlv$)

- kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡Óu : Nusp„S>gu \p`p (raëd -gpek® X$pek)

- kh®î¡›$ qv$Áv$i®L$ : l„kg dl¡sp (raëd-iprlv$)

- kh®î¡›$ kl Aqc_¡sp : kp¥fc iyL$gp (raëd : Å¡gu A¡g.A¡g.bu.)

- kh®î¡›$ kl Arc_¡Óu : Ad©sp kycpj (raëd : Aõsy (dfpW$u)

- kh®î¡›$ bpg L$gpL$pf : kp¡d_p\ AhOpX$¡ (raëd : `L$¥_X2$pB-dfpW$u)

- kh®î¡óW$ `pð®NpeL$ : ê$`p„L$f (bp„Ágp raëd-Årsðf)

- kh®î¡›$ `pðNpreL$p : b¡gp tiv$¡ (dfpW$u raëd-sylep ^dp® L$p¡Qp)

- kh®î¡›$ R>pep„L$_ : fpÆh frh (raëd gpek® X$pek)

- kh®î¡›$ L$p¡qfep¡N°pau : NZ¡i ApQpe® (raëd : cpN rdëMp cpN)

- kh®î¡›$ rlÞv$u raëd : Å¡gu A¡g.A¡g.bu.

- kh®î¡›$ _p¡_ raQf raëd : f„Nc|rd

- kh®î¡óW$ k„hpv$ : Aõsy (dfpW$u raëd)

- kh®î¡›$ â\d raëd : ä¡X$f¡

- kh®î¡›$ kp„õL©$qsL$ raëd : ^ gp¡õV$ bly„ê$r`ep

- kh®î¡›$ âdp¡i_g raëd : Ly$i

- kh®î¡›$ ip¡^`fM raëd : d¥X$¡L$

- kh®î¡›$ A¡qXqV$„N raëd : Nygpb N¢N

- kh®î¡›$ kpdpÆL$ rhje

è `f_u raëd : Nygpb N¡„N

è hj® f011dp„ `9dp„ fpô2$ue `yfõL$pfdp„ b¡õV$ raëd sfuL$¡ dfpW$u raëd "v$¡ep¡g' A_¡ L$Þ_X$ raëd

"bepfu' k„eyL$sê$`¡ `k„v$ \ep lsp. kh®î¡óW$ Arc_¡sp sfuL$¡ rNfui Ly$gL$Z} A_¡ kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡Óu

sfuL$¡ X$V$} r`L$Qf_u Dgpgp...Ng® rhÛpbpg_ `k„v$ \ep lsp.

èhj® f01fdp„ 60dp„ fpô2$u `yfõL$pfdp„ kh®î¡›$ raëd "`p_tkl sp¡df' s¡dS> kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡sp sfuL$¡

"`p_tkl sp¡df'_p Arc_¡sp Bfap_ Mp_ A_¡ dfpW$u raëd "A_ydrs' _p Arc_¡sp rh3⁄4$d Np¡eg¡

k„eyL$s fus¡ `k„v$ \ep lsp. S>epf¡ kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡Óu sfuL$¡ dfpW$u raëd "^pN'dp„ N°pduZ N©rlZu_„y

Apb¡lyb `pÓ cS>h_pf Djp Åv$h `k„v$Nu `pçep lsp. Ap qaëd bv$g qihpÆ `pqV$g¡ î¡›$ qv$Áv$i®L$_p¡

`yfõL$pf âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. fpô2$ue A¡L$sp bv$g _fNuk v$Ñ `yfõL$pf dgepgd raëd \p_uQëgpS>__¡

âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

raëd r_v$£iL$ kBv$ A¿sf rdTp®_p AÂen`v$¡ fQpe¡gu 11 kv$õep¡_u `k„v$Nu krdrsA¡ 61dp„ fpô2$ue raëd

`yfõL$pfp¡_u Op¡jZp 16 A¡râg¡ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ L$fu lsu. S>¡dp„ hj® f013_u kh®î¡›$ auQf raëd_p hN®_p¡ `yfõL$pf

rlÞv$u/A„N°¡Æ raëd "ri` Ap ̧a \urkek' s\p kh®î¡›$ rlÞv$u raëd_p¡ `yfõL$pf hL$ugps_p ìehkpe `f b_¡gu

kycpjL$`|f_u ìe„NpÐdL$ raëd Å¡gu A¡g.A¡g.bu._¡ âv$p_ \i¡. fpóV2$ue A¡L$sp `f_p¡ _fNuk v$Ñ `yfõL$pf bpby dl¡ÞÖ_p

qv$Áv$i®_dp„ b_¡gu raëd spg¥dyfpNpg_¡ A¡_pes \i¡.

Ap_„v$ Np„^u_p qv$Áv$i®_dp„ b_¡gu rlÞv$u/A„N°¡Æ rdrîs cpjp ^fphsu raëd "ri` Ap ̧a \urkek' A¡L$ AkpdpÞe

ap¡V$p¡N°paf, A¡L$ rhÜp_ `f„sy rbdpf bp¥Â^ qcny A_¡ A¡L$ eyhp_ i¡f v$gpg_p dpÂed\u Æh__p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p `np¡_¡ DÅNf

L$f¡ R>¡. rhk„NrsAp¡\u cf¡gu vy$r_epdp„ raëd_u L$lp_u AqÜsue L$ë`_p, `fpcp¥rsL$ Apõ\pAp¡ A_¡ S>qV$g _¥rsL$spAp¡

hÃQ¡_u Ap¡mM, BÞkpa A_¡ kp¦v$e®_u kÃQpB_u sgpi L$f¡ R>¡. Ap raëd_¡ AY$u gpM_u fp¡L$X$ A_¡ kyhZ® L$dm âv$p_ \i¡.

61dp„ fpô2$ue raëd `yfõL$pfp¡_u Op¡jZp

rhrh^ î¡Zu_p `yfõL$pf : f013

v$¡idp„ kh®î¡›$ A¡ç`gp¡ef b°p„X$_u Ap¡mM L$fhp A_¡ kh®î¡›$ ârscpAp¡_¡ ApL$rj®s L$fhp âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp dpV$¡ f¦X$õV$¥X$

A¡hp¡X$1®T-2014_u Op¡$jZp 17 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap A¡hp¡X®$_u õ\p`_p f¦X$õV$¥X$ Üpfp rhðõsf¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu

A_¡ s¡ rhð_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u A¡ç`gp¡ef b°p„qX„$N kh£ R>¡. S>¡ 23 v$¡ip¡dp„ b¡ gpM\u `Z h^y DÑfv$pspAp¡ hÃQ¡ kh£ L$f¡ R>¡. hj®

2014 dpV$¡ 8015 b°p„X$p¡ hÃQ¡ kh£ L$fphhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

f¦X$õV$¥X$¡ kp¡ãV$h¡f L„$`_u dpB3⁄4$p¡kp¡ãV$_¡ â\d, kp¡_u BqÞX$ep_¡ buÅ _„bf_p¡ kp¥\u ApL$j®L$ A¡ç`gp¡ef_p¡ rMspb A`Z® \ep¡

lsp¡. Äepf¡ A¡g.A¡ÞX$ V$u._¡ BÞX$õV2$u_p, cpfsue õV$¡V$ b¢L$_¡ b¢qL„$N k¡L$V$fdp„, AprsÕe_p n¡Ódp„ spS> N©` A_¡ DÅ® n¡Ódp„ V$pV$p

`phf_¡ `yfõL$fp¡_u Op¡jZp \B lsu.

f¦X$õV$¥X$ A¡hp¡X$1®T-2014 Ål¡f \ep

1`dp„ ApBap A¡hp¡X$1®k_y„ Apep¡S>_ f3 \u f6 A¡râg

v$frdep_ â\dhpf Ad¡qfL$p_p agp¡qfX$p_p V$¡ç`p Mps¡ \ey lsy.

ApBap A¡hp¡X®$1T_p¡ âpf„c hj® f000dp„ g„X$_ Mps¡ \ep¡ lsp¡.

s¡ HV$f_¡i_g BqÞX$e_ raëd A¡L$¡X$¡du Üpfp ârshj® bp¡guhyX$dp„

L$gpÐdL$ A_¡ sL$_uL$ L$p¥iëe_u DÐL©$ô$sp bv$g âv$p_ L$fhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. hj® f013_p Ap `yfõL$pf kdpfp¡l_y„ Apep¡S>_ dL$pD

Mps¡ \ey lsy.

lp ̧guhyX$_p Arc_¡sp, NpeL$, _©ÐeL$pf sfuL$¡ kam L$pfqL®$v$u ^fphsp Å ̧_ V2$php¡ëV$p_¡ dp¡õV$

`p¡àeygf Ap ̧g V$pBd HV$f_¡i_g õV$pf B_ BqÞX$ep `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

s¡d_u gp¡L$râe raëdp¡ k¡V$f X$¡ _pBV$ rahf, `ë` raL$i_, N°uk, õhp¡X®$rai, a¡k Ap ̧a, b°p¡L$¡_

s\p g¥X$f 99 R>¡. s¡Ap_¡ b¡ hpf A¡L$¡X$¡du A¡hp¡X®$_y„ _pdp„L$_ b¡ hpf Np¡ëX$_ Ágp¡b A¡hp¡X®

`yfõL$pf dmu QyL$ep¡ R>¡.

1`dp

¡ ApBap A¡

hp

¡

X$1

k®

-f014

dp¡õV$ `p¡àeygf V$pBd BÞV$f_¡i_g õV$pf B_ BqÞX$ep

bpÆ dpf_pf k¡rgqb°V$uT

Ü b¡õV$ B_ rgX$]N fp¡g rad¡g -rv$`uL$p `vy$L$p¡Z (Q¡ßpB A¡L$kâ¡k)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ qgX$]N fp¡g d¡g - aflp_ A¿sf (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ k`p¡qV„$N fp¡g rad¡g -qv$ìep v$Ñp (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ k`p¡qV„$N d¡g - Apqv$Ðe L$`|f (e¡ Shp_u l¥ qv$hp_u)

Ü b¡õV$ X$¡åey - ^_yj

Ü b¡õV$ qX$f¡L$V$f - fpL$¡i Ap¡dâL$pi dl¡fp (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ L$p¡rdL$ fp¡g - Afiv$ hpfku (Å¡gu A¡g.A¡g.bu.)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ _¡N¡qV$h fp¡g - qfju L$`yf (X$u X$¡)

Ü b¡õV$ B_ tkNf (aud¡g) - î¡ep (ky_ flp l¡¥ sy -ApqiL$u-f)

Ü b¡õV$ rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°pau - rb_p¡v$ â^p_ (cpN rdëMp cpN

Ü b¡õV$ qõ3⁄4$_ àg¡ - âky_ Å¡iu (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ X$pegp¡N -âk|_ Å¡iu (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ A¡qX$V$]N -`u.A¡k. cpfsu (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ kpDÞX$ qX$TpB_ -_Ly$g L$pds¡ (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ kpDÞX$ rdL$qk„N -âZh iyL$gp,A_y`v$¡h

Ü (cpN rdëMp cpN, Q¡ßpB A¡L$kâ¡k)

Ü b¡õV$ b¡L$N°pDÞX$ õL$p¡f -i„L$f Al¡kp_ gp¡e (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ L$p¡õÃe|d qX$TpB_]N -X$p¡gu Algyhprgep (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ d¡L$-A` - rh3⁄4$d NpeL$hpX$ (cpN rdëMp cpN)

Ü b¡õV$ A¡L$i_ -íepd L$p¥ig, V$p¡_u Q]N íey V„$N (q3⁄4$i-3)

Ü b¡õV$ õ`¡íeg Ba¡L$V$ rhTeyAg -L$¡s_ epv$h, lf¡i tlNp¡fp_u (q3⁄4$i-3)

Ü b¡õV$ kp¢N f¡L$p¡qX„$N -rh_p¡v$ hdp® (gy„Nu X$pÞk -Q¡Þ_pB A¡L$kâ¡k)

fpô2$ue raëd `yfõL$pf

ri` Ap ̧a \urkek

rhS>¡sp A_¡ î¡Zu :

B.k.f00`dp„ cpfsue ip÷ue NpreL$p A¡d.A¡k. kyåbpgnu_u õd©rsdp„ A¡d.A¡k.kyåbpgÿdu

apJX$¡i_ A_¡ hL®$gp îu L©$óZ _pV$1e k„Nus AL$pv$du Üpfp õ\`pe¡gp Ap `yfõL$pf bv$g hj® f014 dpV$¡

L$Zp®V$L$ k„NusL$pf d\p„Nu kÐed|rs®_u `k„v$Nu \B R>¡. s¡d_¡ Ap `yfõL$pf f d¡ _p fp¡S> âv$p_ \ep¡ R>¡.

`yfõL$pf_u î¡ZuAp¡ :

- QgrQÓ `yfõL$pf : L$¡.`u.A¡.ku. grgsp (raëd-_pv$p_)

- îu L©$óZ QgrQÓ : k¥Ly$dpf (raëd : kpJX$ \p¡dp)

ârscp `yfõL$pf

- QgrQÓ L$gpL$pf dpV$¡ : kyÅ\_ (`0 hj®_p ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g)

dp^h_ `yfõL$pf

- îu k„NusfÐ_ `yfõL$pf : kyb°dÎed idp® (hpep¡gu_ hpv$L$)

- îu L©$óZp kv$1cph_p `yfõL$pf : L$¡.Æ.Q„Öpbpby

- îu L©$óZp eyhp k„Nus `yfõL$pf : NpeL$ äp„L$p¡

- Apf. âL$pid d¡dp¡qfeg `yfõL$pf : A¡d.Qpv$p®\p_ (Bkfp¡ h¥opr_L$)

A¡d.A¡k. kyåbpgÿdu `yfõL$pf-f014

L$¡_¡X$p BrÞX$ep apJX$¡i_ Q„Qgp_u Ágp¡bg BqÞX$e_

A¡hp¡X®$ f014\u A¡_.Apf._pfpeZd|qs® kçdpr_s

L$¡_¡X$p-BqÞX$ep apDÞX$¡i_ Üpfp âqshj® A¡_pes \sp L$¡_¡X$p B[ÞX$ep apJX$¡i_

Q„Qgp_u Ágp¡bg BqÞX$e_ A¡hp¡X®$-f014 bv$g dprlsu A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p n¡Ó¡

kfpl_ue L$pe® L$f_pf Hap¡kuk_p A¡_.Apf._pfpeZd|rs®_¡ V$p¡f¡ÞV$p¡ Mps¡ f9 A¡râg¡

kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

â ̧pa¡kf fpS>¡ÞÖtkl kp¥f

Q¡qç`e_ dpV$¡ _pdp„L$_ `pçep

cpfsue d|m ^fphsp Ad¡qfL$u _pNqfL$ `°p ̧a¡kf_¡ ìlpBV$ lpDk Üpfp bv$gph_p v$k kp¥f Q¡rç`e_p¡dp„\u

A¡L$ dpV$¡ _pdp„L$us L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. s¡d_¡ Ad¡qfL$p cfdp„ s¡d_p Üpfp kp¥f r_ep¡S>_dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu s¡d_u

`l¡g_¡ L$pfZ¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap `l¡g Ad¡qfL$u fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp Üfpfp hj® 2012dp„ gp¢Q

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu S>mhpey L$pe®ep¡S>_p_y„ A¡L$ A„N R>¡. S>mhpey L$pe® ep¡S>_p_p¡ Dv«¡i L$pb®_-âvy$jZ Ap¡Ry> L$fhp

A_¡ õhÃR> DÅ® ìehõ\p_¡ h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡.

fpÄ¡ÞÖtkl Bg¡L$qV2$L$g A¡ÞX$ L$çàe|V$f A¡qÞS>r_eqf„Ndp„ X$u.lpDkf â ̧pa¡kf A_¡ v$rnZu L$¥fp¡gpB_pdp„

1⁄4g¡dk_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p rkOgL$p¡_ _¥_p¡Bg¡L$V2p¡r_L$k L$¡ÞÖdp„ r_v$£iL$ R>¡.

`yfõL$pf qhcpN_u h^y d¡V$f `p_p _„.13 D`f

Page 12 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 12

rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°paf A_¡ raëd S>Ns_p ârsq›$s kçdp_ v$pv$p

kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pf\u hj® f008dp„ sÐL$pgu_ fpô2$`rs îudrs

ârscp `pV$ug_p lõs¡ kçdpr_s \e¡gp rh.L$¡. d|rs® 7 A¡râg

f014_p fp¡S> 91 hj®_u he¡ b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ r_^_ `pçep.

« A¡L$ õhs„Ó L$¡d¡fpd¡_ õhê$`¡ s¡d_u â\d raëd B.k.19`fdp„

Nyê$v$Ñ_u kp\¡ "Åg' lsu. Ðepfbpv$ d|rs®A¡ s¡d_u v$f¡L$

raëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$ey® lsy. "L$pNS> L$¡ ayg', "kprlb, bubu Ap¥f Nygpd' S>¡hu raëdp¡dp„ qhõs©s ä¡d A_¡ âL$pi_p

rhrh^ âep¡Np¡ kp\¡ Aâqsd rkÂ^u d¡mhu lsu. S>¡dp„ âL$pi A_¡ R>pep_p âep¡N L$lp_u_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ âsus \sp

lsp. Ap b„_¡ raëdp¡A¡ s¡d_¡ B.k.19`9 A_¡ 196fdp„ "kh®î¡›$ rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°paf' _p¡ raëda¡f A¡hp¡X®$ d¡mhu

Apàep¡ lsp¡. A¡L$ L$¡d¡fpd¡_ ê$`¡ s¡d_¡ â\d sL$ rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°paf Öp¡ZpQpe®_p klpeL$ sfuL$¡ dmu. `[òdu raëdp¡ `f\u

âL$pi A_¡ R>pep_p L$gpÐdL$ âep¡Np¡_u â¡fZp d¡mhu_¡ s¡_p cpfsue raëdp¡dp„ âep¡N L$ep®. hu.L$¡. d|rs®, agu

rd÷u_u L$gp\u `Z Mpõkp âcprhs lsp. s¡dZ¡ "ApfTy', "DX$_ MV$p¡gp' S>¡hu raëdp¡dp„ agu rd÷u_p klpeL$

sfuL$¡ L$pe® L$fu_¡ âL$pi-rb„bp¡ kp\¡ _hp âep¡Np¡ L$ep® lsp.

« hu.L$¡. d|rs®_p¡ S>Þd f6 _h¡çbf 19f3_p fp¡S> L$Zp®V$L$_p d¥k|f Mps¡ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ d¥k|f_p qv$hp_ rhð kf¥ep

Üpfp õ\pr`s "b¢Ágp¡f BqÞõV$V$1e|V$' kp\¡ Å¡X$pB_¡ Al] rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°pau_y„ rinZ gB_¡ qX$àgp¡dp„ `|Z® L$ey®.

« s¡Ap¡ B.k.19`9 s\p 196fdp„ "L$pNS> L$¡ a|g' s\p "kpqlb, bubu Ap¥f Nygpd' kh®î¡›$ rk_¡d¡V$p¡N°pau_p¡ raëd

a¡Af `yfõL$pf s\p hj® f00`dp„ ApB.ApB.A¡a.A¡. gpBa V$pBd AQuhd¡ÞV$ A¡hp¡X®$\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp. hj®

f008dp„ cpfsue raëd vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u ârsq›$s "v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡' `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp. s¡Ap¡ Ap

`yfõL$pf\u `yfõL©$s \_pf â\d V$¡L$q_íe_ lsp.

« s¡d_y„ D‰¡M_ue kam âv$p_ àepkp, L$pNS> L$¡ ayg, kprlb, bubu Ap¥f Nygpd, qX$õL$hfu Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep, sdk A_¡

ku.ApB.X$u. R>¡.

rh.L$¡.d|rs®

A¡qX2$e_ dp¡g î©„Mgp_p fQBsp s\p rb°V$__u A„N°¡Æ cpjp_p _pV$eL$pf

s\p D`ÞepkL$pf kykp_ rgrge_ (S>¡ k| V$pB_k„¡X$ sfuL$¡ `Z ÅZusp R>¡.)

g¡õV$f Mps¡ 68 hj®_u he¡ 11 A¡râg¡ q_^_ `pçep.

k| V$pD_k¢X$_u A¡qX2$e_ dp¡g kuqfT_u â\d `yõsL$ "^ rk3⁄4$¡V$ X$pefu Ap ̧a

A¡qX2$e_ dp¡g' B.k.198fdp„ âL$pris \B lsu. S>¡ k„õL$fZ_u Ly$g 80 gpM

`yõsL$ h¡QpB lsu. kamsp dmsp s¡dZ¡ s¡_¡ î©„Mgp_y õhê$` Apàey lsy.

S>¡dp„ Ly$g ApW$ `yõsLp¡ âL$pris L$ep®. ApW$dy A„rsd `yõsL$ "A¡qX2$e_ dp¡g :

âp ̧õV2$¡V$ Bek®' hj® f009dp„ âL$pris \ey lsy. s¡d_y„ kp¥\u h^y h¡QpZ

^fphsy D`Þepk"^ L$hu_ A¡ÞX$ ApB' R>¡. s¡dS> AÞe dy¿e L©$rsAp¡ _pB_

V$u_u V$1$hpep, V$¡_qV$_u taNk®, ey.du. A¡ÞX$ hu, ^ N°¡V$ k¡b¡õV$eg L$pD R>¡.

k| V$pD_k¢

X$

cpfs kfL$pf_p Apr\®L$ rhL$pk k„õ\p__p S>_ k„¿ep ip¡^ rhcpN_p AÂen flu QyL$¡gp

S>_k„¿ep A_¡ rhL$pk kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu "N°p¡HN Ap ̧ëX$ BqÞX$ep : hpeg qfh¡g', "õV$¡qV$L$k qõ`L$ A¡ÞX$

X$pL®$_¡k A¡V$ _|_ : aud¡g ap¡V$ukpBX$' krls f` S>¡V$gu `yõsL$p¡ gMu QyL$¡gp hrf›$ cpfsue

S>_k„¿eprhv$ Aprij bp¡T 83 hj®_u he¡ 7 A¡râg_p fp¡S> qv$ëlu Mps¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Aprij bp¡T fpÆh Np„^u kfL$pf kde¡ âL$pris A¡L$ ip¡^-`Ódp„ Apr\®L$ ê$`¡ _bmp fpS>ep¡_p

dpdg¡ "rbdpê$-fpS>e' iåv$_p âep¡N bv$g M|b S> ârkÂ^ \ep lsp. A¡ kde¡ s¡dZ¡ Ap

DÃQpfZ rblpf, dÝeâv$¡i, DÑfâv$¡i, fpS>õ\p_ A_¡ bpv$dp„ Ap¡qX$kp dpV$¡ L$ep® lsp.

Ü dpÓ 18 hj®_u he¡ `p¡sp_u raëd L$pfqL®$v$u iê$ L$fu_¡ A¡L$ bpm L$gpL$pf sfuL$¡ rhð_p

V$p¡Q_p bp¡L$k Ap¡qak õV$pf b_¡gp Ad¡qfL$u raëd S>Nsdp„ _h v$kL$p ky^u L$pe®fs

Arc_¡sp rdL$u ê$_u 7 A¡râg¡ L$¡rgap¡r_®ep Mps¡ 93 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Ü s¡Ap¡ Qpf hpf A¡L$¡X$¡du A¡hp¡X$1®T dpV$¡ _pdp„qL$s \ep lsp. s¡dS> s¡d_p ipfuqfL$ L$pe®

bv$g s¡d_¡ Ap ̧õL$f_p b¡ rhi¡j `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep lsp. hj® 1983dp„ s¡d_¡

Ap ̧õL$f_p gpBaV$pBd AQuhd¡ÞV$ `yfõL$pf\u `yfõL©$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Ü A¡L$ dp_rkL$ê$`¡ rhL$gp„N ìeqL$s_u c|rdL$p bv$g s¡d_¡ Np¡ëX$_ Ágp¡b A¡hp¡X®$\u

_hpThpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Ü s¡dZ¡ Ly$g ApW$ hpf g‚ L$ep® lsp. R>¡‰¡ B.k.1978dp„ \e¡gp g‚ hj® f01fdp„

Ry>V$pR>¡X$pdp„ `qfZçep lsp.

Ad¡qfL$u raëd Arc_¡sp rdL$u ê$_u

cpfsue S>_k„¿eprhv$1 (X$¡dp¡N°paf) Aprij bp¡T

17du kv$u_p rdÁe|A¡g v$p L$pfhp„s¡k bpv$ õ`¡r_i cpjp_p kp¥\u gp¡L$râe g¡ML$ A_¡

`p¡sp_p D`Þepkp¡ A_¡ gOyL$\pAp¡_p dpÂed Üpfp A„^ rhðpk, tl„kp A_¡ Akdp_sp rhê$Â^

gp¡L$p¡_y„ Âep_ ApLrj®s L$f_pf s\p B.k.198fdp„ kpqlÐe_p¡ _p¡bg âpBT rhS>¡sp \_pf

N¥rb°eg Npqk®ep dpfL$¡S> d¡qL$kL$p¡ rkV$u Mps¡ 18 A¡râg¡ 87 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

dpfL$¡S_¡> dpL®$ V$1h¡_ A_¡ Qpëk® qX$L$¡Þk_u kdL$n fQ_pL$pf dp_hpdp„ Aphsp lsp. s¡Ap¡

"Npbp¡' _pd\u `Z ÅZusp lsp. B.k.198fdp„ S>epf¡ s¡dZ¡ _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf N°lZ L$ep£ Ðepf¡

s¡dZ¡ g¡qV$_ Ad¡qfL$p rhj¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, As©Ðe k©S>_pÐdL$sp_p¡ ÷p¡s, vy$:Mp¡ A_¡ kp¦v$e®\u

cf¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ OydL$L$X$ L$p¡g„rbepB A¡L$ b¡lv$ syÃR> Æh R>¡, S>¡_¡ crhóe¡ `k„v$ L$ep® R>¡. dpL$£S>

L$e|bpB _¡sp raX$¡g L$p÷p¡ kp\¡ rdÓsp ^fphsp lsp, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ g¡qV$_ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ kprlÐeL$

A_¡ fpS>_ursL$ n¡Óp¡dp„ `Z rhhpv$ \ep¡ lsp¡, `f„sy s¡d_p S>Zphhp dyS>b s¡d_u v$p¡õsu_p¡

Ap^pf `yõsLp¡$ lsp.

è s¡d_u âdyM fQ_pAp¡dp„ "3⁄4$p¡r_L$g Ap ̧a A X$¡\ ap¡fV$p¡ëX$' , "gh B_ ^ V$pBd Ap ̧a L$p¡gfp',

"h_ l„X2$¡X$ Bek® Ap ̧a kp¡rgV$1e|X$' s\p " ApV$d Ap ̧a ^ `¡qV2$ApL®$' kpd¡g R>¡. B.k.1967dp„

Aph¡gp¡ D`Þepk "h_ l„X2$¡X$ Bek® Ap ̧a kp¡rgV$1e|X$' _y„ f` \u h^y cpjpdp„ `p„Q L$fp¡X$\u h^y

âs kp\¡ h¡QpZ \ey lsy. Ap fQ_p bv$g s¡d_¡ kprlÐe_p¡ _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf dýep¡ lsp¡.

è "h_ l„X2$¡X$ Bek® Ap ̧a kp¡rgV$1e|X$'_u L$\p_p â\d hpL$e_¡ AÐepf ky^u_y khp®r^L$ gp¡L$râe

â\d hpL$e dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡ Ap dyS>b R>¡, "L$¡V$gpe¡ hfkp¡ bpv$ S>epf¡ s¡d_p¡ kpd_p¡

apeqf„N õL$h¥X$ kp\¡ \ep¡. L$_®g Aprg®ep_p¡ åe|„qv$ep_¡ A¡L$ b`p¡f_u A¡ OV$_p epv$ Aphu

S>epf¡ s¡_p r`sp s¡_¡ bfa_u ip¡^ dpV$¡ gB Nep lsp.'

è _p¡b¡g rhS>¡sp L$rh `pågp¡ _¡ê$v$p `Z Ap D`Þepk_¡ "X$p_ qL$hL$Å¡V$' bpv$_u dlp_sd

fQ_p S>Zphu QyL$ep R>¡.

è B.k.19`0dp„ fp¡d A_¡ `¡qfk Mps¡ õ`¡L$V$¡V$f_p k„hpv$v$psp sfuL$¡ L$pe® L$fu QyL$¡gp dpfL$¡S>_u

L$lp_uAp¡dp„ A¡hp rsgõdu spZphpZpAp¡ Ny„\pe¡gp fl¡sp L$¡, s¡d_¡ dpfL$¡S>_u gp¡L$L$\pAp¡_u

S>¡d Of Of_y„ _pd b_phu v$u^y lsy. s¡d_u L$lp_uAp¡dp„ kyhf_u `y„R>X$u kp\¡ S>Þd¡gp¡ bpmL$

A_¡ `umu rsrsrgep¡_p Ty„X$ kp\¡ O¡fpe¡gp¡ _peL$ rhN¡f¡_u A_p¡Mu hpsp¡ S>Zphhpdp„

Aphsu lsu.

6 dpQ® 19f8_p fp¡S> L$p¡g„rbep_p A¡L$ sV$ue il¡fdp„ S>Þd¡gp g¡ML$ dpfL$¡S>¡ rhð kprlÐe_¡

S>¡V$gy âcprhs L$ey®, s¡V$gy hukdu kv$u_p L$p¡B AÞe g¡ML$¡ L$ey® _\u. s¡d_p Æh_uL$pf N¡fpëX$

dpqV®$_ S>Zph¡ R>¡ L$¡, hukdu kv$u_p `|hp®^dp„ ANf S>¡çk Å¡ek, dpk£g, `°yõs, a¦S> L$pa$L$p,

rhrged aL$_f, hÆ®r_ep h|ëa, k¥deyg b¥L$¡V$ S>¡hp g¡ML$p¡_¡ âep¡Np¡_¡ gu^¡ epv$ fpMhpdp„

Aphi¡, Äepf¡ DÑfp^®dp„ dpL$£S>_p Åvy$B g¡ML$ue âcphp¡_¡ epv$ L$fpi¡.

V$uL$pL$pfp¡dp„ gNcN A¡L$dsu R>¡ L$¡, e|fp¡`ue e\p\®hpv$dp„ ÓuÆ vy$r_ep_p `pf„`qfL$

rhðpkp¡_u rdL$tkN_u i¥gu dpfL$¡S>¡ rhL$rks L$fu s¡_p¡ âcph eyNp„sfL$pfu A_¡ Åvy$B füp¡.

V$uL$pL$pfp¡_p¡ A¡L$ hN® dp_¡ R>¡ L$¡, dpL$£S>¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p Qpf D`Þepk A¡hp g¿ep lsp L$¡ S>¡_¡,

"dpõV$f `uk' L$lu iL$pe. S>¡dp_p ÓZ s¡dZ¡ _p¡bg `yfõL$pf âpá L$ep® bpv$ gM¡gp R>¡. N„cuf

âL$pf_p g¡ML$ue âep¡Np¡, JX$p h¥QpqfL$ kfp¡L$pf ^fphsp Ap g¡ML$_u gp¡L$râesp Qpëk qX$L$¢k,

rhL$V$f le|Np¡ L$¡ l¡rd„Áh¡ S>¡hp g¡ML$p¡ S>¡hu flu lsu.

g¡qV$_ Ad¡qfL$u v$¡ip¡dp„ s¡d_u gp¡L$râesp L$¡V$gpL$ A\p£dp„ ayV$bp¡g M¡gpX$uAp¡_u

gp¡L$qâesp_¡ `Z V$L$L$f Ap`su lsu. Ap Akp^pfZ gp¡L$râesp_y„ L$pfZ s¡d_p g¡M_dp„ lsy„.

s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p g¡M_dp„ Acphp¡dp„ Æhu fl¡gp A_¡ `pf„`qfL$ rhðpkp¡dp„ JX$u Apõ\p ^fphsp

kdpS> âÐe¡_u, s¡_p gp¡L$p¡ âÐe¡_u Apõ\p v$¡MpB Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡ `[òdu kdpS>_u sL®$bÂ^

Ap^yr_L$sp_¡ `|fu fus¡ A`_phu iL$ep¡ _\u.

s¡d_y„ D`Þepk "h_ l„X2$¡X$ Bek® Ap ̧a kp ̧guV$1eyX$'_¡ Ap^yr_L$sp A_¡ DÑf Ap^yr_L$sp_p

kudp„s D`Þepk_u S>¡d hp„Qhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. B.k.1967 \u f000 v$frdep_ Ap D`Þepk

vy$r_ep_p v$f¡L$ v$¡i A_¡ k„õL©$rsdp„ hp„Qhp kp\¡ kfpl_p `Z `pçey lsy A_¡ rhrcÞ_ k„õL©$rsAp¡

Üpfp s¡_¡ qõhL©$rs dmu lsu. S>¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ A¡hy dp_u iL$pe L$¡ hpõsrhL$ A\®dp„ s¡ k„kpf_y„ â\d

"Ágp¡bg D`Þepk' lsy. A¡L$ A¡hy D`Þepk S>¡Z¡ `R>ps L$l¡hpsu k„õL©$rsAp¡_¡ s¡dZ¡ Mp¡B

v$u^¡gp ApÐd rhðpk kp\¡ afu õ\pr`s L$fu lsu.

õ`

¡r_i cpjp_p g

¡

ML$ N

¥rb°eg Npqk®ep dpfL$¡S>

N¥rb°eg Nprk®ep dpfL$¡S_u dy¿e fQ_pAp

¡

kdpS>_p rhðpk kp\¡ Å¡

X$pe

¡

gp g

¡

ML$_u Agrhv$p :

_pkp_p A¡`p¡gp¡ âp¡N°pd_p Nyd_pd _pV$L$ Å ̧_ ku.

lp¡bp¡ëV$ `pqL®$k„k fp¡N_¡ L$pfZ¡ Dv$1ch¡gu S>qV$gspAp¡ bpv$

f0 A¡râg¡ r_^_ `pçep lsp. s¡Ap¡ 9` hj®_u he ^fphsp

lsp.

B.k.1969dp„ Q„Ö `f d_yóe_¡ Dspfhp dpV$¡_p kam

Arcep_ ^fphsp A¡`p¡gp¡ âp¡N°pddp„ s¡Ap¡ âp¡N°pd

A¡qÞS>r_ef lsp. Ap A„sqfn âp¡N°pddp„ s¡d_y„ ep¡Nv$p_ dlÐh`|Z® lsy.

Ad¡qfL$p_p rhop_ A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ef]N rkÂ^p„s âÐe¡ âqsbÂ^sp lp„kg L$fhpdp„ lp¡bp¡ëV$

DÐâ¡fL$ lsp. S>¡dZ¡ A„ss: A¡`p¡gp¡_p QpgL$ v$m_¡ kyfrns fus¡ Q„Ö `f Dsfhp A_¡ afu `fs

gphhp dv$v$ L$fu lsu. kpBW$_p v$iL$_u iê$Apsdp„ _pkp_¡ `©Õhu\u fp ̧L$¡V$ L$¡ A„sqfn ep_dp„

N°l_u `qf3⁄4$dp_u S>Áep Q„Ödp_u L$npdp„ QpgL$ v$m_p 3⁄4y$_¡ dp¡L$ghp dpV$¡ fpÆ L$fhp_p s¡d_p

âepkp¡ kfpl_ue lsp.

Å ̧_ ku.lp¡bp ̧ëV$

lpõe L$rh Agb¡gp MÓu

"BqÞX$e_ gpaV$f Q¡g¡ÞS>'_p Q¡rç`e_ flu QyL$¡gp d|mê$`¡ îuN„Np_Nf

(fpS>õ\p_)_p fl¡hpku lpõe L$rh Agb¡gp MÓu 49 hj®_u he¡ 8 A¡râg_p

fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep. s¡d_u L$rhsp "ldpfp NyS>fps' M|b S> ârkÂ^ \B lsu. S>¡

bv$g NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ s¡d_¡ kçdpr_s L$ep® lsp.

