Page 1 of 28

3⁄4$d rhcpN `p_p _„

1...fpô2$ue........................2 \u 4

2...r_dZ|„L$.......................5 \u 7

3...fpS>e `qfQe.................8 \u 9

4...v$¡i `qfQe..................10 \u 11

7... rhdp¡Q_....................12 \u 12

8...`yfõL$pf......................13 \u 13

9.. rv$_ rhi¡j...................14 \u 17

10...r_^_.......................18 \u 18

11...rhrh^......................19 \u 21

12...A\® ìehõ\p...............21 \u ff

13...M¡g S>Ns...................f3 \u f3

14...Ap„sffpô2$ue âhplp¡........f4 \u 25

15...Av$pgs_ Üpf¡\u...........26 \u f6

16..rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ......f7 \u f7

17..V$pfN¡V$ V$¡V$....................f8\u f8

Magazine for : U.P.S.C., G.P.S.C, T.E.T., T.A.T., S.S.C.,

BANK, P.S.I., Air-Force, Navy And All COMPETITIVE EXAM

COMPETITIVE INDIA

Editor-Publisher-Printer-Owner

CHAUHAN KAMLESHKUMAR NANDLALBHAI

Gopnath Road, TALAJA.

Dist.:Bhavnagar (Gujrat), PIN-364 140

M-9408827007

E-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.com

RNI No.GUJGUJ/2013/51331

[MONTHLY]

Address

d¡N¡qT_dp„ S>¡ `Z dprlsu fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, s¡ Adpfu ÅZL$pfu dyS>b_u R>¡. kp\p¡kp\ Ap A„L$dp„ Qp¡L$kpB

fpMhp dpV$¡_p âeÐ_p¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. L$p¡B`Z c|g A\hp Q|L$ dpV$¡ âL$piL$ L$¡ s¡_p L$p¡B`Z L$d®Qpfu

S>hpbv$pf _\u. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep d¡N¡qT_dp„ âL$pris \e¡gp g¡Mp¡dp_p d„sìep¡ g¡ML$p¡_p `p¡sp_p lp¡e R>¡,

S>¡_u kp\¡ dprgL$, âL$piL$ A_¡ k„`pv$L$ klds R>¡. s¡d dp_u g¡hy _lu.

A¡X$uV$f

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¥lpZ

qX$TpB_-V$pB`-k¡V$]N

ep¡NufpS>tkl Np¡rlg

rgNg A¡X$hpBTf

_urs_ Qp¥lpZ

(A¡X$hp¡L$¡V$ NyS>fps lpBL$p¡V®$)

dyÖL$-âL$piL$-dprgL$

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¥lpZ

âL$pi_ õ\m:

Np¡`_p\ fp¡X$, smpÅ-364 140

Ɖp¡:cph_Nf (NyS>fps)

ap¡_: 94088f7007

dyÖZ õ\p_:

îu cNhsu râÞV$k®,

f03, fp¡eg L$p ̧çàg¡n, lpBL$p¡V®$ fp¡X$,

cph_Nf.

:g¡ML$:

L$dg¡i A¡_. Qp¡lpZ

h

p

Q

_

„

rh

i¡

j

r_dZ|„L$

v$f dpk_u 10 spfuM¡ ârkÝ^ \sy

lh¡ L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® cpfscfdp„ kp¥\u Ap¡R>u qL$dsdp„

1 A„L$_u qL$ds - 20 Rs.

hprj®L$ 12 A„L$_u qL$ds -240 Rs.

ghpS>d cfhp k„`L®$-M- dpÓ 240 Rs. dp„

hj®cf d¡mhp¡

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

lh¡ dpÓ 20 Rs. dp„

ghpS>d\u b„^php¡ sp¡

dpÓ 18 Rs. dp„

L$ç`

¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep

lh

¡

dpÓ 20 Rs. dp

„

-R>Ì$p dy¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f sfuL$¡ fpÆh dp\yf

-cpfs_p 14dp„ A¡V$_} S>_fg `v$¡ dyLy$g fp¡lsNu

-hX$pâ^p__p dy¿e krQh `v$¡ _©`¡_ rdî

-fpô$2ue kyfnp kgplL$pf `v$¡ AÆsLy$dpf X$p¡cpg

-_hp k¡_p âdyM sfuL$¡ v$gbuftkl kylpN_p _pd_u Op¡jZp

v$¡i `qfQe- fpS>qL$e AfpS>L$sp

sfa kfL$sp¡ v$¡i

\pBg

¡

ÞX$

_hu r_dZ|„L$

- rldpge n¡Ó_u800 Ap¥jr^e

h_õ`rsAp¡ f¡X$byL$ dp„ kpd¡g

- rsåbs_p Ág¡rief 15 % Ap¡R>p \ep

- fpMuN$Yudp„ ^pÞepNpf dmu Apìey

- rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__y„ 67dy„

k„d¡g_ ep¡Åey

- cpfsdp„ ìehkpreL$ hpsphfZ ky^pfp

qf`p¡V®$

- Å¡X$L$p S>Þd¡gp bpmL$p¡_p _pd _f¡ÞÖ

A_¡ dp¡v$u

- qV2$`uN¡V$f X$p ̧V$ L$p¡d-`e®V$_ d„Ópge_u

_hu h¡bkpBV$

- fpd_pd ^fphsu V$u`y kyësp__u

A„N|W$u_u lffpÆ

hr

h

^

r

fpÄe `qfQe-rk[1⁄2$d

cpfsdp„ Qy„V$Zu dlp`h® k„`Þ_

-`[òdOpV$dp„ v¡X$L$p_u _hu âÅrs X$p„tkN

äp¡N dmu Aphu

- rhðdp„ X$pe_p¡kp¡f_y„ kp¥\u gp„by Æhpíd

dmu Apìey

-h¥opr_L$p¡ Üpfp Aphs® kpfZu_p 117dp„

sÐh_p A[õsÐh_¡ `©[ô$

-rldpgedp„ rldpge_k kp`_u _hu

âÅrs dmu Aphu

-k|e® S>¡hp A¡L$ _hp spfp_u dprlsu dmu

"

'

-gOydsu õL|$gp¡ `f Apf.V$u.B. L$p_|_ gpNy _lu

-S>ëguL$Ëy f¡kdp„ bmv$p¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhp `f ârsb„^

-Anf^pd lydgp L$¡k_p Apfp¡`uAp¡ dy1⁄4s \ep$

ApNpdu V$$pfN¡V$ V$¡V$

dpV¡ D`ep¡Nu dprlsu

Av$pgs_u AV$pfuA¡\u

A_y3⁄4$drZL$p

qv$_ rhi¡j

Ap„sffpô2$ue k„N°lpge qv$hk-18 d¡

-fpô2$ue V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ qv$hk-11 d¡

-k„hpv$ A_¡ rhL$pk dpV$¡ kp„õL©$rsL$

rhrh^sp_p¡ rhð qv$hk - f1 d¡

-Ap„sffpô2$ue c|M qv$hk-28 d¡

-Ap„sffpô2$ue _k® qv$hk-12 d¡

-rhL$V$fu X$¡-9 d¡

-Np¡hp qv$hk-30 d¡

-Ap„sffpóV2$ue îrdL$ qv$hk-1 d¡

-rhð â¡k õhs„Ósp qv$hk-3 d¡

-Ap„sffpô$2ue L$pQbp qv$hk-23 d¡

gp¡L$kcp AÂen `v$¡ kyduÓp dlpS>_

dpDÞV$ A¡hf¡õV$ kf L$f_pf kp¥\u

_p_u he ^fphsu qL$ip¡fu dpgphp\

`|f_p A_¡ â\d v$rgs rhS>¡sp

kp^_p `ëgu Ap_„v$Ly$dpf rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ k„ip¡^_

- âp¡S>¡L$V$ Qu_-friep àgk Ad¡qfL$p gpB_

- TX$`u Nrs_u f¡gh¡ V2$¡_ k¡hp dpV$¡ rhð_u kp¥\u

JQpB `f_u kyf„N Qu_ Mps¡ iê$ \B

- Ad¡qfL$p_p BfthN il¡fdp„ dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ_u

L$p„õe âqsdp dyL$pi¡

- Qu__p hX$pâ^p_ gu L$¡qL$ep„N_p¡ ApräL$p

âhpk

Ap„sffpô2$ue âhplp¡

30 % qX$õL$pDÞV$\u

RNI:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331

Page 2 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 2

rlÞvy$õsp_ A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgrdV$¡X$ A_¡ qX$a¡Þk qfkQ® A¡ÞX$

X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ Üpfp A¡L$ k„eyL$s D`3⁄4$d sfuL$¡

_cfÐ_ hpeyep_ "X$p ̧r_®ef'_¡ ê$`p„sqfs L$fu_¡ 110 L$fp¡X$_p MQ£

s¡_y„ r_dp®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. AÐepf ky^udp„ 114 S>¡V$gp

hpeyvy$s A¡fap¡k®, L$p¡õV$NpX®$, _¡hu, fpô2$ue rhdp_ Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u_¡

kp¢`pB Nep R>¡.

X$p ̧r_®ef 228 hpeyep_ `l¡gp_p âpê$` L$fsp AgN R>¡. s¡_y

_pd _cfÐ_ A¡V$gp dpV$¡ fpMhpdp Apìey R>¡ L$¡, s¡ ApL$pidp„ A¡L$

fÐ__u S>¡hy R>¡ A_¡ s¡_y L$pe® ApL$pidp„ qõ\s D`L$fZp¡_u s`pk

L$fhp_y R>¡.

X$ ¡ _® f pr e

228

rlÞvy$õsp_ A¡fp¡_p ̧qV$L$k rgrdV$¡X$ Üpfp 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> "X$p ̧q_®ef 228

_cfÐ_'_¡ X$u.Apf.X$u.A¡p. _¡ lõsp„sfus L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

qX$TpB_, rhL$pk A_¡ fX$pf s¥epf L$fhp dpV$¡ ÅZusu X$u.Apf.X$u.Ap¡._u

A¡L$ âdyM âep¡Nipmp Üpfp Ap lõsp„sfZ_¡ õhuL©$rs Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

"_cfÐ_' X$u.Apf.X$u.Ap¡. _¡ kp¢`pey

ü s¡_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u Mpkues s¡dp gNph¡gy fX$pf A_¡ A¡rhepr_L$k

rkõV$d R>¡.

ü s¡dp BqÞV$N°¡V$¡X$ tk\¡qV$L$ A`Q®f fX$pf A¡L$k b¢X$ A_¡ L|$ b¢X$

gNphpe¡gy R>¡. Ap fX$pfdp„ gpN¡gp lpB qfTp¡ëe|i_ Bd¡qT„N k¡ÞV$f

gp¢N f¡ÞS>dp„ `Z V$pfN¡V$_u kV$uL$ Bd¡S> Ap`hp knd R>¡.

ü s¡ qv$hk-fps A_¡ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_p dp¥kddp„ L$pe® L$fu_¡ d|thN

V$pfN¡V$_¡ Ap¡mMu iL$¡ R>¡.

ü DÃQ sL$_uL$\u kˆ$ Ap rhdp_ lhp, kdyÖ A_¡ S>du_ `f v$¡Mf¡M

kp\¡ Myraep ÅZL$pfu A¡L$Ó L$fhp A_¡ bQph L$pe®dp„ klpeL$ b_¡

R>¡. L$p¡B`Z dp¥kddp„ L$pe® L$fu iL$hp_¡ gu^¡ Ap hpeyep__¡ L$pfZ¡

k¡_p_p ÓZ¡ A„Np¡_¡ dS>bysu âv$p_ \pe R>¡.