`ÓL$pf lp¡hp kp\¡ S> çep„dpf_p A¡L$ hqf›$ fpS>_urso L$¡,

S>¡Ap¡ L$¡V$gpe¡ hjp£ ky^u bdp® kfL$pf_p kde¡ fpS>_ursL$ L$¥v$u

õhê$`¡ L$¥v$ fl¡gp çep„dpf_p hep¡h©Â^ gp¡L$s„Ó kd\®L$ A¡hp rh_

V$u_ 8` hj®_u he¡ 19 A¡râg¡ r_^_ `pçep.

rh_ qV$_ hs®dp_dp„ Ap„N kp„N k|L$u_y„ _¡s©Ðh ^fphsu

"_¡i_g guN ap¡f X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡ku' _p k„õ\p`L$ kv$õep¡ `¥L$u_p A¡L$

A_¡ Sy>gpB 1989dp„ bdp® kfL$pf Üpfp kfL$pf rhfp¡^u

Nrsrhr^Ap¡dp„ k„g‚ fl¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ ^f`L$X$ \sp 19 hj®

S>¡gdp„ `kpf L$ep® lsp.

e|_¡õL$p¡ Üpfp s¡d_¡ hj® f001dp„ "Ngdp¡ L$p_p¡ rhð â¡k

õhs„Ósp' `yfõL$pf s\p Ap S> hj® v$frdep_ s¡d_¡ hëX®$

A¡kp¡rkA¡i_ Ap ̧a Þey¥T `¡`f Üpfp "Np¡ëX$_ `¡_ Ap¡a qäX$d'

`yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. hr

_

qV

_$

Page 13 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 13

B.k. 1999dp„ âL$pris \e¡gp `p¡sp_p D`Þepk _p¡ rd[õQa bv$g M|b S> ârkÝ^ \e¡gp L$¡_¡X$p_p

g¡ML$ A¡guõV$f d¥L$gp ̧eX$ 20 A¡râg_p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

s¡d_p¡ â\d gOy L$lp_u k„N„l

_p¡ rd[õQa

_p¡ rd[õQa

" '

Ø "^ bp¡V$' B.k. 1968dp„ âL$pris \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dS> s¡d_u AÞe L©$rsAp¡dp„

"bX®$k rb°„N ap¡\®$' A_¡ "ApBkg¡ÞX$$'' dy¿e R>¡.

Ø s¡dZ¡ rh_X$õV$f e|r_hrk®V$udp„ A„N°¡Æ A_¡ fQ_pÐdL$ g¡M_ k„b„r^s rinZ L$pe® `Z L$ey® lsy, s¡dS> Ap

e|r_hrk®V$u_u qfìe| `qÓL$p_y„ k„`pv$_ L$pe® L$ey® lsy.

Ø s¡d_p D`Þepk " ' _¡ Ap¡V$pqfep¡ qV2$rged `yfõL$pf A_¡ hj® 2001_p¡ â¿eps Bç`¡L$ X$brg_ `yfõL$pf

âpá \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dS> " ' _¡ hj® 2009_u A¡V$gp„qV$L$ L$¡_¡X$p_u 100 dlp_ `yõsL$ kh£nZdp„ kp¥\u kpfu

`yõsL$ sfuL$¡ dpÞesp dmu lsu.

cpfs v$¡i_p A¡L$dpÓ Np¡qf‰p `p¡gp¡_y„ d¥k|f rQqX$epOf Mps¡ f6 A¡râg¡

r_^_ \ey lsy. s¡_y„ r_^_ ïhpk_p Q¡` A_¡ he k„b„r^s qbdpfuAp¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ \ey lsy.

Ad|L$ hj® `l¡gp 43 hrj®e _f `[òdu r_çdc|rd n¡Óhpmp¡ `p¡gp¡

A¡qiep_p¡ A¡L$dpÓ Np¡qf‰p lsp¡. s¡_¡ 1f Ap¡Nô$ 199`_p fp¡S>

Apefg¡ÞX$_p X$brg_ rQqX$epOf Üpfp d¥k|f rQqX$epOf_¡ D`lpf sfuL$¡

Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

f8 a¡b°yApfu f014_p fp¡S> vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u heõL$ `yê$j

sfuL$¡ rN_uT bya Ap ̧a hëX®$ f¡L$p¡X®$Tdp„ _p¡„^pe¡gp ApV®yfp¡

rgL$pV$p_y„ BV$gu Mps¡ f4 A¡râg¡ r_^_ \ey lsy, A¡ kde¡ s¡d_u

he 111 hj® A_¡ 3`7 qv$hk lsu.

"dp¡_prgkp'„, "^ gp¢N NyX$ äpBX$¡'„, A_¡ "ly„ ä¡dX$ fp¡S>f f¡rbV$' S>¡hu raëdp¡ Üpfp M|b S> QrQ®s \e¡gp

rb°qV$i Arc_¡sp bp ̧g Ap¡kqL„$N f9 A¡râg¡ r_^_ `pçep lsp.

B.k.1986dp„ qfrgT \e¡gu s¡d_u qaëd "dp¡_prgkp'_¡ Np¡ëX$_ Ágp¡b `yfõL$pf s\p s¡dp Arc_e

bv$g s¡d_¡ bp¡õV$_ kp¡kpeV$u Ap ̧a raëd qkV$u A¡hp¡X®$\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

A¡a.bu.ApB._p ip`® i|V$f hp¡ëV$f Apf. hp¡ëi _y„

1 d¡ _p fp¡S> Ad¡qfL$p_p AftgNV$_ Mps¡ 106

hj®_u he¡ r_^_ \ey, 6 qv$hk bpv$ s¡d_p¡ 107dp¡

S>Þd qv$hk lsp¡.

s¡Ap¡ vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u heõL$ Ærhs Ap¡g„r`e_

lsp. s¡dZ¡ 1948_p g„X$_ Ap¡g„rç`L$dp„ `yê$j_u

50 duV$f rä r`õsp¡g õ`^p®dp„ 12dy„ õ\p_ âpá L$e®y

lsy. s¡Ap¡ A¡a.bu.ApB. s\p dqf_ L$p¡àk® kp\¡ `Z

`p¡sp_u L$pb¡rges kprbs L$fu QyL$ep lsp.

vy$r_ep_p heõL$ Ap

¡

g

„r`e_ hp

¡

ëV$f Apf. hp

¡

ëi A¡guõV$f d¥L$gp ̧eX$

Ad¡qfL$u gp¡L$ NpeL$ L$¡rh_ ip`®

`p¡sp_p Nusp¡_p dpÝed\u hj® 1990_p v$kL$pdp„ Ad¡qfL$u NpeL$p¡_u k|Qudp„ kp¥\u D`f

fl¡gp gp¡L$NpeL$ L$¡rh_ ip`® 19 A¡râg¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p L$¡rgap¡r_®ep Mps¡ r_^_ `pçep s¡Ap¡

lpX$L$p_p L$¡Þkf\u `uqX$s lsp. s¡d_p dy¿e k„Nus Apgbd d¡S>f Ap ̧a d¡_, gh Bk A¡„X$ d¡L$

A huk R>¡. s¡dS> hj® 2004dp„ s¡dZ¡ "V2$¡S>¡X$uT rNãV$' _pd_u L$¡Þkf_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp

k„b„r^s `yõsL$ `Z gMu lsu.

bp

¡

g Ap

̧

kqL

„$N

cpfs_p¡ A¡L$dpÓ Np¡qfëgp `p¡gp

¡

ê$rb_ lqfL$¡_ L$pV®f

dy1⁄2$¡bpÆdp„ `p¡sp_u Ap3⁄4$dL$ i¥gu_¡ L$pfZ¡ "lqfL$¡_' _p

D`_pd\u ÅZusp Ad¡qfL$p_p rdrX$gh¡V_p `|h® dy1⁄2$¡bpS> ê$rb_$

lqfL$¡_ L$pV®$f âp¡õV$¡V$_p L$¡Þkf_¡ L$pfZ¡ L$¡_¡X$p_p V$p¡f„V$p¡ Mps¡ `p¡sp_p

Of¡ 20 A¡râg¡ r_^_ `pçep s¡Ap¡ hj® 1966dp„ Þe|S>k}dp„ ÓZ

ð¡s gp¡L$p¡_u lÐep_p Apfp¡`dp„ b¡ v$kL$p ky^u S>¡gdp„ b„^ füp lsp.

s¡d_u ApÐdL$\p "^ rkL$kV$uÞ\ fpJX$' hj® 1975dp„ âL$pris

\B lsu A_¡ hj® 1999dp„ "lqfL$¡_' _pd_u raëd Ap `yõsL$ `f\u

b_u lsu.

vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u heõL$ `yê$j ApVy®$fp¡

rgL$pV$p_y„ 111 hj®_u he¡ BV$gu

Mps¡ r_^_

rhcpN_y„ A_yk„^p_... rhcpN_y„ A_yk„^p_...

Ap„sffpô2$ue

cpfs krls ff A¡riep-âip„s v$¡ip¡_u _p¥k¡_pAp¡A¡ ff A¡râg¡ kdyÖu

k„Qpf kdS|>rs `f lõspnf L$ep® lsp. Ap v$¡ip¡_p _p¥k¡_p âdyMp¡ hÃQ¡ Ap

kdS|>rs qÜhprj®L$ `ròdu âip„s _p¥k¥r_L$ k„Np¡›$u v$frdep_ \B lsu. S>¡_„y

Apep¡S>_ f1 \u f` A¡râg v$frdep_ Qu__p `|h} b„v$f il¡f qL$h„Nv$pAp¡

Mps¡ \ey lsy.

ff S>¡V$gp A¡riep-âip„s v$¡ip¡_u

_p¥k¡_pA¡ kdyÖu k„Qpf kdS|>rs

`f lõspnf L$ep®$

Qu__p hylp_ il¡f\u e|fp¡`_p `p¡g¡ÞX_p gp¡X$1k dpV$¡_u f¡g k¡hp 23

A¡râg\u dpgNpX$u fhp_p \hp kp\¡ iê$ \B QyL$u R>¡. Ap f¡g dpN® Qu_-

e|fp¡` ìep`pf âkpf _urs_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ap f¡g dpN®

k¡hp Ap¡L$V$p¡bf-2012dp„ S> iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡, `f„sy kudp L$f\u

k„b„r^s õ`ô$ _ursAp¡_p Acph_¡ L$pfZ¡ b„^ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

Ap ê$V$ `f f¡g dpgNpX$u L$ÅqL$õsp_, friep, b¡gpê$k \B_¡ 15 qv$hk¡

`p¡g¡ÞX$ `lp¢Qi¡.

Qu_ A_¡ e|fp¡` hÃQ¡ f¡g k¡hp âpf„c \B

cpfs v$¡i_p kps il¡f qv$ëlu, b¢Ág|ê$, dy„bB, Q¡Þ_pB, L$p¡gL$sp,

l¥v$fpbpv$ A_¡ rsê$h_„s`yfd Mps¡ 11 \u 30 A¡râg v$frdep_ cpfs- äp„k hÃQ¡ X$p„k X$pegp¡Ák _©Ðe dlp¡Ðkh_y„ buSy> k„õL$fZ ep¡ÅB Ney.

Ap _©Ðe dlp¡Ðkh cpfs-äp„k_u kdL$prg_ _©Ðe âh©rÑAp¡_u dprlsu

d¡mhhp A_¡ s¡_¡ h^pfhp dpV$¡_u L$p¡rij \B lsu. S>¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ äp„k v|$s

Aphpk A_¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ _¡V$hL®$ Üpfp \ey lsy.

cpfs-äp„k X$p„k X$pegp¡Ák _yÐe dlp¡Ðkh

« X$¡rhX$ fp¡gp Üpfp A¡L$ âep¡NpÐdL$ âv$i®_ "õV2$¡S>f B_ BqÞX$e_

`¡f¡X$pBT'

« L$p¡qfep¡N°pafp¡_p âdyM âv$i®_ A_¡ äp„kuku s\p cpfsue _©Ðe

âv$i®__u huqX$ep¡ õ3⁄4$uq_„N âv$ri®s \B.

« cpfsue A_¡ äp„kuku _sL®$_¡ A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ hpsQus L$fhp

Apd„rÓs L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

«- kdL$prg_ _s®L$ Aõspv$ v$¡by Üpfp qf\d qX$hp ̧_ âõsys \ey S>¡ hpÛ

e„Óp¡ A_¡ dqZ`yfu _©Ðe_u TgL$ v$ip®h¡ R>¡.

« dp¡fX$ dfÅ¥L$u_y„ â\d rls-lp¡` L$gpÐdL$ âv$i®_

fpô2$ue

cpfs kfL$pf¡ k¡hp r_h©Ñ ApB.A¡.A¡k. Ar^L$pfu L$¡.ku. rkhpfpdL©$óZ__u AÂenspdp„ Ap„^°âv$¡i_p

rhcpS>_ bpv$ _hu fpS>^p_u_u fQ_p dpV$¡ A¡L$ rhi¡jo krdrs_u fQ_p f` A¡râg¡ L$fu lsu.

S>¡_p kv$õep¡ _uQ¡ âdpZ¡ R>¡.

(1) L$¡.ku. rkhpfpdL©$óZ_

(f) X$p ̧.f\u_ fpe (X$pef¡L$V$f-fpô2$ue gp¡L$_pZp A_¡ _urs k„õ\p_, _hu qv$ëlu)

(3) Afp¡dpf f¡hu (X$pef¡L$V$f-cpfsue dp_h `y_hp®k k„õ\p_-b¢Ág|ê$

(4) âp ̧.S>N_ ipl (X$pef¡L$V$f-fpô2$ue il¡fu L$pe® k„õ\p_-_hu qv$ëlu)

(`) âp ̧.L$¡.V$u. frhÞÖ_ (`|h® X$u_, õL|$g Ap ̧a àgpr_„N A¡ÞX$ ApqL®$V$¡L$Qf, _hu qvëlu

cpfs v$¡i Üpfp f7 A¡râg¡ `p¡sp_u Ar^L$ JQpB\u `p¡sp_u sfa v$pNhpdp„ Aph¡gu gp„bp A„sf_u rdkpBg_¡

_ô$ L$fhpdp„ knd rdkpBg `©Õhu qX$a¢k h¡rlL$g_y„ Ap¡qX$kp_p [ìlgf Üu` sV$ Mps¡\u kam `qfnZ \ey lsy.

rhrh^

Ap„^°âv$¡i_p rhcpS>_ bpv$ _hu fpS>^p_u fQhp dpV$¡ rhi¡jo krdrs_u fQ_p

`©Õhu qX$a„¡k h¡rlL$g_y„ kam `qfnZ

`yfõL$pf

â\d Np¡ëX$d¡_ `ep®hfZ `yfõL$pf `©Õhu qv$hk_p qv$_¡ ff A¡râg 1990_p fp¡S> A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡ kde¡ Ap

`yfõL$pf_u Op¡jZp A¡râg dpkdp„ \su lsu A_¡ rhS>¡spAp¡_u `k„v$Nu Ap„sffpô2$ue S>e|fu L$fsu lsu. hs®dp_ hj£ s¡

3⁄4$ddp„ f`dp¡ `yfõL$pf lsp¡.

kp_ äp„rkõL$p¡_u Np¡ëXd¡_ `ep®hfZ apJX$¡i_ Üpfp ârs hj® A¡_pes \sp¡ Ap `yfõL$pf R> dlpqÜ` ApräL$p, A¡riep,

e|fp¡`, Üu` A_¡ Ühu`ue fpô2$, DÑf Ad¡qfL$p, v$rnZ A_¡ dÂe Ad¡qfL$p_p `ep®hfZ _peL$p¡_¡ âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

N°u_ _p¡b¡g sfuL$¡ ÅZusp ârkÂ^ Np¡ëX$d¡_ `ep®hfZ `yfõL$pf-f014 bv$g `ep®hfZ L$pe®L$sp® fd¡i AN°hpg_¡ f8

A¡râg_p fp¡S> kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap `yfõL$pf `ep®hfZrhv$1p¡_¡ rhðcfdp„ s¡_u D`gqå^Ap¡ bv$g âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

fd¡i AN°hpg_¡ Ap `yfõL$pf cpfscfdp„ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ rhL$pk_¡ r_e„qÓs L$fhpdp„ s¡d_p ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g A¡_pes \ep¡ R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ Npd gp¡L$p¡_¡ dprlsu Ar^L$pf_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu_¡ s¡_p rhj¡_u dprlsuAp¡ d¡mhhp k„NW$us L$ep® lsp. s¡d_p âepkp¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ hj® f01fdp„ R>ÑukNY_p Npf¡ Npd Mps¡ âõsprhs L$p¡e_p `qfep¡S>_p b„^ L$fhu `X$u lsu.

Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$fZ\u `ep®hfZ_u fnp L$fhp s¡dZ¡ "S>_ Q¡s_p' _pd\u Ap„v$p¡g__u iê$Aps L$fu lsu.

`ep®hfZ L$pe®L$sp® fd¡i AN°hpg_¡ Np¡ëX$d¡_ `ep®hfZ `yfõL$pf-f014

Np¡ëX$d¡_ `ep®hfZ `yfõL$pf ::

aflp_ A¿sf A_¡ Sy>lu Qphgp v$pv$pkpl¡b apmL$¡ AL$pv$du kçdp_\u kçdpr_s

dy„bB Mps¡ 1 d¡_p fp¡S> Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ aflp_ A¿sf_¡ "cpN rdëMp cpN' s\p Sy>lu Qphgp_¡ "Nygpb

N¢N'dp„ DÑd Arc_e bv$g s\p `pð NpreL$p kyr_r^ Qp¥lpZ_¡ ^yd-3dp„ "L$dgu' Nus Nphp bv$g v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡

AL$pv$du kçdp_\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep.Arc_¡sp Æs¡ÞÖ_¡ raëd vy$r_epdp„ s¡d_p ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g s\p Np¥sd fp¡X$¡

(kfõhsu Q„Ö V$uhu rkfueg), ql_p Mp_ s\p L$r`g idp® `Z Ap `yfõL$pf\u `yfõL©$s \ep lsp.

μ âÐe¡L$ `yfõL$pf rhS>¡spAp¡_¡ 1`0,000 Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf_u fL$d A`®Z \pe R>¡.

μ Ap `yfõL$pf ìeqL$sNs _peL$p¡_u Ap¡mM L$fu_¡ AÞe kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡_¡ âpL©$rsL$ vy$r_ep_u fnp dpV$¡ Akp^pfZ L$pe®

L$fhp_u â¡fZp `yfu `pX$¡ R>¡.

μ Ap `yfõL$pf AhpT> DW$ph_pf _peL$p¡_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue dpÞesp âv$p_ L$fu_¡ s¡_p Üpfp DW$phpe¡gp dyv«pAp¡_¡ h¥rðL$

`V$g `f dyL$¡ R>¡.

Page 14 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 14

âMf Np„^u rhQpfL$ A_¡ `|h® kp„kv$ S>epb¡_ ipl 93 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep. 1 Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf

19ffdp„ cph_Nf Mps¡ q`sp qÓcyh_v$pk s\p dpsp gÿdubl¡__¡ Ðep„ S>Þd¡gp S>epb¡_¡ dy„bB

e|q_hrk®V$udp„ A\®ip÷ A_¡ fpS>_ursip÷dp„ A¡d.A¡._p¡ Aæepk L$ep¡® lsp¡.

õhfpS>e dýep bpv$ kp¥fpô2$ fpS>e_u fQ_p bpv$ s¡Ap¡ kfL$pfdp„ qinZd„Óu sfuL$¡ füp lsp.

s¡dS> 1957, 1962, 1967dp„ kp„kv$ sfuL$¡ `Z Qy„V$pep lsp.

Ü B.k.1939 \u kp¥fpô2$dp„ iê$Aps `pd¡gu rlÞv$u âQpf krdrs_p õ\p`L$ kæe b_u kp¥fpô2$,

L$ÃR> A_¡ NyS>fpsdp„ rlÞv$u âQpf_y„ L$pe® L$ey®.

Ü B.k.197` \u 1980 ky^u NyS>fps fpS>e Mpv$u N°pdp¡Ûp¡N bp¡X®$_p AÂen füp s¡dS> khp¡®v$e k¡hp

k„O, N°pd õhfpS> d„X$m _¡Óeo V2$õV$ krls rinZ k„õ\pAp¡, drlgp k„õ\pAp¡ kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp

füp.

Ü fpS>L$p¡V$_u fpô2$ue ipmp, L$bp Np„^u_p¡ X$¡gp¡, dp„Nfp¡m_u ipfv$pN°pd, ArgepbpX$p_u N„NpS>mp

rhÛp`uW$, Ap„bgp_u N°pd v$rnZd|rs®, Qgpgp_u `„X$ep Mpv$u L$pep®ge, kphfLy„$X$gp_p Mpv$u

L$pep®ge S>¡hu A_¡L$ k„õ\pAp¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp füp.

Ü B.k.1983dp„ `rs hSy>cpB_y„ Ahkp_ \sp s¡d_u õd©rsê$`¡ õd©rsN°„\_y„ k„`pv$_ s\p âpQu_-

Ahp®Qu_ cS>_p¡_p k„`yV$ "shQfZ¡'_y„ k„`pv$_ krls B.k.198`dp„ Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ Ad¡qfL$_

Æh_ _pd_p `yõsL_y„$ âL$pi_ L$ey®.

kp

¥fpô2$_p â\d drlgp kp

„

kv$ A_

¡

Np

„

^u rhQpfL$ S>epb

¡

_ ipl_y

„ r_^_

âMf fpdpeZu `|.dp¡fpqfbp`y_p sgNpS>fX$p Npd¡ rQÓLy$V$^pddp„ îu

l_ydp_ S>e„rs âk„N¡ A¡_pes \e¡gp `yfõL$pfp¡ _uQ¡ S>Zpìep dyS>b R>¡.

_V$fpS> A¡hp¡X®$

(1) d_p¡S>Ly$dpf (raëd Arc_¡sp)

(f) dyL$¡i MÞ_p (V$u.hu. Arc_¡sp)

(3) i„L$fgpg _peL$ (chpB)

(4) Afthv$ Å¡iu (NyS>fpsu f„Nc|rd)

l_yd„s A¡hp¡X®$

(1) `„qX$s fpd_pfpeZ (kpf„Nu hpv$_)

(f) Dõspv$ Nygpd dyõsyapMp„ (L„$W$e k„Nus)

(3) `v$dp kyb°dÎed (cfs _pV$1ed)

(4) V$u.L$¡.d|rs® (d©v„$N hpv$_)

L$¥gpk grgsL$gp A¡hp¡X®

(1) L$pqÞs `V$¡g (rië`L$gp)

`|.dp¡fpfubp`y_p

Ap„NZ¡ Aqõdsp`h®

`yfõL$pfp¡ A¡_pes \ep

qv$ëlu_p `|kp L$¡ç`k Mps¡ Aph¡gp cpfsue L©$rj A_yk„^p_ k„õ\p_ Üpfp

dpV$u_u s`pk dpV$¡ "kp ̧eg õV$¡V$ aqV®$gpBTf f¡L$p¡d¢X$¡i_ duV$f'_y„ q_dp®Z L$fhp_u

Op¡jZp 1` A¡râg¡ \B R>¡. Ap e„Ó_y„ ìehkpreL$ DÐ`pv$_ iê$ \B Ney R>¡.

k„õ\p_¡ s¡_p ìehkpreL$ DÐàppv$_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ Mp_Nu L„$`_u kp\¡ L$fpf L$ep£ R>¡.

e„Ó_u qL„$ds Apif¡ 30,000 S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$p¡B`Z M¡X|$s `|kp_u Ap¡rak¡\u

Mfuv$u iL$¡ R>¡. e„Ó Mfuv$_pf_¡ k„õ\p sfa\u A¡L$ \u b¡ rv$hk ky^u A¡L$ ârinZ

Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡.

k„õ\p__p S>Zpìep A_ykpf Ap e„Ó_u L$pe®âZpgu Apkp_ R>¡. S>¡ A¡L$

qõV$`_u klpesp Üpfp dpV$u_u qf`p¡V®$ Ap`i¡. Ap e„Ó_u klpesp Üpfp fL$s- e|qf__u s`pk_u S>¡d S> qõV$`_u klpesp\u qf`p¡V®$ dmi¡. Ap qõV$`_¡ L$pfZ¡

Apif¡ `0 _d|_pAp¡_u s`pk \B iL$i¡. `l¡gp Ap âL$pf_u s`pk dpV$¡ L$¡V$gpL$

káplp¡_u hpV$ Å¡hu `X$su lsu, lh¡ qf`p¡V®$ dpV$¡ B„sÅf L$fhp¡ _l] `X$¡. Ap e„Ó

hX$¡ dpÓ f0 rdr_V$dp„ dpV$u_u qf`p¡V®$ dmu S>i¡. kp\¡ kp\¡ Ap e„Ó `qfZpd_p

Ap^pf¡ Mpsf_p D`ep¡N k„b„r^s kgpl `Z Ap`i¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ M¡X|$s `p¡sp_u

akgdp„ h^pfp¡ L$fu iL$i¡.

B.k.190`dp„ A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$u kdpS> k¡hL$ rd.l¡_fu raàk Üpfp âv$p_ \e¡gp

30,000 `pDÞX$_p klep¡N\u `|kp (rblpf) Mps¡ d|m ê$`¡ "Bçduqfeg L©$rj

A_yk„^p_'_u õ\p`_p \B lsu. `f„sy B.k.1934dp„ rblpfdp„ Aph¡gp ce„L$f

c|L„$`_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap k„õ\p_ M|b S> nrsN°õs \ey lsy, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡ S> hj®

v$frdep_ k„õ\p__¡ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ õ\p_p„sqfs L$fhpdp„ Apìey. S>¡_¡ "`|kp

L$¡ç`k' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Apìey. kde S>sp Ap k„õ\p__y„ _pd cpfsue L©$rj

A_yk„^p_ k„õ\p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

L©$rj-`iy`pg_

dpV$u_u s`pk dpV$¡ kp¡eg V$¡õV$

aqV®$gpBTf f¡L$p¡d¢X$¡i_ duV$f_y„ r_dp®Z

cpfsue L©$rj A_yk„^p_ k„õ\p_ ::

AcZ M¡X|$sp¡_u dv$v$ dpV$¡ _hy kp ̧ãV$h¡f A¡[àgL$¡i_ "k„v$¡i `pW$L$' rhL$rks L$fhpdp„

Apìey R>¡. S>¡dp V$¡1⁄4õV$-V|$-õ`uQ_u fus_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ ku-X$¥L$

rsê$hA_„s`yfd, ku-X$¡L$ dy„bB, ApB.ApB.V$u. MX$N`yf, ApB.ApB.V$u. dÖpk,

ApB.ApB.V$u. l¥v$fpbpv$ Üpfp dmu_¡ b_phpey R>¡.

s¡ B_`yV$_u fus¡ A¡k.A¡d.A¡k. k„v$¡i âpá L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ bpv$dp„ ApDV$`yV$_u fus¡ s¡

A¡k.A¡d.A¡k. k„v$¡i_¡ bp¡gu_¡ k„cmph¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ `p„Q cpfsue cpjpAp¡ tlv$u, NyS>fpsu,

srdg,dfpW$u A_¡ s¡gyN|dp„ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$pe R>¡. cpjp `k„v$ L$fhp_p¡ rhL$ë` s¡dp lpS>f

R>¡. s¡dp v$f¡L$ cpjp_p V$u.V$u.A¡k. A¡qÞS>__p L©$rj k„b„r^s iåv$p¡_y„ `funZ L$fhpdp„

Apìey R>¡.A_¡ s¡_¡ A_yLy$m V$1e|t_N `Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

s¡dp AhpT_u Nrs kpdpÞe, ^udu, kp¥\u ^udu-TX$`u L$fhp_p¡ rhL$ë` lpS>f R>¡.

A¡[àgL$¡i__¡ cpfs kfL$pf_p dp¡bpBg k¡hp `qfep¡S>_p_p A¡à`õV$p¡fdp„\u X$pD_gp¡X$

L$fu iL$pe R>¡. Ap A¡[àgL$¡i_ cpfs kfL$pf Üpfp qL$kp_p¡_¡ k„v$¡i hp„Qhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fhp

dpV$¡ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu `qfep¡S>_p_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ R>¡. S>¡ A¡k.A¡d.A¡k. k„v$¡i hp„Qu_¡

kp„cmhp_u kyrh^p âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap A¡[àgL$¡i_ A¡V$gp dpV$¡ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡

L$¡, qL$kp_p¡ A¡k.A¡d.A¡k.dp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gu kgplp¡ hpQhp dpV$¡ Akd\® lsp, S>¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ s¡ D`L$fZ_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$sp _ lsp.

Mpsf, L$uV$L$p¡, Opk A_¡ fp¡N âb„^_ k„b„r^s kgplp¡ s\p dp¥kd `|hp®_ydp_ rhj¡

kyQ_pAp¡ Ap`hu s¡dS> _hu_sd V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A`X$¡V$ D`gå^ L$fphhy rhN¡f¡.

Å¡L$¡, Ap A¡[àgL$¡i_ qÜcpju k„v$¡ipAp¡_¡ hpQhp Akd\® lp¡e buÅ QfZdp„

qÜcpju A¡[àgL$¡i_ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. kp\¡ dgepgd, L$Þ_X$, fpS>õ\p_u,

Akrdep rhN¡f¡ 13 cpjpAp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. s¡dS> ApB.ApB.V$u. Np¥lpÑu,

ApB.ApB.V$u. d„X$u, A¡k.A¡k.A¡_. L$p ̧g¡S> Q¡Þ_B, X$u.A¡.-ApB.ApB.ku.V$u.

Adv$phpv$, Np¥lprÑ e|r_hrk®V$u A_¡ ApB.ApB.A¡k.ku. b¢Ág|ê$ S>¡hp k„õ\p_p¡_¡ kpd¡g

L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

"k„v$¡i `pW$L$'

- M¡X|$sp¡ dpV$¡_y„ _hy

kp ̧ãV$h¡f A¡[àgL$¡i_ rhL$rks

A¡[àgL$¡i__u rhi¡jspAp

¡

A¡k.A¡d.A¡k._p L$ÞV$¡ÞV$

Page 15 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 15

Ad¡qfL$p_p 67 hrj®e `|h® fpô2$`rs S>ep¡S®> X$åëe|.byi_¡ b¡ hj®

`l¡gp e¡g_p BrslpkL$pf Å ̧_ g¡rhk N¥qX$k Üpfp kgpl Ap`hpdp„

Aphu L$¡, s¡Ap¡ rv$h„Ns rb°rV$i hX$pâ^p_ QrQ®g Üpfp gMpe¡g r_b„^

`¡BqÞV„$N "A¡d A `pkV$pBd'_p¡ Aæepk L$f¡ bpv$dp„ S>ep¡S®> byi¡

ApB`¡X$ õL$¡Q A¡qàgL$¡i_\u iê$Aps L$fu_¡ X$gpk_p ÅZusp rQÓL$pf

N¡g _p ̧f aguV$ `pk¡\u rQÓL$pfu_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ A_¡ iê$Apsdp„

`pm¡gp Ly$sfp-rbgpX$uAp¡_u sõhufp¡ b_phu lsu.

B.k.f001 \u f009 ky^u Ad¡rfL$p_p 43dp„ fpô2$`rs fl¡gp

S>ep¡S®> byi¡ A¡râg f014dp„ X$gpk_u â¡rkX$¢rieg gpBb°¡fudp„ `p¡sp_p

rQÓp¡_y„ âv$i®_ ep¡S>ey lsy. S>¡dp„ cpfs_p hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_rk„O

s¡d_¡ dýep lsp s¡ kde_y„ rQÓ krls `yrs_ (friep), A¢S>¡gp dL$£g

(S>d®_ QpÞk¡gf), lrdv$ L$fS>B (AaOpr_õsp_), V$p¡_u åg¡f

(rb°V$_), S|>r_rQfp¡ L$p¡BTydu (Å`p_), rS>ep„N S>¡du_ (Qu_), `fh¡T

dyif®a (`pqL$õsp_), v$gpBgpdp krls Ly$g f4 dp¡V$p _¡spAp¡_u S>ep¡S®>

byi¡ b_ph¡gu skhufp¡ âv$ri®s \B lsu.

Ap ̧_gpB_ kQ® A¡qÞS>_ L„$`_u N|Ng¡ `p¡sp_p "õV2$uV$ ìe| âp ̧S>¡L$V$' A„sN®s 3 A¡râg_p fp¡S> L„$bp¡qX$ep_p

A„NL$p¡fhpV$ dpV$¡ "360 qX$N°u Ap¡_gpB_ ìe|' k¡hp_p¡ Apf„c L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap âL$pf_u k¡hp L„$bp¡qX$ep_p A`kpfp _¡i_g

Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u_u dv$v Üpfp s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. _¡i_g Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u_u fQ_p A„NL$p¡f_p k„fnZ A_¡ bQph_p l¡sykf

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡.

N|Ng_p õV2$uV$ ìe| âp¡S>¡L$V$ A„sN®s rhrcÞ_ õdpfL$p¡_u 360 qX$N°u_p AÐepr^L$ 90,000 rfÅ¡ëe|i__p ap¡V$p¡

D`gå^ L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$ SygpB f013dp„ Apf„c \ep¡ lsp¡. S>¡ A„sN®s A„NL$p¡f_p gNcN 100

d„qv$fp¡_¡ Aphfu g¡hpep R>¡.

A„NL$p¡f_p "õV2$uV $ìe| âp¡S>¡L$V$' A„sN®s k„N°ldp„ Ðep„_p 470 hN® qL$gp¡duV$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gp Ýhõs 300 L$gpL©$qsAp¡_¡

`Z kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap L$gp L©$rsAp¡ dp¡V$pcpN¡ `e®V$L$p¡ Üpfp rkA¡d fu`_u `p¡sp_u epÓp v$fqdep_

AZv$¡Mpe¡gu flu Åe R>¡. N|Ng õV2$uV$ ìe| k¡hp N|Ng d¡àk_p¡ S> A¡L$ rlõkp¡ R>¡. S>¡ vy$r_ep_p Ly$g `` v$¡ip¡dp„ Apf„c \B

QyL$u R>¡. Ap k¡hp_p dpÂed\u D`ep¡NL$sp® õV2$uV$ ìe|dp„ kpd¡g L$fpe¡gp õdpfL$p¡_¡ Ap ̧_gpB_ ê$`¡ Å¡B iL$¡ R>¡.

L„$bp¡qX$ep_p A„NL$p¡fhpf dpV$¡ "360 qX$N°u

Ap¡_gpB_ ìe|' k¡hp_p¡ N|Ng Üpfp âpf„c

S>ep¡S®> byi¡

X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO

krls f4 _¡spAp¡_u

`¡BqÞV$„N b_phu

S>mhpey `qfhs®_ `f A„sf kfL$pfu kqdqs (ApB.`u.ku.ku.) Üpfp S>mhpey `qfhs®_ f014 : âcph,

A_yLy$g_ A_¡ c¡v$esp' _pdL$ rf`p¡V®$ Å`p__p ep¡L$p¡lpdp Mps¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Al] S>mhpey

`rfhs®__p âcphp¡ `f ìep`L$ h¥opr_L$ A_¡ sL_uL$u d|ëep„L$_ dpV$¡ h¥opr_L$p¡ A_¡ Ar^L$pfuAp¡A¡ A¡L$ kápl_u

JX$pZ`|h®L$_u QQp® bpv$ Ap qf`p¡V®$ âõsys L$fu lsu. qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b vy$r_ep_p v$¡ip¡ Nfd \_pf N¡kp¡_u

âvy$jZ_u dpÓpdp„ OV$pX$p¡ _l] L$f¡ sp¡ Ágp¡bg hp¡rd ̄N\u \_pf _yL$ip_ b¡L$pby \B iL$¡ R>¡.

qf`p¡V®$dp„ h^ydp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ f1du kv$udp„ e|fp¡`dp„ Nfdu_u gl¡f, Ad¡qfL$p_p S„>Ngp¡dp„ ApN,

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgepdp„ vy$óL$pm A_¡ d¡pTpqçbL$, \pBg¡ÞX$ A_¡ `pqL$õsp_dp„ cujZ `yf Å¡sp A¡hy gpN¡ R>¡ L$¡ dp¥kd_p¡ dpf

dp_h L$fu fus¡ kl_ L$fu füp¡ R>¡. Ap qf`p¡V®$ ApB.`u.ku.ku. sfa\u \e¡gp `p„Qdp„ ApL$g__p¡ buÅ¡ AÂepe R>¡.

ApB.`u.ku.ku. _u õ\p`_p B.k.1988dp„ \B lsu.