"_cfÐ__u rhi¡jsp'

X$u.Apf.X$u.Ap¡. _¡ kp¢`Zu

L$¡qÞÖe N©l d„Ópge¡ 14 d¡ _p fp¡S>

ApNpdu `p„Q hj® dpV$¡ Aps„L$hpv$u

k„NW$_ rgbf¡i_ V$pBNk® Ap ̧a srdg

Bgd (A¡g.V$u.V$u.B.) `f âqsb„^_p¡

rhõspf L$ep£ R>¡. N¡fL$p_|_u Nrsrhr^

(fp¡L$\pd) L$p_|_ 1967_u Å¡NhpB

A_ykpf A¡g.V$u.V$u.B._¡ N¡fL$p_|_u

k„NW$_ ê$`¡ B.k.1991dp„ ârsb„r^s Ål¡f L$fhpdp„

Apìey lsy.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, vy$r_ep_y âdyM Aps„L$hpv$u k„NW$_

A¡g.V$u.V$u.B._u õ\p`_p h¡gyr`‰B âcpL$fZ Üpfp

B.k.197`dp„ srdg AgNphhpv$u k„NW$_ê$`¡ îug„L$p

Mps¡ \B lsu. S>¡ îug„L$p_p DÑfu A_¡ DÑfu-`|h} n¡Óp¡dp„

L$pe®fs R>¡. h¡gyr`‰B_¡ 18 d¡ f009_p fp¡S> îug„L$p

k¡_pA¡ W$pf L$ep® lsp. Ap k„NW$_ fpÆh Np„^u s\p

â¡dv$pkp (îug„L$_ fpô2$`rs)_u lÐep L$fhp_p¡ Apfp¡`

^fph¡ R>¡.

A¡g.V$u.V$u.B. `f_p¡ ârsb„^

`p„Q hj® ky^u h^pfpep¡

A¡riep_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u vy$^ b°p„X$ Ad|g Üpfp 14 d¡ _p fp¡S>

hpfpZkudp„ A¡L$ X$¡fu âk„õL$fZ àgp„V$ õ\p`hp_u Op¡jZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu

lsu. S>¡ âpf„cdp„ ârsqv$_ `p„Q gpM guV$f v|$^ DÐ`pv$_ L$fi¡.

DÑfâv$¡i_p dy¿ed„Óu ArMg¡i epv$h Üpfp Ad|g_¡ 30 A¡L$f S>du_

Ap`hp_y S>Zphpey R>¡. `pg_`yf qõ\s b_pk X$¡fu k„eÓ_u õ\p`_p f00

L$fp¡X$_p fp¡L$pZ kp\¡ L$fi¡. b_pk X$¡fu Ad|g_p bÅfdp„ NyS>fps L$p¡-

Ap ̧`f¡V$uh rdëL$ dpL$£qV„$N a¡X$f¡i__p k„O_y„ A¡L$ kv$õe R>¡.

hpfpZku rkhpe b_pkX$¡fu L$p_`yf A_¡ gM_Ddp„ `Z f00 L$fp¡X$_p fp¡L$pZ kp\¡ àgp„V$ õ\p`i¡. S>¡_u

ndsp `Z ârsrv$_ `p„Q gpM guV$f_u li¡. S>¡_¡ h^pfu_¡ crhóedp„ v$k gpM rgV$f S>¡V$gu L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.

b_pk X$¡fu Üpfp Ad|g dp¡X$g klL$pfu krdrsAp¡_p Ap^pf¡ DÑf`°v$¡idp„ õ\pq_L$ õsf¡ v|$^_u Mfuv$u iê$ \hp

kp\¡ `iy`pgL$p¡_¡ ep¡Áe hmsf dmi¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, DÑfâv$¡i cpfs_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ v|$^ DÐ`pv$L$ fpS>e R>¡.

hpfpZkudp„ Ad|g_p¡ X$¡fu àgp„V$ f

A

d

g $ u

y

X¡

NyS>fps_p ApZ„v$

Mps¡ Aph¡gu Ad|g

cpfsue klL$pfu X$¡fu

R>¡. S>¡_u õ\p`_p

B.k.1946dp„ \B

lsu. S>¡_u

kamspAp¡_p¡ î¡e

X$p ̧.hN}k Ly$qfe__¡ R>¡

L$¡, S>¡Z¡ ð¡s 3⁄4$p„rs

Üpfp cpfs_p v|$^

DÐ`pv$__¡ h¥[ðL$

Ap¡mM A`phu lsu.

fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆ Üpfp [ìlkg ågp¡Ak®

k„fnZ rh^¡eL$-f011_¡ 1f d¡ _p fp¡S> d„S|>fu Ap`hpdp„

Aphu. d„S|>fu kp\¡ s¡ rìlkg ågp¡Ak® âp¡V$¡L$i_ A¡L$V$

f011 b_u Nep¡ R>¡. Ap rh^¡eL$ gp¡L$kcpdp„ 11 qX$k¡çbf

f011 s\p b¡ k„ip¡^_ kp\¡ f1 a¡b°yApfu f014_p fp¡S>

fpS>ekcpdp„ `kpf \ey lsy.

[ìlkg ågp

¡Ak® k

„

fnZ rh^¡

eL$

f011_

¡ fpô2$`rs_u d

„

S|>fu

Ø Ap Ar^q_eddp„ d„ÓuAp¡ krls kfL$pfu Ar^L$pfuAp¡

Üpfp c°ô$pQpf L$¡ Ar^L$pfp¡_p vy$fD`ep¡N k„b„^u dprlsu

Ap`_pf ìeqL$s_¡ k„fnZ Ap`hp q_erds ìehõ\p

L$fhp_u Å¡NhpB R>¡.

Ø kfL$pf_¡ \e¡gp _yL$ip__u ÅZL$pfu Ap`_pf ìeqL$s_¡

`ep®á k„fnZ Ap`hp_u Å¡NhpB R>¡.

Ø Ar^r_ed S>_sp_¡ d„ÓuAp¡ A_¡ gp¡L$k¡hL$p¡ Üpfp

Ar^L$pfp¡_p¡ ÅZu Å¡B_¡ vy$ê$`ep¡N L$fhp rhj¡ L$¡ c°ô$pQpf

rhj¡ dprlsu_p¡ Mygpkp¡ L$fhp DÐkprls L$fhp_u âZpgu

âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

Ø L$p¡B ìeqL$s L$p¡B knd Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u kdn c°ô$pQpf_p

dpdg¡ S>_rlsdp„ dpqlsu Ål¡f L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

Ø aqfepv$ L$fhp dpV$¡ L$¡qÞÖe ksL®$sp Apep¡N (ku.hu.ku.)

knd Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u R>¡.

Ø cpfs kfL$pf Ar^kyQ_p Åfu L$fu_¡ c°ô$pQpf rhj¡_u

aqfepv$p¡ d¡mhhp L$p¡B_¡ r_eyL$s L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

Ø Ap rh^¡eL$ A„sN®s Mp¡V$u aqfepv$ L$fhp_p dpdg¡ b¡ hj®_u

L$¥v$ s\p 30,000 ê$r`ep_p v„$X$_u Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„

Aphu R>¡.

rh^¡eL$ rhjeL$ ::

_¡i_g N°u_ V$2uåey_g (A¡_.Æ.V$u.)_p A¡L$ Apv$¡i_¡

Âep_¡ gB_¡ d¡Opge kfL$pf¡ 14 d¡ _p fp¡S> fpS>ecfdp„

Jv$f_p v$f ^fphsu L$p¡gkp_u MpZp¡dp„ M__ A_¡ `qfhl_

`f âqsb„^ gNpìep¡ lsp¡.

A¡_.Æ.V$u. Üpfp fpS>edp„ Qpgu fl¡gp M__ `f A¡L$

`nue A„sqfd Apv$¡i 17 A¡râg¡ `kpf L$ep£ lsp¡. S>¡ Akd

Ap ̧g qv$dpkp õVy$X$¡ÞV$1k e|r_e_ A_¡ v$udp lpkpAp¡ rS>‰p

krdqs Üpfp f A¡râg¡ A`pe¡gp A¡L$ Aph¡v$_ `f Åfu

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, A„sqfd Apv$¡i A¡L$ L$p_|_u L$pe®hplu R>¡.

S>¡dp„ A¡L$ ìeqL$s AÞe v$mp¡_p ârsr_r^Ap¡ L$¡

Ar^k|Q_pdp„ N¡f lpS>f fl¡hp `f Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

d¡Opge kfL$pf Üpfp J„v$f_p v$f

^fphsu L$p¡gkp_u MpZp¡dp„ M__-

`qfhl_ `f âqsb„^ dyL$pep¡

srdg_pXy$ fpS>e_p rsê$_¡gh¡gu rS>‰pdp„

Aph¡gp Ly$X$_Ly$g_ `fdpÏ DÅ® àgp„V$dp„

hpëhdp„\u Nfd `pZu rgL$¡S> \sp 6 S>¡V$gp

L$d®Qpfu Opeg \ep lsp. Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f013dp„

â\dhpf àgp„V$dp„ qfA¡L$V$f iê$ \ey lsy. hj®

f01fdp„ õ\pr_L$ õsf¡ Ap ep¡S>_p_p¡ Myb S>

rhfp¡^ \ep¡ lsp¡.

Ly$X$_Ly$gd `fdpÏ DÅ®

àgp„V$dp„ Nfd `pZu

rgL$¡S> \ey„

kfL$pfu L$pdL$pS> TX$`u b_phhp dpV$¡ dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf¡ f1 d¡ _p fp¡S>

cp¡`pg Mps¡ "B-d¡g _urs' _¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u R>¡. Ap kp\¡ Ap âL$pf¡ Ap fus_u

d„S|>fu Ap`_pf dÝeâv$¡i â\d fpS>e b_u Ney R>¡.

"B-d¡g _urs'_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy B-d¡g Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp `Ó-ìehlpf

s\p Ap„L$X$pAp¡_p kçâ¡jZ_¡ L$pev$pL$ue õhê$` Ap`hp_p¡ R>¡. s¡dS>

dÂeâv$¡i ipk_ Üpfp B-d¡Bg kyrh^p ky^u D`ep¡NL$sp®Ap¡_u `lp¢Q A_¡

D`ep¡N kyr_[òs L$fhp_p¡ l¡sy `Z R>¡.

kfL$pfu L$pdL$pS> TX$`u b_phhp

dÂeâv$¡idp„

"B-d¡Bg _urs' d„Sy>f

ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p D`pÂen dp¡ÞV$¡L$tkl

Alg|hprgep_y„ fpÆ_pdy

ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p D`pÂen dp¢V$¡L$tkl Alg|hprgep

s\p kv$õe bu.S>¡.Qsyh£v$uA¡ 17 d¡ _p fp¡S> ep¡S>_p

Apep¡N_p AÂen A_¡ hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_¡

`p¡sp_„y fpÆ_pdy kp¢`u v$u^y lsy.

ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p v$f¡L$ kv$õep¡ bu.S>¡.Qsyh£v$u,

kp¥rdÓ Qp¥^fu, kBv$p lduv$, _f¡ÞÖ Åv$h, ArcÆs

k¡_, rdrlf ipl, Aê$Z dpBfp, L$õsyfu f„N_ Üpfp `Z

`p¡sp_y„ fpÆ_pdy hX$pâ^p__¡ kp¢`hpdp„ Apìey lsy.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p¡ L$pe®L$pm L$¡ÞÖ

kfL$pf_p L$pe®L$pm kp\¡ S> kdpá \pe R>¡, dpV$¡ ep¡S>_p

Apep¡N_p v$f¡L$ kv$õep¡A¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_u kp\¡ S> fpÆ_pdy Ap`hy `X$¡ R>¡.

dp¡ÞV$¡L$tkl Alg|hprgep

ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p D`pÂen `v$¡ 6 Sy>gpB f004_p fp¡S> `v$N°lZ L$fu_¡ 10

hj® ky^u Ap `v$¡ flu_¡ kdph¡iu A_¡ kss rhL$pk_u qv$ipdp„ 11du (f007-

1f) A_¡ 1fdu (f01f-f017)_u `„Qhrj®e ep¡S>_p s¥epf L$fu lsu. s¡dS>

10du `„Qhrj®e ep¡S>_p_¡ bl¡sf Y„$N\u gpN| L$fhp v$frdep_ _¡s©Ðh L$ey® lsy.

cpfs-L„$bp¡X$uep hÃQ¡ b¡ kdSy>rs `f lõspnf

S>m k„ip^_ âb„^_dp„ L„$bp¡qX$ep_u klpesp L$fhp dpV$¡ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ 13 d¡ _p fp¡S> (1) lpBX$p¡N°pa _¡V$hL®$ õV$¡i_ õ\pr`s

L$fhp dpV$¡ L$pd`p¢N qõ`ey âp„sdp„ c|S>m k„ip^_ AÝee_ `f kdS|>rs (f) L„$bp¡X$uep_p rkA¡dfu` _v$u dpV$¡ dpõV$f àgp_

b_phhp_u kdS|>rs (Ap n¡Ó A„NL$p¡fhpV$ rhfpks õdpfL$ dpV$¡ ârkÂ^ R>¡.) \B lsu.

Ap

„

^°âv$¡i rh^p_kcp Q|

„

V$Zu-f014

cpfs_p Q|„V$Zu`„Q Üpfp Ap„^°âv$¡i rh^p_kcp Q|„V$Zu_p

`qfZpd 17 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Apìep. S>¡dp„

Q„Öpbpby _peXy$_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ s¡gyNy v$¡id `pV$} f94 `¥L$u 117 kuV$

kp\¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$u `pV$} õhê$`¡ Dcfu Aphu R>¡. S>epf¡

hpB.A¡k.S>Ndp¡l_ f¡Í$u_p _¡s©Ðh sm¡ eyhS>_ îrdL$ fpe\|

L$p¢N°¡k `pV$} 70 b¡W$L$p¡ kp\¡ buÅ õ\p_¡ flu R>¡. S>epf¡ s¡g„NZp

fpô2$ue krdrs 63, L$p¢N°¡k-f1, cpS>`-9, A`n 14 S>¡V$gu

b¡W$L$p¡ d¡mhu iL$ep lsp.

A¡L$ fpS>eê$`¡ Ap„^°âv$¡i rhcpS>__p Apf¡ R>¡ A_¡ f S|>_

f014_p fp¡S> rhcpÆs \ep bpv$ s¡_¡ b¡ fpS>e s¡g„NZp A_¡

kudp„^° (i¡j Ap„^°âv$¡i_y„ sV$uen¡Ó) _pd Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡.

hs®dp_ kde¡ fpS>edp„ ÓZ n¡Ó s¡g„NZp, kudp„^° A_¡

fpegkudp kpd¡g R>¡. S>¡_u fpS>^p_u l¥v$fpbpv$ R>¡.

s¡g„NZp_u fQ_p kp\¡ s¡ v$¡i_y„ f9dy„ fpS>e b_i¡ A_¡

l¥v$fpbpv$_¡ ApNpdu 10 hj® dpV$¡ s¡g„NZp A_¡ kudp„^°_u k„eyL$s

fpS>^p_u b_phhpdp„ Aphi¡.

f S|>__p fp¡S> fpô2$`rs ipk_ kdpá \ep bpv$ b„_¡ fpS>ep¡dp„

rh^p_kcpdp„ _hu kfL$pf_u fQ_p A_¡ i`\N°lZ ep¡Åi¡.

Page 3 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 3

cpfs_p fpô2$`rsA¡ 1`du gp¡L$kcp c„N L$fu

17 d¡ _p fp¡S> hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧. d_dp¡l_tkO Üpfp `p¡sp_„y

fpÆ_pdy Ap`hpdp„ Apìep bpv$ cpfs_p fpóV2$`rs îu âZh

dyMÆ® Üpfp 18 d¡ _p fp¡S 1`du gp¡L$kcp c„N L$fhpdp„ Aphu

lsu, S>¡\u _hu kfL$pf_u fQ_p_p¡ dpN® âiõs \pe.

dy¿e Qy„V$Zu L$rdi_f hu.A¡k. k„`s_u AÂenspdp„

Qy„V$Zu`„Q¡ 16du gp¡L$kcp_p _hp Qy„V$pe¡gp

`43 kæep¡_u k|Qu fpô2$`rs_¡ kp¢`u lsu.

Ap k|Qu S>_ârsr_r^ A_yÃR>¡v$ 19`1

^pfp 73 A„sN®s âõsys L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

16du gp¡L$kcpdp„ dqlgpAp¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ k„¿epdp„ rh¡S>¡sp \ep R>¡. Ap hMs¡ 61 S>¡V$gp drlgp k„kv$ kæep¡ gp¡L$kcpdp„

`lp¢Qhpdp„ kam \ep R>¡. S>¡ f009_u gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu L$fsp h^y R>¡. `9 dqlgp k„kv$ kæep¡ Qy„V$pep lsp. S>¡dp kp¥\u h^y

L$p¢N°¡k_p-f3 A_¡ cpS>`_p 13 lsp. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, B.k.19`7_u gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zudp„ 4` drlgpAp¡ Qy„V$Zu gX$ep lsp.

S>¡dp„\u ff S>¡V$gp rhS>¡sp \ep lsp.

â\dhpf kp¥\u h^y drlgp kv$õe ::

16du gp¡L$kcdp„ Qy„V$pe¡gp k„kv$ kæep¡ `¥L$u

7` % Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u õ_psL$_u qX$N°u ^fph¡ R>¡.

S>epf¡ 1`du gp¡L$kcpdp„ s¡ 79 % S>¡V$gp lsp.

s\p fp¡QL$ bpbs A¡ R>¡ L$¡, hj® f014_u

Qy„V$Zudp„ 13 % kp„kv$ A¡hp R>¡ S>¡, d¡qV2$L$ `pk

_\u. S>¡ `pR>gu 1`du gp¡L$kcpdp„ dpÓ 3 % lsp.

16du gp¡L$kcp_p 71 kv$õe(13 %) 40 hj®\u

Ap¡R>u he ^fph¡ R>¡. s\p f`3 S>¡V$gp `` hj®\u h^y he_p R>¡.

kp„kv$p¡_p ìehkpe `f _Tf _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ f7 % A¡

`p¡sp_¡ M¡X|$s v$ip®ìep R>¡. A_¡ bpv$dp„ fpS>_ursL$ S>epf¡

f4 % kpdprS>L$ L$pe®L$sp® A_¡ f0 % ^„^pv$pfu R>¡.

k

„

kv$ kæep

¡

_p

¡ Aæepk ::

16du gp¡L$kcp dpV$¡ kp¥\u h^y

dsv$p_ L$f_pf k„kv$ue n¡Ó

(1) ^ybfu (Akd) : 88.ff %

(f) _pNpg¡ÞX$ (_pNpg¡ÞX$) : 87.82 %

(3) sdgyL$ (`„.b„Npm) : 87.59 %

(4) rbk_`yf (`.b„Npm) : 86.72 %

(`) gnqÜ` (gnqÜ`) : 86.61 %

(1) îu_Nf (S>çdy L$píduf) : 25.90 %

(f) A_„s_pN (S>çdy L$píduf) : 28.84 %

(3) bpfpdyëgp (S>çdy L$píduf) : 39.13 %

(4) L$ëepZ (dlpfpô2$) : 42.88 %

(`) `V$_p kpl¡b (rblpf) : 45.33 %

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, 16du gp¡L$kcp_u fQ_p dpV$¡ kpdpÞe Qy„V$Zudp„ Ly$g 66.48% S>¡V$gy dsv$p_ \ey lsy. S>¡dp„ `yê$j

dsv$pf 67.17 % s\p dqlgp dsv$pf 6`.71 % lsp.

gp¡L$kcp Q|„V$Zu kp\¡ Ap„^°âv$¡i, rk[1⁄2$d A_¡ Ap¡qX$kp rh^p_kcp_u Qy„V$Zu `Z ep¡ÅB lsu.

Qy„V$Zu`„Q Üpfp 16du gp¡L$kcp dpV$¡ \e¡gu

Qy„V$Zu_p `qfZpdp¡ Op¡qjs \ep lsp. S>¡ q_Q¡ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡_p

lsp. kp\¡ f8f S>¡V$gu b¡W$L$ kp\¡ cpS>` A_¡ cpS>`_y„ _¡s©Ðh

^fphsy A¡_.X$u.A¡. 334 b¡W$L$ d¡mhhpdp kam \hp kp\¡ L$p¡B

`n_¡ 30 hj®_p gp„bp A„sf bpv$ `|Z® blydsu dmu lsu.

Ø cpS>` : f8f

Ø L$p¢N°¡k : 44

Ø A¡_.ku.`u. : 06

Ø L$çe|r_õV$ `pV$} (dpL®$khpv$u) : 09

Ø L$çe|r_õV$ `pV$} : 01

Ø Ap` : 04

Ø A¡.ApB.A¡.X$u.A¡d.L$¡. : 37

Ø Ap¡g BqÞX$ep A¡_.Apf.L$p¢N°¡k : 01

Ø s©Zdyg L$p¢N°¡k : 34

Ø ey_pBV$¡X$ X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡V$uL$ ä„V$ : 03

Ø buSy> S>_spv$m : f0

Ø cpfsue fpô2$ue gp¡L$v$m : 0f

Ø dyqõgd guN : 0f

Ø S>¡.A¡ÞX$ L$¡.`u.X$u.`u. : 03

Ø S>_spv$m (k¡L$eygf) : 0f

Ø S>_spv$m (ey_pBV$¡X$) : 02

Ø TpfM„X$ dyqL$s dp¡fQp : 0f

Ø L$¡fpmp L$p¢N°¡k (A¡d) : 01

Ø _pNp q``ëk ä„V$ : 01

Ø _¡i_g r``ëk `pV$} : 01

Ø `u.A¡d.L$¡. : 01

Ø fpô2$ue S>_sp v$m : 04

Ø qfhp¡ëe|i_fu kp¡íeprgõV$ `pV$} : 01

Ø iufp¡dZu AL$pguv$m : 04

Ø iuhk¡_p : 18

Ø A¡k.X$u.A¡a. : 01

Ø s¡g„NZp fpô2$ krdrs : 11

Ø s¡gyNy v$¡içp1 : 16

Ap¡g BqÞX$ep dTguk-A¡-

BÑ¡vy$g dyqõgd_ : 01

Ø A`_p v$m : 02

Ø kdsp `pV$} : 03

Ø õhpqcdp_u `n : 01

Ø hpe.A¡k.Apf. L$p¢N°¡k `n : 09

Ø kdpS>hpv$u `n : 05

Ø gp¡L$S>_ iqL$s `pV$} : 06

Ø A`n : 03

543

16du gp

¡L$kcp Qy

„

V$Zu_p `qfZpdp

¡

:-

cpfs_p fpô2$`rs îu `pk¡ k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 8` (f) (bu) A_ykpf gp¡L$kcp c„N

L$fhp_u iqL$s R>¡. Ap dpdgpdp„ fpô2$`rs r_hs®dp_ L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu d„X$m_u kgpl `f r_Z®e L$f¡

R>¡. k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 8` A_ykpf k„kv$, kÓphkp_ A_¡ rhOV$__p kÓ k„b„^¡ A¡hy

S>Zphhpey R>¡ L$¡,

¦ fpô2$`rs `p¡sp_¡ A_ykpf kde¡-kde¡ k„kv$_p âÐe¡L$ kv$__u b¡W$L$ bp¡gphhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf ^fph¡

R>¡. `f„sy 6 dpk_p `p¡sp_p `pR>gp A¡L$ kÓdp„ b¡W$L$ A_¡ ApNgp kÓdp„ `p¡sp_u â\d b¡W$L$_u

r_es \e¡gu spfuM hÃQ¡_y„ A„sf R> drl_p _lu„ lp¡e.