S>mhpey `rfhs®_ f014 : âcph,

A_yL|$g_ A_¡ c¡v1esp-qf`p¡V®$ Åfu

cpfsdp„ b_¡gu "Nygpb N¢N' _pd_u raëd `

d¡\u 10 d¡ ky^u ep¡Å_pf 14dp„ Þe|ep¡L®$-BqÞX$ep

raëd a¡qõV$hgdp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap raëd

kpdpÆL$ L$pe®L$sp® k„`s v$¡hu_p Æh_ `f b_¡gu R>¡.

raëd a¡qõV$hgdp„ `pqL$õsp_, îug„L$p A_¡ _¡`pm_u

raëdp¡ `Z v$ip®hhpdp„ Aphi¡. Nygpb N¢N_y„ r_v£i_

r_›$p S>¥_¡ L$ey® R>¡.

raëd_u L$lp_u hj® f006dp„ Nygpbu L$`X$p `l¡f_pf drlgpAp¡_u A¡L$ N¢N_u R>¡. S>¡

DÑfâv$¡idp„ by„v$¡g M„X$ A_¡ dÂeâv$¡idp„ drlgpAp¡_p Ar^L$pf dpV$¡ L$pe®fs lsu.

iê$Apsdp„ Nygpb N¢N v$d_ L$fsp `rsAp¡, r`spAp¡, cpBAp¡_¡ kÅ L$fu_¡ Of¡gy„ tlkp A_¡

`qfÐepN_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp_p l¡sykf b_phhpdp„ Aphu lsu. N¢N_u kv$õe `yê$j A`fp^uAp¡_¡

`l¡gp hpsQus\u kdÅhsu lsu. A_¡ S>p¡ A`fp^ M|b S> N„cuf lp¡e sp¡ `yê$jp¡_¡ Ål¡fdp„

ifdS>_L$ qõ\rsdp„ dyL$su lsu. L$epf¡L$ s¡d_p `f gpW$uAp¡ `Z hfkphhpdp„ Aphsu lsu.

"Nygpb N¢N' Þe|ep¡L$®-BqÞX$ep raëd

a¡qõV$hgdp„ v$ip®hpi¡

Nygpb N¢N

HÁg¡ÞX$_p "bp¡_lçk Ap ̧L$i_ lpDk' sfa\u 9 A¡râg_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu lfpÆdp„ dyNg

bpv$ipl AL$bf_u Æh_L$\p kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu vyg®c ^fp¡lf "AL$bf_pdp' A_¡ rafv$p¥ku_u "ipl_pdp'

_u d|m âs_u lfpÆ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp„ A¡L$ AÅÎep N°plL$¡ "AL$bf_pdp' 1.38 L$fp¡X$ s\p

"ipl_pdp' Apif¡ A¡L$ L$fp¡Xdp„ Mfuv$u lsu. Ap kp\¡ L$¡V$gpL$ cpfsue rQÓL$pfp¡ Üpfp b_phpe¡gp

cpfsue k„õL©$rs A_¡ L$gp v$ip®hsu `¡BqÞV„N `Z 4` gpM `pDÞX$dp„ h¡QpZu lsu. A¡hu dpÞesp R>¡ L$¡,

gM_D_u f¡kuX$¢kudp„\u "AL$bf_pdp' A_¡ Ah^_p A„rsd _hpb_u gpBb°¡fudp„\u "ipl_pdp' BõV$

BqÞX$ep L„$`_u_¡ dýep lsp, S>¡_¡ s¡Ap¡ rb°V$_ gB Nep lsp.

"AL$bf_pdp' _p¡ ipqåv$L$ A\® R>¡-"AL$bf L$u L$lp_u'. S>¡ AL$bf_p ipk_L$pmdp„ gMpe¡gp¡

âdprZL$ Brslpk N°„\ R>¡. bpv$ipl AL$bf_p v$fbpf_p rhÜp_ Abyg aTg Üpfp apfkudp„ gMpe¡gp¡

ârkÂ^ N°„\ R>¡. Abyg aTg Üpfp B.k.1`90 \u 1`96 hÃQ¡ ÓZ M„X$dp„ Ap N°„\ gMhpdp„ Apìep¡

lsp¡. S>¡dp„ kps hj£ s¥epf \e¡gp â\d A_¡ buÅ M„X$dp„ s¥d|f_u h„iphmu, bpbf_y„ kpd°pS>e, lydpey

A_¡ k|fu h„i s\p AL$bf_p kpd°pS>e_y„ hZ®_ R>¡. S>epf¡ ÓuÅ M„X$dp„ tlvy$ rhÜp_, L$f âZpgu, c|Np¡m,

kpd°pS>e A_¡ cpfsue L$gp-k„õL©$rs_y„ hZ®_ R>¡. ÓZ M„X$p¡dp„ 6` S>¡V$gp dyNgL$pgu_ `¢qV„$Ák `Z

kpd¡g R>¡.

Mp¡fpkp__p dld|v$ NT_hu_p v$fbpfdp„ âõsys \e¡gu Ap `yõsL$ aufv$p¥kuA¡ 30 hj®_u dl¡_s

bpv$ B.k.1010dp„ s¥epf L$fu lsu. apfku cpjp_p¡ Ap dlpN°„\ Bfp_ `f Afbu as¡l (B.k.636)_p

`|h®_p ipkL$p¡_p QqfÓ `f gMpe¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ dy¿eÐh¡ vy$lpAp¡ R>¡. b¡ dy¿e cpNdp„ hl¢Qpe¡gp R>¡ A_¡

rd\qL$e L$¡ L$rh L$që`s A_¡ A¥rslprkL$ kpkp_u ipkL$p¡ kp\¡ d¡m Mpe R>¡.

"AL$bf_pdp' A_¡ "ipl_pdp' _u lfpÆ

A¥rslprkL$ N°„\

AL$bf_pdp :

ipl_pdp

hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO Üpfp 31 ÅÞeyApfu f008_p fp¡S> Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i dpV$¡_p `¡L$¡S>dp„

f¡gh¡ k¡hp_u Op¡jZp \B lsu. S>¡dp„ A¡qÞS>__u â\d V2$peg f_ lfdyÖu\u _plfNyg hÃQ¡ 14

ÅÞeyApfu f014_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. Ap gpB__y„ r_funZ ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p kv$õe bu.L$¡.

Qsyh£v$u_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ A¡L$ DÃQ õsfue V$ud Üpfp 17 ÅÞeyApfu f014_p fp¡S> \ey lsy.

7 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> BV$p_Nf_¡ â\d dykpaf V2$¡_ iê$ L$fhp kp\¡ `|hp£Ñf fpS>ep¡_p Np¡lpÑu

bpv$ Ap kyrh^p ^fph_pf buSy> il¡f b_hp_y kv$1cpÁe âpá \ey R>¡. X$uTg A¡qÞS>_\u Qpgsu Ap

V2$¡_dp„ 10 bp¡Nu kp\¡ b¡ dpg hplL$ X$bp Å¡X$hpdp„ Apìep lsp. V2$¡_dp„ 400 dykpaf khpf lsp. S>¡dp„

X$¡L$pfNp„h Mps¡\u ku.X$u.idp® _pdL$ dykpaf¡ 3` ê$r`ep_p d|ëe_u â\d qV$qL$V$ Mfuv$u lsu.

Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i_u fpS>^p_u BV$p_Nfdp

„

â\d dykpaf V2$¡

__u iê$Aps

cpfsue _p¥k¡_pdp„\u k¡hp dyL$s \e¡gy rhdp_hplL$ S>lpS> ApB.A¡_.A¡k. rh3⁄4$p„s

A¡râg_p â\d kápldp„ ApB.bu. L$p ̧dri®eg âpBh¡V$ rgrdV$¡X$ L„$`_uA¡ Mfuv$ey lsy.

Ap S>lpS>¡ B.k.1971_p cpfs-`pqL$õsp__p eyÂ^dp„ dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p r_cphu

lsu. k¡hpdyqL$s bpv$ Ap S>lpS>_¡ dy„bB b„v$f `f A¡L$ çe|qTed ê$`¡ fpMhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

S>¡_u ÅmhZu dlpfpô2$ kfL$pf L$fsu lsu.

cpfs_y

„

â\d rhdp_ hplL$ S>lpS> ApB.A¡

_.A¡k. rh3⁄4$p

„

s 60 L$fp

¡

X$dp

„

h

¡Qpey

(h^y rhNs dpV$¡ L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep_p¡ Ap¡L$V$p¡bf-f013_p¡ A„L$ Mpk hp„Qhp¡).

"åg¡L$ `g®'_p hpmdp„\u b_phpep¡ Av$1c|s X$ped„X$

vy$r_ep_p dlp_ ayV$bp¡gf s\p "åg¡L$ `g®' _pd _pd\u dil|f `¡g¡_p QpL$lp¡ dpV$¡

epv$Nufu flu Åe s¡hu OV$_p b_u R>¡. qv$ÁNS> ayV$ bp¡gf_p hpm_p A„idp„\u s¡_p

f¡kpAp¡_p D`ep¡N Üpfp 1,f88 S>¡V$gp rlfp b_phhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap k„¿ep `¡g¡A¡

L$f¡gp Np¡g S>¡V$gu R>¡.7,500 X$p ̧gf_u tL„$ds_p Ap rlfp kp¡_p_p bp¡L$kdp„ `¡qL„$N \i¡.

Ap bp¡L$k `f ` ̧g¡_¡ `uQ `f Np¡g L$fsp v$ip®hpep R>¡. Ap lufp DÃQ v$bpZ A_¡ DÃQ

sp`dp_dp„ b_phhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_p V$pBd d¡N¡rT_ Üpfp f4 A¡râg¡ vy$r_ep_p 100 âcphipmu gp¡L$p¡_u k|Qu Ål¡f \B lsu. Ap

k|Qu L$p¡B`Z Ås_u f¡qL„$N hNf Åfu \B lsu. S>¡dp„ Qpf cpfsue kdprhô$ R>¡ Afthv$ L$¡S>fuhpg, _f¡ÞÖ

dp¡v$u s\p S>¡_¡ cpfs_p ApÐdp sfuL$¡ S>Zphhpdp„ Apìep s¡hp g¡rML$p Aê$„^su fp¡e A_¡ ArÜsue Apfp¡Áe

k„ip¡^L$ L$p¡Bçbsyf_p Aê$ZpQgd dyê$N__p\d L$¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ `p¡sp_u `qÐ__¡ dv$v$ L$fhp Ap¡R>p¡ MQ® ^fphsu

k¡_¡V$fu `¡X$ b_phsu diu__p ApqhïL$pf_¡ S>Þd Apàep¡ lsp¡.

hprj®L$ k|Qudp„ bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp, iu qT_t`N, L$gpL$pf rbep¡Þk¡, Ad¡qfL$u rhv$¡id„Óu Å ̧_ L$¡fu, rlg¡fu

qL$g„V$_, `p¡` äp„rkk, ìgpv$uduf `yqV$_, A¡X$hX®$ õ_p¡X$¡_, i]Tp¡ Ab¡, dgpgp e|k|aS>B, Ap¡õL$f rhS>¡sp d¥Õey

d¥L$L$_p¡^¡, fp¡bu_ fpBV$, Aëap„kp¡ L$pDfp¡_, fp¡bV®$ f¡X$ap¡X$®, õV$uh d¥L$L$hu_ kpd¡g R>¡.

V$pBd d

¡

N

¡Tu__p kp

¥\u âcphipmu 100 gp

¡L$p

¡

_u k|Qu Ål

¡f

Page 16 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 16

s¡ õV$p ̧L$lp¡d A_¡ õhuX$__y„ A¡L$ k„NW$_ R>¡. S>¡ rhðcfdp„ k¥Þe MQ®_p rhL$pk `f _S>f fpM¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe s¡

k¥Þe MQ®_u kp¥\u ìep`L$, A_yL|©$m A_¡ rhõs©s X$¡V$p ÷p¡s ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡_p k¡_p MQ® âp¡N°pd_p X$pef¡L$V$f

X$p ̧.k¡d`gp£-qäd¡_ R>¡.

õV$p¡L$lp¡d HV$f_¡i_g qfkQ® BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ (A¡k.ApB.`u.Apf.ApB.) Üpfp 14 A¡qâg¡ "V2$¡X$k B_ hëX®$ rdg¡V2$u

A¡L$k`¢qX$Qf, f013' rf`p¡V®$ Åfu \B lsu. S>¡dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b hj® f01f\u vy$r_epcf_p v$¡ip¡dp„ Ly$g k¥Þe

MQ®dp„ hpõshdp„ 1.9 % NufphV$ Aphu R>¡. rf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf hj® f013dp„ rhð_p v$f¡L$ v$¡ip¡_p Ly$g MQ® 1.7`

qV2$rge_ X$p ̧gf S>¡V$gp¡ lsp¡.

Ap rf`p¡V®$dp„ cpfs v$¡i _hdp„ õ\p_¡ füy lsy. S>¡ hj® f01fdp„ ApW$dp„ õ\p_¡ lsy. cpfs¡ k¡_p `f hj® f013dp„

47.4 rbrge_ X$p ̧gf MQ® L$ep£ lsp¡. S>epf¡ Ad¡qfL$p Üpfp k¥ÞeMQ®dp„ hj® f013dp„ 7.8% rNfphV$ Aphu R>¡. S>¡_„y

L$pfZ BfpL$dp„ eyÂ^_u `|Z®sp, AaOpr_õsp_dp„\u k¡_p_y„ `fs afhy, bS>¡V$L$p`_p¡ âõsph dy¿e R>¡. Äepf¡

k¡_pdp„ kp¥\u h^y MQ® L$f_pf Qu_, friep, kpDv$u Afb kp¥\u ApNm füp R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_u fpô2$ue rhop_ AL$pv$du_u L$pe®hpluAp¡ (`u.A¡_.A¡.A¡k.) Üpfp A¡L$ AÂee_

âL$pris L$fu_¡ S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ L$¡, A¡qiepB v$¡ip¡dp„ h^u fl¡gp âvy$jZ A_¡ âip„s dlpkpNf_u

D`f dp¥kd âZpguAp¡dp„ bv$gph rhj¡_p¡ k„b„^ rhj¡ S>Zphpey R>¡. AÂee_ dyS>b dëV$uõL$¡g h¥[ðL$

S>mhpey dp¡X$g_p D`ep¡N Üpfp âip„s dlpkpNfdp„ sp¡ap_p¡_p Nd_ dpN® `f dp_h S>r_s

A¡fp¡kp¡ëk_p âcph `f Ap^pqfs R>¡.

`.b„Npm_p L$gBLy$X$p A¡f`p¡V®$ `pk¡ A¡L$ rhS>mu_p¡ `p¡g gNphhp dpV$¡ \B fl¡gp

Mp¡v$L$pd kde¡ S>du__u A„v$f ÓZ ayV$ JX$¡\u B.k.1939dp„ b_¡gp¡ A_¡ buÅ

rhðeyÂ^ kde_p¡ bp¢b dmu Apìep¡ R>¡. dp¥rgi|g Npddp„\u dm¡gp¡ Ap bp¢b 4`0

qL$gp¡N°pd hS>_ ^fph¡ R>¡, s¡ dp¡V$p gp¡M„X$_p b¡fgdp„ g`¡V$pe¡gp¡ lsp¡. S>¡ Apif¡ 4 ayV$

S>¡V$gp¡ gp„bp¡ R>¡. Ap bp¢b_¡ vy$^ ay„X$u S„>Ng Mps¡ Vy„$L$ kdedp„ _ô$ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

rhð dp¥kd rhop_ k„NW$_

`¡_g Üpfp 4 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S>

cpfs_p Q¡fp`y„Æ_¡ f493

rdguduV$f S>¡V$gp hfkpv$ kp\¡ 48

L$gpL$dp„ kp¥\u h^y hjp®_p rhð f¡L$p¡X®

afuhpf L$ped L$fhp_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. ANpD Q¡fp`|„Ædp„

kp¥\u h^y hfkpv$ 1`-16 S|>_

199`_p fp¡S> _p¢^pep¡ lsp¡.

48 L$gpL$dp„ kp¥\u h^y hjp®_p¡

rhð f¡L$p¡X®$ rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_p gp qfe|r_e_ V$p`y_p _pd¡ lsp¡, S>ep„ A¡râg-19`8dp„

f467 rdguduV$f hfkpv$ _p¢^pep¡ lsp¡. Q¡fp`y„Æ_p _pd¡ Ap¡Nô$ 1860 \u Sy>gpB

1861 (A¡L$ hj®)_u Ahr^dp„ Ly$g f6,470 rdguguV$f hfkpv$ (86 ayV$ 10 HQ)

\hp_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ `Z _p¢^pe¡gp¡ R>¡. Al] \sp¡ ìep`L$ hfkpv$ s¡_u `lpX$u õ\mpL©$rs

hÃQ¡ Nfd dp¡_k|_ v$bph_y„ `qfZpd R>¡.

rlÞv$ dlpkpNfdp„ Aph¡gp¡ gp qfe|r_e_ V$p`y A¡L$ äp„rkrk V$p`y R>¡. S>¡_u hksu

8,40,974 S>¡V$gu R>¡. Al] hpf„hpf Q3⁄4$hpsp¡ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ `lpX$uAp¡ `f hfkpv$ \pe

R>¡. hj® 1966\u 1f L$gpL$ A_¡ f4 L$gpL$_u Ahq^dp„ kp¥\u h^y hjp®_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$

lÆ`Z Ap V$p`y_p _pd¡ R>¡. 7f L$gpL$ A_¡ 96 L$gpL$_p¡ kp¥\u h^y hfkpv$_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$

`Z B.k.f007dp„ Al] _p¢^pep¡ lsp¡.

48 L$gpL$dp

„

kp

¥\u h^y hjp®_p

¡ rhð f¡L$p

¡

X®$ afuhpf Q¡fp`y

„

Æ_p _pd

¡

gp rfe|r_e_ V$p`y

A¡k.ApB.`u.Apf.ApB._u qf`p¡V®-

f013dp„ k¥Þe MQ® rhjeL$ Åfu \B

A¡k.ApB.`u.Apf.ApB. rhj¡ :

hj® f013_u qf`p¡V®$

A¡riepB v$¡ip¡ `f hpey-âv$yjZ¡ âip„s sp¡ap_p¡_¡ dS>b|s b_pìep

`.b„Npmdp„ buÅ rhðeyÂ^_p kde_p¡ bp¢b dmu Apìep

¡

kpdpÆL$ âNrs k|QL$p

„

L$dp

„

cpfs 10fdp

„

õ\p_

¡

kpdpÆL$ âNrs k|QL$p„L$ rhj¡ :

Ap k|QL$p„L$ AdÐe® k¡_, X$Ngk _p¡\® A_¡ Å¡k¡a qõV$NrgV$1S>_p g¡M_ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡ A_¡

s¡ `4 Sy>v$p Sy>v$p kpdprS>L$ A_¡ `ep®hfZ k„L$¡sL$p¡_p¡ A¡L$ kdN° k|QL$p„L$ R>¡, S>¡ kpdprS>L$ âNqs_p

ÓZ Apepdp¡ : Ap^pfc|s dp_hue AphíeL$sp, L$ëepZ_p d|gAp^pf A_¡ Ahkf_¡

ArcN°rls L$f¡ R>¡. Ap k|QL$p„L$ kamsp_p `qfZpdp¡_¡ Å¡B_¡ kpdprS>L$ âNrs_y„ dp`_ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡

_uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gp ÓZ L$pfL$p¡ `f Ap^pqfs Ap^pfc|s dp_hue AphíeL$spAp¡ :

(1) `p¡jZ A_¡ byr_epv$u Apfp¡Áe v$¡Mcpm (f) S>m A_¡ õhÃR>sp

(3) Apîe (4) ìeqL$sNs kyfnp.

(b) L$ëepZ_p d|m Ap^pf :

(1) Ap^pfc|s op_ ky^u `lp¡„Q (f) dprlsu A_¡ k„Qpf ky^u `lp¢Q

(3) krlóZysp A_¡ kdph¡i_ (4) DÞÞs rinZ ky^u `lp¢Q

Ad¡qfL$p qõ\s rb_ gpcL$pfu k„NW$_ kp¡ig âp¡N°¡k Bç`¡f¡qV$h Üpfp 3 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S>

âL$pris \e¡gp kpdprS>L$ âNrs k|QL$p„L$dp„ cpfs 13f v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u 10fdp„ õ\p_¡ füy R>¡. â\d

kpdpÆL$ âNrs k|QL$p„L$_y„ âv$i®_ f013dp„ \ey lsy. S>¡dp„ `0 v$¡ip¡ dpV$¡ kpdprS>L$ âNrs_u

NZ_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

hj® f014_p¡ kpdpqS>L$ âNrs k|QL$p„L$

μ kpdprS>L$ âNrs k|QL$p„L$dp„ Þe|Tug¡ÞX$, ApBkg¡ÞX$, qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$, _¡^fg¡ÞX$ A_¡ _p¡h£ V$p¡Q¡ füp

lsp. S>¡Z¡ k|QL$p„L$_p$ v$f¡L$ rhcpNdp„ kpê$ âv$i®_ L$ey® lsy.

μ kyv$p_ (1f8), rN_u (1f9), byê„$X$u (130), dÂe ApräL$u NZ fpS>e (131), QpX$ (13f)

k|Qudp„ kp¥\u _uQp õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

μ rb°L$k v$¡ip¡ b°pÆg, friep, cpfs, Qu_, v$.ApräL$p_p¡ kpdprS>L$ âNrs k„L$¡sL$p¡ `f_y„ âv$i®_

dÂed füy lsy. Å¡ L$¡, Ap v$¡ip¡_¡ rhL$pk_u ndsp ^fphsp v$¡ip¡hpmu A\® ìehõ\p ê$`¡ Å¡hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

cpfs_p k„õL©rs d„Ópge¡ 25 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Qu_dp„ cpfs dlp¡Ðkh_p¡ gp¡Np¡,

`p¡õV$f A_¡ h¡b`¡S gp¢Q L$ep® lsp. Ap dlp¡Ðkh cpfs-Qu_ d¥Óu`|Z® Apv$p_-âv$p_

hj® Op¡rjs Lfhp_u bpbs¡ Apep¡rS>s L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡ Qu__p 12 S>¡V$gp il¡fp¡dp„

4 kqL®$V$dp„ d¡ 2014 \u 2015 ky^u ep¡Åi¡. f„Nrbf„Nu gp¡Np¡ A¡L$ L$\L$gu _s®L$ A_¡

A¡L$ b¡BÆ„N Ap¡`¡fp dpõL$_¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ fpMu_¡ b_phhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. s¡dS> A¡L$

`p¡õV$fdp„ cpfs-Qu_ dlp¡Ðkh dpV$¡ s\p b¡ `p¡õV$f kqL®$V$ 1 A_¡ 2 dpV$¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„

Apìep lsp. dlp¡Ðkh dpV$¡ h¡b`¡S> `Z b_phhpdp„ Apìep lsp, S>¡dp kde-kpfZu,

AÛs_ ÅZL$pfu A_¡ ap¡V$p¡N°pa s\p huqX$ep¡ tgL$k Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Ap dlp¡Ðkh L$pe®3⁄4$ddp„ ìep`L$ `Z¡ dp¡X$_® ApV®$_y„ âv$i®_, rhTeyAg, raëdp¡Ðkh,

ep¡N-DÐkh, MpÛ DÐkh, L$pfp¡bpf A_¡ `e®V$_ k„h^®_ L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ kp\¡ cpfsue,

Qu_u rhÜp_p¡-g¡ML$p¡\u k„b„r^s L$pe®3⁄4$d kdprhô$ R>¡.

cpfs_p k„õL©rs d„Ópge¡ Qu_dp„

cpfs dlp¡Ðkh_p¡ gp¡Np¡ gp¢Q L$ep£

DÑfâv$¡i_p gp¡Lpey1⁄4s S>[õV$k A¡_.L$¡. d¡lfp¡Óp qX$k¡çbf 2010 \u 13 d¡ ky^u_u

`p¡sp_u Ahr^ v$frdep_ A¡L$ S> fpÄe_p c°ô$pQpf dpdgpAp¡dp„ v$k d„ÓuAp¡_¡ lV$ph_pf

qf`p¡V®$ kfL$pf kdn fS|> L$f_pf v$¡i_p kp¥\u âcphipmu gp¡L$pey1⁄4s sfuL$¡ rgçL$p byL$ Ap ̧a

f¡L$p¡X®$dp„ _p¢^pep R>¡. b.k.`p. ipk_L$pmdp„ îu d¡lfp¡Óp_u qf`p¡V®$_p Ap^pf¡ fpS>¡i qÓ`pW$u,

Ah^`pgtkl epv$h, f„N_p\ rdî, bpv$ipltkl, fs_gpg Arlfhpf A_¡ Q„Öv$¡hfpd fpd

epv$h¡ `p¡sp_u d„Óu`v$_u Myfiu R>p¡X$hu `X$u lsu. Äepf¡ as¡l blpvy$ftkl, kv$g âkpv$ A_¡

fpL$¡i^f qÓ`pW$u S>¡hp d„ÓuAp¡_¡ s`pk v$frdep_ S> dy¿ed„ÓuA¡ d„Óud„X$mdp„\u lV$phu qv$^p

lsp.

dpephsu kfL$pf_p kp¥\u âcphipmu d„ÓuAp¡ `¥L$u_p bpb|tkl Ly$ihplp A_¡ _kudy×u_

rk×uL$u_u s`pk `Z `Z s¡dZ¡ L$fu lsu. Ap d„ÓuAp¡ rhê$Ý^_u cgpdZp¡ dpephsu kfL$pf¡

dp_u _ lsu, S>¡_¡ bpv$dp„ ArMg¡i epv$h_u kfL$pf¡ dp_u_¡ s`pk_p Apv$¡ip¡ Apàep lsp. 16

dpQ® 2006\u gp¡L$pey1L$s_p¡ L$pe®cpm k„cpm_pf S>[õV$k d¡lfp¡Óp_p¡ L$pe®L$pm 15 dpQ®

2012_p fp¡S> `|Z® \ep¡ lsp¡,S>¡_¡ ArMg¡i epv$h_u kfL$pf¡ ApNm h^pep£ R>¡.

DÑfâv$¡i_p gp¡Lpey1⁄4s S>[õV$k A¡_.L$¡.

d¡lfp¡Óp rgçL$p byL$ Ap ̧a f¡L$p¡X®$dp„ kpd¡g \ep

fpô2ue f¡gh¡ k|Q_p âZpgu L$¡ÞÖ Üpfp f¡g k„b„^u `yR>`fR>_p l¡sy dpV$¡_u dp¡bpBg A¡`

23 A¡râg¡ Åfu \B lsu. S>¡_u dv$v$\u f¡g epÓu `p¡sp_p dp¡bpBg ap¡_ A_¡ L$çàe|V$f `f

L$p¡B A¡L$ f¡gNpX$u `ly„Qhp A_¡ fhp_p \hp_p k„crhs kde rhj¡ ÅZL$pfu d¡mhu iL$¡ R>¡.

s¡dS> A¡ âL$pf_u dprlsu `Z d¡mhu iL$¡ R>¡, L$¡ L$p¡B f¡gNpX$u AÐepf¡ L$ep„ õ\m¡ R>¡.

Ap dp¡bpBg A¡àguL$¡i_dp„ õ`p ̧V$ ep¡f V2$¡_ auQf R>¡ s¡_p Üpfp V2$¡__u hs®dp_ [õ\rs,

s¡_p L$p¡B qhi¡j õV$¡i_ `f `ly„Qhp A_¡ fhp_Nu_p¡ k„crhs kde_u ÅZL$pfu d¡mhu

iL$pe R>¡. s¡dS> Ap A¡àguL$¡i_dp„ L$¥këX$ V2$¡Þk _p¡ rhL$ë` `Z R>¡, S>¡ s¡ v$f¡L$ f¡gNpX$uAp¡_u

ÅZL$pfu v$¡i¡ S>¡ fv« \B lp¡e.

fpô2ue f¡gh¡ k|Q_p âZpgu L$¡ÞÖ Üpfp

f¡g k„b„^u `yR>`fR> dpV$¡_u dp¡bpBg

A¡` Åfu \B

B.k.1971dp„ õ\`pe¡gy rhð Apr\®L$ d„Q A¡L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue k„õ\p_ R>¡, S>¡ `qågL$ klep¡N Üpfp rhð_u

qõ\rs ky^pfhp dpV$¡ ârsbÂ^ R>¡. s¡ h¥[ðL$ ârsõ`^p®, Ágp¡bg qfõL$ qf`p¡V®$ A_¡ Ágp¡bg S>¢X$f N¥` qf`p¡V®$ S>¡hu

qf`p¡V®$ âL$pris L$f¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe `ep®hfZ, rinZ, ìeqL$sNs DÛp¡N A_¡ V$¡L1$_p¡gp ̧Æ k„b„^\u g¡ÞX$dpL®$ `Z

âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

rhð Apr\®L$ d„Q Üpfp Ágp¡bg Hafd¡i_ V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ qf`p¡V®$-f014_y 13dy„ k„õL$fZ 14 A¡râg¡ fSy> \ey lsy.

dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ rhL$pk A_¡ DÑdsp_p k„v$c£ 148 v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u cpfs_¡ 83dy„ õ\p_ âpá \ey

lsy. qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b kp¥\u h^y _¡V$hL®$ ^fphsu A\® ìehõ\pAp¡ A_¡ bpL$u_u vy$r_ep hÃQ¡ MpB

Ap¡R>u L$fhp M|b S> kpê$ L$pe® \ey R>¡. L$¡V$guL$ dp¡V$u Dcfsu A\® ìehõ\pAp¡ Üpfp `p¡sp_u `|Z® qX$qTV$g

ndsp_p¡ Al¡kpk L$fhp dpV$¡ kss k„Oj® iê$ fp¿ep¡ lsp¡, s¡_¡ k|Qudp„ _uQ¡ S>Áep dmu lsu.

k|rQdp„ V$p¡Q_u õ\p_¡ (1) qa_g¡ÞX$ (f) tkNp`yf (3) õhuX$_ (4) _¡^fg¡ÞX$ (`) _p¡h£ (6) qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$

(7) Ad¡rfL$p (8) lp¢NL$p¢N (9) ey.L$¡. (10) rf`qågL$ Ap ̧a L$p¡qfep füp lsp. S>epf¡ Qu_-6f, b°pÆg 69,

d¡rL$kL$p¡-79dp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

rhð Apr\®L$ d„Q Üpfp h¥[ðL$ dprlsu sL$_uL$u rf`p¡V$®-f014

rhð Apr\®L$ d„Q

hj® f014_u qf`p¡V®$ :

rhrh^ qhcpN_u h^y d¡V$f `p_p _„.13 D`f

Page 17 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 17

A¡kp¡Q¡d_u õ\p`_p B.k.19f0dp„ \B lsu. s¡ cpfs_u hprZS>e k„Op¡_u ârsr_r^ k„õ\p R>¡. hs®dp_ kde¡ cpfs_u A¡L$

gpM L$fsp h^y L„$`_uAp¡ s¡_u kv$õe R>¡. cpfs_p ìep`pf A_¡ hprZS>e qlsp¡ dpV$¡ L$pe®fs A¡kp¡Q¡d_p hs®dp_ AÂen îu

fpZpL$`|f R>¡.

A¡kp¡Q¡d Üpfp 3 A¡râg¡ Åfu \e¡gu qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b dlpfpô2$ 14 gpM 73 lÅf 466 L$fp¡X$_p fp¡L$pZ kp\¡ â\d s\p 13 gpM,

98 lÅf, 347 lÅf L$fp¡X$_p fp¡L$pZ âõsph kp\¡ NyS>fps _„bf b¡ `f füy lsy.

A¡kp¡Q¡d qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf dlpfô2$¡ _p_p A_¡ dÂed il¡fp¡_¡ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ L$¡ÞÖ sfuL$¡ rhL$rks L$fhp `f Âep_ L$¡qÞÖs L$ey® R>¡, S>¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ Ágp¡bg A_¡ Of¡g| k¡hpn¡Ó dpV$¡ s¡ `k„v$Nu_y„ õ\m b_u füy R>¡. k¡hp A_¡ Bg¡L$qV2$qkV$u DÛp¡N_y„ L$¡ÞÖ b_u fl¡gp

dlpfpô2$dp„ Ap n¡Ó¡ 67,000 L$fp¡X$_y„ fp¡L$pZ \ey lsy. (hj® f013-14)

A¡qL$kk b¢L$ Üpfp â\dhpf dL$p_ Mfuv$hp A_¡ Ap¡R>u AphL$ ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ 30 hj®_u Ahr^ ^fphsu Apip lp¡d

gp¡_ k¡hp_u iê$Aps f A¡râg_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡dp„ ìepS>v$f 10.7`% S>¡V$gu li¡.hs®dp_ kde¡

S>epf¡ dp¡V$pcpN_p _pZp„ k„õ\p_p¡ dprkL$ f`,000\u h^y AphL$ ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ S> gp¡_ Ap`¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡

A¡qL$kk b¢L$ Üpfp 10 gpM\u Ap¡R>u hksu ^fphsp il¡fdp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u 1 gpM h^ydp„ h^y 1` gpM s\p

10 gpM\u h^y hõsu ^fphsp il¡fp¡dp„ f` gpM_u kudp ky^u gp¡_ âv$p_ \i¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, b¢L$ Ap

ep¡S>_p A„sN®s A¡L$ hj®dp„ 1000 L$fp¡X$_u gp¡_ Ap`i¡.

cpfs v$¡i_u A¡L$ qhr_epdL$ k„õ\p cpfsue ârs õ`^p® Apep¡N_p¡

l¡sy õhÃR> ârsõ`^p®_¡ h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡. S>¡\u bÅf h`fpiL$sp®Ap¡_y„ rls

kp^u iL$pe.

cpfsue ârs õ`^p® Apep¡N¡ k„ep¡S>_ r_ed_\u k„b„r^s õ`^p®

Ar^r_ed f00f_u Å¡NhpBAp¡dp„ k„ip¡^_ L$ey® R>¡. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy _p¡qV$k

v$pMg L$fhp_u âq3⁄4$ep Apkp_ b_phhu, r_qò„ssp âv$p_ L$fhu, õ`^p®

rQ„sp _ h^pf_pf L$pfp¡bpf\u k„b„r^s AphíLspAp¡ `yfu L$fhpdp„ _fdu

rhN¡f¡ R>¡.

« cpfsdp„ bÅfp¡ `f âcph_p k„b„^¡ Ar_ròssp V$pmhp_p l¡sy\u

A_yk|rQ-1 rhje (10) kdpá L$fhpdp„ Aph¡.

« ap¡d®-1 dpV$¡ ApB.A¡_.Apf. 10,00,000 \u 1`,00,000

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s\p ap¡d®-f dpV$¡ 40,00,000 \u `0,00,000

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

« kyQ_p v$pMg L$fhp_u AphíeL$spAp¡ `f Ar^L$ r_ròssp âv$p_

L$fhu.

« r_ed f9 kdpá L$fhp¡.

A¡riepB rhL$pk b¢L$ Üpfp A¡rie_ X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$

ApDV$gyL$ f014 qf`p¡V®$ 1 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Åfu \B lsu. S>¡

A_ykpf rhL$pkiug A¡riep_u rhL$pk v$f hj® f013dp„

6.1%, hj® f014dp„ 6.f% A_¡ hj® f01`dp„ 6.4%

fl¡hp_y„ A_ydp_ ìeL$s L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

Ap qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf cpfsdp„ Apr\®L$ h©qÂ^dp„ lh¡

ky^pfp¡ \hp gpÁep¡ R>¡. A_¡ DÛp¡N k¡hpn¡Ódp„ bl¡sf

âv$i®__¡ Å¡sp cpfs_u kL$g Of¡gy DÐ`pv$_ f014-

1`dp„ h^u_¡ `.`% \hp_u Apip R>¡.

A¡riepB qhL$pk b¢L$

Üpfp A¡rie_

X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ ApDV$gyL$

f014 qf`p¡V®$ Åfu \B

A¡qL$kk b¢L$ Üpfp Apip lp¡d gp¡__u k¡hp iê$ \B

v$¡idp„ kp¥\u h^y fp¡L$pZ dlpfpô2$dp„-A¡kp¡Q¡d qf`p¡V®$

cpfsue hprZS>e A_¡ DÛp¡N d„X$m (A¡kp¡Q¡d)

dlpfpô2$dp„ kp¥\u h^y fp¡L$pZ

hpZuS>e d„Ópge Üpfp _pZp hj® f013-14 dpV$¡ 3f`

AbS> X$p ̧gf_y„ rhL$pk gÿe fpMhpdp„ Apìey lsy S>¡ v$¡i_u Ly$g

hõsyAp¡ kp\¡_u r_L$pk kp\¡ 31f.3 AbS> X$p ̧gf S>¡V$gy füy lsy.

S>¡ hj® f01f-13 _u syg_pA¡ 3.98% h^y R>¡.

_pZphj® f013-14 v$fqdep_ A¡qÞS>r_ef]N n¡Ódp„

8.49% s\p apdp®n¡Ódp„ 1.f0% h©qÂ^ _p¢^Zu lsu. S>epf¡

`¡V2$p¡rged DÐ`pv$_p¡dp„ 0.01% s\p Bg¡L$qV2$L$ hõsyAp¡dp„

5.87% OV$pX$p¡ _p¡„^pep¡ lsp¡.

cpfsue õV$¡V$ b¢L$ Üpfp drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ a¡i_ byV$uL$ iê$

L$fhp dpV$¡ gp¡_ D`gå^ L$fphhp_p l¡sy\u 1` A¡râg\u

"byV$uL$ rhÑ`p¡jZ' ep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

S>¡dp„ kps hj®_u Ahq^ dpV$¡ h^ydp„ h^y `0 gpM ê$r`ep

hpS>bu ìepS> v$f¡ gp ̧_ âpá \i¡.

cpfsue õV$¡V$ b¢L$ Üpfp

drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ "byV$uL$

rhÑ`p¡jZ' ep¡S>_p iê$ \B

N|Ng¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ BÞV$f_¡V$ k¡hp

âv$p_ L$fhp V$pBV$_ A¡fp¡õ`¡k_y„

Ar^N°lZ L$ey ̄

Ap¡_gpB_ L„$`_u N|Ng¡ kp¡gf k„Qprgs X2$p¡__y„ q_dp®Z

L$f_pf L„$`_u A¡fp¡õ`¡k_y„ 14 A¡râg¡ Ar^N°lZ L$ey® R>¡. S>¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ vy$r_ep_p kyv|$f A„sfuepm rhõspfp¡dp„ BÞV$f_¡V$ k¡hp

D`gå^ L$fphu iL$pi¡. V$pBV$__p X2$p¡__u klpesp\u N|Ng

d¡`_¡ `Z dv$v$ dmi¡.

k„ep¡S>_ r_ed_ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp

õ`^p® L$p_|_ f00f_u

Å¡NhpBAp¡dp„ k„ip¡^_

k„ip¡^__u rhi¡jsp :-

rhð ìep`pf k„NW$_ Üpfp 14 A¡râg¡ S>Zphpe¡g A¡L$ A_ydp_

A_ykpf hj® f014dp„ rhð ìep`pf h©qÂ^ v$f 4.7 % fl¡hp_y„ A_ydp_

gNphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. s¡dS> hj® f01` ky^udp„ s¡ `.3 % ky^u `lp¢Q¡

s¡hu iL$espAp¡ R>¡. hj® f014_u rhL$pkv$f `pR>gp hj® f.f % \u h^y\u

`Z Ap¡R>u R>¡. hj® f013dp„ rhL$pk v$f Ap¡R>p¡ \hp_y„ L$pfZ rhL$rks A\®

ìehõ\pAp¡dp„ Apeps_u k`pV$ dp„N A_¡ rhL$pkiug A\® ìehõ\pdp„

kpdpÞe h©qÂ^_p L$pfZ¡ lsu.

hj®f014 v$frdep_ rhð ìep`pfdp

„

4.7% h^pfp_u k

„

cph_p

_pZp hj® f013-14 v$fqdep_

v$¡idp„ hõsyAp¡_u Ly$g r_L$pk

31f.3 AbS> X$p ̧gf

A¡râg dpk_p A„rsd kápldp„ rhð b¢L$ Üpfp Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu A¡L$ qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b cpfsue A\® ìehõ\p Å`p__¡ `pR>m

fpMu_¡ Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ Qu_ bpv$ vy$r_ep_u ÓuÆ kp¥\u dp¡V$u A\® ìehõ\p b_u NB R>¡. rhð b¢L$ Üpfp k„b„r^s v$¡ip¡_u hj® f00` \u

f011 hÃQ¡ s¡_p fl¡hpkuAp¡_u Mfuv$u ndsp_p¡ syg_pÐdL$ AÂee_ L$fu_¡ Ap qf`p¡V®$ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡

hj® f00`dp„ cpfs 10dp„ õ\p_¡ A_¡ hj® f011dp„ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ Aphu Ney lsy. hj® f004-0` \u f010-11 hÃQ¡ cpfsue A\®

ìehõ\p_u rhL$pk v$f kf¡fpi 8 % h^y flu lsu.

μ rhð b¢L$_u Ap qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf Mfuv$ ndsp_u ×[ô$A¡ vy$r_ep_u Ly$g Æ.X$u.`u.dp„ cpfs_u rlõk¡v$pfu 6.4$ % R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p_u

17.1 %, Qu__u 14.9 % A_¡ Å`p__u 4.8 % R>¡.

μ qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf ârs ìeqL$s AphL$_p dpdg¡ cpfs_y„ õ\p_ rhðdp„ 1f7dy R>¡. s¡dS> qf`p¡V®$dp„ qõhL$pf L$fpep dyS>b lpg_p hjp£dp„

dp¡„Ohpfu v$f h^y lp¡hp R>sp cpfs vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u kõsp 10 v$¡ip¡dp„ kpd¡g R>¡.

rhð b

¢L$ Üpfp cpfs vy$r_ep_u ÓuÆ kp

¥\u dp

¡V$u A\® ìehõ\p Ål

¡f \B

rhð b¢L$

rhð b¢L$ k„eyL$s fpô2$_u A¡L$ _pZp A_¡ _pZp„L$ue kgpl âv$psp rhriô$ k„õ\p R>¡. S>¡_u

õ\p`_p B.k.1944dp„ \B lsu. s¡_p¡ l¡sy kv$õe fpô2$p¡_y„ `y_:r_dp®Z A_¡ rhL$pk_p L$pep£dp„

Apr\®L$ klpe Ap`hp_y R>¡. rhð b¢L$_y„ dy¿e d\L$ Ad¡qfL$p_p hp¡tiNV$_ Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

dpQ®-f014dp

„

ÄÕ\pb

„

^ d|ëep

¡

`f

Ap^pqfs dyÖpqõasu v$f h^u_

¡

`.7% \B

S>Õ\pb„^ cphk|QL$ Ap„L$ `f Ap^pqfs

dyÖpqõasu v$f dpQ® f014 dp„ h^u_¡ `.7% \B Nep¡

R>¡. S>¡ `pR>gp ÓZ dpk v$frdep_ kp¥\u h^y R>¡.

s¡dS> MpÛ `v$p\p¡®_u dyÖpqõars v$f dpQ® f014dp„

9.9% flu S>¡ a¡b°yApfu-f014dp„ 8.12 % lsu.

H^Z A_¡ DÅ® hN®dp„ dpQ®-f014dp„ 11.ff %

lsu. S>¡ a¡b°yApfu-f014dp„ 8.75 % lsu.

Page 18 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 18

g¡ML$: `°¡d Qp¥lpZ, S>e Qp¥lpZ

rhð_p kp¥\u _p_p `¡f¡i|V$_u dv$v$\u õL$pB-X$pBthN L$fu_¡ 7 A¡râg_p fp¡S> k„eyL$s

Apfb Ardfps_p A_£õV$p¡ N¡ÞÅ Üpfp _hp¡ rNq_T byL$ Ap ̧a hëX®$ f¡L$p¡X®$T b_phhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡.

¥ A_£õV$p¡ N¡ÞÅA¡ Qpv$f_p ApL$pf_u R>sfu ^fphsp `¡fpi|V$_u dv$v$\u 14,000

ayV$_u JQpBA¡\u R>gp„N gNphu lsu, Ap R>gp„N gNphhp s¡Ap¡ `pR>gp A¡L$ hj®\u

ârinZ gB füp lsp. `¡fpi|V$_p¡ ApL$pf dpÓ 3` hN® ayV$ S>¡V$gp¡ lsp¡.

¥ k„eyL$s Apfb Ardfps_p õL$pBX$pBh vy$bB `¡f¡i|V$ V$ud_p kv$õe N¡ÞÅ AÐepf

ky^udp„ kps lÅf\u h^y R>gp„Np¡ gNphu QyL$ep R>¡.

¥ `pR>gp¡ f¡L$p¡X®$T b°pÆg_p L$¥_u Üpfp hj® f006dp„ _p¢^pep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ 3.4 hN®

duV$f_p `¡f¡i|V$ kp\¡ R>gp„N gNphu lsu.

`¡f¡i|V$ rhi¡j :

ÅZL$pf õL$pBX2$pBhk® 80 \u f00 hN®ayV$_p¡ ApL$pf ^fphsp `¡f¡i|V$_p¡ D`ep¡N

L$fsp lp¡e R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ `pR>gp 10 hj®dp„ s¡_y„ kf¡fpi dp` 70 A_¡ 90 hN® ayV$ füy R>¡.

`¡f¡i|V$_p¡ ApL$pf S>¡d dp¡V$p¡ lp¡e s¡d lhp_u ârsfp¡^ âq3⁄4$ep h^y fl¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

gNphpsu R>gp„N h^y kyfrns fl¡ R>¡.

k¥

ev$ dyõspL$ Agu V$u-f0 V2$p

¡audp

„

hX$p

¡v$fp rhS>¡

sp \ey

10\u 13 A¡râg v$frdep_ L$pW$d„Xy$ Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡g Ap õ`^p®dp„ cpfs¡ Lyg 10 kyhZ®, A¡L$

fS>s A_¡ A¡L$ L$p„õe `v$L$ lp„kg L$ep® lsp. Q¡qç`e_qi`dp„ cpfs krls _¡`pm, `pqL$õsp_,

AaOpr_õsp_, îug„L$p, bp„Ágpv$¡i_u V$udp¡A¡ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, `pR>gp hj£

R>Ì$u ârsep¡rNsp `pqL$õsp_dp„ ep¡ÅB lsu. S>¡dp„ `Z cpfs 10 kyhZ® Q„ÖL$ A_¡ 1 fS>s `v$L$

âpá L$fu QyL$ey R>¡.

13 A¡râg_p fp¡S> g„X$_ d¡f¡\p¡_dp„ L$¡Þep_p v$p¡X$huf rhëk_ qL$`kp„N (f

L$gpL$ 47 rdr_V$ f7 k¡L$ÞX$) `yê$j rhcpNdp„ â\d s\p buÅ õ\p_¡ L$¡Þep_p S>

õV$¡_g¡ rbhpf A_¡ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ `pR>gu g„X$_ d¡f¡\p¡__p rhS>¡sp B\p¡r`ep_p

k¡N¡ L$¡b¡X$¡ füp lsp.

drlgp hN®dp„ b¡ hpf_p hs®dp_ rhïh Q¡qç`e_ A¡v$_p qL$`gpNs â\d

õ\p_¡ füp lsp. s¡dZ¡ s¡d_p S> v$¡i_p agp¡f¢k qL$`gpNs_¡ `pR>m fpMu qv$^p

lsp. A¡v$_pA¡ `p¡sp_y„ A„sf f L$gpL$ f0 rdr_V$ A_¡ f1 k¡L$ÞX$dp„ `|Z® L$ey® lsy„.

`yê$j hN® :-

(1) _hÅ¡s Qp_p (60 qL$.N°p.), (f) Bfp¡d k„S|>tkl (66 qL$.N°p.), (3) _hv$u` Qp_p (73

qL$.N°p), (4) rhL$¡ÞÖtkl (81 qL$.N°p.), (`) Ahspftkl (90 qL$.N°p.)A¡ kyhZ®`v$L$ s\p Mv$d

epBdptkl (100 qL$.N°p.)A¡ fS>s `v$L$ âpá L$ep£ lsp¡.

drlgp hN® :

(1) A„Np¡d A„qL$sp Qp_| (`f qL$.N°p.), (f) kyrQL$p sqfepg (`7 qL$.N°p.), (3) Nqfdp Qp¥^fu

(63 qL$.N°p.), (4) lyÖp¡d ky_ubpgp v$¡hu (70 qL$.N°p.), (`) Qp¥^fu rS>_p v$¡hu (78 qL$.N°p.) A¡

kyhZ® `v$L$ s\p fS>_ubpmp (48 qL$.N°p.)A¡ L$p„õe `v$L$ âpá L$ep£ lsp¡.

cpfsue `v$L$ rhS>¡spAp

¡

rb°V$_ Mps¡ R>`psu A_¡ âL$piL$ A¡ A¡ÞX$ ku åg¡L$ (qL$ åg|çkbfu_u dprgL$u_y„ A¡L$d) Üpfp âL$pris

\su "q3⁄4$L$¡V$_y„ bpBbg' L$l¡hpsu hprj®L$ `qÓL$p "rhTX$_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$k® Agdp_¡L$'_p hj® f014_p k„õL$fZ

(Ly$g 1`1d„y hprj®L$ k„õL$fZ)dp„ rhð q3⁄4$L$¡V$_p `p„Q kh®î¡›$ M¡gpX$uAp¡_u k|Qu 10 A¡râg¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu.

(1) riMf ^h_ (cpfs)

(f) q3⁄4$k fp¡S>k® (Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep)

(3) f¥ep_ l¥qf$k (Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep)

(4) Å¡ ê$V$ (HÁg¡ÞX$)

(`) Qpgp£V$ A¡X$hX®1k (HÁg¡ÞX$ drlgp q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$àsp_)

`qÓL$p_p 1`1dp„ k„õL$fZdp„ cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$f A_¡ khp£ÃQ

_pNqfL$ kÞdp_ "cpfs fÐ_' \u kçdpr_s \_pf â\d M¡gpX$u

s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ AphfZ `©óW$ `f õ\p_ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. Ap kp\¡

`qÓL$p_p AphfZ `©›$ `f õ\p_ `pd_pf s¡Ap¡ â\d$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$f

b_u Nep R>¡.

"q3⁄4$L$¡V$_y„ bpBbg' sfuL$¡ ÅZusp "rhTX$_

q3⁄4$L$¡V$k® Agdp_¡L$' Üpfp f014_p k„õL$fZdp„

rhð_p `p„Q kh®î¡›$ M¡gpX$uAp¡_u k|Qu Ål¡f

\B dy¿e `p_p `f kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ õ\p_

1`1dp„ k„õL$fZdp„ `p„Q kh®î¡›$ M¡gpX$u

krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ dy¿e `©›$ `f õ\p_

A_¡®õV$p¡ N¡ÞÅ Üpfp kp¥\u _p_p

`¡fpi|V$_u dv$v$\u õL$pB- X$pBthN_p¡ _hp¡ f¡L$p¡X®$

g„X$_

d¡

f¡\p¡_ :

_p¢^

"qhTX$_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$k® Agdp_¡L$'_y„ cpfsue k„õL$fZ hj® f01fdp„ gp¢Q \ey lsy.

S>¡_p AphfZ `©›$ `f krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f õ\p_ `pdu QyL$ep R>¡.

B.k.19f4dp„ `¡qfk Mps¡ õ\`pe¡gp rhð isf„S> dlpk„O

(a¡X$f¡i_ BÞV$f_¡i_g X$¡k BQ¡T-raX$¡)_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue

Ap¡g„qç`L$ k„O Üpfp B.k.1999dp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue M¡g

dlpk„O sfuL$¡ dpÞesp âv$p_ \B lsu. S>¡_p 170 S>¡V$gp

kv$õe R>¡.

rhð isf„S> dlpk„O Üpfp auX$¡ rhð isf„S> f¡qL„$N_u k|Qu

1 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap k|Qudp„ _p¡h£_p

d¥‚k L$pg®k_ A¡gp¡ `p¡BÞV$k kp\¡ â\d s\p Ad¡qfL$p_p L$¡

g¡hp ̧_ Afp¡rhe_ f81f A¡gp¡ `p¡BÞV$k kp\¡ buÅ s\p

cpfs_p rhð_p\ Ap_„v$ f78` A¡gp¡ `p¡BÞV$ kp\¡ ÓuÅ

õ\p_¡ füp lsp. s¡dS> cpfs_p lqfL©$óZp f`dp„, L$$¡.iiuL$fZ

66dp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

drlgp hN®_u k|Qudp„ l„N¡fu_p Sy>qv$s `p¡ëNf â\d,

Qu__p lp¡D reap_ buÅ s\p ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ L$¡.lç`u füp lsp.

rhð isf„S>

f¢qL„$N-rhð_p\

Ap_„v$ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡

drlgp hN® :-

bp„Ágpv$¡i_p Y$pL$p il¡fdp„ Aph¡gp i¡f¡ bp„Ágp õV$¡qX$ed duf`yf

Mps¡ 6 A¡râg¡ ep¡Åe¡gu ApB.ku.ku. V$u-f0 rhð

Q¡rç`e_ri`_u apB_g d¡Qdp„ îug„L$p_u V$ud¡ cpfs_u V$ud_¡

`fpÆs L$fu lsu.

îug„L$pA¡ V$p¡k Æsu cpfs_¡ b¡V$]N L$fhp Apd„qÓs L$fsp cpfs¡

Qpf rhL$¡V$_p cp¡N¡ 130 f_ b_pìep lsp. S>¡_p S>hpbê$`¡ îug„L$_

V$ud¡ 17.` Ap¡hfdp„ 4 rhL$¡V$ Nydphu_¡ 134 f_ b_phu Æs âpá

L$fu lsu. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f009 A_¡ f01fdp„ Ap V2$p¡audp„ s¡

apB_g ky^u `lp¡„Ãey lsy.

Ü apB_g d¡Qdp„ "d¡_ Ap ̧a ^ d¡Q' îug„L$p V$ud_p L$¡àV$_ Ly$dpf

k„NL$pfp s\p "àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ V|_p®d¡ÞV$ 'sfuL$¡ rhfpV$ L$p¡lgu

`k„v$ \ep lsp.

Ü dl¡gp S>eh^®_¡ V$u-f0 rhðL$`dp„ 1000 f_ `|Z® L$f_pf

â\d b¡V$kd¡_ bÞep. s¡dZ¡ s\p Ly$dpf k„NpL$pfpA¡ V$u-f0

q3⁄4$L$¡V$dp„\u r_h©rÑ Ål¡f L$fu.

Ü îug„L$_ V$ud `pR>gp kps hjp¡®dp„ ApB.ku.ku. V|$_p®d¡ÞVdp„$

`p„Q hpf apB_gdp„ `lp¢Qu lsu S>¡dp„ â\dhpf rhS>¡sp \B.

îu g„L$_ V$ud¡ B.k.1996dp„ ApB.ku.ku. `0 rhðL$`_u

kamsp bpv$ â\dhpf ApB.ku.ku._p L$p¡B A¡guV$

Apep¡S>__p¡ rMspb ÆÐep¡ lsp¡.

cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ L„$V2$p¡g bp¡X®$ Üpfp B.k.f008-09dp„ Ap V2$p¡au_u iê$Aps L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. Ap V2$p¡au_y„ _pd ârkÂ^ cpfsue q3⁄4$L$¡V$ M¡gpX$u k¥ev$ dyõspL Agu_p _pd

`f\u fpMhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. V$u-f0 V2$p¡audp„ AÐepf¡ Ly$g f7 V$udp¡ kpd¡g R>¡.

k¥ev$ dyõspL$Agu V$u-f0 V2$p¡au_u dy„bB Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡gu apB_gdp„ hX$p¡v$fp_u V$ud¡

14 A¡râg¡ DÑfâv$¡i_u V$ud_¡ 3 f_¡ `fpS>e Apàep¡ lsp¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

hX$p¡v$fp_u V$ud hj® f01fdp„ `Z Ap V2$p¡au rhS>¡sp b_u QyL$u R>¡. S>epf¡ `pR>gp hj®

f013dp„ Ap V2$p¡au NyS>fps_u V$ud¡ âpá L$fu lsu. hX$p¡v$fp_u V$ud_p L$áp_ Apqv$Ðe

hpOdp¡f¡ A_¡ DÑfâv$¡i_u V$ud_p L$áp_ ApL$piv$u` _p\ lsp.

7du v$rnZ A¡riepB S|>X$p

¡ Q¡qç`e_ri`dp

„

cpfs_

¡ 10 kyhZ®`v$L$

hX$p¡v$fp_u Æs ::

k¥ev$ dyõspL$ Agu V$u-f0 V2$p¡au rhj¡ :

Page 19 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 19

DÑf L$p¡qfep_p hprj®L$ d¡f¡\p¡_ k„d¡g_ àep¢Nep„N d¡f¡\p¡_ k„d¡g_dp„ â\dhpf

vy$r_ep_p v$p¡X$huf `e®V$L$p¡_¡ cpN g¡hp_u A_ydrs Ap`hpdp Aphu R>¡. Ap

d¡f¡\p¡__¡ dp„Áep¡ÞNv$¡B `yfõL$pf Ap„sffpô2$ue d¡f¡\p¡_ _pd¡ `Z Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡

R>¡. 13 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> \e¡gy Apep¡S>_ f7dy„ lsy„. A¡\g¡qV$L$k dlpk„Op¡_p

Ap„sffpô2$ue k„O Üpfp Ap d¡f¡\p¡__¡ L$p„õe g¡bg fp¡X$ f¡k ê$`¡ hN}L©$s L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡.

f¡k_u iê$Aps qL$d Bg k„yN õV$¡qX$ed Mps¡\u \i¡ A_¡ s¡ Qu_u k¥r_L$ õdpfL,

qL$d Bg ky„N e|r_hrk®V$u, Ap¥fs¡v$p¢N _v$u `pk¡\u `kpf \i¡. ârsep¡rNspdp„ Ly$g

ÓZ hN®dp„ (1) `|Z® d¡f¡\p¡_, (f) A^® d¡f¡\p¡_ (3) 10 qL$gp¡duV$f v$p¡X$

kdprhô$ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, `yê$jp¡ dpV$¡_u â\d d¡f¡\p¡__y„ Apep¡S>_ B.k.1981dp„ s\p

drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡_u â\d d¡f¡\p¡_ B.k.1984dp„ ep¡ÅB lsu.

DÑf L$p¡qfepA¡ â\dhpf `e®V$L$

v$p¡X$hufp¡ dpV$¡ àep¢Nep„N d¡f¡\p¡_dp„

cpN g¡hp_u A_ydsu Ap`u

Å`p__p bp¡L$kf BhpAp¡ lpL$pdpv$p_¡ rhð bp¡qLkN L$pDqÞkg (X$åëey.bu.ku.)A¡ 6 A¡râg_p fp¡S>

ârs[›$s Q¡qç`e_ri` b¡ëV$\u kçdpr_s L$ep® lsp. s¡d_p sfa\u s¡d_p dp¡V$p bl¡_ luv$¥Lp¡A¡

X$åëey.bu.ku._p AÂen dp ̧qfkuep¡ kyg¡dp_ `pk¡\u kçdp_ âpá L$ey® lsy.

B$hpAp¡ lpL$pdpv$p `f `p¡sp_u `qÐ_ A_¡ bpmL$p¡ kp\¡ dmu_¡ `p¡sp_p bp¡k_¡ g|„V$u gu^p bpv$ R>fu

dpfu_¡ lÐep L$fhp_p¡ Apfp¡` gpN¡gp¡ lsp¡. iê$Apsdp„ `p¡sp_p¡ T|d® L$byg L$ep® bpv$ s¡dZ¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡

Ap Ny_p¡ L$byg L$fhp s¡_¡ dS>b|f L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g. B.k.1966dp„ s¡Ap¡ `¡i¡hf bp¡qL$k„Ndp„ `fs afhp_u

s¥epfu L$fu füp lsp. Ðepf¡ s¡d_p `f Ap âL$pf_p Apfp¡` gpÁep lsp.hs®dp_ kde¡ s¡Ap¡ f7 dpQ®

f014_p fp¡S> 48 hj® ky^u S>¡gdp„ füp bpv$ dyL$s \B_¡ lp¡qõ`V$gdp„ kpfhpf gB füp R>¡.

BhpAp

¡

lpL$pdpv$p bp

¡qL$k

„

N b

¡

ëV$\u kçdpr_s

`©›$c|rd ::

hj® f00`dp„ dp¡_pL$p¡ rhð A¡Õg¡qV$L$k_u apB_gdp„ (gp¢N S„>`)dp„ friep_p

spÐep_p L$p¡sphp V$p¡Q_p õ\p_¡ flu_¡ kyhZ® Q„ÖL$ rhS>¡sp \ep lsp A_¡ cpfs_p

gp¢N S„>`f A„S|> bp ̧bu Å¡S®> buÅ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

spÐep_p L$p¡sp¡hp `f X$p¡t`Ndp„ `L$X$pB S>hp `f Ap„sffpô2$ue A¡\g¡qV$L$k

dlpk„O (ApB.A¡.A¡.A¡a.) Üpfp hj® f01` ky^u âqsb„^ gNphpep¡ R>¡. A_¡ hj®

f00`_u apB_gdp„ buÅ _„bf¡ fl¡gp A„S|> bp ̧bu_¡ kyhZ®`v$L$ rhS>¡sp sfuL$¡ 1

A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ L$p¡B dp¡V$u rhð

ârsep¡rNspdp„ kyhZ® `v$L$ Æs_pf â\d cpfsue A¡\rgV$ b_u Nep R>¡.

Ap¡qX$kp fpS>e_p L$V$L$ Mps¡ f7 \u 3f dpQ® ky^u Apep¡rS>s \e¡gu f`du S|>r_ef _¡i_g b¡kbp¡g

Q¡qç`e_ri`dp„ rMspbu dyL$pbgpdp„ Q„v$uNY$_u A„X$f-17 bp¡eT V$ud¡ qv$ëlu_u S|>r_ef b¡kbp ̧g V$ud_¡ f-1

\u `fpS>e Apàep¡ lsp¡. Q„v$uNY$¡ 15 hj® bpv$ Ap ârsep¡rNsp Æsu lsu.

A„S|> bp ̧bu Å¡S®> kyhZ® `v$L$ rhS>¡sp Op¡rjs \ep

bp„Ágpv$¡i_p duf`yf Mps¡ 6 A¡râg¡ ep¡Åe¡gu V$u-f0 drlgp rhðL$` f014_u

apB_g d¡Qdp„ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgepA¡ HÁg¡ÞX$_¡ 6 rhL$¡V$¡ `fpÆs L$ey® lsy. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ap

ârsep¡rNsp 16 dpQ®\u 6 A¡râg v$fçep_ bp„Ágpv$¡idp„ Apep¡Æs \B lsu. drlgp

V$u-f0 rhðL$` ÓuÆhpf Apep¡qS>s \ep¡ lsp¡.

- Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep V$ud_p Làsp_-d¡N gpqÞ_„N

- HÁg¡ÞX$ V$ud_p L$áp_ : Qpfgp¡V$ A¡X$hX®$

- àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ d¡Q : iS> L$p¡eV$¡ (Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep)

T-20 dqlgp rhïhL$`dp

„

Ap

̧õV2$¡rgep rhS>¡

sp \ey

„

spS>¡sfdp„ bp„Ágpv$¡idp„ ep¡Åe¡g ApB.ku.ku. V$u-f0 Q¡qç`e_ri` f014dp„

`pqL$õsp_u V$ud_p _bmp âv$i®__u S>hpbv$pfu qõhL$pfu_¡ L$áp_ dp¡lçdv$ lpauS>¡ `p¡sp_y

fpÆ_pdy f A¡râg¡ `u.ku.bu. _p AÂen _Td i¡W$_¡ kp¢`u qv$^y lsy.

A¡.V$u.`u. hëX$® V|$f Üpfp rhð V$¡r_k tkNg k|Qudp„ cpfs_p V$¡r_k

M¡gpX$u kp¡dv$¡h bd®_ 88dp„ õ\p_¡ Apìep lsp.S>epf¡ eyNg k|Qudp„

rgA¡ÞX$f ` ̧k 10dp„, fp¡l_ bp¡`Þ_p 14dp„, X$åëey.V$u.A¡. eyNg f„¡qL„$Ndp„

kpr_ep rdTp® ApW$dp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

(1) fpa¡g _v$pg, (f) _p¡hpL$ Å¡L$p¡rhQ, (3) õV$pr_õgpk hphqf„L$p, (4)

fp¡S>f a¡X$ff, (`) V$p ̧dk b¡qL$®Q, (6) X$¡rhX$ a¡ff, (7) v$¡g `p¥Óp¡, Sy>Ap_

dpqV$®_ (8) A¡ÞX$u dyf¡, (9) Å ̧_ Bõ_¡f, (10) rdAp¡g fpAp¡r_L$

rhð V$¡r_k tkNg f¢qL„$N k|qQdp„

kp¡dv$¡h bd®_ 88dp„ õ\p_¡

rhð V$¡r_k tkNg k|Qu

f`du S|>r_ef _

¡i_g b

¡kbp

¡

g Q¡qç`e_ri`dp

„

Q

„

v$uNY$ rhS>¡

sp

`pqL$õsp_u V$u-f0 q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$àsp_ dp¡lçdv$ lpauS>_y„ fpÆ_pdy

Þe|Tug¡ÞX$_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$uddp„ dy¿eê$`¡ rhL$¡V$ qL$`f fl¡gp

N¥f¡\ lp¡`qL„k¡ 17 hj®_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$ L$pfqL®$v$u bpv$ Ap„sffpô2$ue

qL$3⁄4$¡V$dp„\u k„Þepk g¡hp_u Op¡jZp 11 A¡r`°g¡ L$fu lsu.

BÞV$f_¡i_g ayV$bp¡g a¡X$f¡i_ A¡kp¡rkA¡i_ (auap)A¡ õ`¡r_i L$gb A¡a.ku.

bprk®gp¡_p `f f A¡râg_p fp¡S> fpóV2$ue A_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue b„_¡ õsf `f

M¡gpX$uAp¡_p õ\p_p„sfZ `f âqsb„^ gNpìep¡ lsp¡. Ap âqsb„^\u ApNpdu b¡

õ\p_p„sfZ Ahr^ S|>_-f014 A_¡ ÅÞeyApfu f01` ky^u _hp M¡gpX$uAp¡ kp\¡

L$fpf _l] L$fu iL$¡. raapA¡ rfeg d¡qX2$X$_¡$ `Z v„$X$ L$ep£ R>¡.

hj® f013dp„ raap_u s`pkdp„ A¡hy flõe blpf Apìey lsy L¡ bprk®gp¡_p A_¡

qfeg d¡qX2$X$ b„_¡ Ah¥^ g¡Zv$¡Z L$fhp s\p hj® f009 \u f013 hÃQ¡ bu_

õ`¡r_i kNuf M¡gpX$uAp¡_p õ\p_p„sfZ A_¡ â\dhpf fÆõV2$¡i_ L$fphhp

k„b„r^s L$p_|_p¡_y„ D‰„O_ L$ey® lsy. Ap D‰„O_ raap A_ykpf r_edp¡_p A_yÃR>¡v$

19_p¡ c„N L$fsy lsy. Ap A_yÃR>¡v A„sN®s$ Ðepf¡ S> A_ydrs Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

S>epf¡ M¡gpX$u_u he 18 hj®\u h^y lp¡e. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f001dp„ raap,

e|A¡ap A_¡ e|fp¡`ue Apep¡N hÃQ¡ k„`Þ_ \e¡gu kdS|>rsdp„ dy¿e rkÂ^p„sp¡dp„

kNufp¡_u kyfnp_¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

raapA¡

bprk®gp

¡

_p `f õ\p_p

„

sfZ ârsb

„

^ gNpìep

¡

Ap„sffpô2$ue r_ip_¡bpÆ M¡g dlpk„O Üpfp

Åfu L$hpdp„ Aph¡gu f¢qL„Ndp„ cpfs_u

r_ip_¡bpS> rl_p rkÂ^yA¡ 10 duV$f A ̧f

r`õsp¡g õ`^p®dp„ vy$r_epcfdp„ â\d õ\p_

lp„kg L$ey® R>¡. Ap kp\¡ Ap õ\p_ `f `lp¢Q_pf

s¡Ap¡ â\d cpfsue r_ip_¡bpS> b_u Nep R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ 1669 f¡qV„$N A„L$ kp\¡ â\d s\p 1`14

A„L$ kp\¡ buÅ õ\p_¡ rhð Q¡qç`e_ krb®ep_u

Å¡i_p Aê$_p¡rhL$ s\p ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ Qu__p L$u

h¡_Sy„>N 1190 A¡L$ kp\¡ füp lsp.

10 duV$f A¡f

r`õsp¡g õ`^p®dp„

rl_p rkÂ^y

_„bf h_

BÆá_u _|f Ag i¡frb_uA¡ cpfsue õL$h¡i

M¡gpX$u v$ur`L$p `ëguL$g_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p leyõV$_ Mps¡ 14

A¡râg_p fp¡S> V$¡L$kpk Ap¡`_ õL$h¡i V$|_p®d¡ÞV$dp„

lfphu_¡ rhS>¡sp \ep lsp.

ApB.ku.ku. Üpfp f A¡râg¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu

V$u-f0 f¡qL„$Ndp„ A_ykpf cpfs_u V$ud _„bf h__p õ\p_¡

flu lsu. s¡dS> ìeqL$sNs M¡gpX$u f¡qL„$Ndp„ cpfs_p

rhfpV$ L$p¡lgu b¡Vkd¡_dp„ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡, A_¡ bp¡tgNdp„

A[ð_ `p¡sp_u L$pfqL®$v$_u kh®î¡›$ R>Ì$p f¡qL„$Ndp„ s\p

h¡õV$ BqÞX$T_p g¡N rõ`_f k¥deyAg bv«u â\d A_¡

ky_ug _pfpeZ buÅ õ\p_¡ füp lsp. `f„sy V$u-20dp„

cpfs_p `fpS>e bpv$ 8 A¡râg¡ Åfu \e¡gu _hu rgõV$

dyS>b â\d õ\p_¡ îu g„L$p Aphu Ney R>¡. V$p¡Q_p v$k

b¡V$kd¡_dp„ A¡.S>¡. taS>(Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep) â\d s\p rhfpV$

L$p¡lgu buÅ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

f¢qL„$Ndp„ îug„L$p V$ud-â\d, cpfs-buÅ,

`pqL$õsp_-ÓuÅ, kpD\ ApräL$p-Qp¡\p, h¡õV$BqÞX$T-

`p„Qdp, Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep-R>Ì$p, Þe|Tug¡ÞX$-kpsdp,

HÁg¡ÞX$-ApW$dp, Apefg¡ÞX$-_hdy, bp„Ágpv$¡i-v$kdp

õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

ApB.ku.ku. V$u-f0 f¡qL

„$N

A¡\Þk Ap¡g„qç`L$_p fug¡ Q¡rç`e_

s\p hj® f004_p Ap¡g„qç`L$ kyhZ® `v$L$

rhS>¡sp i¡fp¡_ tk`k_ `f_p¡ X$p¡` V$¡õV$

`p¡TuV$uh Aphsp 8 A¡râg_p fp¡S> s¡d_p

`f 18 dpk_p¡ âqsb„^ gNphhpdp„ Apìep¡

R>¡. s¡Ap¡ S|>_ f013dp„ S>d¥L$pdp„ \e¡gu

V2$peëkdp„ âqsb„r^s v$hpAp¡_p k¡h_

bv$g v$p¡rjs W$ep® lsp.

6 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Q¡Þ_B Mps¡ Apep¡Æs Qp¡\u fpô2$ue

`yê$j S|r_ef lp¡L$u õ`^p®-f014dp„ `„Åb¡ Ap¡qX$kp_¡ 6-f

\u lfphu_¡ ârsep¡rNspdp„ Æs d¡mhu lsu. S>epf¡ Ap

õ`^p®dp„ lqfepZp buÅ 3⁄4$d¡ füy lsy.

(1) kh®î¡›$ Np¡gqL$`f - Sy>NfpS> (`„Åb)

(f) kh®î¡›$ X$u` qX$a¢X$f - _ugd k„Æh (Ap¡qX$kp)

(3) kh®î¡›$ rdX$ raëX$f - kyrds (lqfepZp)

(4) kh®î¡›$ ap¡fhX® - Å¡k¡a V$p¡à`p¡ (Ap¡qX$kp)

(`) d¡_ Ap ̧a ^ V|$_p®d¡ÞV$ - lfÆstkl (`„Åb)

fpô2$ue S|r_ef lp ̧L$u õ`^p®-

f014-`„Åb rhS>¡sp

dy

¿e `yfõL$pf

A¡\guV$ i¡fp¡_

tk`k_ `f 18

dpk_p¡ ârsb„^

`pqL$õsp_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ bp¡X®$ Üpfp

9 A¡râg_p fp¡S> ky`f V$u-f0

guN_p Apep¡S>__u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. bp¡X®$_p

AÂen _Td k¡W$u_p S>Zpìep

dyS>b ÅÞeyApfu f01`dp„

k„eyL$s Apfb Ardfps Mps¡

Ap õ`^p® ep¡Åi¡.