¦ fpô2$`rs kde kde `f b¡W$L$ bp¡gphu iL$¡ R>¡.

¦ fpô2$`rs kv$__¡ õ\rNs L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

¦ fpô2$`rs gp¡L$kcp c„N L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

gp

¡L$kcp c

„

N \hp_u âq3⁄4$ep ::

cpfsdp„ Qy„V$Zu dlp`h®_y„ kdp`_

kp¥\u Ap¡Ry> dsv$p_ L$f_pf k„kv$ue n¡Ó ::

Ly$g

Page 4 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 4

cpS>`_p _¡sp _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ f6 d¡ _p fp¡S> fpô2$`rs âZh dyMfÆA¡ fpô2$`rs ch_ Mps¡ cpfs_p 1`dp„ hX$pâ^p_ sfuL$¡ i`\ N°lZ

L$fpìep lsp. s¡d_p i`\ bpv$ AÞe 4` S>¡V$gp d„Óu S>¡dp„ f3 L$¡qb¡_V$, 10 õhs„Ó âcpf ^fphsp fpS>eL$np_p A_¡ 1f fpS>ed„Óu lsp. hX$pâ^p_ krls d„Óu

d„X$m_u Ly$g k„¿ep 46 R>¡. d„Óu d„X$mdp„ kyjdp õhfpS>, d¡_L$p Np„^u, _Tdp l¡àsyëgp, lfrkdfs L$p¥f bpv$g, Ddp cpfsu A_¡ õd©rs Bfp_u S>¡hp drlgp _¡spAp¡

kpd¡g R>¡.i`\ N°lZ kdpfp¡ldp„ kpL®$ v$¡ip¡_p V$p¡Q_p _¡sp S>¡dp„ `pqL$õsp__p hX$pâ^p_ _hpT ifua, _¡`pm_p hX$pâ^p_ kyiug L$p¡Bfpgp, AaOpr_õsp__p

fpô2$`rs lqdv$ L$fÅB, îug„L$p_p fpô2$`rs dqlÞÖp fpS>`n¡, dpgqv$h_p fpô2$`rs Aåvy$ëgp epdu_ Aåvy$g Ne|d, c|V$p__p hX$pâ^p_ Ði¡qf„N sp¡åN¡,

bp„Ágpv$¡i_u k„kv$_p AÂen iufu_ ird®_ Qp¥^fu A_¡ dp¡f¡riek_p hX$pâ^p_ _hu_ fpdNygpd D`qõ\s lsp. s¡dS> rhv$pe g¡sp hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO,

ey.`u.A¡. s\p L$p¢N°¡k AÂen kp¡r_ep Np„^u, fplyg Np„^u `|h® fpô2$`rs A¡.`u.S>¡. Aåvy$g L$gpd krls_p dlp_ycphp¡ D`qõ\s füp lsp.

_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u kp\¡ 4` d„ÓuAp¡A¡ i`\ N°lZ L$ep

®

cpfs_p 1`dp„ hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡

è `yê$ _pd _f¡ÞÖ v$pdp¡v$fv$pk dp¡v$u R>¡. _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_y„ hs_ hX$_Nf R>¡.

s¡d_p¡ S>Þdqv$hk 17 kàV$¡çbf 19`0 R>¡.

è s¡Ap¡ Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f001\u d¡ f014 ky^u NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu füp.

è Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f001dp„ L$¡iycpB `V$¡g¡ dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡\u fpÆ_pdy Ap`sp

_f¡ÞÖcpB NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep. A_¡ s¡d_p _¡s©Ðh l¡W$m

cpS>` B.k. f00f, f007, f01f_u NyS>fps rh^p_kcp_u

Qy„V$Zudp„ rhS>¡sp \ey.

è _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Ly$g Qpf hpf NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.

è _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ cpS>` Üpfp gp¡L$kcp-f014_u Qy„V$Zudp„ hX$pâ^p_

`v$_p Dd¡v$hpf Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep. s¡Ap¡ hpfpZku A_¡

hX$p¡v$fp b„_¡ b¡W$L$ `f\u rhS>¡sp \ep lsp. bpv$dp„ hX$p¡v$fp b¡W$L$ _

`f\u fpÆ_pdy Apàey R>¡.

f

Þ

¡

Ö

d

p

v

¡

u$ :

:

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Üpfp 27 d¡ _p fp¡S> L$p¥ig rhL$pk A_¡ DÛrdsp d„Ópge_u fQ_p \B lsu. Ap d„Ópge

b_phhp `pR>m_p¡ l¡sy cpfs_p L$p¥ig rhL$pk_¡ Ap¡mMhp_p¡ R>¡. Ap d„Ópge_p õhs„Ó âcpf kp\¡ Akd_p

gMud`yf b¡W$L$_p kp„kv$ kfbp_„v$ kp¡_p¡hpg_¡ fpÄe d„Óu b_phpep R>¡.

Ap _hp d„Ópge_u fQ_p_p¡ l¡sy hj® 2022 ky^u cpfsdp„ 500 rdrge_ gp¡L$p¡_p¡ L$p¥ig rhL$pk L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_y„

gÿe rkÝ^ L$fhp_y„ R>¡. A¡L$ S> kde¡ A¡L$ A¡hy `pqf[õ\rsL$ s„Ó b_phhy L$¡, S>¡ ê$L$phV$p¡_¡ Msd L$fu_¡ ìep`pf_¡

Apkp_ A_¡ DÛrdsp_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`u iL$¡. A¡hy â\d hpf bÞey R>¡ L$¡, L$p¥ig rhL$pk dpV$¡ AgN d„Ópge

b_phhpdp„ Apìey lp¡e. Ap `l¡gp Sy v$p Sy>v$p d„Ópgep¡ A_¡ A¡S>ÞkuAp¡_¡ v$¡idp„ L$p¥ig A_¡ DÛrdsp_y„ L$pe®

kp¢`hpdp„ Aphsy lsy.

hX$pâ^p_ Üpfp L$p¥ig rhL$pk A_¡ DÛrdsp d„Ópge_u fQ_p \B

Np¡`u_p\ dy„X$¡_y„ r_^_ \sp s¡d_p d„Ópge_p¡ h^pfp_p¡ L$pe®cpf L$¡[ÞÖe dpN® `qfhl_ d„Óu _urs_

NX$L$fu_¡ kp¢`hpdp„ Apìe R>¡.

cpfsue S>_sp `n_p kp¥\u _p_u he_p (52 hj®) âdyM b__pf A¡L$ cpfsue fpS>_urso A_¡

DÛp¡N`rs _urs_ NX$L$fu_p¡ S>Þd dlpfpô2$_p _pN`yf rS>ëgp_p b°pûZ `qfhpfdp„ \ep¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡

qX$k¡çbf 2009dp„ cpS>`_p _hdp fpô2$ue AÝen bÞep lsp. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u fpS>L$ue L$pfqL$v$u®_u

iê$Aps B.k. 1976dp„ _pN`yf e|r_hrk®V$udp„ cpS>`_u qhÛp\} ipMp A¡.bu.hu.`u. \u L$fu lsu.

bpv$dp„ s¡Ap¡ dpÓ 23 hj®_u he¡ cpS>` eyh dp¡Qp®_p AÝen bÞep lsp.

_urs_ NX$L$fu_¡ h^pfp_p¡ L$pe®cpf

_urs_ NX$L$fu

L$¡qb_

¡V$ d

„

Óu Np

¡

`u_p\ dy

„

X$¡

_y

„ r_^_

dlpfpô2$_u buX$ b¡W$L `f\u gp¡L$kcpdp„ Qy„V$pe¡gp cpS>`_p

AN°Zu _¡sp Np¡`u_p\ dy„X$¡A¡ N°pduZ rhL$pk A_¡ `„Qphsu fpS>

d„Ópge_p¡ âcpf k„cpýep¡ lsp¡.$

3 S|>__p fp¡S> qv$ëlu Mps¡ A¡L$ AL$õdpsdp„ s¡d_y„ r_^_ \ey lsy.

s¡d_p A„rsd k„õL$pf s¡d_p hs_ `fgu Mps¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u : hX$pâ^p_

¦ fpS>_p\tkO : N©l

¦ Aê$Z S>¡V$gu : _pZp, fnp, L$p ̧`p£f¡V$ dpdgp

¦ kyódp õhfpS> : rhv$¡i d„Óu

¦ _urs_ NX$L$fu : kX$L$ `qfhl_, rit`N

¦ A¡d. h¥L$¥ep _peX|$ : il¡fu rhL$pk, k„kv$ue dpdgp

¦ X$u.hu. kv$p_„v$ Np¥X$p : f¡gh¡

¦ Ddp cpfsu : S>m k„ip^_, N„Np `y_ê$Ý^pf

¦ X$p ̧. _Tdp l¡àsyëgp : gOydsu bpbsp¡

¦ Np¡`u_p\ dy„X$¡ : N°pduZ rhL$pk, `„Qpesu fpS>

¦ fpd rhgpk `pkhp_ : N°plL$, AÞ_ A_¡ Ål¡f rhsfZ

¦ L$gfpS> rdî : gOy DÛp¡N

¦ d¡_L$p Np„^u : drlgp A_¡ bpm rhL$pk

¦ A_„sLy$dpf : fkpeZ

¦ frhi„L$f âkpv$ : L$pev$p A_¡ Þepe, dpqlsu/âkpfZ

¦ Aip¡L$ NS>`rs : _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_

¦ A_„s Nus¡ : cpf¡ DÛp¡N

¦ îudsu lfrkdfs L$p¥f : ayX$ âp¡k¡tkN

¦ _f¡ÞÖtkl sp¡df : M__, îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf, gp¡M„X$

¦ S>yA¡g Dfp„h : S>_Årse bpbsp¡

¦ Apf.A¡d. tkl : L©$rj

¦ \phfQ„v$ Nl¡gp¡s : kpdprS>L$ Þepe Ar^L$pqfsp

¦ õd©rs Tybu_ Bfp_u : dp_h k„ip^_ rhL$pk

¦ X$p ̧. lj® h^®_ : Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `qfhpf L$ëepZ

L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óud„X$m

è hX$pâ^p__u `k„v$Nu s\p r_dZ|„L$ k„b„^u Å¡NhpBAp¡_y„ cpfsue k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 7`dp„ hZ®_

L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

è cpfsue k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (1) dyS>b hX$pâ^p__u r_dZ|„L$ fpô2$`rs L$f¡ R>¡. `f„sy AÞe d„ÓuAp¡_u

r_dZ|„L$ hX$pâ^p__u kgpl `f fpô2$`rs Üpfp \pe R>¡ A_¡ hX$pâ^p_ s¡d_¡ MpspAp¡_u kp¢`Zu L$f¡ R>¡.