`pqL$õsp_ Üpfp

ky`f V$u-f0

guN_p

Apep¡S>__u

Op¡jZp

V$¡L$kpk Ap¡`_ õL$h¡i V|$_p®d¡ÞV$dp„

v$ur`L$p `ëguL$g_¡ _|f Ag

i¡frb_uA¡ `fpS>e Apàep¡

Þe|Tug¡ÞX$_p q3⁄4$L$¡V$f Np¥f¡\

lp¡`qL„$k_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$_¡ Agrhv$p

Page 20 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 20

B.k.1903dp„ õ\`pe¡gu "L$p¡`p X$¡g f¡' ayV$bp¡g Q¡qç`e_ri` õ`¡__u Of¡gy„ ayV$bp¡g Q¡qç`e_ri` R>¡, S>¡dp„ 83

S>¡V$gu V$udp¡ kpd¡g R>¡. S>¡dp„ kp¥\u kam V$ud bprk®gp¡_p R>¡, S>¡ AÐepf ky^udp„ Ly$g f6 hpf apB_g Æsu QyL$ey R>¡.

16 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> õ`¡__p h¡g¢rkepdp„ Apep¡rS>s "L$p¡`p X$¡g f¡' õ`¡r_i ayV$bp¡g Q ̧qç`e_qi`_u

ârsep¡Nuspdp„ qfeg d¡qX2$X¡$ apB_g d¡Qdp„ bprk®gp¡_p_¡ f-1\u `fpS>e Apàep¡ lsp¡. fueg d¡qX2$X$ AÐepf ky^udp„ Ly$g

19du hpf rhS>¡sp \ey R>¡.

ApB.`u.A¡g._p kpsdp„ k„õL$fZ dpV$¡ bu.ku.ku.ApB. Üpfp ky_ug

NphõL$f_u L$pe®L$pfu AÂen sfuL$¡ q_dZ|„L$ \B lsu. s¡d_p rhi¡j

kgplL$pf sfuL$¡ A¡Q.X$u.A¡a.ku. b¢L$_p AÂen qv$`L$ `pf¡M_u q_dZ|„L$

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

ky_ug NphõL$f_p rhi¡j

kgplL$pf sfuL$¡ qv$`L$ `pf¡M

cpfsdp„ lh¡ ApB.`u.A¡g. q3⁄4$L$¡V$_u S>¡d ayV$bp¡g guN `Z fdpi¡.

Ad¡rfL$pdp„ fdpB fl¡gu ayV$bp¡g guN_u S>¡d ApW$ guN_u S>¡d ApW$

V$udp¡ hÃQ¡ fdpi¡. S>¡ dpV$¡ Ly$g 30 AfÆ dmu lsu. S>¡dp„\u d|ëep„L$_

L$fu_¡ ApW$ ä¡ÞQpBTu V$udp¡_u Op¡jZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡ _uQ¡

v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡ R>¡. BqÞX$e_ ky`f guNdp v$f¡L$ V$ud ff M¡gpX$uAp¡

Mfuv$u iL$i¡. S>¡dp„ 10 M¡gpX$u rhv$¡iu li¡.

ayV$bp¡g guN ep¡Åi¡

V$ud ä¡ÞQpBTu

(1) L$p¡Qu kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f

(f) L$p¡gL$sp kp¥fh Np„Nygu, õ`¡r_k V$ud A¡V$g¡qV$L$p¡ d¡qX2$X$

(3) Np¥lÑu S>lp¡_ Ab°pld

(4) `|Z¡ kgdp_ Mp_, hpOhp_ N©`

(`) dy„bB fZbufL$`yf

(6) qv$ëlu X$¡_ _¡V$hL®$

(7) Np¡hp huqX$ep¡L$p¡_ N©`

(8) b¢Ngp¡f k_ N©`

"L$p

¡

`p X$¡

g f¡' õ`

¡r_i ayV$bp

̧

g Q¡qç`e_ri`dp

„ qfeg d

¡qX2$X$ rhS>¡

sp

rhÞS> hp ̧ÞNfu L$pf f¡gudp„ Np¥fh rNg rhS>¡sp

qv$ëlu_p A¡d.Apf.A¡a. X2$pBhf Np¥fh rNg¡ 13 A¡r`°g f014_p fp¡S> 11.9 k¡L$ÞX$_u bY$s kp\¡ hp¡ÞN¡fu L$pf

f¡gudp„ rhS>e d¡mìep¡ lsp¡. A„rsd `qfZpd A_ykpf A¡L$ NZfpS>e_p Å_ L$p¡`uQL$u buÅ s\p dpL®$ `¡X$1L$f ÓuÅ

õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

AqX$v$pk Üpfp b°pÆgdp„ ep¡Å_pf auap hëX®$ L$` 2014 dpV$¡ Ap¡_gpB_

X$p¡L$eyd¡ÞV$fu raëdp¡_u kpáprlL$ î©„Mgp b°pSy>L$p AfpDÞX$ ^ hë$X®$_u iê$Aps

22 A¡râg¡ e| V$1e|b `f gp¢Q \B lsu. raëd_u iyV$]N R> A¡.X$u. L$¡d¡fp hpmp

b°pSy>L$¥d \u L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. S>¡ b°pÆgdp„ ep¡Å_pf auap hëX®$ L$` 2014

v$frdep_ Ar^L$pqfL$ bp¡gdp„ gpN¡gp¡ li¡. b°pSy>L$¥d sL$_uL$_¡ L$pfZ¡ âi„kL$

360 qX$N°u ìe| _p¡ Ap_„v$ gB iL$i¡. AqX$v$pk ApNpdu kps kápl ky^u

AqX$v$pk ayV$bp¡g e| V$1e|b Q¡_g dpfas v$f kápl¡ A¡L$ raëd qfrgT L$fi¡.

b°pSy>L$p AfpDÞX$ ^ hëX®$ raëd î©„Mgp gp¢Q

cpfsue lp ̧L$u_u dy¿e r_epdL$ k„õ\p lp ̧L$u BqÞX$ep Üpfp

`|h® cpfsue lp ̧L$u M¡gpX$u lf¡ÞÖtkl_¡ cpfsue S|>r_ef `yê$j

lp ̧L$u V$ud_p ârinL$ sfuL$¡ 21 A¡râg¡ r_e|L$s L$fhpdp„

Apìep R>¡.

`ys®Npg_y„ AphL$_u Öô$uA¡ vy$r_ep_y„ R>hukdp„

_„bf_y„ kp¥\u Aduf ayV$bp¡g L$gb b¡_rhap_u

õ\p`_p 28 a¡by°Apfu 1904_p fp¡S> \B lsu.

b¡_rhapA¡ 21 A¡râg_p fp¡S> 33du `ys®Npgu

guN ayV$bp¡gdp„ Ap¡ëlp_¢kp¡_¡ lfphu_¡ rhS>e

d¡mìep¡ lsp¡.

Qpf hj® bpv$ 33du `ys®Npgu

guN ayV$bp¡gdp„ b¡_raL$p

rhS>eu

cpfsue S|>r_ef `yê$j

lp ̧L$u V$ud_p âqinL$ sfuL$¡

lf¡ÞÖtkl

`pR>gp hj® f013dp„ Ap d¡f¡\p¡_dp„ â¡ifLy$L$f bp¢b Üpfp rhõap¡V$

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ ÓZ_p d©Ðey s\p f64 S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡

BÅN°õs \ep lsp, S>¡d_y„ kçdp_ `Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

bp¡õV$_ d¡f¡\p¡_ v$¡icL$s qv$hk A¡V$g¡ L$¡ ÓuÅ kp¡dhpf¡ (A¡râg

dpk_p) Apep¡rS>s \pe R>¡. s¡ A¡L$ hprj®L$ Apep¡S>_ R>¡, S>¡_u iê$Aps

B.k.1897dp„ \B lsu. Ap d¡f¡\p¡_ vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u S|>_u hprj®L$

d¡f¡\p¡_ A_¡ kp¥\u ârkÂ^ `Z R>¡. s¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ `|h} d¡k¡Ãe|k¡V$1kdp„

N°¡V$f bp ̧õV$__p L$¡V$gpe¡ il¡fp¡ Üpfp \pe R>¡.

f1 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡gu Ap d¡f¡\p¡_dp„ 96 v$¡ip¡_p 3`,

7`` S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡A¡ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ Bfp¡qË$epdp„ S>Þd¡gp A_¡

AÐepf¡ Ad¡qfL$u _pNqfL$ fl¡gp A¡\guV$ d¡b L$¡ag¡ Æ^u `yê$j hN®dp„

â\d õ\p_¡ s\p L$¡Þep_p fusp S>¡`sy drlgp hN®dp„ â\d füp lsp.

rb°V$__p guX$1k Mps¡

f3 A¡râg¡ fdpe¡gu Ap

ârsep¡rNspdp„ cpfs_p

drlgp M¡gpX$u rQÓp

dprNd¥fpS>¡ b¡gpê$k_p

Ag¡_p Akdp¡gph_p

3-0 \u `fprS>s L$fu_¡

rMspb âpá L$ep¡® lsp¡.

`|h® `pqL$õsp_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$f dp¡lçdv$ AL$fd_¡ f` A¡râg¡ `pqL$õsp_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$

V$ud_p dy¿e L$p¡Q `v$¡ r_dZ„|L$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

bp¡õV$_ d¡f¡\p¡_-f014

g„X$_ Mps¡ A¡L$ `yfõL$pf kdpfp¡ldp„ f8 A¡râg¡ rghf`|g, Dê$Áh¡_p õV2$pBL$f gyBk

kyApf¡S>_¡ âp¡a¡i_g ayV$bp¡gf A¡kp¡rkA¡i__p¡ àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

s¡Ap¡ Ap `yfõL$pf âpá L$f_pf â\d rb_-e|fp¡`ue M¡gpX$u R>¡.

- Q¡[ëkep_p BX$_ l¥ÅX®$_p "e„N àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef' sfuL$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

- drlgp M¡gpX$uAp¡dp„ rghf`|g_u gL$u b°p¡S>_¡ "rhd¡Þk àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef' sfuL$¡ s\p

s¡d_u V$ud_p klep¡Nu dp\p® l¥qfk_¡ "e„N àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef' sfuL$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

- f013-14 : gyBkkyApf¡S> (rghf`|g)

- f01f-13 : N¥f¡\ bpg¡ (V$p¡Ë$¡_d lpd)

- f011-1f : fp¡rb_ hp_ `÷u (Apk£_g)

- f010-11 : N¥f\ bpg¡ (V$p¡Ë$¡_ lpd)

- f009-10 : h¡_ ê$_u„ (dp_Q¡õV$f ey_pBV$¡X$)

- f008-09 : f¥ep_ rNÁk (dp_Q¡õV$f ey_pBV$¡X$)

- f007-08 : q3⁄4$qõV$ep_p¡ fp¡_pëX$p¡ (dp_Q¡õV$f ey_pBV$¡X$)

rghf`|g_p õV2$pBL$f gyBk kyApf¡S> "àg

¡

ef Ap

̧

a ^ ef'

âp¡a¡i_g ayV$bp¡gf A¡kp¡rkA¡i_ àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef rhS>¡sp

rhð drlgp

kur_ef õ_|L$f

ârsep¡rNsp- f014dp„ rMspb

rQÓp dpqNd¥fpS>

rhS>¡sp

`pqL$õsp_ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p dy

¿e L$p

¡Q `v$¡

dp

¡

lçdv$ AL$fd

f¢L$ V$ud d¡Q f¡qV„$N

1 Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep 35 115

2 cpfs 53 112

3 îu g„L$p 53 111

4 HÁg¡ÞX$ 36 110

5 v$.ApräL$p 47 100

7 Þe|qTg¡ÞX$ 31 098

8 h¡õV$BqÞX$T 40 094

9 bp„Ágpv$¡i 23 073

10 qTçbpåh¡ 20 061

rhð q3⁄4$L$¡V$ f¢qL„$N

V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$

h_ X$¡

f¢L$ V$ud d¡Q f¡qV„$N

1 Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep 32 123

2 v$.ApqäL$p 23 123

3 HÁg¡ÞX$ 30 104

4 `pqL$õsp_ 20 103

5 cpfs 23 102

6 Þe|qTg¡ÞX$ 26 092

7 îu g„L$p 22 090

8 h¡õV$BqÞX$T 19 076

9 qTçbpåh¡ 08 040

10 bp„Ágpv$¡i 14 021

f¢L$ V$ud d¡Q f¡qV„$N

1 cpfs 15 131

2 îu g„L$p 22 130

3 `pqL$õsp_ 26 123

4 v$.ApräL$p 23 121

5 Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep 22 112

6 Þe|qTg¡ÞX$ 20 110

7 h¡õV$BqÞX$T 23 110

8 HÁg¡ÞX$ 23 097

9 Apefg¡Þ$X$ 12 087

V$u-20

ApB.ku.ku. Üpfp 1 d¡

2014_p fp¡S> rhð q3⁄4$L$¡V$ f¢qL„$N

Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu , S>¡ _uQ¡

v$ip®ìep dyS>b R>¡.

Page 21 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 21

d¡fu gyBk L$p¡g¡Bfp¡ â¡L$pA¡ dpëV$p v$¡i_p fpô2$`rs `v$¡ 4 A¡râg¡ i`\ N°lZ L$ep® lsp. s¡d_p _pd_p¡ âõÐpph hX$pâ^p_ Å¡k¡a

dõL$V$¡ L$ep£ lsp¡ A_¡ k„kv$dp„ s¡_p `f klrds k^pB lsu. L$p¡Bg¡fp¡ g¡bf `pV$} kp\¡ k„b„^ ^fphsp lsp s¡Ap¡ ApNpdu `p„Q hj®

ky^u Ap `v$ `f fl¡i¡.

L$p¡Bg¡fp¡ dpëV$p_p _hdp A_¡ e|fp¡`ue k„O_p v$¡ip¡_p buÅ dqlgp fpô2$`rs R>¡. s¡dS> dpëV$p_p AÐepf ky^u_p kp¥\u _p_u he

`` hj® ^fphsp fpô2$`rs R>¡. s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$ kp\¡ rhð_p v$¡ip¡dp„ drlgp âdyMp¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep f1 S>¡V$gu \B NB R>¡.

è dpëV$p e|fp¡`ue k„O_p c|dÂe kpNfdp„ qõ\s kp¥\u _p_u fpS>^p_u hpëg¡Ë$p ^fphsp¡ e|fp¡`ue v$¡i R>¡. S>¡ B.k.1946dp„

rb°V$__p ipk_dp„\u õhs„Ó \ep¡ lsp¡.

è k„kv$ue âZpgu ^fphsp¡ dpëV$p v$¡i A¡L$ NZfpS>e R>¡. S>¡_y„ gp¡L$ âipk_ h¡õV$ rd„õV$f âZpgu S>¡hy R>¡.

è dpëV$p_p fpô2$`rs `pk¡ L$p¡B`Z L$pe®L$pfu iqL$s _\u lp¡su. s¡ dpÓ A¡L$ fåbf õV$¡ç`_u S>¡d L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p¡ L$pe®L$pm `p„Q

hj® ky^u_p¡ R>¡. A_¡ afuhpf s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$ \su _\u.

7 A¡râg 1994 \u Sy>gpB 1994_p dÂe ky^u Apif¡ 100 qv$hk fhp„X$pdp„ Vy$V$ku A_¡ lysy Üpfp kpdyqlL$ _fk„lpf

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ `p„Q\u v$k gpM fhp„X$phpkuAp¡_u lÐep_y„ A_ydp_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gy R>¡. lÐepL$p„X$dp„

sÐL$prg_ fhp„X$pdp„ hk_pf hksu_p f0% A_¡ Vy$V$ku_u hksu_p 70% gp¡L$p¡ kpd¡g lsp. kpdyrlL$ _fk„lpf_u ep¡S>_p

âdyM fpS>_ursL$ gp¡L$p¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡ "AL$pSy>' _pd\u ÅZusp lsp, s¡d_p Üpfp OX$hpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp_p L$¡V$gpL$¡ fpô2$ue

kfL$pf_p V$p¡Q_p `v$p¡ `f L$bÅ¡ L$fu fp¿ep¡ lsp¡.

fhp„X$pdp„ sÐL$pgu_ fpô2$`rs Sy>h¡_pg lpbepfudp_ (lysy)_u Np¡mu dpfu_¡ lÐep \ep bpv$ Ap _fk„lpf \ep¡ lsp¡.

kfL$pf_p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ _fk„lpf_u ep¡S>_p gp„bp kde\u b_phpB lsu. d©Ðey `pd¡gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ v$a_phhp dpV$¡

v$¡icfdp„ kpdyrlL$ L$bfp¡ Mp¡v$hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

fhp„X$p Mps¡ 7 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> qL$„Npgu _fk„lpf d¡dp¡qfeg k¡ÞV$f Mps¡ fpô2$`rs `p ̧g L$pNpd¡ A_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$

dlpkrQh bp_ L$u-d|_¡ dipg âNV$phu_¡ f0du hj®Np„W$ DS>hu_¡ d©sL$p¡_¡ îÂ^p„S>rg `pW$hu lsu.

v$rnZ A¡riepdp„ rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_p DÑfu cpNdp„ Aph¡gp v$¡i îug„L$p_y„

Ar^L$pfuL$ _pd îug„L$p kdpS>hpv$u S>_sp„qÓL$ NZfpS>e R>¡. S>¡ cpfs_u v$rnZ¡

kudp\u 31 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gy v|$f R>¡. Ly$g ff.33 rdrge_ Ar^L$pfuL$ hksu

^fphsp îug„L$p_y„ _pd B.k.196f ky^u kugp¡_ lsy. S>¡_¡ hj® 196fdp„

bv$gphu_¡ g„L$p L$fhpdp„ Apìey. B.k.1968dp„ s¡_u ApNm kçdp_ k|QL$ iåv$

"îu' Å¡X$u_¡ îug„L$p L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. îug„L$p_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ _Nf L$p¡g„bp¡ R>¡, S>¡

s¡_u fpS>^p_u `Z R>¡.

îug„L$p kfL$pf Üpfp f A¡râg_p fp¡S> 16 srdg kd|lp¡ `f âqsb„^

gNphhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap kd|lp¡_¡ Aps„L$hpv$u k„NW$_ Op¡rjs L$fu_¡ kfL$pf

Üpfp v$¡i_p _pNqfL$p¡_¡ Aphp kdylp¡ kp\¡ k„`L®$ _ fpMhp Q¡shZu Ap`hpdp„

Aphu lsu. gNphhpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ ârsb„^ k„eyL$s fpô2$ kyfnp `qfjv$ âõÐpph

k„¿ep 1373 A„sN®s gNphpep¡ lsp¡. Ap âõsph k„¿ep Ad¡qfL$pdp„ \e¡gp

9/11 lydgp bpv$ AqõsÐhdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy Ap„sffpô2$ue L$Ë$f`„\

kdpá L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. îu g„L$p kfL$pf Üpfp gNphpe¡gp âqsb„^dp„ 16 kd|ldp„

srdg V$pBNk® (gË$¡) `Z kpd¡g R>¡.

îug

„

L$p kfL$pf¡ 16 srdg kd|l `f âqsb

„

^ gNpìep

¡ fhp

„

X$p _fk

„

lpf_u f0du hj®Np

„

W$

`y›$c|rd

d¡fu gyBk L$p¡g¡Bfp¡ â¡L$p dpëV$p_p _hp fpô2$`rs bÞep

dpëV$p v$¡i rhj¡ :-

L$ÅqL$õsp__p hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡

L$ÅqL$õsp__p fpô2$`rs _|f kyësp_ _Tf hpe¡g Üpfp v$¡i_p

hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ L$qfd dprkdp¡h_u `k„v$Nu f A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ k¡qfL$ AMd¡sp¡h_p õ\p_ `f `k„v$Nu `pçep R>¡.

S>¡ kàV$¡çbf f01fdp„ hX$pâ^p_ bÞep lsp.

L$qfd dprkdp¡h Ap `l¡gp L$ÅqL$õsp__p Qua Ap ̧a õV$pa

s\p ÅÞeyApfu f007\u kàV$¡çbf f01f ky^u L$ÅqL$õsp__p

hX$pâ^p_ flu QyL$ep R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, L$ÅqL$õsp_ õhs„Ó

\ep `l¡gp `|h£ kp¡rhe¡s k„O_y„ kv$õe fl¡gy R>¡. kp¡rhe¡s k„Odp„

friep bpv$ buÅ _„bf_y„ s¡g DÐ`pv$L$ fpô2$ R>¡.

çep„dpf (bdp®) Apif¡ 60 qdrge__u S>_k„¿ep kp\¡_p¡ dy¿eê$`¡ A¡L$ bp¥Â^ v$¡i R>¡ A_¡ gNcN AX$^u ispqåv$_p k¥r_L$

ipk_dp„\u spS>¡sfdp„ blpf Apìep¡ R>¡. S>ep„ B.k.1983dp„ hksu NZsfu Apep¡Æs \B lsu.

30 hj® bpv$ 30 dpQ® f014_p fp¡S> çep„dpf Üpfp `p¡sp_u â\d hksu NZsfu_u iê$Aps \B R>¡. hksu NZsfudp„ k„eyL$s

fpô2$ S>_ k„¿ep r_q^ (e|.A¡_.`u.A¡a.) A_¡ s¡_p v$p_L$sp®Ap¡A¡ klpesp âv$p_ L$fu lsu. S>¡dp„ 6` rdrge_ e|.A¡k. X$p ̧gf_y„

ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey lsy. Ap ep¡Nv$p_ kh£nZ_u sL$_uL$u bpbsp¡ `f ap¡L$k L$fhp A_¡ fpS>_ursL$ tQspAp¡_¡ _Tf A„v$pT

L$fhp dpV$¡ g¡hpdp„ Apìey lsy.

hksu NZsfu 1f qv$hk ky^u 10,00,00 rinL$p¡ Üpfp k„Qprgs L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap âq3⁄4$ep v$frdep_ ârsq_r^ bpmL$p¡_p

S>Þd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf v$f_u bpbsp¡ k„b„r^s ÅZL$pfu kp\¡ kp\¡ âhpk k„b„^u Ap„L$X$pAp¡ `Z A¡L$qÓs L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. A¡hu A`¡np

Ap`hpdp„ Aphu flu R>¡ L$¡, hksu NZsfu Üpfp âpá Ap„L$X$pAp¡ kfL$pf Üpfp `p¡sp_p _pNqfL$p¡ dpV$¡ ep¡Áe _ursAp¡ OX$hpdp„ dv$v$ê$`

b_i¡.

çep

„

dpfdp

„

30 hj®dp

„

â\dhpf hksu NZsfu

Ad¡qfL$u fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdpA¡ 8

A¡râg_p fp¡S> kfL$pfu L$pe®v$mdp„ `Npf_p

dpdg¡ tgN Akdp_sp_¡ vy$f L$fhp Apv$¡i

Apàep lsp. A¡L$ Apv$¡idp„ k„^ue W$¡L$¡v$pf

L$d®QpfuAp¡_p `Npf `f QQp® L$fi¡. buÅdp„

r_v$£i A_ykpf W$¡L$¡v$pf Års A_¡ tgN Ap^pf¡

îd rhcpN_¡ hmsf_u bpbs S>Zphi¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ad¡qfL$pdp„ `l¡gp Åfu

\e¡gp hksu NZsfu åe|fp¡_p Ap„L$X$p dyS>b

drlgpAp¡_¡ `yê$jp¡_u kfMpdZuA¡ A¡L$

X$p ̧gf_u L$dpZu `f dpÓ 77 k¢V$ dmsp lsp.

Ap `l¡gp L$„S>fh¡V$uh `n¡ hj® f010 s\p

f01fdp„ L$p¢N°¡k_p D`gp kv$_dp„ Ap âL$pf_p

L$p_|__¡ fv$1 L$ep£ lsp¡.

bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp Üpfp

h¡s_dp„ tgN Akdp_sp

v|$f L$fhp Apv$¡i A`pep¡

b¡[ëS>ed kfL$pf ârshj® S>_fg-L$dui_ ap ̧f rfae|Æk A¡ÞX$ ^ õV$¡V$g¡k_u kgpl `f kyfrns

v$¡ip¡_u kyrQ Ål¡f L$f¡ R>¡. k„õ\p_p r_ed dyS>b L$p¡B v$¡i kyfrns Ðepf¡ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, S>epf¡

rS>_uhp kdS|>rs_¡ A_yê$` A¡L$ r_[òs Ahr^ ky^u Ap v$¡ip¡ `f L$p¡B v$bph _ lp¡e A¡hp Ly$g kps v$¡ip¡_¡

`k„v$Nu 3⁄4$d Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap k|rQ Ål¡f L$fhp_u iê$Aps hj® f011dp„ \B lsu.

A¡râg_p â\d kápldp„ Åfu \e¡gu kyfrns v$¡ip¡_u k|qQ-f014dp„ cpfs krls Aëb¡r_ep,

bp¡qõ_ep, d¡k¡X$p¡r_ep, L$p¡kp¡hp¡, dp¢V$¡_ A¡Nfp¡ A_¡ krb®ep kpd¡g R>¡.

DÑf-`[òd e|fp¡` Mps¡ Aph¡gp b¡[ëS>ed v$¡i_y„ `yê$_pd qL„$NX$d Ap ̧a b¡[ëS>ed R>¡. s¡ e|fp¡`ue

k„O_p¡ k„õ\p`L$ kv$õe v$¡i R>¡. e|fp¡`ue k„O_y„ dy¿epge `Z Al] Aph¡gy R>¡. b¡[ëS>ed _pV$p¡_y„ kv$õe

R>¡. hs®dp_ hksu 10.7 duqge_ A_¡ n¡Óam 30,`f8 hN® qL$gp¡duV$f R>¡.

b¡[ëS>ed¡ cpfs_¡ kyfrns v$¡ip¡_u k|rQdp„ kpd¡g L$ey®

b¡rëS>ed v$¡i :

3⁄4urdep_u k„kv$¡ kh® kçdrs\u _hp

k„rh^p__u sfa¡Zdp„ 11 A¡râg¡ dsv$p_ L$ey®

lsy. _hp k„rh^p_ A„sN®s 3⁄4urdep frie_

k„O_u cusf L$p_|_u A_¡$ gp¡L$sp„qÓL$ fpô2$

Op¡rjs \ey R>¡.

_hp k„rh^p_dp„ Ly$g 10 M„X$, 9`

A_yÃR>¡v$ R>¡. S>¡dp„ frie_, e|3⁄4$¡_u A_¡ 3⁄4uqdepB

spsf_¡ Aq^L$pqfL$ cpjp_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_

L$fhp_u bpbs S>Zphhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. 3⁄4uqdep_p

v$f¡L$ 88 kp„kv$p¡A¡ _hp k„rh^p__u sfa¡Zdp„

dsv$p_ L$ey® lsy.

3⁄4uqdep_u k„kv$¡ _hp

k„rh^p__u sfa¡Zdp„

dsv$p_ L$ey®

A¡Q.ApB.hu._u õhe„

`funZ qL$V$_p h¡QpZ_¡

rb°V$_ Üpfp d„Sy>fu

rb°V$_ Üpfp 6 A¡râg_p fp¡S>\u A¡Q.ApB.hu._u õhe„ `qfnZ

qL$V$_p h¡QpZ_¡ L$p_|_u b_phhp kp\¡ S> A¡Q.ApB.hu. `funZ

`p¡sp_p Of¡ Ås¡ L$fu iL$pe s¡hp¡ _hp¡ L$p_|_ AqõsÐhdp„ Aphu Nep¡ R>¡.

Ap L$p_|_ gp¡L$p¡_¡ vy$L$p_p¡ `f\u D`gå^ V$¡qõV„$N qL$V$_¡ Mfuv$u_¡ Ås¡

`funZ L$fhp_u A_ydrs Ap`¡ R>¡. rb°V$_ kfL$pf¡ Ap L$p_|__¡ kàV$¡çbf

f013dp„ A_ydp¡v$us L$e¡p® lsp¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, õhe„ `qfnZ qL$V$

Ad¡rfL$pdp„ hj® f01f\u iê$ \B lsu.

õhe„ `funZdp„ Ap„Nmudp„\u fL$s_y„ A¡L$ _p_y V$u`y A\hp dp¡„dp\u

ê$ Üpfp g¡hpe¡g gpm_p¡ _dy_p¡ kpd¡g lp¡e R>¡. S>¡dp„ rQqL$ÐkL$ue op_

hNf kpdpÞe dp_hu `p¡sp_y„ `qfnZ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

_fk„lpf_u f0du hj®Np„W$

L$fud dprkdp¡h

çep„dpf Mps¡ hksu NZsfu k„`Þ_

v$kL$pAp¡\u k¥Þe ipk__¡ Apr^_ fl¡gp bp¥Ý^ blyds hksu ^fphsp v$rnZ A¡qiepB v$¡i çep„dpfdp„ ÓZ v$kL$p bpv$

\e¡gu hksu NZsfu k„`Þ_ \B lsu.

çep„dpf_p fMpB_ âp„sdp„ hksp fp¡tlÁep dykgdp_p¡_¡ v$¡i_p _pNqfL$ dp_hpdp„ Aphsp _\u. s¡Ap¡ Alu dp¡V$u hksu

^fph¡ R>¡. blyk„¿eL$ bp¥Â^ A_¡ s¡d_p hÃQ¡ hpf„hpf gp¡luepm k„Oj® Qpëep L$f¡ R>¡. fMpB__u fpS>^p_u kuÐh¡ Mps¡ bp¥Â^p¡A¡

Ap hksu NZsfudp„ fp¡tlÁep iåv$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp bv$g rhfp¡^ v$ip®ìep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_y„ dp_hy lsy L$¡ Å¡ Ap iåv$_p¡ âep¡N \i¡

sp¡ gOydsu fp¡tlÁep_¡ dpÞesp dmu S>i¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, çep„dpf kfL$pf fp¡tlÁep_¡ b„Npmu L$l¡ R>¡ A_¡ bp„Ágpv$¡i\u Aph¡gp

âhpku S>Zph¡ R>¡.

fp¡tlÁep dyqõgdp¡_¡ hksu NZsfudp„ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ _ Aphsp dp_h Ar^L$pf k„NW$_p¡ A_¡ Åsue kdylp¡A¡ Ap hksu

NZsfu õ\rNs L$fhp dp„N L$fu lsu.

fp¡rl„Áep dyqõgdp¡_¡ hksu NZsfudp„ kpd¡g _ L$fpep

Page 22 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

Å`p_ Üpfp `p¡sp_p¡ lh¡ `R>u_p¡ A¢V$pL®$qV$L$ ìl¡tgN L$pe®3⁄4$d fv$1 L$fhp_u Op¡jZp 4

A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. k„eyL$s fpô2$ (e|.A¡_.)_p Ap„sffpô2$ue Þepepge Üpfp Ap

L$pe®3⁄4$d_¡ b„^ L$fhp Apv$¡i A`pep¡ lsp¡. Ap âL$pf_p¡ a¢kgp¡ f`\u h^y hj®dp„ â\dhpf

g¡hpep¡ lsp¡.

dyqõgd blyds ^fphsp dg¡riep v$¡i_p N©l â^p_ Aldv$ Årlv$ lduv$u_p

S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ v$¡i_p râ„qV„$N Ap ̧a Ly$fpr_L$ V$¡L$õV$ A¡L$V$dp„ A¡L$ âõsprhs k„ip¡^_ bpv$

ìehkpreL$ ârs›$p_p¡dp„ `rhÓ Ly$fp__u Apepsp¡_p¡ gp`fhplu `|h®L$ D`ep¡N _l] L$fu

iL$pe.

f¡õV$p¡fÞV$ k„QpgL$p¡ krls dyqõgd h¡`pfuAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p `qfkfp¡dp„ `rhÓ Ly$fp__u

Apepsp¡_¡ DrQs JQpB A_¡ õhÃR> õ\p_ `f gNphhu `X$i¡. k„ip¡^__¡ A„rsd õhê$`

Ap`hpdp„ Aphu füy R>¡. S>¡_¡ k„kv$dp„ fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap k„ip¡^__p¡ l¡sy dyqõgdp¡_¡

Ly$fp__u Apepsp¡_p vy$f D`ep¡N\u fp¡L$hp_p¡ R>¡. S>¡ `p¡sp_p ìehkpedp„ _ap dpV$¡

kp¥cpÁe_p âqsL$ sfuL$¡ s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡.

fpô2$rls_u fnp A_¡ `p¡sp_p kÑphpv$u ê$M_¡ L$pfZ¡ `l¡gp\u S> e|fp¡`ue k„O A_¡

rhv$¡iu fp¡L$pZL$pfp¡_u V$uL$pAp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fu fl¡gp rhL$V$f Ap¡b®_ 1 ÅÞeyApfu f01f

\u Adgdp„ Aph¡gp l„N¡fu_p _hp k„rh^p_ bpv$ 6 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡gu

kpdpÞe Q|„V$Zu_p 8 A¡râg¡ Aph¡gp `qfZpdp¡ bpv$ s¡d_u auX$¡T `pV$}_¡ 199 `¥L$u

133 b¡W$L$p¡ âpá \sp hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ Apê$Y$ \ep R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rhL$V$f Ap¡b®_

B.k.1998 A_¡ f010dp„ hX$pâ^p_ `v$ k„cpmu QyL$ep R>¡.

rhL$V$f Ap ̧b®__u raX$¡T `pV$}A¡ b¡ s©s]epi ds d¡mìep lsp. S>epf¡ AÑugp d¡kf

lpÆ_p X$pb¡fu A¡gp„ek¡ 38 b¡W$L$ s\p Tp¡qçbL$ `pV$}A¡ 23 b¡W$L$p¡ d¡mhu lsu.

Ø k„kv$ue gp¡L$s„Ó ^fphsp l„N¡fu NZfpS>edp„ ârs Qpf hj£ Qy„V$Zu ep¡Åe R>¡.

blyds A_¡ A_y`ps_p ârsr_q^Ðh_p Ap^pf¡ rdrîs Qy„V$Zu âZpgu R>¡.

Ø l„N¡fue_ e|r_ L$¥d¡fg `pgp®d¡ÞV$ (_¡i_g A¡k¡çbgu)dp„ Ly$g 386 kv$õep¡ lp¡e R>¡.

S>¡dp„\u 176 Qy„V$pB_¡ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡ v$f¡L$ kv$õe A¡L$ kv$õe Qy„V$Zun¡Ó_y„

ârsr_r^Ðh L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ s¡_p rhõspfdp„ dsv$pspAp¡ Üpfp ku^p Qy„V$pB Aph¡ R>¡.

Ø f10 kv$õe A_y`prsL$ ârsr_q^Ðh_p Ap^pf¡ `pV$} rgõV$ A_¡ _¡i_g

rgõV$dp„\u `k„v$ \pe R>¡. S>¡_p¡ A\® A¡hp¡ \pe R>¡ L$¡, âÐe¡L$ dsv$pf Qy„V$Zu_p

qv$hk¡ b¡ ds Ap`¡ R>¡. A¡L$ Dd¡v$hpf_¡ A_¡ A¡L$ `pV$}_¡.

Ø l„N¡fudp„ hX$pâ^p__u Qy„V$Zu kp„kv$p¡_u klrds kp\¡ Qpf hj® dpV$¡ \pe R>¡.

hpõsrhL$ kÑp-iqL$s hX$pâ^p_ ^fph¡ R>¡. S>epf¡ fpô2$`rs_u Qy„V$Zu Nyá

dsv$p_ Üpfp b¡ s©suep„i dsp¡ kp\¡ kp„kv$p¡_u kldrs\u `p„Q hj® dpV$¡ \pe R>¡.

l„N¡fu_p hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ rhL$V$f Ap ̧b®_ `y_: Apê$Y$

l„N¡fu_u Qy„V$Zu âq3⁄4$ep ::

22

Å5p_ Üpfp A¢V$pL®$qV$L$ ìl¡tgN L$pe®3⁄4$d fv$1

Ad¡qfL$p Mps¡_u "L$rdV$u Vy$ âp¡V$¡L$V$ S>_p®rgõV$1k' (ku.`u.S>¡.) v$¡Mf¡M k„õ\p Üpfp `ÓL$pfp¡_u A_qX$V$¡L$V$

lÐepAp¡_p Ap^pf `f s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aphsp `p¡sp_p hprj®L$ k|QL$p„L$dp„ kuqfep_¡ `ÓL$pfp¡ dpV$¡ kp¥\u Msf_pL$

v$¡i Ål¡f L$ep£ lsp¡.k„õ\p_p hprj®L$ k|QL$p„L$ `ÓL$pfp¡_u lÐep_p A_qX$V$¡L$V$ dpdgp A_¡ v$¡i_u Ly$g hksu_p

A_y`ps_u kf¡fpi V$L$phpfu ê$`¡ Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

eyÂ^N°õs kuqfepdp„ L$pe®fs `ÓL$pfp¡ dpV$¡ lpgdp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Msfp¡ V$pfN¡V$¡X$ lÐepAp¡_u h^su k„¿ep R>¡.

ku.`u.S>¡. _p S>Zphhp A_ykpf k|QL$p„L$dp„ `ÓL$pfp¡_u lÐep_p A_qX$V$¡L$V$ dpdg¡ gNpspf kp¥\u V$p¡Q¡ BfpL$

R>¡, buÅ _„bf¡ kp¡dprgep A_¡ ÓuÅ _„bf¡ ragu`u_ R>¡.

"L$rdV$u V| âp¡V$¡L$V$ S>_p®rgõV$1k' v$¡Mf¡M k„õ\pA¡ kuqfep_¡ `rhÓ Ly$fp__u Apepsp¡_p D`ep¡N_¡ `ÓL$pfp¡ dpV$¡ kp¥\u Msf_pL$ v$¡i Ål¡f L$ep£

r_ed_ L$fi¡ dg¡riep

B.k.1999dp„ S>epf¡ Aåv$¡gÆS> bp¡_¡ragL$pA¡ fpô2$`rs `v$ k„cpýey Ðepf¡ AëÆqfep_u A¡_p

A_¡ Bõgpd DN°hpv$uAp¡ hÃQ¡ N©l eyÂ^ iê$ \ey. S>¡dp„ AdyL$ lv$¡ s¡Ap¡ v$¡i_¡ Apr\®L$ qõ\fsp

A`phhpdp„ kam \ep lsp.

18 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> AëÆqfep_p fpô2$`rs `v$_u Qy„V$Zudp„ Aåv$¡gÆ bp¡s¡ragL$p kss

Qp¡\uhpf rhS>¡sp \ep R>¡. s¡d_u _¡i_g rgbf¡i_ ä„V$ `pV$}A¡ rhfp¡^u Agu b¡qÞagk_¡ `fpS>e

Apàep¡ lsp¡. fpô2$`rs_u Q|„V$Zudp„ s¡d_¡ 81% ds dýep lsp. `pR>gu hj® f009_u Qy„V$Zudp„ s¡d_¡

90% ds âpá \ep lsp.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, AëÆqfep_p dym k„rh^p_ dyS>b fpô2$`rs dpÓ b¡ L$pe®L$pm dpV$¡ Q„yV$pB iL$sp

lsp. `f„sy Ap kudp vy$f L$fhp hj® f008dp„ k„rh^p_ k„ip¡^_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

AëÆqfep_p fpô2$`rs `v$_u Qy„V$Zudp„ kss

Qp¡\uhpf rhS>¡sp \ep Aëv$¡gÆS> bp¡s¡ragL$p

L$¡Þep kfL$pf_p fpô2$`rs Dlê$ L$¡ÞepV$p Üpfp `yê$jp¡_¡ A¡L$ L$fsp h^y g‚p¡_u L$p_|_u d„S|>fu Ap`sp

rh^¡eL$ `f f9 A¡râg¡ klu L$fhp kp\¡ _hp¡ L$p_|_ AqõsÐhdp„ Aphu Nep¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, drlgp kd|lp¡ Üpfp

s¡_u Apgp¡Q_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.`|h} ApräL$p v$¡i L$¡Þep_u fpS>^p_u _¥fp¡bu Mps¡\u fpô2$`rs Üpfp Åfu

r_h¡v$_dp„ S>Zphpey R>¡ L$¡, rhhpl kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡g sdpd r_edp¡_y„ AÂee_ L$fu_¡ _hp¡ L$p_|_ b_phhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡. rhhpl `yê$j A_¡ drlgp_u dfÆ\u \pe R>¡, s¡ cg¡ `R>u A¡L$ lp¡e L$¡ A_¡L$.

Qu__u A¡N°uL$ëQfg b¢L$ Ap ̧a QpB_p Üpfp eyhp dpspAp¡_¡ Âep_dp„ fpMu_¡ A¡L$ _hy "râV$u dp ̧d'

A¡V$g¡ L$¡ "àepfu dp„' 3⁄4$¡X$uV$ L$pX®$ fS|> \ey R>¡. b¢L$ `p¡sp_p âeÐ_p¡ hX$¡ drlgp L$õV$dfp¡_¡ Ap fus¡ `p¡sp_u

kp\¡ Å¡X$u flu R>¡. 6> hj® ky^u_u he ^fphsp bpmL$p¡_u dpspAp¡_u S>ê$fsp¡_¡ Âep_¡ fpMu_¡ Ap 3⁄4$¡qX$V$

L$pX®$ b¡bu âp ̧X$L$V$ b°p„X$p¡_u Mfuvu `f Ry>V$R>pV$ Ap`i¡.

vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u h^y hksu ^fphsp v$¡i Qu_dp„ e„N d^k®_u k„¿ep dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ TX$`\u h^u

flu R>¡. Ap drlgpAp¡ ip¡t`N_¡ gB_¡ M|b S> A¡L$kpBV$¡X$ lp¡e R>¡, a¡rdgu bS>¡V$dp„ `Z s¡d_p¡ Mpk

fp¡g lp¡e R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfsdp„ `Z drlgpAp¡_u Apr\®L$ S>ê$qfepsp¡_¡ bl¡sf fus¡ kdS>hp

A_¡ `|Z® L$fhp drlgpAp¡ Üpfp k„Qprgs cpfsue drlgp b¢L$_u iê$Aps \B QyL$u R>¡.

Qu_dp

„

e

„

N d^k® dpV$¡ "r`°V$u dp

̧

d' 3⁄4$¡qX$V$ L$pX®$

L$¡

Þep kfL$pf Üpfp `yê$jp

¡

_

¡ A¡L$ L$fsp h^y g‚p

¡

_u L$p_|_u Ry>V$

S>|_ 19`8 S|>_ 1963 ky^u `p ̧` fl¡gp `p ̧` Å¡_ f3dp„ A_¡ Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 1978\u A¡râg f00` ky^u `p¡`_p `v$¡

fl¡gp Å ̧_ `p ̧g-f_¡ h¡qV$L$__u k¡hp L$fhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ "d ̧_ Ap ̧a L$f¡S>' ê$`¡ âi„kp L$fu_¡ hs®dp_ `p ̧` äp„rkk Üpfp f7 A¡râg¡

b„_¡ k¡hpr_h©Ñ `p¡`_¡ k„s_p v$fˆ$p\u kçdpr_s L$ep® lsp. h¡qV$L$_ rkV$u_p k¢V$ `uV$k® õhpefdp„ Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„

s¡_u Op¡jZp \B lsu.

õd©rs rQÞl sfuL$¡ `p ̧` Å ̧_ `p¡g-f_p fL$s\u cf¡gp A¡L$ L„$V$¡_f A_¡ `p ̧` Å¡_ f3dp_u ÐhQp_p¡ A¡L$ Vy$L®$V$p AëV$f_u

_ÆL$ õ\pr`s L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. AëV$f A¡L$ A¡hu L©$rÓd b_phV$ lp¡e R>¡. S>ep„ ^prd®L$ Dv«¡ip¡\u brgv$p_ Ap`hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

`p ̧` äp„rkk Üpfp h¡qV$L$_ rkV$udp„ Å ̧_ f3dp„ A_¡ Å ̧_

`p¡g-f_¡ k„s_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ \ep¡

v$rnZ L$p¡qfep_p

hX$pâ^p_ Qy„N-lp ̧ÞN

hp ̧__y„ fpÆ_pdy

v$rnZ L$p¡qfep_p hX$pâ^p_

Qy„N-lp ̧ÞN hp ̧_¡ A¡L$ âhpku S>lpS>_u

vyO®V$_p bpv$ _¥rsL$sp_p Ap^pf¡ f7

A¡râg¡ `p¡sp_p `v$ `f\u fpÆ_pdy

Ap`u qv$^y lsy. k¡hp¡g _pd_y epÓu

S>lpS> 16 A¡râg¡ v$.L$p¡qfep_p

v$rnZu-`[òdu sV$ Mps¡ kdyÖdp„

Xy$bu Ney lsy. S>¡dp„ Ly$g 746 S>¡V$gp

õL|$g_p bpmL$p¡, rinL$p¡ krls_p

gp¡L$p¡ khpf lsp.

kss dp¢Op \B fl¡gp ifpb (v$pê$)_p rhL$ë` õhê$`¡

DÐ`pv$_ L$sp®Ap¡ Üpfp s¡_¡ `phX$f `pgL$p¡lp ̧g õhê$`¡ fS|> L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g R>¡. v$pê$_p Ap `phX$f_¡ L$p¡B `uZpdp„ c¡mhu_¡ L$¡ MpÛ

`v$p\® `f R>p„V$u_¡ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$pe R>¡. s¡_p DÐ`pv$__y„ h¡QpZ

hj® f014_p A„s ky^udp„ iê$ \B iL$¡ s¡ dpV$¡ Ad¡qfL$p_u

kfL$pf¡ f0 A¡râg¡ `phX$f_u ifpb b°p„X$ `pgL$p¡lp ̧g_¡

A_ydp¡rv$s L$fu lsu. ApëL$p¡lp¡g A_¡ V$p ̧b¡L$p¡ V$¡L$k A¡ÞX$ V2$¡X$

åe|fp¡_¡ `pgL$p¡lp ̧g_p kps k„õL$fZ S>¡hp L$¡ dpN®fuV$p,

L$p ̧õdp¡`p¡rgV$_ ÅeL$¡ A_¡ `pDX$qfV$p kpd¡g R>¡. r_dp®ZL$sp®_p

S>Zphhp âdpZ¡ s¡_p¡ õhpv$ dpNp®fuV$p (A¡L$ âL$pf_y„ L$p¡L$V$¡g)

S>¡hp¡ R>¡.

`pDX$f-ifpb `pgL$p

¡

lp

̧

g_

¡ Ad

¡qfL$p_y

„

A_ydp

¡v$_

rd÷_u A¡L$ Av$pgs¡ f8 A¡râg_p fp¡S> dyqõgd b°^flyX$_p V$p¡Q_p _¡sp dylçdv$ bpv$u A_¡ s¡_p

68f kd\®L$p¡_¡ d©Ðeyv„$X$_u kÅ afdphu lsu. rhð_p Ap^yr_L$ Brslpkdp„ â\dhpf ApV$gu dp¡V$u

k„¿epdp„ A`fp^uAp¡_¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ dp¡s_u kÅ k„cmphhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f013dp„

dyqõgd b°^flyX$_p kd\®L$ sÐL$prg_ fpô2$`rs dp¡lçdv$ d|k}_¡ k¡_p Üpfp `v$c°ô$ L$fpep bpv$ v$¡idp„

tlkp cX$L$u DW$u lsu. (h^y dprlsu dpV$¡ kàV$¡çbf-f013_p¡ A„L$ hp„Qhp¡)

BrS>ádp„ dyqõgd b°^flyX$_p âdyM krls

683 gp¡L$p¡_¡ d©Ðeyv„$X$_u kÅ

Ap„sffpô2$ue fpô2$d„X$g ârsep¡rNsp-f014

Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep_p `\® Mps¡ f6-f7 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Apep¡rS>s Ap„sffpô2$ue fpô2$d„X$m

ârsep¡rNsp-f014dp„ cpfsue rS>d_põV$ v$m Üpfp 3 kyhZ®, 3 fS>s A_¡ 1 L$p„õe

`v$L$ lp„kg L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Ap„sffpô2$ue rhcpN_u h^y d¡V$f `p_p _„.13 D`f

Qu_ Üpfp rsåbsu `W$pf `f 7 qL$gp

¡

duV$f JXy$ bp

¡flp

¡

g Mp

¡v$pey

M_uS> s¡g A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k S>¡hp k„ip^_p¡_u ip¡^ L$fhp_p l¡sy\u rsåbs_u k„ip^_ kd©qÂ^ qldpge

n¡Ódp„ Qu__u AÞh¡jZ V$ud Üpfp 7 A¡râg f014_p fp¡S> kps qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gy JXy$ bp¡flp¡g Mp¡v$hpdp„ Apìey lsy.

qsåbs_u JQpB A_¡ c|rhop__¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡ vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u dyíL$¡g qX2$qg„N õ\p_p¡ `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$ R>¡. DÅ® c„X$pf kuhpe

`W$pfdp„ Qu__p sp„bp, gp¡M„X$, kp¡_y A_¡ AÞe M_uÅ¡_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡Vp¡ c„X$pf D`gå^ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, B.k.1980_p v$kL$pdp„ vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥\u JX$p¡ bpflp¡g friep_p¡ L$p¡gp ky`fX$u` bp¡flp¡g

1f,f6f duV$f_u JX$pBA¡ qX2$qg„N L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

"irlv$¡ ApTd' cNstkl_¡ r_v$p£j kprbs

L$fhp `pqL$õsp__u Av$pgsdp„ AfÆ

cpfs_u ApTpv$u dpV$¡ `p¡sp_p âpZp¡_u Ly$fbp_u Ap`_pf cNstkl_¡ cg¡ "irlv$'_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ dm¡gp¡

lp¡e `f„sy s¡_p `f gpN¡gp Apfp¡` ApS>¡ `Z L$ped R>¡. Ap Apfp¡`p¡dp„\u s¡d_¡ r_v$p£j kprbs L$fhp

`pqL$õsp_dp„ A¡L$ L$p_|_u S„>N iê$ \ep¡ R>¡. S>¡ A„sN®s B.k.1928dp„ sÐL$prg_ kur_ef `p¡rgk

Ap¡rakf_u lÐep_p dpdg¡ cNstkl kpd¡ _p¢^pe¡gu A¡a.ApB.Apf._u L$p¡`u dp„Nhpdp„ Aphu R>¡, S>¡\u

s¡d_¡ r_v$p£j kprbs L$fu iL$pe.

A_pfL$gu \pZpdp„ A¡a.ApB.Apf. f¡L$p¡X®$_u Nl_ s`pk bpv$ s¡ dmu Aphu lsu.Dv|®$dp„ gMpe¡gu

A¡a.ApB.Apf.dp„ irlv$ cNstkl_p _pd_p¡ D‰¡M \ep¡ _\u. ApB.`u.ku. ^pfp 30f, 120 A_¡ 109

A„sN®s L$¡k _p¢^pe¡gp¡ lsp¡.

AfÆL$sp® cNstkl d¡dp¡qfeg_p AÂen BqçsepT friv$ Ly$f¡iu Üpfp Å ̧_ `u.kp¢X$k®_u L$r\sê$`¡

lÐep_¡ gB_¡ cNstkl, kyMv$¡h A_¡ fpS>Nyê$ kpd¡ _p¢^pe¡gu aqfepv$_u L$p¡`u dp„Nhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Þepepge Üpfp 11 A¡qâg¡ s¡ L$p¡`u Ap`hp dpV$¡ `p¡guk_¡ Apv$¡i L$ep® bpv$ BqçsepT friv$ Ly$f¡iu_p

S>Zpìep dyS>b `„Åb (`pqL$õsp__y„) `p¡rgk_p L$p_|_u rhcpN `pk¡ B.k.189` \u 19f8 ky^u_p¡ f¡L$X®$

D`gå^ R>¡, `f„sy `p¡rgk¡ s¡ Ap`hp BÞL$pf L$fsp Av$pgs_p¡ Apifp¡ g¡hp¡ `X$ep¡ lsp¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

cNstkl_p dpdgp_u ky_phZu L$f_pf Þepepr^L$fZ Üpfp 4`0 S>¡V$gp Nhplp¡_¡ kp„cýep hNf

cNstkl_¡ d©Ðeyv„$X$ afdpìep¡ lsp¡, s¡d_p hqL$gp¡_¡ `Z v$gugp¡ L$fhp_u sL$ Ap`hpdp„ Aphu _ lsu.

Page 23 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 23

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡k.A¡k. r_S>S>f_u AÂensp ^fphsu b¡Q Üpfp A¡L$

QyL$pv$pdp„ S>Zphpey lsy L$¡, Arhðpk âõsph Üpfp rS>ëgp `„Qpes_p âdyM_¡ lV$phhp_p r_Z®e_¡

ep¡Áe S>Zphu_¡ cpfs_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ khp£ÃQ S>Zpìep lsp. khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ DÑfâv$¡i_p kusp`yf rS>ëgp

`„Qpes_p AÂen Djp cpfsu_u AfÆ `f Ap âL$pf_p¡ QyL$pv$p¡ S>Zpìep¡ lsp¡.

b¡„Q Üpfp `p¡sp_p a¢kgpdp„ S>Zphpey lsy L$¡, rS>‰p `„Qpes_p AÂen_¡ Arhðpk âõsph Üpfp

lV$phhp_u Å¡NhpB L$f_pf `„Qpesu fpS> Ar^r_ed ^pfp f8, k„rh^p__u rhê$Ý^dp„ _\u. Qy„V$pe¡gp

ârsr_r^ rhê$Ý^ Arhðpk âõÐpph gphhp_u Å¡NhpB _ aL$s k„h¡^pr_L$ R>¡ bëL$¡, s¡

S>_ârsr_r^Ap¡dp„ `pfv$ri®sp A_¡ S>hpbv$pfu `Z _L$Lu L$f¡ R>¡. `„Qpes AÂen Ðep„ ky^u `v$ `f L$pe®

L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. S>ep„ ky^u r_hp®QL$p¡_p¡ rhðpk âpá \e¡gp¡ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, B.k.1993dp„ k„rh^p_ k„ip¡^_ (73dy„) Ar^r_ed, 199f Üpfp `„Qpes

fpS>e k„õ\p_¡ k„h¡^pr_L$ dpÞesp Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡_p\u `„Qpes_¡ A¡L$ Nfudpde, Æh„s A_¡

DÑfv$peu gp¡L$p¡_p k„NW$__p¡ v$fSÅ¡ âpá \ep¡ R>¡. cpfsue k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 40dp„ fpS>ep¡_¡

`„Qpesp¡_u fQ_p_p¡ q_v$£i Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡.

A¡L$ rÓõsfue dpmMp_u õ\p`_p

à N°pd õsf¡ N°pd kcp_u õ\p`_p

à âÐe¡L$ `p„Q hj£ `„Qpesp¡_u r_erds Q|„V$Zu

à `„Qpesp¡dp„ drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ A¡L$ s©s]epi b¡W$L$p¡_u A_pds

à A_yk|rQs ÅrsAp¡/S>_ÅrsAp¡ dpV$¡ s¡d_u hksu_p A_y`psdp„ b¡W$L$p¡_u A_pds

à fpS>e Qy„V$Zu`„Q_u fQ_p

à `„Qpes r_r^Ap¡dp„ ky^pfp dpV$¡ D`pe v$ip®hhp_p l¡sykf fpS>e _pZp„ Apep¡Np¡_u

- 73dp„ k„ip¡^_ Ar^r_ed `„Qpesp¡_p kyipk__u k„õ\pAp¡ ê$`¡ L$pd L$fhp_p l¡sykf AphíeL$

iqL$sAp¡ A_¡ Ar^L$pf âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ fpS>e kfL$pf_¡ Ar^L$pf âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

cNhp_ îu fpd S>epf¡ 14 hj® h_hpk dpV$¡ âõ\p_ L$fu füp lsp Ðepf¡ Aep¡ÂephpkuAp¡ s¡d_¡

rhv$pe Ap`hp dpV$¡ S„>Ng ky^u Apìep lsp. îu fpd¡ _NfhpkuAp¡_¡ Al]\u `fs afhp sdpd _f-_pfu_¡

Apop Ap`sp s¡Ap¡ afsp aep® `f„sy AdyL$ gp¡L$p¡ `pR>p afhp s¥epf _ lsp L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ _f-_pfu _ lsp

qL$Þ_f lsp. s¡d_u cqL$s\u M|i \B îufpd¡ qL$Þ_fp¡dp„ v$¡hu iqL$s_y„ Apfp¡`Z L$ey® lsy. S>¡_p \L$u s¡Ap¡

L$p¡B`Z iycâk„N¡ gp¡L$p¡_p Of¡ S>B_¡ Apri®hpv$ Ap`hp gpÁep lsp. dlpcpfs L$pmdp„ `Z riM„X$u

_pd_p qL$Þ_f lsp. S>¥_ ^d® N°„\p¡dp„ `Z `yê$jh¡v, ÷uh¡v$ A_¡ _`y„kL$h¡v$ A¡hp ÓZ h¡v$ Üpfp qL$Þ_fp¡_p

AqõsÐh_¡ qõhL$pfpey R>¡.

hs®dp_ kde¡ Ap`Zp kdpS>dp„ qL$Þ_fp¡ sfa Ap`Z¡ L„$BL$ AgN _Tf\u S> Å¡hp gpÁep R>uA¡.

s¡Ap¡ Ap`Zu hÃQ¡ kdpS>dp„ fl¡sp lp¡hp R>sp s¡_¡ r^LL$pfhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ Of, _p¡L$fu L$¡ h¡`pf S>¡hu

bpbsp¡dp„ L$p¡B klL$pf Ap`hpdp„ Aphsp¡ _\u. `p¡sp_y„ NyS>fp_ Qgphhp L$¡V$gpL$¡ `p¡sp_u Ap¡mM

Ry>`phhu `X$¡ R>¡. cpfsdp„ Apif¡ 19 gpM S>¡V$gp qL$Þ_fp¡ hksp lp¡hp_p¡ A„v$pT R>¡. hksu NZsfu_p

Mp_pdp„ _f-_pfu_u L$p¡gd lp¡e R>¡. `f„sy qL$Þ_fp¡ dpV$¡ L$p¡B Å¡NhpB _ lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_u

Ap¡mM Ap`hpdp„ dyíL$¡gu `X$¡ R>¡. s¡ kqls `pk`p¡V®$, f¡i_L$pX®$, X2$pBthN gpekÞk krlsdp„ s¡d_u

Ap¡mM dpV$¡ L$p¡B kNhX$sp _\u.

lh¡ qL$Þ_fp¡_u dv$v$ dpV$¡ v$¡i_u khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Aphu R>¡. A„N°¡Å¡_p kde¡ OX$pe¡gp L$pev$pAp¡_¡

L$pfZ¡ rsfõL©$s b_¡gp qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ 1` A¡râg_p fp¡S> `p¡sp_p A¥rslprkL$ QyL$pv$pdp„

rg„N_u ÓuÆ î¡Zuê$`¡ dpÞesp âv$p_ L$fu R>¡. Þepepge¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡ qL$Þ_fp¡ kpdprS>L$ A_¡ Apr\®L$ ê$`¡

`R>ps R>¡. Þeped|rs® A¡k.fp^pL©$óZ_ A_¡ A¡.L$¡. kuL$fu_u b¡Q¡ `p¡sp_p QyL$pv$pdp„ L$¡ÞÖ A_¡ fpS>e

kfL$pfp¡_¡ q_v$¡®i Apàep¡ lsp¡ L$¡ Ap kdyv$pe_¡ kdpS>_u dy¿e^pfpdp„ gphhp dpV$¡ S>ê$fu Apfp¡Áe k¡hp,

rinZ A_¡ fp¡S>Npf D`gå^ L$fphhp S>ê$fu `Ngp cf¡.

μ qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ dsv$p_ L$pX®$, X2$pBthN gpekÞk, f¡i_L$pX®$, `pk`p¡V®$ S>¡hu kyrh^p Ap`hu.

μ v$¡icfdp„ qL$Þ_fp¡ âÐe¡ fMpsp c¡v$cph A_¡ DÐ`uX$_ `f khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ tQsp ìeL$s L$fu_¡

kfL$pf_¡ ep¡Áe D`Qpf L$fhp S>Zpìey.

μ kpdprS>L$ L$ëepZ ep¡S>_pAp¡_p dpÂed\u qL$Þ_fp¡ âÐe¡ ÅN©rs h^pfhp r_v$£i.

μ b„^pfZ_u L$gd 14, 15, 16, 19, 21_p Ap^pf¡ qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ v$¡idp„ kdp_ fl¡W$pZ, rinZ, _p¡L$fu

d¡mhhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡.

V2$p„õS>¢X$fp¡_¡ tgN_u ÓuÆ

î¡Zu õhê$`¡ dpÞesp ::

Arhðpk âõsph Üpfp rS>‰p `„Qpes AÂen_¡

lV$phhp_y„ ep¡Áe : khp£ÃQ Av$p$gs

73dp„ k„rh^p_ Ar^r_ed, 199f_u dy¿e Å¡NhpB ::

fQ_p

L$p¡gL$sp lpBL$p¡V®$_p kàV$¡çbf f01f_p A¡L$ r_Z®e `f dqlgp kfL$pfu L$d®Qpfu L$pL$gu Op¡j Üpfp

khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ A`pe¡gp `X$L$pf_p L$¡k `f khp¡®ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þeped|rs® A¡k.S>¡. dyMp¡`pÂepe

A_¡ hu.Np¡`pgp Np¥X$p_u `uW$¡ Ap`¡gp a¢kgpdp„ kfL$pfu drlgp L$d®QpfuAp¡_p bpmL$p¡_u v$¡Mf¡M dpV$¡ b¡

hj®_u fÅ_u A_ydrs âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. L$pL$gu Op¡j¡ `p¡sp_p `yÓ_u `funp_u s¥epfu dpV$¡ b¡

hj®_u fÅ_u dp„N L$fu lsu, S>¡_¡ kfL$pf¡ fv1$ L$fu lsu.

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ `p¡sp_p QyL$pv$pdp„ 1` A¡râg¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, r_ed 43-ku A_ykpf ANf

drlgp L$d®Qpfu b¡ kNuf he_p bpmL$ ^fph¡ R>¡. sp¡ `p¡sp_p `|Z® L$pe®L$pm v$fqdep_ A¡L$ kss b¡ hj®

A¡V$g¡ L$¡ 730 qv$hk_u fÅ gB iL$¡ R>¡. kp\¡ A¡hu `Z õ`óV$sp L$fu lsu L$¡, ku.ku.A¡g. fÅ_u

Ahr^_¡ 730 \u h^y `Z h^pfu iL$pe R>¡, Å¡ drlgp L$d®QpfuAp¡ `pk¡ AÞe fÅAp¡ S>dp `X$u lp¡e.

QyL$pv$p_u dy¿e bpbsp¡ : kfL$pfu drlgp L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ bpmL$p¡_u v$¡Mf¡M l¡sykf b¡ hj®_u fÅ_u A_ydrs

cpfs v$¡i_u khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ 1 A¡râg f014_p `p¡sp_p A¡L$ QyL$pv$pdp„ S>Zpìey R>¡ L$¡,

c°ô$pQpf_p dpdgpAp¡dp„ kfL$pf Üpfp A_ydp¡v_$ v$¡hpdp„ L$p¡B ÓyV$u L$¡ Ar_erdssp_p dpdg¡ `p¡sp_p

Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u rhê$Â^ V2$peg_¡ L$pfZ¡ A`fpr^L$ L$pe®hplu_¡ MpfuS> L$fhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf _ lp¡B iL$¡.

kfL$pfu Ar^L$pfuAp¡_¡ s¡_p¡ A_yrQs gpc DW$phhp_u A_ydrs Ap`u _ iL$pe. dy¿e Þepep^ui

`u.ksrihd_u AÂensp ^fphsu b¡Q¡ Ap Apv$¡i 3 dpQ® f011 A_¡ f3 dpQ® f01f_p rblpf

kfL$pf Üpfp b¡ AfÆAp¡_p k„v$c®çpp„ b¡Q Üpfp `kpf L$fpe¡g. S>¡dp„ `V$Zp lpBL$p¡V®$Þpp A¡ a¢kgp_¡

`X$L$pf A`pep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u rhê$Â^ A`fpq^L$ L$pe®hplu_¡ A¡hy L$lu_¡ fv$ L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g L$¡ d„S|>fu fpS>e_p L$p_|_ rhcpN¡ Ap`u R>¡ _lu L$¡ s¡_p d|m rhcpN¡.

kfL$pfu Ar^L$pfuAp¡_p V2$peg A_ydp¡v$_

ÓyV$u_¡ L$pfZ¡ fv$ _ L$fu iL$pe

`Ú_pcõhpdu d„qv$f_u s`pk dpV$¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp 24 A¡râg_p fp¡S> Av$pgs_p

Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡$Yp s\p Þeped|rs® A¡.L$¡. `V$_peL$_u M„X$`uW$¡ `|h® L$¡N rh_p¡v$ fpe_u q_dZ|„L$

L$fu R>¡. A_¡ d„qv$f_u rsÅ¡fu_u QphuAp¡ rsfyA_„s`yfd_p rS>ëgp S>S>_¡ kp¢`hp Apv$¡i L$fu_¡ d„qv$f_u

ìehõ\p ky^pfhp rsfyA_„s`yfd_p rS>ëgp S>S _u AÝenspdp„ Qpf kv$õep¡_u âipkr_L$ krdrs

fQhp Apv$¡i Apàep lsp.

`Ú_pcõhpdu d

„qv$f_u s`pk dpV$¡ Apv$¡i

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp fpÆh Np„^u lÐepL$p„X$_p¡

dpdgp¡ k„rh^p__u `uW$ `pk¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Apìep

¡

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp fpÆh Np„^u lÐepL$p„X$_p¡ dpdgp¡ 25 A¡râg_p fp¡S> k„rh^p__u `uW$ `pk¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap dpdgp¡

kps S>¡V$gp L$¥v$uAp¡_¡ ApÆh_ L$pfphpkdp„\u dyL$s L$fhp kp\¡ k„b„r^s R>¡. khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_u dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs®

`u.ksrihd_u AÝensp ^fphsu b¡Q Üpfp r_v$£i A`pep¡ lsp¡.

k„rh^p_ `uW$ Üpfp Ap dpdg¡ ÓZ dpkdp„ ky_phZu L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap Ahr^ v$frdep_ k„rh^p_ `uW$ dpdgp_u k„h¡^pr_L$sp_u

s`pk L$fi¡ L$¡, iy„ L$p¡B L$¥v$u_¡ L$¡ S>¡_¡ d©Ðeyv„$X$dp„\u ApÆh_ L$pfphpk_u kÅ bv$ghpdp„ Aphu lp¡e s¡_¡ kfL$pf dyL$s L$fu iL$¡ ?

cpfs_p dy¿e Þepep^ui_¡ k„h¡^pr_L$ rhr^_u dlÐh`|Z® bpbs_u rhjep¡ `f ky_phZu dpV$¡ A¡L$ k„rh^p_ `uW$ fQhp_p¡

Ar^L$pf R>¡. S>¡dp `p„Q L$¡ s¡\u h^y Þepep^ui lp¡B iL$¡ R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, srdg_pXy$_u S>egrgsp kfL$pf Üpfp 19 a¡by°Apfu_p fp¡S> fpÆh Np„^u lÐepL$p„X$_p v$f¡L$ kps L$¥v$uAp¡_¡ dyL$s

L$fhp r_Z®e g¡hpep¡ lsp¡.

L$¡hu s`pk L$fi¡ k„rh^p_ `uW$ ?

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ 24 A¡râg_p fp¡S> rõV„$N Ap¡`f¡i_

Üpfp L$p¡B_¡ akphhp dpV$¡ s¡_¡ âgp¡c_ Ap`hp `f khpgp¡

DW$pìep lsp¡. dy¿e Þepep^ui `u. ksrihd_u

AÝensp ^fphsu `uW$ Üpfp S>Zpìep dyS>b A`fp^u_¡

`L$X$hp dpV$¡ Ar_hpe® ê$`¡ v$Np¡ L$f_pf Arcep_ rõV„$N

Ap¡`f¡i_ r_[òs ê$`¡ _¥rsL$ A_¡ ApQfZ k„b„^u

khpg DW$ph¡ R>¡. `uqX$s L$¡ S>¡ buÅ âL$pf¡ r_v$p£j R>¡, s¡

Np¡`r_esp A_¡ `qf[õ\rs_p¡ cfp¡kp¡ d¡mhu_¡ A`fp^

L$fhp âgp¡c__p¡ riL$pf b_¡ R>¡, s¡_¡ A`fp^ L$fhp

D`kphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ap a¦kgpdp„ hj® 2003dp„ \e¡gp rõV„$N Ap¡`f¡i_dp„

sÐL$prg_ `ep®hfZ-h_ fpÄe d„Óu qv$gu`tkl S|>v$¡h

`pk¡ A¡L$ L$pe® L$fphhp gp„Q Ap`sp b¡ gp¡L$p¡ `f

A`fpr^L$ jX$e„Ó fQhp c°ô$pQpf dpV$¡ D`kphhp_p

Apfp¡`dp„ L$¡k Qgphhp dpV$¡ A_ydrs Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

rõV

„$N Ap

¡

`f¡i_ L$pev$¡kf fus _\u

bmpÐL$pf `uqX$sp_u Sy>bp_u ÞepreL$ d¡rS>õV2$¡V$ Üpfp f4 L$gpL$dp„ _p¢^phu Å¡BA¡ : khp£ÃQ Av$pgs

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þeped|rs® op_ ky^p rdîp A_¡ Þeped|rs® hu.Np¡`pgp Np¥X$p_u b¡Q Üpfp f9

A¡râg¡ `p¡sp_p A¡L$ QyL$pv$pdp„ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, bmpÐL$pf `uqX$sp_u Sy>bp_u f4 L$gpL$_u A„v$f `p¡rgk

Ar^L$pfuAp¡_p õ\p_¡ ÞepreL$ d¡ÆõV2$¡V$ Üpfp _p¢^phu Å¡BA¡,S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ L$pe®hpludp„ gpNsp¡ kde Ap¡R>p¡

\i¡.b¡Q Üpfp `p¡sp_p a¦kgpdp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b s`pk Ar^L$pfu Üpfp `uqXsp_u Sy>bp_u _p¢^hp

r_L$V$sd drlgp d¡V2$p¡`p¡rgV$_ d¡ÆõV2$¡V$ L$¡ drlgp ÞepreL$ d¡ÆõV2$¡V$$ kdn gB S>hu Å¡BA¡ A_¡ Sy>bp_u_u

ârsrg`u syf„s s`pk Ar^L$pfu_¡ kp¢`hu Å¡BA¡. s¡ ârsrgr`_¡ rhi¡j qv$ip q_v$£ip¡ kp\¡ s¡_¡ Ðep„ ky^u

L$p¡B ìeqL$s kdn âNV$ _ L$fhu Å¡BA¡ L$¡ S>ep„ ky^u v„$X$ âq3⁄4$ep k„rlsp ^pfp 173 A„sN®s `Ó qf`p¡V®$ fS|>

_ \pe.Av$pgs Üpfp A¡hy `Z S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡ L$¡ Å¡ Sy>bp_u _p¢^hpdp„ f4 L$gpL$\u h^y kde gpN¡

sp¡ s`pk Ar^L$pfuA¡ L$¡k X$pefudp„ s¡_¡ dpV$¡ S>hpbv$pf L$pfZp¡_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ fpMhp¡ Å¡Bi¡, A_¡ s¡_u A¡L$ âs

d¡rS>õV2$¡V$_¡ âõsys L$fhu `X$i¡.

L$pmp ^__u dprlsu d¡mhhp A¡k.ApB.V$u._u fQ_p

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡Q.A¡g. v$Ñy_u AÂensp ^fphsu `uW$ Üpfp 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> L$pmp^__u

dprlsu d¡mhhp dpV$¡ rhi¡j s`pk `„Q_u fQ_p L$fhp_u Op¡jZp \B R>¡. s¡_p AÂen sfuL$¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p k¡hp

r_h©Ñ Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡d.bu. ipl_u AÂen s\p Þeped|rs® AqfÆs `kpes_u D`pÂen sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fu

R>¡.