è k„rh^p_dp„ d„Óu d„X$m_p kv$õep¡_u k„¿ep rhj¡ S>Zphpey _\u. s\p k„rh^p__p 91dp„ k„ip¡^_

Ar^r_ed f003 Üpfp A_yÃR>¡v$ 7`dp„ D`M„X$ (1 L$) A„s:õ\pq`s L$fu v$¡hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡ A¡hy

D`b„r^s L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡, hX$pâ^p__¡ kqçdrgs L$fsp d„ÓuAp¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep gp¡L$kcp_p Ly$g kv$õep¡_u k„Mep_p

1`% \u h^y _lu lp¡e. S>¡ 1-1-f004 âcphu bÞey R>¡.

è A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (3) A_ykpf d„Óud„X$m gp¡L$kcp âÐe¡ kpdyrlL$ ê$`¡ DÑfv$peu lp¡e R>¡.

è A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (`) dp„ hZ®_ Ap`hpd„p Apìey R>¡ L$¡, L$p¡B d„Óu S>¡ q_f„sf R> dpk_u Ahr^ ky^u k„kv$_p

L$p¡B kv$__p kv$õe _\u lp¡sp s¡ Ahq^_u kdpràs kp\¡ d„Óu _\u fl¡sp.

è gp¡L$kcp Üpfp d„Óud„X$m L$¡ hX$pâ^p_ rhê$Â^ Arhðpk âõsph `kpf L$fu_¡ s¡d_¡ `v$ `f\u lV$phu iL$pe

R>¡.

è d„Óu d„X$mdp„ ÓZ âL$pf_p d„Óu lp¡e R>¡. (1) L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu, (f) fpS>ed„Óu, (3) D`d„Óu, L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu

S>¡-s¡ rhcpN_p kh¡®khp® lp¡e R>¡. L$¡rb_¡V$ âdyMs: _urs r_^p®fL$ lp¡e R>¡.

è fpS>ed„Óu s\p D`d„Óu L$¡rb_¡V$ rdqV„$Ndp„ cpN _\u gB iL$sp. dpÓ rhi¡j Apd„ÓZ `f cpN gB iL$¡ R>¡.

D`d„Óu d„Ópge_p L$p¡B rhcpN_p cpf kp^L$ lp¡e R>¡.

hX$pâ^p__u r_dZ|„L$ k„b„r^s b„^pfZue Å¡NhpB ::

¦ S>_fg hu.L$¡. tkl : `|hp£Ñf n¡Ó rhL$pk, rhv$¡i

¦ HÖÆs tkl fph : Apep¡S>_, fnp

¦ k„sp¡jLy$dpf N„Nhpf : h÷, k„kv$ue bpbsp¡, S>m k„ip^_

¦ îu`v$ N¡õkp¡ _pBL$ : k„õL©$rs A_¡ `e®V$_

¦ ^d£ÞÖ â^p_ : `¡V2$p¡rged A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k

¦ kbp®_„v$p kp¡_hpg : L$p¥ig rhL$pk, eyhp bpbsp¡, M¡g

¦ `°L$pi ÅhX$¡L$f : dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ, `ep®hfZ,

h_, S>mhpey `qfhs®_

¦ r`e|j Np¡eg : DÅ®, L$p¡gkp

¦ X$p ̧. rS>s¡ÞÖtkl : rhop_ A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ, A„sqfn rhcpN,

hX$pâ^p_ L$pep®ge

¦ îudsu> r_d®gp kuspfd_ : hprZÄe A_¡ DÛp¡N, _pZp,

¦ L$p ̧`p£f¡V$ bpbsp¡

¦ Æ.A¡d. rkÝ^¡ðfp : _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_

¦ d_p¡S>tklp : f¡gh¡

¦ r_lpgQ„v$ : fkpeZ

¦ D`¡ÞÖ Ly$ihplp : N°pduZ qhL$pk, `„Qpesu fpS

¦ fp^pL©$óZ_ `u. : cpf¡ DÛp¡N, Ål¡f DÛed

¦ qL$fZ qfrS>S|> : N©l bpbsp¡

¦ îu L©$óZ`pg> : kX$L$ `qfhl_, _¡i_g lpB h¡, riq`„N

¦ X$p ̧. k„ÆhLy$dpf bpgep_ : L©$rj, ayX$ âp¡k¡tkN

¦ d_kyMcpB hkphp : S>_Årse bpbsp¡

¦ fph kpl¡b v$pv$pfph v$p_h¡ : N°plL$ bpbsp¡, AÞ_ A_¡ Ål¡f rhsfZ

¦ rhóÏ v$¡h kpB : M__, îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf, gp¡M„X$

¦ kyv$i®_ cNs : kpdprS>L$ Þepe A_¡ Aq^L$pqfsp

L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu

fpÄe L$np_p d„Óu

Page 5 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 5

`p¡sp_u fpS>_ursL$ Æh__u iê$Aps A¡L$

A¡_.A¡k.ey.ApB. L$pe®L$sp® ê$`¡ L$f_pf L$p¢N°¡k

_¡sp _pbpd syL$u kss buÆhpf Aê$ZpQg

âv$¡i_p dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡ 18 d¡ _p fp¡S> Apê$Y$

\ep lsp. s¡d_¡ fpS>e`pg A_¡ k¡hp r_h©s

g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg r_c®e idp® Üpfp fpS>^p_u

BV$p_Nf Mps¡ fpS>ch_dp„ `v$ A_¡

Np¡`r_esp_p i`\ g¡hfphhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

_pbpd syL$u A¡hp 7dp„ ìeqL$s R>¡ L$¡ S>¡

Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep lp¡e.

Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i_p `p`yd`pf¡ rS>‰p_p

_p_p A¡hp Npd Ap¡d`ygudp„ 7 Sy>gpB 1964_p fp¡S> S>Þd¡gp _pbpd syL$u

1 _h¡çbf f011_p fp¡S> fpS>e_p r_ri kdyv$pe_p â\d dy¿ed„Óu

b_hp_y Np¥fh ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ rh^p_kcpdp„ â\dhpf B.k.1994dp„

Q|„V$pep A_¡ Np¡Np„N A`p„N kfL$pfdp„ _peb L©$qjd„Óu bÞep. hs®dp_dp„

s¡Ap¡ Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i_p q3⁄4$L$¡V$ k„O_p AÂen `Z R>¡.

31 Sy>gpB f014_p fp¡S> k¡hp r_h©Ñ \B fl¡gp hs®dp_ k¡_p âdyM S>_fg

rh3⁄4$drk„l_p õ\p_ `f g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg v$gqbftkl_u r_dZ|„L$ L$fhp_u bpbs_u

hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_u AÂensp ^fphsu d„Óu d„X$m_u r_dZ|„L$ bpbsp¡_u

krdrsA¡ 13 d¡ _p fp¡S> Op¡jZp L$fu lsu. d„Óu d„X$m_u r_dZ|„L$ krdrs_¡ Ap fnp

d„Ópge_u cgpdZ âpá \hp kp\¡ Ap d„S| fu âv$p_ \B lsu.

g¡aV$_¢V$ S>_fg v$grbftkl kylpN D` k¡_p âdyM (hpBk Qua Ap ̧a Apd}

õV$pa)_p `v$¡ L$pe®fs R>¡. A_¡ g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg õsf_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡dp„ kp¥\u hqf›$

R>¡. s¡d_p¡ k¡_p âdyM sfuL$¡_p¡ L$pe®L$pm 30 dpk_p¡ fl¡i¡.

g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg kylpN B.k.1970dp„ fpô2$ue fnp AL$pv$du (A¡_.X$u.A¡.)dp„ kpd¡g

\ep. S|>_ 1974dp„ s¡d_¡ 4:` Æ.Apf. L$rdi_ âpá \ey lsy. s¡dZ¡ cpfs

sfa\u îug„L$pdp„ "Ap¡`f¡i_ `h_'dp„ L„$`_u L$dp„X$f s\p S|>gpB f003\u

dpQ® f00` v$frdep_ L$píduf MuZdp„ Aps„L$hpv$ rhfp¡^u

Arcep_p¡ kpd¡ `3du Bçä„¡V2$u rb°N¡X$_u L$dp_ k„cpmu

lsu. s¡dS> Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f007\u qX$k¡çbf f008

hÃQ¡ L$pfNugdp„ 8 dpDÞV$¡_

qX$huT__u L$dp„qX„$N

k„cpmu lsu.

_hp k¡

_p âdyM sfuL$¡

g

¡aV$_

„

V$ S>_fg v$gbuftkl kylpN_p _pd_u Op

¡

jZp

Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i_p dy

¿ed

„

Óu `v$¡

_pbpd syL$u

L$¡qÞÖe S>m e Ap p¡N

L$¡qÞÖe S>m Apep¡N_p AÂen `v$¡

A¡.bu. `„X$ep_u r_dZ|„2L$ 1` d¡ _p fp¡S> S>m

k„ip^_ d„Ópge Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

kp¥fpô2$ e|r_hrk®V$udp„ rkrhg

A¡qÞS>q_ef]N õ_psL$ A_¡ ApB.ApB.V$u.

qv$ëlu\u õV2$L$Qfg A¡qÞS>r_ef]Ndp„

õ_psL$p¡Ñf A¡.bu.`„X$ep Ap `v$¡ h^pfp_p¡

L$pe®cpf _h¡çbf f013 \u k„cpmsp lsp.

cpfs v$¡idp„ S>m k„ip^_ n¡Ó¡ L$¡qÞÖe S>m Apep¡N A¡L$ âdyM sL$_uL$u

k„NW$_ R>¡. S>¡ cpfs kfL$pf_p S>m k„ip^_ d„Ópge_¡ Apr^_ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡.

Apep¡N k„b„r^s fpS>e kfL$pfp¡ kp\¡ `fpdi® Üpfp `yf r_e„ÓZ, tkQpB,

`uhp_p `pZu_u Ap`|rs®, S>m rhÛys rhL$pk_p âep¡S>_ bv$g kdN° v$¡idp„

S>m k„ip^_p¡_y„ r_e„ÓZ, k„fnZ A_¡ D`ep¡N k„b„^u ep¡S>_pAp¡ iê$ L$fhp,

kdÞhe L$fhp s\p s¡_¡ ApNm h^pfhp_y L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡.

cpfsue d|m_p d_uj ipl Ad¡qfL$pdp„

k„Oue Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s

Ad¡qfL$p_u k„kv$_p rh^peu A„N ku_¡V$

Üpfp 9`-0 dsp¡ kp\¡ cpfsue d|m_p

Ad¡qfL$p_p Þe|ep¡L®$dp„ S>Þd¡gp d_uj

ipl_¡ f d¡_p fp¡S> "Brg_pek'_p

k„Oue Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s

L$ep® R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs k¡_p_p 13 Ap¡Nô$ f014_p fp¡S> k¡hp r_h©Ñ \B fl¡gp Qu_u d¡S>f S>_fg QpAp¡ gue|_p

õ\p_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkrQh bp_ L$u d|_ Üpfp _p¡h£_p drlgp d¡S>f S>_fg q3⁄4$õV$u_ gy„X$_u r_dZ|„L$ \B R>¡. S>¡_u

Op¡jZp k„eyL$s fpô2$ âhL$sp õV$ua¡_ Xy$S>qf®L$ Üpfp 1f d¡ _p fp¡S> \B lsu.

q3⁄4$õV$u_ gy„X$ k„eyL$s fpô2$ip„rs k¡_p_p â\d drlgp S>_fg b_u Nep R>¡. hj® f014dp„ kpBâkdp„ ip„rs

k¡_p_y„ _¡s©Ðh L$fi¡. qL$õV$u_ gy„X$ hj® 1979dp„ _p¡h£_u k¡_pdp„ kpd¡g \ep lsp. hj® f006dp„ Ad¡qfL$p_u Apd}

hp¡f L$pg¡S>dp„ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡. hj® f007dp„ _p¡h£_u k¡_p_p ap¡k® L$dp„X$_p D` L$dp„X$f A_¡ bpv$dp„ hj® f009dp„

_p¡h£_p â\d drlgp d¡S>f S>_fg bÞep lsp.

k

„

eyL$s fpô2$ ip

„rs k¡

_p S>_fg `v$¡ q3⁄4$õVu$_ gy

„

X$-â\d drlgp

30 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ B.k.1968_u b¡Q_p ApB.`u.A¡k. k¡hp

r_h©Ñ Ar^L$pfu AÆsLy$dpf X$p¡cpg_u fpô2$ue kyfnp kgplL$pf sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fu R>¡. Ap `v$

`f s¡Ap¡ hX$pâ^p__p L$pe®L$pm A\hp ApNgp Apv$¡i S>¡ `l¡gy lp¡e Ðep„ ky^u fl¡i¡. s¡Ap¡ NyáQf

åe|fp¡ (ApB.bu.)_p `|h® âdyM sfuL$¡ L$pe® L$fu QyL$ep R>¡. s¡dS> cpfs_p A¡L$dpÓ A¡hp rkrhg

Ar^L$pfu R>¡, S>¡_¡ rhfsp bv$g cpfsue k¡_p_¡ âv$p_ \sy buÅ _„bf_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ kçdp_ L$urs®

Q3⁄4$\u kçdpr_s \B QyL$ep lp¡e.

fpô2$ue kyfnp kgplL$pf (A¡_.A¡k.A¡.)_y„ `v$ B.k.1998dp„ sÐL$prg_ hX$pâ^p_ AV$g

rblpfu bpS>`pB_u kfL$pf Üpfp kS®>_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. s¡dp„ kgplL$pf sfuL$¡ â\dhpf b°S>¡i

rdîp r_dZ|„L$ `pçep lsp.

fpô2$ue kyfnp kgplL$pf kyfnp k„b„r^s âÐe¡L$ bpbsp¡ `f hX$pâ^p__¡ kgpl Ap`¡ R>¡.

v$¡i_u dy¿e NyàsQf A¡S>ÞkuAp¡ kyfnp kgplL$pf_¡ qf`p¡V®$ L$f¡ R>¡.

hX$pâ^p_ L$pep®ge (`u.A¡d.Ap¡.)dp„ dy¿e krQh_u c|rdL$p dlÐh`|Z® lp¡e

R>¡. s¡Ap¡ `u.A¡d.Ap¡. L$¡rb_¡V$ krQhpge A_¡ d„Ópgep¡_p krQhp¡ hÃQ¡ kdÞhe

dpV$¡ k„`L®$_y„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡.

_hu L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pfdp„ cpfsue v|$fk„Qpf r_epdL$ Ap ̧\p¡qfV$u (V2$pB)_p `|h® AÂen

_©`¡_ rdî_u `u.A¡d.Ap¡. dy¿e krQh `v$¡ f8 d¡ _p fp¡S> r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ Ap `v$ `f hj® f011 \u f014 v$fqdep_ fl¡gp `ygL$ Q¡V$fÆ_y„ õ\p_ gu^y

R>¡.

V2$pB L$p_y_p k¡L$i_ ` -(A¡Q) A_ykpf V2$pB_p AÂen L$¡ kv$õe `v$¡ fl¡$_pf

L$¡ÞÖ L$¡ fpS>e kfL$pfp¡_p L$p¡B AÞe `v$ `f q_dZ|„L$ `pdhp bpbs¡ âqsb„r^s R>¡.

S>¡dp„ k„ip¡^_ L$fhp _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p _¡s©Ðhhpmu L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ A¡L$ AÂepv$¡i Åfu

L$fu_¡ _©`¡_ rdî_u r_dZ|„L$ dpV$¡_p¡ dpN® kfm L$ep£ lsp¡.

B.k.1967_u DÑfâv$¡i L$¡X$f_p ApB.A¡.A¡k. Ar^L$pfu _©`¡_ rdî hj®

f006 \u f009 v$frdep_ "V2$pB'_p AÂen füp lsp. s¡Ap¡ fpS>_urs ip÷ A_¡

`qågL$ A¡X$rdr_õV2$¡i_dp„ õ_psL$p¡Ñf R>¡.

cpfs_p A¡V$_} S>_fg Nygpd hlpZhV$uA¡ f7 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> `p¡sp_„y fpÆ_pdy Apàey lsy. s¡d_p¡

L$pe®L$pm 7 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> `|Z® \sp¡ lsp¡. s¡d_¡ S|>_ f009dp„ e|.`u.A¡. kfL$pf Üpfp cpfs_p 13dp„

A¡V$_} S>_fg b_phpep lsp. hj® f01fdp„ s¡d_u b¡ hj® dpV$¡ k¡hp rhõspfhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs kfL$pf_y„ A¡V$_} S>_fg `v$ A¡L$ k„h¡^pr_L$ `v$ R>¡ A_¡ Ap `v$ k„b„r^s

ìeqL$s_¡ L$pe®L$pm `|Z® \hp ky^u kp^pfZ fus¡ lV$phpsp _\u `f„sy A¡hu `f„`fp R>¡ L$¡, _hu kfL$pf

Aphsp S|_u kfL$pf_p L$pev$p Ar^L$pfu `p¡sp_p `v$ `f\u õhe„ fpô$2`rs_¡ fpÆ_pdy Ap`¡ R>¡.

Nygpd hlpZhV$u_p õ\p_ `f f8 d¡ _p fp¡S> cpfs_p 14dp„ A¡V$_} S>_fg sfuL$¡ dyLy$g fp¡lsNu_u

r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu.

dyLy$g fp¡lsNuA¡ hj® f00f_p NyS>fps v„$Np, Ålufp i¡M A_¡ b¡õV$ b¡L$fu dpdg¡ s\p s¡_p S>¡hp A_¡L$

dpdgpAp¡dp„ kyr`°d L$p¡V®$dp„ NyS>fps kfL$pf_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$ey® lsy. s¡Ap¡ v$¡i_u V$p¡Q_u L„$`_uAp¡_p hL$ug

R>¡. s¡dZ¡ 2G Np¡V$pmpdp„ V$p¡Q_u L„$`_uAp¡_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$ey® lsy. s¡dS> hj® 1999dp„ A¡_.X$u.A¡.

ipk_ A„sN®s ArsqfL$s kp¡rgkuV$f S>_fg lsp. s¡dS> hj® f01fdp„ L$¡fm_p sV$¡ b¡ dpR>udpfp¡_u

lÐepdp„ kpd¡g BV$pgu dqf_ k„b„r^s dpdg¡ kyrâd L$p¡V®$dp„ BV$pgu v|$sphpk_y„ ârsr_q^Ðh L$ey® lsy.

A¡V$_} S>_fg cpfs kfL$pf_p â\d L$pev$p Ar^L$pfu A_¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p âp\rdL$ Ar^hL$sp

lp¡e R>¡. s¡d_u r_e|qL$s cpfs_p fpô2$`rs Üpfp k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 76 (1) A„sN®s \pe R>¡. A¡V$_}

S>_fg dpV$¡ A¡hu S> ep¡Áesp S>ê$fu R>¡, S>¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui dpV$¡ S>ê$fu R>¡.

cpfs kfL$pf_p A¡V$_} S>_fg k„kv$_u L$pe®hpludp„ cpN gB iL$¡ R>¡ `f„sy s¡d_¡ k„kv$_u A„v$f L$p¡B

dyv«¡ \sp dsv$p_dp„ cpN g¡hp_p¡ Ar^L$pf _\u. cpfs_p â\d A¡V$_} S>_fg A¡d.ku. iusghpX$ (f8-

01-19`0/01-03-1963) lsp.

μ cpfs_p k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 76dp„ cpfs_p A¡V$_} S>_fg dpV$¡ Ap âdpZ¡ v$ip®hpey R>¡.

μ cpfs_p fpô2$`rs DÃQsd Þepepge_p Þepep^ui _fuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ `pdhp ep¡Áe L$p¡B ìeqL$s_¡

A¡V$_} S>_fg sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s L$fi¡.

μ v$¡i_p A¡V$_} S>_fg_y„ L$pe® L$p_|_u dpdgpAp¡dp„ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_¡ kgpl v$¡hp_„y A_¡ L$p_|_u n¡Ó_u

A¡hu S>hpbv$pfuAp¡ hl_ L$fhp_y R>¡, S>¡ fpô2$`rs Üpfp s¡d_u `pk¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

μ `p¡sp_p L$s®ìe kdeNpmp v$frdep_ s¡d_¡ v$¡i_p L$p¡B`Z Þepepgedp„ D`qõ\s \hp_p¡ Ar^L$pf

R>¡.

μ cpfs_p A¡V$_} S>_fg cpfs kfL$pf_p dy¿e L$p_|_u kgplL$pf s\p cpfsue DÃQsd

Þepepgedp„ kfL$pf_p dy¿e hqL$g lp¡e R>¡.

cpfs_p 14dp

„

A¡V$_} S>_fg `v$¡

dyLy$g fp

¡

lsNu

dyLy$g fp¡lsNu_u r_dZ|„L$

A¡V$_} S>_fg_p `v$ k„b„r^s ::-

A¡V$_} S>_fg dpV$¡ b„^pfZue Å¡NhpB ::

hX$pâ^p__p dy¿e krQh `v$¡ _©`¡_ rdî

fpô2$ue kyfnp kgplL$pf (A¡_.A¡k.A¡.)_p

`v$ `f AÆsLy$dpf X$p¡cpg r_e|L$s \ep

_¡i_g rkL$e|qfV$u A¡X$hpBTf

_p¥k¡_p_p hpBk Qua (D` âdyM) sfuL$¡

hpBk A¡X$dufg ky_ug gp„bp

cpfs_p fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆ Üpfp _p¥k¡_p_p hpBk Qua (D`

âdyM) sfuL$¡ hpBk A¡X$dufg ky_ug gp„bp_u r_dZ|„L$ 31 d¡ _p fp¡S>

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Page 6 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 6

spfuM ff d¡ f014_p fp¡S> NyS>fps fpS>e_u fQ_p bpv$ `4 hj£ fpS>e_u bpNX$p¡f â\dhpf L$p¡B drlgp_¡ kp¢`hpdp„ Aphu. fpS>e_p 1`dp„ dy¿ed„Óu

A_¡ õhs„Ó cpfs_p Brslpkdp„ 14dp„ drlgp dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡ Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g 1f.39 rdr_V$¡ rhS>e dyly®sdp„ Np„^u_Nf_p dlpÐdp d„qv$f Mps¡ f1

d„ÓuAp¡_¡ (7 L$¡rb_¡V$ A_¡ 14 fpS>eL$np_p) kp\¡ dqlgp fpS>e`pg X$p ̧.L$dgpÆ b¡r_hpg¡ `v$ A_¡ Np¡`r_esp_p i`\ N°lZ L$fpìep lsp.