Page 24 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 24

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L$gp k„õL©$rs A_¡ eyhp rhcpN, rblpf kfL$pf, k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du A_¡

rblpf grgs L$gp AL$pv$du sfa\u k„eyL$s fus¡ qv$ëlu_p frhÞÖ ch_

`qfkfdp„ f6 \u f8 A¡râg v$frdep_ rblpf dlp¡Ðkh ep¡ÅB Nep¡.

dlp¡Ðkh_u iê$Aps rblpf fpS>eNus kp\¡ \B lsu. bpv$dp„ rblpf Np¥fh

Np_ kp\¡ Wy$dfu, f„Npf„N gp¡L$L$gp âv$i®_ A_¡ `pf„`pqfL$ ìeS„>_p¡_¡ dlp¡Ðkhdp„

kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. dlp¡Ðkhdp„ rhð ârkÂ^ epku_p dp¡V$p dp¡V$p L$V$-

ApDV$ kp\¡ d^yb_u `¡„qV„$N, rkL$L$u ApV®$ A_¡ Np ̧gOf d_¡f ifua S>¡hp rblpf_p

dil|f õ\mp¡_u sõhufp¡ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu s¡dS> d„QL$gp âv$i®_dp„

rblpf_y„ gp¡L$_©Ðe b_pfk ^fp_p A_¡ Nep ^fp_p_u Wy$dfu âv$ri®s \B lsu.

A¡ kp\¡ S> rblpfdp„ ârkÂ^ MpÛ `v$p\® Q|X$p-v$l], kÑy, rgË$u Qp¡Mp_p¡ Ap_„v$

`Z gp¡L$p¡A¡ d_cfu_¡ DW$pìep¡ lsp¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rblpf_u kp„õL©$rsL$ Ap¡mM_¡ `°v$ri®s L$fhp_p l¡sy\u

Apep¡rS>s \sp¡ rblpf dlp¡Ðkh B.k.f009dp„ L$p¡gL$psp Mps¡\u â\dhpf

âpf„c \ep¡ lsp¡. Ðepfbpv$ s¡ 3⁄4$di: Agplpbpv$, S>e`yf A_¡ Np¥lpÑu Mps¡ ep¡ÅB Q|L$ep¡ R>¡.

cpfsue rfTh® b¢L$

Þe|T `¡`f A¡S>ÞV$ A¡ÞX$ byL$k¡gf

dp¡lku_ d_kyfu

byL$ k¡gf A¡ÞX$ âL$piL$

Adv$phpv$ il¡fdp„ L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep d¡N¡qT__u Ry>V$L$-lp¡gk¡g L$p¡`u dpV$¡_p¡ k„`L®$

ê$õsdAgu_p¡ $Ypm, L$¡.bu. L$p¡d. k¡ÞV$f_u `pR>m,

Mp_`yf, Adv$phpv$

ap¡_: (079) 25510104

rh_p¡v$ A¡S>Þku

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep _uQ¡_p

õ\mp¡ `f D`gå^ R>¡

Ap_„v$cpB fpS>v$¡h

Nëk® lpBõLy$g `pk¡, smpÅ

iqL$s Þe|T A¡S>Þku

õV$¡i_ fp¡X$, smpÅ

L$¡kfu Þe|T A¡S>Þku

L$pmhp Qp¡L$ ,`p¡rgk Qp¡L$u_u bpSy>dp„,

S|>_pN$Y. dp¡.9408235284

Nyê$L©$`p Þe|T A¡S>Þku

dp¡subpN V$pD_ lp¡g kpd¡

cph_Nf. dp¡.9904072336

vy$^hpgp L$p ̧çàg¡n, iycd lp¡g _ÆL$, ApõV$p¡X$uep

QL$gp, Adv$phpv ap¡_:98f`03`9f8$

ârkÂ^ rlÞvy$ dlp¡Ðkh NZNp¥fdp„ cpN

g¡hp vy$r_ep_p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p n¡Óp¡dp„\u ÓZ qv$hk

ky^u `e®V$L$p¡ fpS>õ\p_ Apìep lsp. Ap sl¡hpf

fpS>õ\p_ kuhpe dÂeâv$¡i, lqfepZp A_¡

NyS>fpsdp„ `Z DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. sl¡hpf_u

DS>hZu rlÞvy$ L$¡g¡ÞX$f_p â\d dpk Q¥Ódp„

\pe R>¡.

NZNp¥f iåv$ b¡ iåv$p¡ NZ A_¡ Np¥f\u

b_¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ NZ_p¡ A\® cNhp_ rih A_¡

ÓZ qv$hkue NZNp¥f

sl¡hpf_u fpS>õ\p_dp„

DS>hZu

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p

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k

h

k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du A_¡ a¡gp¡ri`-f013

k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du_u õ\p`_p B.k.19`3dp„ \B lsu. S>¡ v$¡idp„ âv$i®_ L$gp_¡

âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp s\p s¡_p k„fnZ dpV$¡ S>hpbv$pf R>¡. AL$pv$du_u dy¿e Nrsrhr^Ap¡dp„

k„NusL$pfp¡, _s®L$p¡ A_¡ r\A¡V$f_p L$gpL$pfp¡_p ep¡Nv$p__u Ap¡mM L$fhu A_¡ s¡d_¡ a¡gp¡ri` A_¡

`yfõL©$s L$fhp_u R>¡. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy âv$i®_ L$gpdp„ dp`v„$X$ õ\pr`s L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

_©Ðe, _pV$L$ A_¡ k„Nus_p rhL$pk dpV$¡ Ap k„õ\p, Np¡[›$ep¡, k„Nus k„d¡g_p¡ A_¡ rhrh^

âZpguAp¡ `Z Apep¡Æs L$f¡ R>¡.

cpfs kfL$pf Üpfp õ\pr`s Ap AL$pv$du fpô2$ue õsf_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u AL$pv$du R>¡. s¡_u

õ\p`_p dpV$¡_p¡ r_Z®e A¡L$ k„kv$ue âõsph 1Üpfp õhpes k„õ\pê$`¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

B.k.1961dp„ ALpv$du_¡ c„N L$fu_¡ s¡_u _hp õhê$`¡ fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. B.k.1860_p

kp¡kpeV$uT fÆõV2$¡i__¡ Apr^_ s¡ fÆõV$X®$ \B s¡_u _hu `qfjv$ A_¡ L$pe®L$pqfZu krdrs fQpB.

k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du_u A¡L$ dlp `rfjv$ lp¡e R>¡. S>¡dp„ 48 kv$õe lp¡e R>¡. S>¡dp„\u ` kv$õe

cpfs kfL$pf `k„v$ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ A¡L$ rinZ d„Ópge, A¡L$ dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ d„Ópge s\p

kfL$pf Üpfp r_e|L$s _pZp„ kgplL$pf, 1-1 kv$õe âÐe¡L$ fpS>e kfL$pf_p, f-f ârsr_r^

gqgs L$gp AL$pv$du A_¡ kprlÐe AL$pv$du_p lp¡e R>¡. Ap fus¡ `k„v$ \e¡gp f8 kv$õe A¡L$

b¡W$L$dp„ f0 kv$õep¡_u Qy„V$Zu L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ k„Nus, _pV$L$, _©Ðe n¡Ó_p rh¿eps r_óZp„sp¡ lp¡e R>¡.

Ap fus¡ dlp`qfjv$ L$pe®L$pfZu_u Qy„V$Zu L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ 1` kv$õe lp¡e R>¡. kcp`rs_u `k„v$Nu

rinZ d„Ópge_u cgpdZ `f fpô2$`rs L$f¡ R>¡. S>epf¡ D`kcp`rs_u Qy„V$Zu dlp `rfjv$ L$f¡ R>¡.

AL$pv$du_p kp¥ â\d kcp`rs fpÅ dÞ_pf lsp. s¡dS> buÅ kcp`rs d¥k|f_p dlpfpÅ îu

S>eQpdfpS> hpX$epf lsp. k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du_y„ dy¿e d\L$ fhuÞÖ ch_, qafp¡Tpbpv$ fp¡X$

_hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

_hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ fpô2$`rs ch_dp„ 11 A¡râg¡ Apep¡Æs A¡L$ kdpfp¡l v$frdep_ cpfs_p

fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMÆ®_p lõs¡ hj® f013 dpV$¡ k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du a¡gp¡ri` (AL$pv$du

fÐ_) s\p AL$pv$du fÐ_ `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep lsp. a¡gp¡ri` A_¡ `yfõL$pf b„_¡ âv$i®_ L$gp_p

n¡Ódp„ L$gpL$pfp¡, rinL$p¡ A_¡ rhÜp_p¡_¡ s¡d_p DÑd âv$i®_ bv$g A¡_pes L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

AL$pv$du a¡gp¡ri` bv$g ÓZ gpM_u fL$d âv$p_ \pe R>¡. s\p k„Nus n¡Ódp„ k„Nus _pV$L$

AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf rhS>¡spAp¡_¡ A¡L$ gpM_u fp¡L$X$, A¡L$ ipg A_¡ spd°`Ó A¡_pes \pe R>¡.

(1) X$p ̧.L$_L$ f¡g¡

(f) Apf.kÐe_pfpeZ

(3) dl¡i A¡g Ly„$QOf

(1) âv$i®_ L$gpdp„ kdN° ep¡Nv$p_ A_¡ R>pÓh©rÑ d¥kyf : (1) hu.kyb°dÎed'

(f) A¡_.fpd_p\_

(f) qlÞvy$õsp_u Npe_ 1 : F$qÐhL$ kpÞepg A_¡ huZp lfu kl÷ byqÂ^

a¡gp¡ri`-f013 âv$p_ \B :

AL$pv$du a¡gp¡ri` rhS>¡sp :

k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp

`pf„`pqfL$ gp¡L$/Apqv$hpku _©Ðe, k„Nus A_¡

L$W$`ysmudp„ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g `yfõL$pf

(1) S>çdy-L$íduf_p gp¡L$ k„Nus : fpS>b¡Nd

(f) srdg_pXy$_p gp¡L$ k„Nus dpV$¡ : (1) V$u.A¡._p„v$ufph

(f) A¡_.Æhpfph

(3) hpÛe„Ó b_phhp bv$g : Nyê$v$epgtkl

(4) frhÞÖ k„Nus dpV$¡ : dp¡l_tkl Mp_Nyfp

(`) Akd_p V$p¡L$pfu Nus A_¡ v$¡cuQpfu Nus dpV$¡ : DdpL$p„s b¥fpNu

(6) L$W$`ysmu _©Ðe dpV$¡ : gugphsu A¡d.L$phu

(7) hpÛe„Ó b_phhp bv$g (sqdg_pXy$) : du_pnu L$¡.

(8) dlpfpô2$_p gp¡L$ r\A¡V$f dpV$¡ : i¡M qfepTyv«u_ Aåvy$gN_u

(3) rlÞvy$õsp_u hpÛ k„Nus : (1) lids AguMp_ (f) ^°ybp S>ep¡rs Op¡j

(4) L$Zp®V$L$ Npe_ k„Nus : (1) Aê$Zp kp„Bfpd, (f) l¥v$fpbpv$ b°^k®,

(3) X$u.fpOhp Qpfu

(5)L$Zp®V$L$ hpÛ k„Nus : (1) rÓQu i„L$fZ (f) rhê$rhTp S>ei„L$f

(6) Ap¡qX$ku k„Nus : b„qL$d k¡W$u

(1) cfs _pV$1ed : : (1)S>dy_p L©$óZp (f) bu.l¡fpçb_p\_

(f) L$Õ\L$ : fpS>îu rifL$¡

(3) L$\L$gu : L$gpd„X$gd A¡d.`u.A¡k. _„byrv$fu

(4) Ly$Qu`yX$u : tQsp kusp fd_ Å_¡eygy

(`) Ap¡qX$ku : k„Nuspv$pk

(6) kpqÑfue _©Ðe : îur_hpk f„NpQpqfef

(7) dfv$g Y$p¡g : ^_¡ðf õh¡_

(1) `V$L$\p : (1) fpd¡ðf â¡d (f) `y„X$rgL$ _pfpeZ _pBL$

(f) qv$Áv$i®_ : (1) L$dgpL$f dyfgu^f kp¡_fL$L$¡ (f) L$¡hg ^prghpg

(3) âkÞ_p fpdõhpdu

(3) Arc_e : (1) hk„s Å¡kpgL$f (f) Ly$kyd l¥v$f

(4) d¡L$A` : L©$óZp AS|®_ bp¡fL$pf

_©Ðe rhcpN_p k„Nus_pV$L$ AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf

r\A¡Vf$dp„ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf

Page 25 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 25

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Ad¡qfL$p_p hprZS>e rhcpN_p A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u. Üpfp A¡r`°g_p â\d kápl

v$frdep_ A¡L$ _hu ApqÎhL$ OX$uepm ku.ApB.A¡k.V$u.-F2 _¡ gp¢Q L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ap OqX$epm_¡ _hp Ad¡qfL$u kde A_¡ Aph©rÑ kp\¡ hs®dp_ A¡_.ApB.A¡k.-F1 dp`v„$X$

kp\¡ qX$TpB_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

B.k.1901dp„ õ\`pe¡gy A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u. hs®dp_ kde¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p hprZS>e

rhcpN_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ R>¡. S>¡ v$¡i_u kp¥\u S|>_u cp¥rsL$ rhop_ âep¡NipmpAp¡ `¥L$u_u A¡L$ R>¡.

HÁg¡ÞX$, S>d®_u A_¡ AÞe buÅ Apr\®L$ ârsõ`^}Ap¡_¡ gX$s Ap`hp dy¿e rh^u_¡ vy$f

L$fhp dpV$¡ L$p¢N°¡k Üpfp s¡_u õ\p`_p \B lsu.

A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u. _p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ Apif¡ 300 rdrge_ hj®dp„ Ap OX$uepmdp„

k¡L$ÞX$_p¡ h^pfp¡ L$¡ OV$pX$p¡ \i¡ _lu. L$pfZ L$¡, s¡ `p¡sp_u `|h®hs} A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u.-F1

L$fsp ÓZ NZu kQp¡V$ R>¡. A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u.-F1 B.k.1999\u dp`v„$X$ õhê$`¡ L$pe®fs

R>¡. b„_¡ OqX$epmdp„ k¡L$ÞX$dp„ kV$uL$ A„sfpg dp`hp dpV$¡ kurS>ed `fdpÏ_p¡ D`ep¡N

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u._p h¥opr_L$p¡_p¡ v$php¡ R>¡ L$¡ bu.ApB.`u.A¡d. dyS>b _hu

OX$uepm_p¡ X$¡V$p rhð_p¡ kp¥\u kQp¡V$ kde dp_L$ R>¡.

« bu.ApB.`u.A¡d.äp„kdp„ `¡qfk _ÆL$ Aph¡gy R>¡.

« kdqÞhs h¥[ðL$ kde (e|.V$u.ku.)„ Ap„sffpô2$ue dp_L$ kde v$ip®hhp dpV$¡ A¡S>Þku

ApqÎhL$ OX$uepmp¡ `pk¡\u S> Ap„L$X$p g¡su lp¡e R>¡.

« hs®dp_ kde¡ rhðdp„ k¡gap¡_, Æ.`u.A¡k., k¡V$¡gpBV$ fuqkhk®, Bg¡L$V2$uL$ `phf rN°X$

S>¡hu V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ ApqÎhL$ OX$uepmp¡_u DÃQ âL$pf_u Qp¡L$L$ksp `f r_c®f R>¡.

_uef BõV$_® õV$X$uS>dp„ âL$pris \e¡gu ÅZL$pfu dyS>b `yfpsÐhrhv1p¡A¡ A¡râg_p â\d kápldp„

Apif¡ 3`00 hj® S|>_p L$¡ëkpBV$_p `Õ\f_p Vy$L$X$p_p b_¡gp rigpg¡M_u ip¡^ L$fu lsu. rigpg¡M_u

b„_¡ sfa A„qL$s n¥rsS> f¡MpAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡.

riL$pNp¡ e|r_hrk®V$u_p Ap¡qfA¢V$g BqÞõV$V$1e|V$_p _pqv$_u dp¡Bëgf A_¡ fp ̧bV®$ qfV$1_f¡ 40 gpB__p

Ap rigpg¡M_p¡ A_yhpv$ L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡„, s¡ AkpdpÞe dp¥kd_p duÅS> rhj¡ S>Zph¡ R>¡.

Ap qf`p¡V®$_¡ "V$¡ç`¡õV$ õV$¡gp' _pd âv$p_ \ey R>¡. A_¡ dp_hpdp„ Aphu füy R>¡ L$¡ s¡ âpQu_ dÂe`|h®

L$pm3⁄4$d rhj¡ _hp kbys S>Zphi¡. `yfpsÐhrhv$1p¡_p v$php âdpZ¡ Ap ip¡^\u dprlsu dm¡ R>¡ L$¡, a¡Afp¡

Aldp¡k_y„ ipk_ rd÷dp„ \¡fp rhõap¡V$_u Apk`pk lsy.

D`N°l k¢qV$_g-1A gp¢Q \ep

¡

`©Õhu_u v$¡Mf¡M Ap`rÑ-fpls L$pe® klpedp„ S>mhpey `qfhs®_ A_¡ `ep®hfZue nrs_u

×[ô$A¡ klpesp âv$p_ L$fsp D`N°l k¢qV$_g-1A 3 A¡râg_p fp¡S> e|fp¡` Üpfp e|fp¡`ue õ`¡k

A¡S>Þku (B.A¡k.A¡.) L$p¡ê$, ä„¡Q Nyep_p kp¡e|S> fp¡L$¡V$\u R>p¡X$hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

lpBV$¡L$ D`N°lp¡_p kd|l_p¡ â\d D`N°l k¢qV$_g 1-A¡ f.f V$_ hS>_ ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡ hpv$m

c¡v$u fX$pf\u `©Õhu_u s`pk L$fi¡. `.19 AbS> Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf (3.786 e|fp¡)_u L$p¡`f r_L$k

`qfep¡S>_p L$¡ S>¡, B.A¡k.A¡. A_¡ e|fp¡`ue k„O (B.e|.)_y„ A¡L$ k„eyL$s D`3⁄4$d R>¡. s¡_p A„sN®s

r_rd®s A_¡ gp¢Q L$fpe¡gp AX$^p X$T_ Ap¡rb®V$g dp¡r_V$k® `¥L$u â\d R>¡. DX$p_ cep® `R>u$

k¢qV$_g-1A fp ̧L$¡V$_p D`fu QfZ\u `p¡sp_¡ AgN L$fu qg^p bpv$ ApNm s¡_y„ A_ykfZ hj®

f01`_p A„s ky^udp„ gp¢Q \_pf s¡_p `pV®$_f k¢qV$_g-1B Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

k¢qV$_g-1 c|rd A_¡ dlpkpNfue v$¡Mf¡M_p¡ dy¿e Dv«¡i ^fphsp¡ b¡ D`N°lp¡_p¡ A¡L$ kd|l R>¡.

Ap rdi__y„ gÿe B.Apf.A¡k.-f _u k¡hpr_h©s A_¡ A¡_rhk¡V$ rdi__u kdp[á bpv$ ku- b¢X$ A¡k.A¡.Apf. L$p ̧qÞV$Þe|BV$u D`gå^ L$fphhp_y„ R>¡. Ap gn_¡ `|Z® L$fhp dpV$¡ D`N°l

`p¡sp_u kp\¡ A¡L$ ku.A¡k.A¡.Apf. k¢kf \B_¡ Apìey R>¡. S>¡ v$f¡L$ dp¥kd-qõ\rsAp¡dp„ dÂed

A_¡ DÃQ qfÅ¡ëe|i_ Bd¡rS„>N âv$p_ L$fi¡. ku.A¡k.A¡.Apf. _pBV$-Bd¡S>fu d¡mhhp A_¡

S>du_ `f g^y Nrsrhr^Ap¡_u dprlsu d¡mhhp knd R>¡. S>¡ s¡_¡ c|rd A_¡ dlpkpNfue v$¡Mf¡M

dpV$¡ D`ep¡Nu b_ph¡ R>¡.

k¢qV$_g-1 L$p¡`fr_L$k- `l¡g_p dpmMpdp„ kpd¡g R> qdi_p¡ `¥L$u_p¡ R>¡. A_¡ k¢qV$_g- 1A s\p k¢qV$_g-1B _pd_u b¡ `p¡gf-Ap¡rb®qV„$N D`N°lp¡_p kd|l\u b_¡gy R>¡. Ap b„_¡

D`N°l A¡L$S> Ap¡rb®V$g rhdp__¡ i¡Af L$fu_¡ qv$hk-fps L$pe®fs flu A¡k.A¡.Apf. Bd¡rS„>N_y„

L$pe® L$fi¡.

Ü kdyÖu bfa-n¡Óp¡ A_¡ ApL®$qV$L$ `ep®hfZ_u v$¡Mf¡M

Ü c|rd k`pV$u_p Å¡Mdp¡_u v$¡Mf¡M

Ü dp¥kd_u |`|hp®_ydp_- âZpguAp¡dp„ kdyÖu bfa_p Ap¡åSh£i__y„ ApÐdkpn$fZ

ÜkdyÖu kyfnp dpV$¡ s¡g Y$p¡mphp `f _Tf fpMhp A_¡ A¡hp S>lpS>_u dprlsu d¡mhhp kqls

`ep®hfZ_u v$¡Mf¡M.

Ü c|qd k`pV$uAp¡_u d¡t`N : h_, S>m A_¡ dpV$u, hl_ue L©$rj.

Ü k„L$V$_u `rfqõ\rsAp¡dp„ dp_hue klpesp_p kd\®_dp„ dp_rQÓ.

L$p¡`fr_L$k â\d `ep®hfZ kyfnp dpV$¡ h¥[ðL$ v$¡Mf¡M$ (Ágp¡bg dp¡r_V$f]N ap ̧f

A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV$ A¡ÞX$ rkL$e|qfV$u A\p®s-Æ.A¡d.B.A¡k.) _pd\u ÅZusy lsy. s¡ e|fp¡`ue

k„O_p¡ `©Õhu q_qfnZ A_¡ v$¡Mf¡M L$pe®3⁄4$d R>¡. S>¡ dp¡S>yv$ fpô2$ue A_¡ e|fp¡`ue ndspAp¡ `f

r_rd®s \B füp¡ R>¡. A_¡ _hu BçäpõV2$L$Qf s\p k¡hpAp¡ õ\pr`s L$fu fl¡g R>¡.

k¢qV$_g-1 rhj

¡

:

k¢qV$_g_u k¡hpAp¡

L$p¡`fr_L$k

Ad¡qfL$pA¡ rhð_u kp¥\u kV$uL$ OX$uepm

A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u.-F2 gp¢Q L$fu

_¡i_g BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a õV$pÞX$X®$ A¡ÞX$ V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ (A¡_.ApB.A¡k.V$u.)

L$¡hu R>¡ OX$uepm ?

vy$r_ep_u kp

¥\u S|>_u dp

¥kd qf`p

¡V®$ rd÷ Mps

¡\u dmu Aphu

Þe|ep¡L®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ tk\¡qV$L$ 3⁄4$p¡dp ̧Tp¡d s¥epf L$fhp_u

Op¡jZp L$fu_¡ S>¥rhL$ A¡qÞS>r_ef]N A„sN®s â\d tk\¡V$uL$ NZk|Ó

(3⁄4$p¡dp¡Tp¡d) s¥epf L$ey® lsy.

õdpV®$ap¡__¡ dpÓ 30 k¡L$ÞX$ S>¡V$gp kdedp„ QpS®> L$fu v$¡su b¡V$fu BTfpe¡g_p õV$p ̧fX$p ̧V$

Üpfp rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap _¡_p¡X$p ̧V$1k b¡V$fu_¡ s¡gAhuhdp„ ep¡Åe¡gp dpB3⁄4$p¡kp¡aV$

t\L$ _¡L$k rkç`p¡rS>eddp„ 8 A¡râg¡ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

_¡_p¡-b¡V$fu `¡àV$pBX$1k sfuL$¡ ÅZusp A¡rd_p¡ A¡rkX$_u _p_u î©„Mgp\u b_u R>¡.

dlÐh`|Z® fpkperZL$ NyZp¡ kp\¡ s¡_p¡ ìepk b¡ _¡_p¡duV$f R>¡.

_p_p ApL$pf_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡ Bg¡L$V2$p¡X$ L$¡`¡qk¡V$¢k A_¡ Bg¡L$V2$p¡gpBV$ âvi®__¡ DÑd b_phhp

dv$v$ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

μ s¡ `|Z® fus¡ qX$õQpS®> \e¡gu b¡V$fu_¡ L$gpL$p¡_¡ bv$g¡ k¡„L$ÞX$p¡dp„ `|Z® fus¡ QpS®> L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

μ Ap âL$pf_u b¡V$fu_p¡ DÐ`pv$_ MQ® `Z Ap¡R>p¡ Aph¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L$¡ _¡_p¡X$p¡V$1k âL©$rsdp„

cf`|f dpÓpdp„ fl¡gy R>¡. A_¡ k¡ëa A¡k¢bgu dpV$¡ s¡ byr_epv$u bpep¡gp¡rS>L$g

rdL$¡r_Td_p¡ D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡.

μ s¡ AÞe L$hp¡„V$d-X$p¡V$ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ AÞe _¡_p¡ X$p¡V$1k_u syg_pA¡ `ep®hfZ

A_yLy$msp ^fph¡ R>¡. s\p rb_ T¡fu R>¡.

μ _¡_p¡ X$p¡V$1k _hu `¡Y$u_y„ Bg¡L$V2$p¡X$p¡V$1k R>¡ S>¡dp„ dëV$u a„L$i_ Bg¡L$V2$p¡X$ lp¡e R>¡.

BTfpeg_p õV$p¡fX$p ̧V$ Üpfp

õdpV®$ap¡__¡ 30 k¡L$ÞX$dp„ QpS®>

L$fsu A¡L$ _hu b¡V$fu rhL$rks Bkfp¡ Üpfp 4 A¡râg_p fp¡S> kp„S>¡ `p„Q_¡ 14 rdr_V$¡ Ap„^°âv$¡i_p îulqfL$p¡V$p_p ksuj ^h_

A„sqfn L$¡ÞÖ Mps¡\u ^°yhue D`N°l ân¡`Zep_ `u.A¡k.A¡g.hu. ku-f4 Üpfp v$¡i_p¡ buÅ¡ n¡Óue

v$¡Mf¡M D`N°l ApB.Apf.A¡_.A¡k.A¡k. 1B ân¡r`s L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ap D`N°l õ\m, S>m A_¡

hpeydp„ qv$ip r_v$£i, qX$TpõV$f âb„^_, hpl_p¡_u V2$¡qL„$N A_¡ b¢X$_p âb„^_dp„ cpfs A_¡ s¡_p 1`00

qL$gp¡duV$f_p v$pefpdp„ qfeg V$pBd `p¡Tui_ A_¡ V$pBtdN_u kV$uL$ ÅZL$pfu Ap`i¡ s\p s¡_¡

dp¡bpBg ap¡_ kp\¡ Å¡X$u_¡ d¡t`N krls L$¡V$gpe¡ L$pep£ L$fi¡.

D`N°l_y„ hS>_ 143f qL$gp¡N°pd A_¡ L$pe®L$pm 10 hj® R>¡. ApB.Apf.A¡_.A¡k.A¡k. î©„Mgp_p

kps D`N°lp¡ `¥L$u buÅ¡ R>¡. Ap î©„Mgp_p¡ â\d D`N°l ApB.Apf.A¡_.A¡k.A¡k.-1A Sy>gpB

f013dp„ `°n¡r`s \ep¡ lsp¡.

D`N°l ApB.Apf.A¡

_.A¡k.A¡k. 1B ân¡r`s

L$Zp®V$L$_p b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ dy¿ed\L$ ^fphsp B.k.1969dp„ õ\`pe¡gp cpfs_p fpô2$ue A„sqfn

ip¡^ k„õ\p "Bkfp¡' Üpfp k„Qpf D`N°l B_k¡V$ 3E _p¡ D`ep¡N 1 A¡râg\u b„^ L$fu v$¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

Ap k„Qpf D`N°l 10 hj® A_¡ 6 dpk_p¡ `p¡sp_p¡ r_^p®fus L$pe®L$pm `|Z® L$fu_¡ L$pe® L$fsy b„^ \B Ney

lsy. B.k.f009 \u s¡_p 36 `¥L$u f` V2$p„k`p¢X$f S> ep¡Áe fus¡ L$pe® L$fu füp lsp.

tk\¡qV$L$ 3⁄4$p

¡

dp

¡Tp

¡

d s¥epf L$fhp_u Ål

¡fps

Bkfp

¡ Üpfp k

„

Qpf D`N°l B_k¡V$ 3E _p

¡ D`ep

¡

N b

„

^

A¡râg dpk v$fqdep_ lpV®$åguX$ _pd_p A¡L$ _hp Ap ̧_gpB_ kyfnp Msfp_u ip¡^ L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡. S>¡ rhðcf_p HV$f_¡V$ h`fpiL$sp®Ap¡_u Ap ̧_gpB_ kyfnp `f ârsL|$m âcph âkpfu füp¡

R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ D`ep¡NL$sp® `p¡sp_u Np¡`_ue ÅZL$pfu Mp¡B iL$¡ R>¡. Ap kdõep AÐepf¡ sp¡ dpÓ

Ap¡`_ A¡k.A¡k.A¡g. L$¡ S>¡ A¡k.A¡k.A¡g./V$u.A¡g.A¡k._y„ A¡L$ k„õL$fZ R>¡. s¡_p ky^u S> kuqds

R>¡. `f„sy h¡bkpBV$p¡dp„ s¡ dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

lpV®$åguX$ _pd_p A¡L$ _hp Ap

̧

_gpB_ kyfnp Msfp_u ip

¡^

fpkperZL$ NyZ :

Page 26 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 26

Økss `p„Q qv$hk ky^u L$p¡B`Z âL$pf_p H^Z hNf rhðdp„ c°dZ L$fu iL$¡ s¡hy qõhk `pegV$ Ap„Ö¡ bp¡fibN®

A_¡ bfV2$¥X$ r`L$L$pX®$ Üpfp rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gy kp¥f rhdp_ kp¡gpf H`ëk-f_y„ A_phfZ qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$_p `pe¡_£

A¡f ap¡k® b¡T `f 13 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy„.

Ø rhdp_dp„ 17,000 kp¥f b¡V$fuAp¡ gpN¡gu R>¡, S>¡ rhdp__¡ DÅ® `|fu `pX$¡ R>¡.

Ø rhdp__y„ hS>_ dpÓ f.`4 V$_ R>¡.

Ø ârs L$gpL$ 140 qL$gp¡duV$f_u TX$`¡ DX$u iL$¡ R>¡.

Ø fpÓ¡ DX$p_ cfu iL$¡ R>¡.

Ø rhdp_dp„ Ap¡V$p¡ `pBgV$,A¡L$ V$p¡Bg¡V$, rbT_¡k L$gpk_u Apfpdv$peL$ kuV$ s\p h^y S>Áep ^fphsu L$p¡L$`uV$_u

kyrh^p R>¡.

kp¥f d„X$mdp„ fl¡gp buÅ _„bf_p kp¥\u dp¡V$p iq_ N°l `f A¡L$

dlÐh`|Z® OV$_p b_hp_u k„cph_pAp¡ S>ZpB flu R>¡. _pkp_p L$¡ku_u

leyS>¡_ AhL$piu s`pk Aqcep_ v$frdep_ A¡hu dprlsu kpd¡ Aphu R>¡ L$¡

ir_N°l Üpfp A¡L$ _hp Q„Ö (D`N°l)_¡ S>Þd Ap`hpdp„ Aphu iL$¡ R>¡.

ApNpdu A¡hp Ap D`N°l_¡ h¥opr_L$p¡ Üpfp "`¡ÁNu' _pd `Z âv$p_ \B

QyL$ey R>¡. _pkp_¡ k¡V$¡gpBV$ sõhufp¡ Üpfp Ap OV$_p_p k„L$¡sp¡ `Z âpá \ep

R>¡. S>¡ dyS>b V|„$L$ kdedp„ ir__p D`N°lp¡_u hs®dp__u Ly$g 60 S>¡V$gu

k„¿epdp„ h^pfp¡ \B iL$¡ R>¡. MNp¡mip÷u L$pg® d¡f¡_p ds¡ L$v$pQ _hp

D`N°l_p S>Þd_u k„`|Z® âq3⁄4$ep Å¡hp dmi¡.

k|e®\u A„sfdp„ R>Ì$p 3⁄4$d¡ fl¡gp¡ N°l ApL$pfdp„ kp¥f d„X$m_p¡ buÅ

_„bf_p¡ N°l R>¡. S>¡_p¡ ìepk 1,f0,`00 qL$gp¡duV$f R>¡. A_¡ s¡_y„ kye®\u

A„sf 14f.7 L$fp¡X$ qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gy R>¡. kp¥f d„X$mdp„ iq_ A¡hp¡ A„rsd

N°l R>¡, S>¡_¡ Ap„Mp¡ hX$¡ Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. k|e®âL$pi_p¡ 1/100dp¡ cpN N°l

`f `X$¡ R>¡. ir__p Nyê$ÐhpL$j®Zdp„\u r_L$mhp dpV$¡ 3f qL$gp¡duV$f ârs

k¡L$ÞX$_u Nrs AphíeL$ R>¡.

ir_N°l_¡ k|e® afsu `qf3⁄4$dp L$fsp 30 hj® S>¡V$gp¡ kde gpN¡ R>¡.

ir_N°l_u dy¿e rhi¡jsp A¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡_p rhjyhh©rÑe âv$¡i_u Qpf¡ sfa N¡k

rldL$Z A_¡ _p_p-_p_p _L$L$f QË$p_p¡_p Vy$L$X$pAp¡_p¡ O¡fp¡ fl¡gp¡ R>¡. iq_

`f dy¿eÐh¡ lpBX2$p¡S>_ A_¡ lurged N¡k Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. s¡dS> du\¡_ A_¡

A¡dp¡q_ep `Z Ap¡R>u dpÓpdp„ AqõsÐh ^fph¡ R>¡.

AÐepf ky^udp„ ir__p 60 D`N°lp¡ ip¡^pep R>¡. S>¡dp„ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡

D`N°l "V$pBV$_' R>¡. S>¡ by^ N°l S>¡V$gp¡ ApL$pf ^fph¡ R>¡. AÞe D`N°lp¡dp„

dudpk, A¡_kugpXy$, V$¡r\k, X$uAp¡_, fuep, lpB`¡rfe_, Bep`¡V$1k A_¡

ap¡b¡ D‰¡M_ue R>¡. ap¡b¡ D`N°l ir__u L$npdp„ afhp_u rh`qfs qv$ipdp„

`qf3⁄4$dp L$f¡ R>¡. "V$pBV$_' `f _pBV2$p¡S>_ue hpsphfZ A_¡ lpBX2$p¡L$pb®_

dmu Apìe¡ R>¡, S>¡ b„_¡_u lpS>fu_¡ L$pfZ¡ Æh__u iL$esp Å¡hp dmu R>¡.

`f„sy Al] Æh__y„ AqõsÐh _\u.

hp¡e¡S>f-1 Üpfp ops \ey R>¡ L$¡ ir_ N°l_p hge lÅfp¡ k`}gu

sf„Np¡_u `Ë$uAp¡ R>¡. S>¡_u ÅX$pB 100 ayV$ R>¡.

ir__p¡ _hp¡ Q„Ö "`¡ÁNu'

ir_N°l :

ir__p D`N°lp¡ :

Ad¡qfL$p_p õV$¥_ap¡X®$ X$¡Bgudp„ A¡râg dpkdp„ âL$pris ip¡^ dprlsu dyS>b õV$¥_ap¡X®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_p h¥opr_L$p¡_u

d_y âL$pi_y„ _¡s©Ðh ^fphsu V$ud¡ kõsy dpB3⁄4$p¡õL$p¡`-ap¡ëX$õL$p¡` (ap¡[ëX„$N qX$TpB__¡ L$pfZ¡) rhL$rks L$fhpdp„

Apìey R>¡.

ap¡ëX$õL$p¡` L$pNm\u b_¡gy R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p ÓZ cpN R>¡. (1) L$pNm_u A¡L$ `Q} S>¡ õgpBX$ ê$`¡ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p

`f _d|_p¡ fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (f) v$X$p ApL$pf_p g¢k dpV$¡ õgpBX$ (3) A¡g.B.X$u. gpBV$ v$¡_pf Vy$L$X$p¡, `rfnZ dpV$¡

Aph_pf hõsy_u `funpdp„ dv$v$ L$fhp dpV$¡.

ap¡ëX$õL$p¡`_p¡ D`ep¡N `f„`fpNs dpB3⁄4$p¡õL$p¡`_u S>¡d S> D`ep¡NL$sp®_¡ _d|_p¡ Å¡hp dpV$¡ Ap„Mp¡_¡ g¢k_u _ÆL$

fpMhp_u lp¡e R>¡. D`ep¡NL$sp® A„N|W$p Üpfp R>bu_¡ O|dphhp, h^pfhp A_¡ r_e„rÓs L$fhp D`ep¡N \B iL$¡ R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_u A„sqfn A¡S>Þku _pkp_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ ^fsu_p ApL$pf_p A¡L$ _hp N°l "L$¡`gf-186-

F' _u ip¡^ _pkp_p "L$¡`gf õ`¡k V$¡guõL$p¡`'_p D`ep¡N\u A¡râg dpk v$frdep_ L$fu R>¡.