NyS>fps_p â\d drlgp dy¿ed„Óu b_hp_y kçdp_ Ap_„v$ub¡__¡ âpá \ey R>¡. s¡dS> fpS>edp„ â\dhpf A¡hu bpbs `Z b_u R>¡ L$¡, fpS>e`pg A_¡

dy¿ed„Óu b„_¡ drlgp lp¡e. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, NyS>fps_p â\d dqlgp fpS>e`pg îudsu ipfv$p dyMfÆ B.k.1978 \u 1983 v$fqdep_ `v$pr^_ lsp.

NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡ Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g

cpfs v$¡i_p rhrh^ fpS>ep¡_p drlgp dy¿ed„ÓuAp

¡

õhs„Ó cpfsdp„ â\dhpf L$p¡B fpS>e_p drlgp

dy¿ed„Óu b_hp_y kv$1cpÁe õhs„Ósp k¡_p_u

kyQ¡sp L©$`gp_u (kyQ¡sp dS>dyv$pf)_¡ âpá \ey lsy.

s¡Ap¡ f Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 1963_p fp¡S> DÑfâv$¡i_p

dy¿ed„Óu bÞep lsp. s¡Ap¡ L$p¢N°¡k `ndp„\u Qy„V$pep

lsp.

(1) kyQ¡sp L©$`gp_u (1963-67) ::

v$¡i_p buÅ drlgp dy¿ed„Óu b_hp_y

kv$1cpÁe _„qv$_u ks`Ð\u_¡ âpá \ey. s¡Ap¡ 14

S>|_ 197f_p fp¡S> Ap¡qX$kp fpS>e_p dy¿ed„Óu

bÞep. B.k.1974dp„ `Z afuhpf dy¿ed„Óu

bÞep lsp. s¡Ap¡ L$p¢N°¡k `pV$}dp„\u Qy„V$pep lsp.

(f) _„qv$_u ks`Ð\u (197f-73) ::

v$¡idp„ ÓuÅ dy¿ed„Óu sfuL$¡ dlpfpô2$hpv$u Np¡dp„sL$

`pV$u_p iriL$gp L$pL$p¡X$L$f 1f Ap¡Nô$ 1973_p fp¡S>

Np¡hp fpS>e_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep. A¡ kde¡ Np¡hp_¡ `|Z®

fpS>e_p¡ v$fÄÅ¡ dm¡gp¡ _ lsp¡. B.k.1977dp„ s¡Ap¡

afuhpf Np¡hp_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep lsp.

(3) iriL$gp L$pL$p

¡

X$L$f (1973-1979) ::

Akd fpS>e_p dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡

L$p¢N°¡k_p dqlgp _¡sp k¥ev$p A_hfp

s¥d|f 6 qX$k¡çbf 1980\u 30 S|_

1981 v$fqdep_ füp lsp.

(4) k¥

ev$p A_hfp s

¥

d|f (1980-81) ::

(`) Å_L$u fpdQ„Ö_ (1988) ::

srdg_pXy$_p buÅ drlgp dy¿ed„Óu

sfuL$¡ f4 S|>_ 1991_p fp¡S> S>¡.S>egrgsp

r_e|L$s \ep. s¡dZ¡ 1991-96, f001,

f00f-f006 s\p f011dp„ Qp¡\uhpf

dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.

(6) S>¡.S>egrgsp ::

blyS>_ kdpS> `pV$}_p dpephsu

DÑfâv$¡i_p buÅ dqlgp dy¿ed„Óu sfuL$¡ 3

S|>_ 199`_p fp¡S> r_e|L$s \ep. Ðepfbpv$ s¡Ap¡

1997, f00f-f003, f007-f01f A¡d Ly$g

Qpfhpf dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.

(7) dpephsu ::

`„Åb fpS>e_p â\d dqlgp dy¿ed„Óu

`v$¡ ApêY$ \_pf L$p¢N°¡k_p fprS>Þv$f L$p¥f

cË$g f1 ÅÞe|Apfu 1996_p fp¡S> r_dZ|„L$

`pçep lsp.

(8) fpÆÞv$f L$p

¥f cË$g (1996-97) :: gpgy âkpv$ epv$h QpfpL$p„X$dp„ akpsp S>¡gepÓp

L$fhp_p¡ ep¡N b_sp s¡d_p `qÐ_ fpbX$uv$¡hu f` Sy>gpB

1997_p fp¡S> rblpf_p â\d drlgp dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.

fpô2$ue S>_sp v$m_p fpbX$u v$¡hu 1997-99,

1999-f000, f000-f00` A¡d Ly$g ÓÎphpf

dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.

(9) fpbX$u v$¡hu ::

cpS>` Üpfp qv$ëlu fpS>e_u kfL$pf bQphhp dpV$¡ kyódp õhfpS>_¡

qv$ëlu_p â\d drlgp dy¿ed„Óu b_phpep. s¡Ap¡ 1f Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf 1998_p fp¡S>

dy¿ed„Óu bÞep. `f„sy Xy„$Nmu_p cph r_f„Ly$i b_sp cpS>`_u rh^p_kcp Qy„V$Zudp„

lpf \B A_¡ L$p¢N°¡k_p drlgp _¡sp qigp vuq$ns_p¡ Dv$e \ep¡.

è kyódp õhfpS> cpfs_p â\d dqlgp rhv$¡id„Óu sfuL$¡ f6d¡ f014_p fp¡S> r_e|L$s \ep.

Å¡ L$¡, kyódp õhfpS> `l¡gp BqÞv$fp Np„^u rhv$¡i â^p_ flu QyL$ep R>¡. `f„sy s¡Ap¡

B.k.1967 A_¡ 1984dp„ hX$pâ^p_ `v$ ^fphhp kp\¡ qhv$¡i â^p__y„ `v$ ^fphsp

lsp.

è kyódp õhfpS> cpfsdp„ L$p¡B fpS>_ursL$ v$m_p â\d dqlgp âhL$sp b_hp_y s\p

B.k.1977dp„ lqfepZp kfL$pfdp„ f` hj®_u he¡ kp¥\u eyhp L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu b_hp_y

kv$1cpÁe ^fph¡ R>¡.

è A¡L$ kde¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ hqL$gps L$f_pf kyódp õhfpS>¡ `p¡sp_u fpS>_ursL$

L$pfqLv}_u iê$Aps 1970_p v$kL$pdp„ Apf.A¡k.A¡k._p rhÛp\} A¡L$d A¡.bu.hu.`u.

kp\¡ iê$ L$fu lsu.

è s¡Ap¡ kpshpf k„kv$ kæe s\p ÓZhpf rh^p_kcp kv$õe b_u QyL$ep R>¡.

B.k.1996dp„ 13 qv$hk dpV$¡ b_¡gu AV$g rblpfu bpS>`pB_u kfL$pfdp„ L$¡qÞÖe

dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ d„Óu bÞep lsp.

è B.k. f009 \u f014_p ey.`u.A¡-f_p ipk_ v$frdep_ kyjdp õhfpS> gp¡L$kcpdp„

rh`n_p _¡sp lsp.

(10) kyódp õhfpS> (1998) ::

kyódp õhfpS> bpv$ qv$ëlu

fpS>e_p buÅ drlgp _¡sp L$p¢N°¡k_p

iugp v$urns B.k.1998dp„

dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡ r_e|L$s \ep s¡Ap¡A¡

qv$ëlu_p rhL$pkdp„ tklapmp¡ Apàep¡

A_¡ kss ÓZ V$d® ky^u fpS>e_p

dy¿ed„Óu füp. f013_u

rh^p_kcp Qy„V$Zudp„ Apd Apv$du

`pV$}_p Afthv$ L$¡S>fuhpg¡ s¡d_¡

`fpS>e_p¡ õhpv$ QMpX$ep¡.

(14) hky„^fp fpS>¡ tkr^ep ::

cpS>`_p drlgp _¡sp hky„^fp fpS>¡ 8 qX$k¡çbf

f003_p fp¡S> fpS>õ\p_ fpS>e_p â\d dqlgp

dy¿ed„Óu b_hp_y Np¥fh ^fph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ s¡Ap¡

buÆhpf fpS>e_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep R>¡.

μ Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g : dy¿ed„Óu

μ v$ugu` W$pL$p¡f : îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf d„Óu

μ hkyb¡_ qÓh¡v$u : dlugp A_¡ bpm L$ëepZ

d„Óu

μ âqv$`tkl ÅX$¡Å : L$pev$p¡ A_¡ Þepes„Ó

μ cy`¡ÞÖrk„l QyX$pkdp : rinZ d„Óu

μ R>Ótkl dp¡fu : AÞ_ A_¡ _pNfuL$ `yfhW$p

μ S>eêÖtkl `fdpf : dpN® A_¡ dL$p_

μ fS>_uL$p„s `V$¡g : N©ld„Óu

μ Np¡thv$cpB `V$¡g : L©$rj A_ ¡ `pZu `yfhW$p¡

μ _p_ycpB hp_pZu : fds-Nds d„Óu

μ S>e„rscpB L$hpqX$ep : `„Qpes N°pd rhL$pk d„Óu

μ i„L$fcpB Qp¥^fu : Apfp¡Áe-`qfhpf L$ëepZ

μ spfpQ„v $ R>¡X$p : Ly$qV$f, Np¥ k„h^®_

μ S>e¡i fpv$X$uep : âhpk_ d„Óu

μ bQycpB MpbX$ : `iy`pg_ dÐõeDÛp¡N

μ L$p„rscpB Npdus : Apqv$Års rhL$pk d„Óu

μ _urs_cpB `V$¡g : Apfp¡Áe d„Óu

μ fdZgpg hp¡fp : kpdpÆL$ Þepe Ar^L$pfusp

μ kp¥fccpB `V$¡g : _pZp„/DÅ ®d„Óu

μ NZ`s hkphp : h_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ d„Óu

μ bpby bp¡rMfuep : `pZu `yfhW$ p d„Óu

fpS>e kfL$pf_y„ d„Óu d„X$m

Ap¡g BqÞX$ep AÞ_p ÖdyL$ dy_¡Ó L$TNd `n_p

_¡sp sqdg_pXy$_p sÐL$pgu_ dy¿ed„Óu A¡d.Æ.

fpdQ„Ö__y„ r_^_ \sp s¡d_p `qÐ_ Å_L$u fpdQ„Ö_

7 ÅÞeyApfu 1988_p fp¡S> dy¿ed„Óu bÞep. Å¡ L$¡,

s¡d_p bpv$ s¡d_p `n `f S>¡ s¡ kde¡ raëd

Aqc_¡Óu fl¡gp S>¡.S>egrgsp_y„ r_e„ÓZ \B Ney.

cpS>`_p drlgp _¡sp Ddp cpfsu

dÂeâv$¡i_p â\d drlgp dy¿ed„Óu R>¡.

(12) iugp vu$qns ::

(1998-f013) ::

(11) Dçpp cpfsu (f003-f004) ::

X$pb¡fuAp¡_p 34 hj® S|>_p ipk_ ^fphsp

NY$_¡ sp¡X$u_¡ s©Zdyg L$p¢N°¡k_p s¡S> sfp®f _¡sp

ddsp b¡_Æ® f0 d¡ f011_p fp¡S> `.b„Npm_p

â\d dy¿ed„Óu bÞep lsp.