`©Õhu\u Apif¡ `00 âL$pihj® v|$f Ap _hp¡ N°l `pZu A_¡ Æh__¡ A_yL|$m `qfqõ\rs ^fphsp¡

lp¡hp_u k„cph_pAp¡ R>¡. Ap N°l `©Õhu_p kp¥f d„X$m\u AgN buÅ kp¥f d„X$mdp„ `p¡sp_p k|e®_u Qpf¡

sfa A¡hu L$npdp„ `qf3⁄4$dp L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ Ap N°l\u dÂed A„sf¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_p `f `pZu_y„ AqõsÐh

lp¡hp_u k„cph_p R>¡.

hge

ap¡ëX$õL$p¡` : Ap¡R>p¡ MQ® ^fphsp dpB3⁄4$p¡õL$p¡`_p¡ AprhïL$pf

kp¥f rhdp_ kp¡gpf H`ëk-f_y„ A_phfZ

^fsu_p ApL$pf_p

¡

N°l L$¡

`gf -186-F _u ip

¡^

â\dhpf d¡g¡qfep `fÆhu_p

Æ_p¡d_y„ 3X$u dp ̧X$g b_phpey

L$¡rgap¡r_®ep e|r_hrk®V$u fuhfkpBX$_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ â\dhpf dp_h

d¡g¡qfep `fÆhu Æ_p¡d_y„ 3X$u dp ̧X$g b_pìey lsy. Ap dp ̧X$g `fÆhu_p

Æh_Q3⁄4$_p ÓZ AgN AgN QfZp¡dp„ b_phpey R>¡. S>¡dp _hu d¡g¡qfep

rhfp¡^u v$hpAp¡_u Ap¡mM L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ dmi¡. Ap ip¡^ Æ_p¡d qfkQ®

S>f_gdp„ 16 A¡râg¡ âL$pris \B lsu.

gpBL$p spfpd„X$mdp„ A¡L$ õh-hunZ

eyÁdspfp âZpgu_u ip¡^ L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡. eyÁdspfp âZpgu A¡L$ A¡hy

õ\p_ lp¡e R>¡, S>ep„ b¡ spfp A¡V$gp

r_L$V$ lp¡e R>¡ L$¡, `p¡sp_u

Nyê$ÐhpL$j®Z_u A„s: q3⁄4$epAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

Öìedp__p A¡L$ kpdpÞe L$¡ÞÖ_u

L$np_p Q1⁄2$f gNph¡ R>¡. Ap ip¡^

eyÁdspfp âZpgu_p AÝee__u _hu

`Ý^rsAp¡_p dpN®_¡ âiõs L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap ip¡^ hp¡tiÁV$_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p N°l ip¡^ L$¡`gf A„sqfn

vy$frb__p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu_¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. KOI--3278 _p b¡ spfp Apif¡ 2600 âL$pi hj® vy$f

Aph¡gp R>¡. S>¡ v$f¡L$ 88.18 qv$hkp¡dp„ A¡L$buÅ_u `qf3⁄4$dp L$f¡ R>¡.

"kpe„k' _pd_p S>_®gdp„ 18 A¡râg¡

âL$pris \e¡gu dprlsu âdpZ¡ MNp¡m

rhop_u rhÛp\} A¡\_ 3⁄4|$S> Üpfp

KOI--3278 : gpBL$p spfpd

„

X$mdp

„

A¡L$ õh-hunZey

Ádspfp âZpgu dmu Aphu

`[òrd Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep_p _p ̧k®d¡__p DÑfdp„ g¡L$ L$p¡hp__u k`pV$u `f 22

A¡râg_p fp¡S> M__ L„$`_u_p kh£nZ v$frdep_ A¡L$ M_uS> dmu Aphu

lsu. S>¡_¡ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgepB M_uS> h¥opr_L$ A„X2$e| A_¡ q3⁄4$õV$u_ `yV$r_k_y„ _pd

âv$p_ \ey lsy. Ap _hy M_uS> k„fQ_p A_¡ k„ep¡S>_dp„ vy$r_epdp„ AÐepf

ky^u_p ip¡^pe¡gp 4000 M_uÅ¡ L$fsp rbgLy$g AgN R>¡. s¡dp õV2$p ̧qÞV$ed,

L$¡[ëied, 3⁄4$p¡rded, këaf, L$pb®_, Ap¡L$kuS>_ A_¡ lpBX2p¡S>__y„ b¡lv$

AkpdpÞe k„ep¡S>_ R>¡. Ap M_uS> 0.5 rdguduV$f ìepk_p _p_p q3⁄4$õV$g

ê$`¡ ÄhpmpdyMu `f dmu Apìey lsy. JXu gugu A_¡ ka¡v$ QË$p_ `f Nygpbu

f„N_p ^pbp ê$`¡ dmu Aph¡gy Ap M_uS> dpB3⁄4$p¡õL$p¡`dp„ Å¡hp\u O_ ApL$pf¡

q3⁄4$õV$g S>¡hy v$¡Mpe R>¡.

h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ `yV$r_kpBX$ _pd_p Mr_S>_u ip¡^ L$fu

Ad¡qfL$u A„srfn A¡S>Þku _pkp_y„ Q„Ö AÂee_ ep_ "g¥X$u' f1

A¡râg¡ vy$O®V$_pN°õs \ey R>¡. Q„Ödp_y„ hpsphfZ A_¡ ^|mL$Zp¡_p

`ep®hfZue AÂee_ dpV$¡ fhp_p \e¡gy Ap ep_ Q„Ö_u k`pV$u `f

vy$O®V$_pN°õs \ey lsy. S>¡ A¡râg f014_u iê$Apsdp„ S> Nrsiug \ey

lsy. A„rsdhpf Ap ep__¡ 11 A¡râg¡ f014_p ân¡`Z s\p kyr_[òs

L$fhp_u qv$ipdp„ r_v$£ris L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

_pkp_y„ Q„Ö AÂee_ ep_ "g¥X$u' vy$O®V$_pN°õs

bp¡õV$_ X$pe_prdL$k Ap ̧a ey.A¡k.A¡. Üpfp A¡V$gk _pdL$ A¡L$ Apv$d

L$v$ dp_huL$©s fp ̧bp¡V$ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. s¡ dp_hu dpV$¡ Msf_pL$

õ\m¡ `Z S>B iL$i¡, s¡ A¡L$ dp_hue diu_ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ D`ep¡N D`ep¡N

âpL©$rsL Ap`v$pAp¡ kde¡ bQph L$pdNufu dpV$¡ L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

A¡V$gk _pd_p¡ A¡L$

Apv$d L$v$ dp_huL©$s

fp ̧bp¡V$ rhL$rks

k|e®âL$pi, S>m A_¡ L$pb®_

X$peAp ̧L$kpBX$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu_¡

h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ f9 A¡râg_p fp¡S>

â\dhpf kp¡gf S>¡V$ H^Z

b_phhpdp„ kamsp lp„kg L$fu R>¡.

"kp¡gf S>¡V$' _pd\u Ap `qfep¡S>_p_¡

e|fp¡`ue k„O Üpfp _pZp„ D`gå^

L$fphpep lsp. Ap `qfep¡S>_pdp„

cpNuv$pf sfuL$¡ S>d®_ A¡fp¡õ`¡k

k¡ÞV$f, B.V$u.A¡Q. Te|qfM, bp¡lp¡k

gyasp lV®$ A_¡ i¡g R>¡.

rhð_y„ â\d kp¡gf S>¡V$ H^Z

Page 27 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 27

(1) E„S>Z s¡g W$pfu_¡ s¡dp„\u iy„ L$pY$u g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ ?

(A) lpBX2$p¡L$pb®_$ (B) s¡g (c) duZ (D) âhplu

(2) k|e®d„X$m_p r_dp®Z kde¡ N°l b_hpdp„ q_óam b_¡gp _p_p-dp¡V$p MX$L$p¡_¡ iy„ L$l¡ R>¡ ?

(A) D`N°l (B) Mfsp spfp (c) DëL$p$(D) gOyN°lp¡

(3) Np¡bfN¡k, bpep ̧N¡kdp„ L$ep¡ hpey dy¿e R>¡ ?

(A) rd\¡_ (B) B\¡_ (c) âp¡`¡_ (D) åeyV$¡_

(4) "qhð rhfpks qv$hk' 18 A¡râg_u hj® f014_u DS>hZu_u \ud iy„ lsu ?

(A) rhfpks_p¡ Brslpk (B) rhð^fp¡lf DS>hZu

(c) õdfZp¡Ðkh_u rhfpks (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _l]

(5) "h_ l„X2$¡X$ Bek® Ap ̧a kp¡rgV$1e|X$'_p g¡ML$ S>¡ spS>¡sfdp„ r_^_ `pçep

(A) Qpëk® qX$L$¡Þk (B) N¥rb°eg Nprk®ep dpfL$¡S>

(c) l¡tdÁh¡ (D) S>¡Þd Å¡ek

(6) ApB.A¡_.A¡k tk^yfÐ_ vy$O®V$_pN°õs b_sp fpÆ_pdy Ap`_pf _p¥k¡_p_p hX$p L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) Apf.L$¡.^h_ (B) v$¡h¡ÞÖLy$dpf Å¡iu

(c) rhóÏ cpNhs (D) r_d®gLy$dpf hdp®

(7) cpfs_u khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p 41dp„ dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$¡ L$p¡Z r_eyL$s \ey ?

(A) `u.ksrihd (B) Apf.A¡d.gp¡Y$p

(c) Aësdk L$buf (D) hpe.L$¡.kcfhpg

(8) b°y ifZp\}Ap¡ L$ep fpS>edp„ R>¡ ?

(A) rdTp¡fd$ (B) d¡Opge (c) _pNpg¡ÞX$ (D) Ap¡qX$kp

(9) qdk BqÞX$ep f014 ârsep¡rNspdp„ L$p¡Z rhS>¡sp \ey ?

(A) _h_us L$p¥f (B) L$p¡eg fpZp

(c) ip¥rcsp ^yrg`pgp (D) Tp¡ep Aafp¡T

(10) A¥qslprkL$ N„°\ "AL$bf_pdp' A_¡ "ipl_pdp'_u lffpÆ spS>¡sfdp„ L$ep v$¡idp„ ep¡ÅZu ?

(A) HÁg¡ÞX$ (B) cpfs (c) `pqL$õsp_ (D) syL$}

(11) kp¥fpô2$_p â\d drlgp kp„kv$ S>¡ spS>¡sfdp„ r_^_ `pçep ?

(A) v$epb¡_ ipl (B) rh_p¡v$u_u r_gL„$W$

(c) S>epb¡_ ipl (D) fdpb¡_ v$¡kpB

(12) ep¡Áe Å¡X$Ly$ Np¡W$hp¡.

(A) v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp-f014 (1) rhS>e i¡jpÖu

(B) `yrgÐS>f `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp-f014 (f) Ty„`p gpqlX$u_y„ "^ gp¡g¡ÞX$'

(c) b¡guS> rhd¡Þk âpBT-f014 (3) kp¡gp¡d_ _p¡\®A`

(D) 86dp„ Ap¡õL$pf `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp (4) NygÅf

raëd "12 Bek® A õg¡h' L$p¡_p

Æh_ `f\u â¡qfs R>¡.

(A) A-4, B-1. C-1, D-3

(B) A-3, B-2 C-4, D-3

(c) A-1, B-2 C-3, D-4

(D) A-2, B-3 C-4, D-1

(13) "raëX$ dpi®g k¡d dpZ¡L$ ipl ^ d¡_ rlT V$pBçk' `yõsL$_y„ rhdp¡Q_ L$f_pf L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) c|rdk¡_p AÂen S>_fg rh3⁄4$dtkl (B) A¡X$rdfg v$¡h¡ÞÖLy$dpf Å¡iu

(C) S>kh„stkl (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _l]

(14) n¡Óam_u ×[ô$A¡ kp¥\u _p_y gp¡Lkcp Qy„V$Zun¡Ó L$ey„ R>¡ ?

(A) Qp„v$_u Qp¡L$ (B) gnqÜ`

(c) dy„bB (v$rnZ) (D) gv«pM

(15) cpfs v$¡i_p â\d rb_ L$p¢N°¡ku hX$pâ^p_ L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) AV$g rblpfu bpS>`pB (B) Qp¥^fu QfZtkl

(c) gpg blpvy$f ip÷u (D) dp¡fpfÆ v$¡kpB

(16) hs®dp_ 16du gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu dpV$¡ â\dhpf ds Ap`_pf kp¥\u h^y dsv$pspAp¡_u k„¿ep

L$B b¡W$L$ `f R>¡ ?

(A) fp¡lsL$ (B) NyX$Np„h

(c) afuv$pbpv$ (D) Np„^u_Nf

(17) spS>¡sfdp„ cpfs L$ep fp¡N\u dyL$s Op¡rjs \ey ?

(A) L$¡Þkf (B) X$¢Áey (c) ne (D) `p¡rgep¡

(18) hj® f000dp„ "Bdp_v$pf ìeqL$s' sfuL$¡ L$p¡Z kçdpr_s \ey lsy ?

(A) l_ydp_ ip÷u (B) Myih„stkl

(c) `u.rQv„$dbfd (D) Aê$Z S>¡V$gu

(19) d^yf L$p¡dm Drd® L$pìe_p kS®>L$ dZui„L$f fÐ_Æ cË$ "L$pÞs' _y„ S>Þdõ\m L$e„y R>¡ ?

(A) Adv$phpv$ (B) kyfs

(c) bp¡V$pv$ (D) Qph„X$

(20) "qdÕeprcdp_' L$p¡_u L©$rs R>¡ ?

(A) _d®v$ (B) L$rh v$g`sfpd

(c) _ftklfph qv$h¡qV$e (D) Np¡h^®_fpd rÓ`pW$u

(21) "V„y$L$u hpsp®_p L$kbu' Np¥fui„L$f Å¡iu "^|dL$¡sy'_u L©$rs L$B R>¡ ?

(A) ^fsu_y„ gyZ$ (B) d_p¡rhlpf$

(c) Qp¥gpv$¡hu (D) AhsfZ

(22) NyS>fps_p â\d k„NusL$pf L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) Ap¡dL$pf_p\ W$pLy$f (B) Arh_pi ìepk

(c) Apqv$Ðefpd ìepk (D) qv$gu` ^p¡mL$uep

(23) ep¡Áe Å¡X$u Np¡W$hp¡.

(A) NyS>fps kprlÐe kcp (1) byrÂ^ âL$pi

(B) NyS>fpsu kprlÐe `qfjv$ (f) fZÆsfpd kyhZ®Q„ÖL$

(c) NyS>fps kprlÐe AL$pv$du (3) iåv$ k©[ô$

(D) NyS>fps h_p®L$e|gf kp¡kpeV$u (4) `fb

(A) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 (B) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (D) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

(24) L$ep¡ dyNgfpÅ NyS>fps_¡ "tlv_y„ Apc|jZ' dp_sp¡ lsp¡ ?

(A) AL$bf (B) lydpey

(c) bpbf (D) Ap¥f„NT¡b

(25) lpBL$p¡V®$dp„ â\d drlgp Þepep^ui L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) AÞ_p Q„X$u (B) gugp i¡W$

(c) dufp kprlb apsudp bubu (D) gsp `V$¡g

(26) spX$p¡bp _¡i_g `pL®$ L$ep fpS>edp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡ ?

(A) dÂeâv$¡i (B) L$Zp®V$L$

(c) dlpfpô2$ (D) R>ÑukNY$

(27) îu lqfL$p¡V$p L$ep fpS>edp„ Aph¡gy R>¡ ?

(A) L$¡fm (B) Ap„^°âv$¡i (c) Ap¡qX$kp (D) `.b„Npm

(28) rhð_p L$ep v$¡i¡ kh®â\d "rkrhg k¡hp ârsep¡rNsp' iê$ L$fu lsu ?

(A) cpfs (B) e|_p_ (c) d¡kp¡`p¡V$¡rdep (D) Qu_

(29) k„eyL$s fpô2$k„O_p â\d dlpkrQh L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) e| \p„V$ (B) X$¥N l¥df kp¡ëX$

(c) qÓÁh¡gu (D) Ly$s® hpëv$rld

(30) _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep `¥L$u "V$¢L$ c¡v$u' `n¡`p÷ L$ey R>¡ ?

(A) rÓiyg (B) ApL$pi (c) AõÓ (D) _pN

(31) cpfsdp„ r_rd®s â\d `|Z®ê$` õhv$¡iu raëd L$B R>¡ ?

(A) fpÅ lrfiQ„Ö (B) Apgd Apfp

(c) dyNg¡ ApTd (D) _yfS>lp

(32) cpfsd„p f¡gh¡ rhcpN A„sN®s kp¥ â\d L$çàe|V$fL©$s qfTh¡®i_ kyrh^p L$ep„ iê$ \B ?

(A) _hu qv$ëlu (B) L$p¡gL$psp (c) dy„bB (D) Q¡Þ_pB

(33) L$çàe|V$f_p rhL$pkdp„ kp¥\u h^y ep¡Nv$p_ L$p¡_y R>¡ ?

(A) lfd_ lp¡g¡qf\ (B) Qpëk® b¡b¡S>

(c) b¡ëk `põL$g (D) hp ̧_ Þe|dp_

(34) L$çàe|V$f_u cp¥rsL$ b_phV$_¡ iy„ L$l¡hpe R>¡ ?

(A) kp ̧aV$h¡f (B) lpX®$h¡f (c) ad®h¡ef (D) le|d_ h¡ef

(35) rhðdp„ d¢N¡_uT_p¡ kp¥\u h^y S>Õ\p¡ L$ep v$¡idp„ R>¡ ?

(A) friep$ (B) Qu_ (c) cpfs (D) qTçbpçåh¡

(36) v$pdp¡v$f _v$u L$ep fpS>edp„ Aph¡gu R>¡ ?

(A) R>ÑukNY$ (B) rblpf

(c) `.b„Npm (D) TpfM„X$

(37) cpfs_u f„Nb¡f„Nu h¡ic|jp A_¡ TdL$v$pf fSy>Aps dpV$¡ L$ey _©Ðe ÅZusy R>¡ ?

(A) L$\L$gu (B) L$\L$

(c) Ly$Qu`yX$u (D) Ap¡qX$ku

(38) spg A_¡ ge kp\¡ kp¦v$e®_u A_yc|rs L$fphsu L$gp L$B R>¡ ?

(A) _pV$1eL$gp (B) rQÓL$gp

(c) _©ÐeL$gp (D) k„NusL$gp

(39) b„^pfZ_p L$ep ApqV$®L$g Üpfp fpS>e lõsL$_u _p¡L$fuAp¡dp„ A_pds_u Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡ ?

(A) 16(6) (B) 16 (4) (c) 13 (3) (D) 19 (9)

(40) Ap`Zp b„^pfZ_p OX$h¥epAp¡_¡ _pNqfL$p¡_p Ar^L$pfp¡_u â¡fZp i¡dp„\u dm¡gu R>¡ ?

(A) "QpV®$f Ap ̧a d¡_ L$pBÞX$'dp„\u (B) "QpV®$f Ap ̧a räX$d'dp„\u

(c) "QpV®$f Ap ̧a fpBV$1k' dp„\u (D) "QpV®f Ap ̧a A¡V$g¡rÞV$L$'dp„\u

(41) c°ô$pQpf_u ìep¿ep L$p¡Z¡ Ap`u R>¡ ?

(A) V2$p„k`f¡Þku BÞV$f_¡i_g $(B) rhðb¢L$

(c) AÞ_p lTpf¡ (D) k„eyL$s fpô2$

(42) Apr\®L$ rhL$pk L$p¡B`Z v$¡i_p gp¡L$p¡_u........s¡dS> Æh_ ^p¡fZ kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡g R>¡.

(A) Nfubu (B) dp\pv$uW$ AphL$

(c) h¥L$që`L$ AphL$ (D) _pZp„L$ue AphL$

(43) kdpS>hpv$dp„ DÐ`pv$__p kp^_p¡_u dprgL$u L$p¡_u lp¡e R>¡ ?

(A) fpS>e_u (B) r_ep¡S>L$_u

(c) Apep¡S>_ `„Q (D) bÅf s„Ó

(44) "dp¡su dõÆv$'_y„ r_dp®Z L$p¡_¡ L$fpìey ?

(A) iplS>lp„ (B) Ap¥f„NT¡b (c) lydpey (D) bpbf

(45) L$ep fpS>edp„ "kf_p' A_¡ "S>l¡_' D`h_p¡ kdpS>_u dprgL$u_p R>¡ ?

(A) rblpf (B) TpfM„X$ (c) DÑfâv$¡i (D) `.b„Npm

(46) i¡_p fkdp„\u V$`£ÞV$pB_ b_¡ R>¡ ?

(A) v$¡hv$pf (B) kuX$f

(c) QuX$ (D) _pmue¡fu

Apv$i®

dp

¡

X$g `

¡

`f-L$p

¡V®$ L$pfL|$_

NyZ-100

`pk-^p¡fZ-50 NyZ

_¡N¡V$uh dpL®$-0.33

Page 28 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 28

(47) fbf_p DÐ`pv$_dp„ cpfs_y„ õ\p_ L$¡V$gpdy R>¡ ?

(A) â\d (B) kpsdy (c) `p„Qdy (D) buSy>

(48) cpfs v$¡i_y„ L$ey fpS>e `0% S>¡V$gu i¡fX$u `L$ph¡ R>¡ ?

(A) dlpfpô2$ (B) L$Zp®V$L$ (c) Dsfâv$¡i (D) NyS>fps

(49) _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep `¥L$u L$ep¡ `pL$ bpNpesu _\u ?

(A) iZ (B) L$p¡au (c) fbf (D) Qp

(50) rhð kf¥ep gp¡M„X$-`p¡gpv$_y„ L$pfMp_y L$ep õ\m¡ Aph¡gy R>¡ ?

(A) rhS>e_Nf (B) cÖphsu (c) k¡gd (D) rhipMp`Ë$_d

(51) 163.99 52.9 = ?

(A) 3.1 (B) 1.3 (c) 3.01 (D) 1.03

(52)A¡L$ ìeqL$s `pk¡ \p¡X$uL$ QL$guAp¡ A_¡ \p¡X$uL$ c¢kp¡ R>¡, s¡d_p dp\p_u k„¿ep f4 R>¡. s\p

s¡d_p `N_u k„¿ep 70 R>¡ sp¡ QL$guAp¡_u k„¿ep L$¡V$gu li¡ ?

(A) 12 (B) 11 (c) 14 (D) 13

(53) 60, 120, 280 _p¡ Ny.kp.A. ip¡^p¡

(A) 20 (B) 40 (c) 30 (D) 2

(54) 9261_y„ O_d|m L$¡V$gy \pe ?

(A) 11 (B) 19 (c) 21 (D) 29

(55) âpáp„L$p¡_u kf¡fpi 31 R>¡. s¡dp„ A¡L$ âpàsp„L$ c|g\u f` _¡ bv$g¡ `f g¡hpep¡ lp¡e sp¡ s¡_u kpQu

kf¡fpi ip¡^p¡.

(A) 25.50 (B) 29.65 (c) 30.49 (D) 42.85

(56) A¡L$ ìeqL$s s\p s¡_p `yÓ_u hs®çpp_ Jdf_p¡ NyZp¡sf 9:4 R>¡. 10 hj® `R>u s¡d_u Jdf_p¡

NyZp¡sf 11:6 li¡, sp¡ r`sp_u Jdf L$¡V$gu li¡ ?

(A) 42 hj® (B) 40 hj® (c) 45 hj® (D) 58 hj®

(57) Å¡ Y _p 90% A¡ X lp¡e sp¡ X A_¡ Y _u V$L$phpfu L$¡V$gu li¡ ?

(A) 1

9$ (B) 90%

(c) 100% (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _l]

(58) A¡L$ vy$L$p_v$pf kpdp__¡ d|m qL„$ds¡ h¡Q¡ R>¡ `f„sy A¡L$ qL$gp¡_p õ\p_¡ 800 N°pd hS>_ sp¡m¡ R>¡

sp¡ s¡_¡ L$¡V$gp V$L$p _ap¡ \pe R>¡ ?

(A) 30% (B) 28% (c) 25%$ (D) 35%

(59) 800_u fL$d_y„ 6% g¡M¡ 1 hj®_y„ ìepS> A_¡ ìepS>dyv«g kp\¡ L$¡V$gu fL$d \pe ?

(A) 748 (B) 848 (c) 1050 (D) 880

(60) 6% g¡M¡ f hj®_p A„s¡ Q3⁄4$h©qÂ^ ìepS>dyv$1g 5618 lp¡e sp¡ dyv«g ip¡^p¡

(A) 6250 (B) 6000 (c) 5000 (D) 5500

(61) `pZu A_¡ v|$^_y„ rdîZ `` guV$f R>¡. `pZu A_¡ v|$^_p¡ NyZp¡Ñf 7:4 R>¡. Ap qdîZdp„ L$¡V$gy

`pZu Dd¡fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ s¡_p¡ NyZp¡Ñf 7:6 \B Åe ?

(A) 10 guV$f (B) 15 guV$f (c) ` guV$f (D) 12 guV$f

(62) A¡L$ drlgp sfa k„L$¡s L$fu_¡ A¡L$ `yê$j¡ S>Zpìey L$¡ "s¡_p A¡L$dpÓ cpB_p¡ `yÓ dpfu `qÐ__p

cpB R>¡' s¡ drlgp s¡ `yê$j kp\¡ L$ep âL$pf_p¡ k„b„^ ^fph¡ R>¡ ?

(A) dp„_u bl¡_ (B) dpdu (c) kpky (D) kkfp_u bl¡_

(63) iåv$ "TEMPORAL' _p Anfp¡_¡ hZ®dpgp A_ykpf Apep¡Æs L$f¡ sp¡ L$¡V$gp Anf A¡hp

R>¡ S>¡_p õ\p_dp„ `qfhs®_ _lu \pe ?

(A) 1 (B) f (c) 3 (D) 4

(64) Å¡ Apkdp__¡ "L$pmy L$l¡hpe "L$pmp' _¡"S>m' L$l¡hpe "S>m' _¡ "gugy' L$l¡hpe "gugp _¡

"hpv$m' L$l¡hpe "hpv$m' _¡ "c|ê$' L$l¡hpe "c|fp'_¡ "S>du_' L$l¡hpe "S>du_' _¡ "gpg' L$l¡hpe

sp¡ S>Zphp¡ L$¡ dpR>gu L$ep„ fl¡su li¡ ?

(A) gugy (B) L$pmy (c) c|ê$ (D) gpg

(65) rv$_ : kápl :: kápl : ?

(A) dpk (B) hj® (c) qv$_ (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _lu„

(66) vy$O®V$_p_p¡ k„b„^ "kph^p_u' kp\¡ R>¡ sp¡, "rbdpfu'_p¡ s¡ S> k„b„^ L$p¡_u kp\¡ R>¡ ?

(A) X$p ̧L$V$f (B) v$hp (c) BgpT (D) õhÃR>sp

(67) 2,6,12,20,30,42.......?

(A) 50 (B) 52 (c) 54 (D) 56

(68) A¡L$ OX$uepdp„ 4.30_p¡ kde \ep¡ R>¡.ANf rdr_V$_p¡ L$p„V$p¡ `|h® sfa R>¡ sp¡ L$gpL$_p¡ L$p„V$p¡ L$B

qv$ipdp„ li¡ ?

(A) DÑf-`|h® (B) DÑf-`[òd

(c) v$rnZ-`|h® (D) v$rnZ-`[òd

(69) ANf L$p¡B kp„L$¡qsL$ cpjpdp„ "CAT' _¡ "DDY' gMpe R>¡ sp¡ "DOG' _¡ L$¡hu fus¡

gMpi¡ ?

(A) ERL (B) EQJ (c) ERK (D) EQL

(70) _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep `¥L$u L$e„y rhÅsue R>¡ ?

(A) `N-lp\ (B) Ap„M-_pL$ (c) ifuf-dp\y (D) L$p„Xy$-Ap„Nmu

(71) _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡g kdp_p\} iåv$dp„\u L$e„y AgN `X$¡ R>¡ ?

(A) byqÂ^ (B) rlL$ds (c) d¡Op (D) kL$g

(72) S>Þd\u d©Ðey ky^u dpZk_¡ ÅsÅs_p A_|ch \pe R>¡. Ap hpL$e_¡ ê$Y$u âep¡Ndp„ iy„ L$l¡iy ?

(A) A„^pfu Ngudp„ Ap\X$hy (B) L$pmp^p¡mp L$fhp

(c) A_¡L$ f„Np¡ Å¡hp (D) L$p¡W$¡ `X$hy

(73) "L$pmu W„$X$u Mfsu fps, kdZ¡ QmL$¡ k|_p Nps' L$ep R„>v$_y Dv$plfZ R>¡ ?

(A) lqfNus (B) v$p¡lfp¡

(c) Qp¡`pB (D) riMqfZu

(74) A¡L$ D`f A¡L$ rkL$L$p Np¡W$hu_¡ L$f¡gu \à`u A¡V$g¡ ?

(A) r`fpduX$ (B) 3⁄4$dp_ykpf (c) DsfX$ (D) A¡L$ `Z _l]

(75) `y_: ârs›$p= k„r^ L$fp¡

(A) `y_ê$+ârs›$p (B) `y_f1+ârs›$p

(c) `y_f:+ârs›$p (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _l]

(76) ApQpf= rhfp¡^u iåv$ S>Zphp¡

(A) ApOps (B) A_fpQpf (c) A_pQpf (D) rhQpf

(77) Ap¡mMhy = cphhpQL$ k„op S>Zphp¡.

(A) Ap¡mM$ (B) Ap¡mMpZ (c) A A_¡ B (D) Ap `¥L$u A¡L$`Z _lu„

(78) "Ap L$pìep¡A¡ Adpfp ùv$e `f Av$1c|s Akf L$fu lsu' A¡hu âi„kp Ap_„v$ i„L$f ^°yh¡ L$ep

L$pìek„N°l dpV$¡ L$fu lsu ?

(A) ùv$ehuZp (B) _y`|f T„$L$$pf

(c) Ly$kyddpmp (D) õdfZ k„rlsp

(79) "cË$_„y$ cp¡`pmy' _pV$L$_p g¡ML$ L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) _hgfpd `„X$ep (B) _ftkl fph qv$h¡qV$ep

(c) sygÅ i„L$f dl¡sp (D) v$g`sfpd

(80) NyS>fpsu cpjpdp„ gMpe¡gy kh®â\d ApÐd h©sp„s _d®v$_y„ "dpfu lqL$L$s' L$epf¡ âNV$ \ey ?

(A) B.k.1943 (B) B.k.1932

(c) B.k.1923 (D) B.k.1933

(81) Ad©skf_u k„r^ dlpfpÅ fZÆstkl A_¡ L$p¡_u hÃQ¡ \B lsu ?

(A) gp¡X®$ L$p¡_®hp¡rgk (B) gp¡X®$ X$¡glpDku

(c) gp¡X®$ l¡qõV„$Ák (D) gp¡X$® rdÞV$p¡

(82) "Nygê$Mu'_p D`_pd\u L$rhspAp¡ gM_pf L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) AgpD×u_ rMgÆ (B) v$pfp riL$p¡l

(c) Bb°plud gp¡v$u (D) rkL„$v$f gp¡v$u

(83) rhS>eõs„c_y (rQÑp¡X$)_y„ r_dp®Z L$fph_pf L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) Adfrk„l (B) fpZp kp„Np

(c) fpZp âsp` (D) fpZp Ly„$cp

(84) k„rh^p__y„ âpê$` s¥epf L$f_pf

(A) L$¡.A¡g. dyÞiu (B) kf bu.A¡_.fph.

(c) Np¡`pgõhpdu Ape„Nf (D) Aëgpv$u L©$óZpõhpdu A¥ef

(85) cpfs_p D`fpô2$`rs_u `k„v$Nu L$p¡Z L$f¡ R>¡ ?

(A) fpô2$`rs (B) fpS>ep¡_p rh^p_ d„X$m

(c) k„kv$_p b„_¡ kv$_ (D) hX$pâ^p_

(86) _pZp Apep¡N_u q_dZ|„L$ L$p¡Z L$f¡ R>¡ ?

(A) fpô2$`rs (B) gp¡L$kcp

(c) k„kv$_p b„_¡ kv$_ (D) hX$pâ^p_

(87) cpfs_p¡ âpQu_sd rhipm DÛp¡N L$ep¡ R>¡ ?

(A) kysh÷ (B) gp¡M„X$-Bõ`ps

(c) L$pNm (D) õV$ug

(88) cpfsdp„ lqfs 3⁄4$p„rs_p¡ khp®r^L$ âcph L$B akg `f `X$ep¡ lsp¡ ?

(A) ^pÞe (B) dL$pB (c) OJ (D) Sy>hpf

(89) "dp_h rhL$pk k|QL$p„L$' L$ep A\®ip÷u_y„ âv$p_ R>¡ ?

(A) A¡X$d qõd\ (B) AdÐe®k¡_ (c) L$¡BÞk (D) dl¡b|b-Dg-lL$L$

(90) "_¡i_g õL|$g Ap ̧a qX$TpB_' L$ep Aph¡gu R>¡ ?

(A) `|Z¡ (B) Adv$phpv$

(c) b¡„Ág|ê$ (D) qv$ëlu

[91] ..............birds are flying in the sky.

(A) Am (B) None of the three (C) A (D) An

[92] There...........a lot of people at our party yesterday.

(A) is (B) were (C) was (D) am

[93] ...........I keep my bag hare ?

(A) Do (B) Have to (C) Would (D) May

[94] We go to school every day.............Sunday.

(A) except (B) accept (C) then (D) than

[95] ........I was in Ahmedabad I made a lot of friends.

(A) With (B) While (C) For (D) During

[96] Don go too.......the edge.

(A) near (B) up (C) on (D) with

[97] An apple.............on his head yesterday.

(A) drops (B) dropping (C) dropped (D) drop

[98] The sport...........makes arrangements for games.

(A) committee (B) comittee (C) commitee (D) comitee

[99] Is that umbrella..........or mine ?

(A) your (B) us (C) you (D) yours

[100] Listen, a great leader........... now.

(A) speaks (B) was speaking (C) has spoken (D) is speaking

't

01-C 02-D 03-A 04-C 05-B 06-B 07-B 08-A 09-B

10-A 11-C 12-A 13-A 14-B 15-D 16-B 17-D 18-B

19-D 20-B 21-C 22-C 23-B 24-D 25-A 26-C 27-B

28-D 29-C 30-D 31-A 32-A 33-D 34-B 35-D 36-A

37-A 38-C 39-B 40-C 41-B 42-B 43-A 44-B 45-A

46-A 47-C 48-C 49-A 50-B 51-A 52-D 53-A 54-C

55-B 56-C 57-A 58-C 59-B 60-C 61-A 62-D 63-B

64-A 65-A 66-D 67-D 68-A 69-A 70-A 71-D 72-C

73-C 74-C 75-B 76-C 77-C 78-C 79-A 80-D 81-D

82-D 83-D 84-B 85-C 86-A 87-A 88-C 89-D 90-A

91-B 92-B 93-D 94-A 95-B 96-A 97-C 98-A 99-D

100-D

D

f

Ñ

Apv$i® dp¡X$g `¡`f

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