(13) ddsp b¡_fÆ ::

Page 7 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 7

v$¡i_p dy¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f `v$¡ ApB.bu._p `|h® X$pef¡L$V$f fpÆh dp\yf_¡ ff d¡ _p fp¡S>

fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆ Üpfp fpô2$`rs ch_dp„ `v$ A_¡ Np¡`r_esp_p i`\ N°lZ

L$fphhpdp„ Apìep lsp. fpÆh dp\yf¡ f1 d¡ _p fp¡S> k¡hp r_h©s \e¡gp kyjdptkl_y„ õ\p_

gu^y. s¡Ap¡ v$¡i_p R>Ì$p dy¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f bÞep R>¡.

fpÆh dp\yf_p¡ L$pe®L$pm f3 Ap¡NóV$ f014 ky^u R>¡. dy¿e dprlsu L$rdñf_p¡ L$pe®L$pm

`v$N°lZ\u `p„Q hj® ky^u L$¡ 6` hj®_u he ky^u lp¡e R>¡. s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$_¡ `|h® hX$pâ^p_

X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_y„ AÂen `v$ ^fphsu ÓZ kv$õep¡_u `k„v$Nu krdrsA¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u lsu.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, kp¥ â\d dy¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f hÅls lbubyëgp s\p A¡_.rshpfu (buÅ), kÐep_„v$

rdîp (ÓuÅ), qv$`L$ k„^y (Qp¡\p A_¡ â\d drlgp dy¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f), kyjdptkl (`p„Qdp) dy¿e dprlsu

L$rdi_f lsp.

L$píduf MuZdp„ DN°hpv$ V$p¡Q¡ lp¡hp kde¡ fpS>e_p

`p¡rgk rhcpNdp„ dlÐh`|Z® L$pdNufu L$f_pf

B.k.1984_u b¡Q_p ApB.`u.A¡k. L$¡.fpS>¡ÞÖLy$dpf_u f1

d¡ _p fp¡S> S>çdy L$píduf_p `p¡rgk hX$p `v$¡ r_dZ|„L$ \B R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ Aip¡L$ âkpv$_y„ õ\p_ qg^y R>¡.

B.k.1997dp„ `p¡sp_p r`sp buS|> `V$_peL$_y„ r_^_ \sp fpS>_ursdp„ L$v$d

dp„X$_pf A_¡ 17 hj®_u `p¡sp_u L$pfqL®$v$udp„ `p¡sp_¡ l„d¡ip kpv$Nucfu Æh_i¥gudp„

kd¡V$u fpMu_¡ ^uf¡-^uf¡ d„Tpe¡gp ApÐdrhðpk kp\¡ rh`fus `qfqõ\rsAp¡_¡ klS>

fus¡ lg L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_p fpS>_ursL L$p¥iëe_p¡ `qfQe Ap`_pf _hu_ `V$_peL$_p `n

bu.S>¡.X$u. A¡ Ap¡qX$kp_u gp¡L$kcp_u f1 `¥L$u f0 A_¡ rh^p_kcp_u 147 `¥L$u 117

S>¡V$gu b¡W$L$p¡ âpá L$fu lsu. r`sp buS|> `V$_peL$_p õhà_p¡_¡ lqL$L$sdp„ `gV$phhp

dpV$¡ L$pe®fs _hu_ `V$_peL$ Üpfp Qy„V$Zudp„ v$¡icfdp„ dp¡v$u ël¡f lp¡hp R>sp `Z b„`f âv$i®_ L$ey® lsy.

Ap¡qX$kp rh^p_kcp D`fp„s bu.S>¡.X$u_¡ 117, L$p¢N°¡k_¡ 16, cpS>`_¡ 10, kdsp 3⁄4$p„rsv$m-1,

X$pb¡fu-1, A`n-f b¡W$L$p¡ âpá \B lsu.

R>Ì$p dy

¿e dprlsu L$rdi_f `v$¡ fpÆh dp\yf

ÅZusp rinZrhv$1 l¡dQÞÖ Nyáp_u cpfs_p fpô2$`rs îu âZh

dyMfÆ Üpfp f0 d¡ _p fp¡S> k„O gp¡L$ k¡hp Apep¡N (e|.`u.A¡k.ku.)_p

kv$õe sfuL$¡ R> hj®_p L$pe®L$pm dpV$¡ r_dZ|„L$ \B R>¡. ApB.ApB.V$u.

qv$ëlu_p `|h® âp ̧a¡kf l¡dQÞÖ Nyáp Sy>gpB f011 \u kàV$¡çbf f011 ky^u

d¡fW$ Mps¡_u Qp¥^fu QfZtkl e|r_hrk®V$u_p Ly$g`rs flu Q|L$ep R>¡.

B.k.19f6dp„ õ\`pe¡g k„O gp¡L$ k¡hp Apep¡N cpfs_u ApTpv$u bpv$

cpfsue k„rh^p_ Üpfp Ar^q_erds (A_yÃR>¡v$-31`) A¡L$ k„h¡^pr_L$

A¡L$d R>¡. S>¡ cpfs kfL$pf\u k„b„r^s `v$pr^L$pfuAp¡_u r_dZ|„2L$ l¡sy

õ`^p®ÐdL$ `funpAp¡_y„ k„Qpg_ L$f¡ R>¡.

k„O gp¡L$ k¡hp Apep¡N_p kv$õe cpfs_p fpô2$`rs Üpfp r_dZ|„L$

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_p¡ L$pe®L$pm 6 hj® L$¡ 6` hj®_u he (S>¡ `Z `l¡gy

lp¡e) ky^u lp¡e R>¡. kv$õe Nd¡ Ðepf¡ `p¡sp_y„ fpÆ_pdy fpô2$`rs_¡ Ap`u

iL$¡ R>¡. s\p L$pe®L$pm `|Z® \hp `l¡gp fpô2$`rs s¡d_¡ `v$_u Nfudp L$¡

Ah¥^ L$pep£d„p kpd¡g \hp bv$g bMp®õs L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. e|.`u.A¡k.ku.dp„

A¡L$ AÂen A_¡ 10 kv$õep¡ lp¡e R>¡.

e|.`u.A¡k.ku._p

kv$õe sfuL$¡ l¡dQ„Ö

Nyáp_u r_dZ|„L$

k„O gp¡L$ k¡hp Apep¡N ::

S>çd|

-L$píduf `p

¡rgk_p hX$p L$¡

.fpS>¡

ÞÖLy$dpf

Ap¡qX$kpdp„ _hu_ `V$_peL$_p¡ v$bv$bp¡ e\phs

rblpf_p ipkL$`n S>_spv$m e|_pBV$¡X$_¡ 16du gp¡L$kcp Q|„V$Zudp„

rblpf_u 40 `¥L$u dpÓ f b¡W$L$ âpá \sp `p¡sp_p _bmp âv$i®__u _¥rsL$

S>hpbv$pfu õhuL$pfu_¡ fpÆ_pdy Ap`_pf _ursiLy$dpf_p õ\p_¡ dlpv$rgs

kdpS>_p A_¡ _ursiLy$dpf_u kfL$pfdp„ L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu fl¡gp Æs_fpd dp„Tu

f0 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> rblpf_p 3⁄4$ddp„ f3dp„ dy¿ed„Óu bÞep R>¡.

rblpf_p dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡ Æs_fpd dp„Tu

hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ gp¡L$kcp AÝen `v$¡ kyrdÓp dlpS>__p _pd_p¡ âõsph 6 S|>_ 2014_p fp¡S> fpMsp s¡Ap¡ kh® kçdrs\u `k„v$

\ep lsp. âp¡V$¡d õ`uL$f L$dg_p\ Üpfp s¡d_¡ L$pe®cpf kp¢`hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

¦ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ kv$__p¡ Apcpf dp_u_¡ kyrdÓp dlpS>__u âi„kp L$fsp S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, Ap`_p _pddp„ S> rdÓsp R>¡. bpv$dp„ A¡L$ k„õL©$s ïgp¡L$_p¡

Dëg¡M L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, dlpS>_ S>¡ fpl `f Qpg¡ R>¡ s¡ fpl `f Qpghy Å¡BA¡, Äepf¡ Alu sp¡ s¡Ap¡ õhe„ rbfpS>dp_ R>¡. As: Apip R>¡ L$¡, kv$_

ep¡Áe fpl `f Qpgi¡.

¦ dufpLy$dpf bpv$ gp¡L$kcp AÝen b__pf kyqdÓp dlpS>_ buÅ drlgp R>¡.

¦ s¡Ap¡ gNpspf ApW$ hpf gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu Æsu_¡ dqlgp kp„kv$p¡dp„ f¡L$p¡X®$ b_phu QyL$ep R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_y„ _pd rNr_T byL$ Ap ̧a hëX®$ f¡L$p¡X®dp„ kpd¡g R>¡.

¦ B.k. 1989dp„ `p¡sp_u â\d gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu gX$u_¡ `|h® dy¿ed„Óu A_¡ L$p¢N°k _¡sp âL$pi i¡W$u_¡ lfpìep lsp.

¦ hs®dp_ 16du gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zudp„ L$p¢N°¡k_p Dd¡v$hpf kÐe_pfpeZ `V$¡g_¡ 4 gpM A_¡ 66 lÅf ds\u `fpS>e Apàep¡ lsp¡.

¦ s¡d_p rhhpl BÞv$p¡f_p hqL$g S>e„s dlpS>_ kp\¡ \e¡gp R>¡.

¦ BÞv$p¡fdp„ s¡Ap¡ `l¡gp hly, `R>u b¡V$u A_¡ lh¡ kyrdÓp spB(bl¡_) _pd¡ ÅZusp R>¡.

¦ dfpW$u `qfhpf kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ dfpW$u dsv$pfp¡ `f kpfu `L$X$ ^fph¡ R>¡.

¦ `p¡sp_p Ål¡f Æh__u iê$Aps BÞv$p¡f _Nf r_Nd_p kv$õe sfuL$¡ L$fu lsu A_¡ ApS>¡ s¡Ap¡ gp¡L$kcp AÝen b_u Nep R>¡.

¦ B.k. 1999 \u 2004 v$frdep_ AV$g rblpfu bpS>`pB_u kfL$pfdp„ fpÄe L$np_p d„Óu flu_¡ dp_h k„ip^_, `¡V2$p¡rged A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k,

k„Qpf A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ S>¡hp d„Ópgep¡_u S>hpbv$pfu hl_ L$fu lsu.

k„Oj®dp„ s`¡gp kp„kv$ d©vy$cpju kyrdÓp dlpS>_ gp¡L$kcp AÝen `v$¡

S>Þd:-12/04/1943 (dlpfô2$_p fÐ_pNufu Æëgp_p rQ`g|_ ) rinZ:-A¡g.A¡g.A¡d.(v$¡hu AlëepbpB e|r_hrk®V$u-BÞv$p¡f)

- gp¡L$kcp_p â\d AÝen NZ¡i hpkyv$¡h

dphg„L$f R>¡.

- â\d dqlgp AÝen dufpLy$dpf R>¡.

- gp¡L$kcp AÝen füp bpv$ fpô2$`rs

b__pf r_gd k„Æh f¡Í$u R>¡.

- `p¡sp_p L$pe®L$pm v$frdep_ r_^_

`pd_pf gp¡L$kcp AÝen Æ.A¡d.ku.

bpgep¡Nu R>¡. 3 dpQ® 2002_p fp¡S>

l¡rgL$p ̧àV$f vy$O®V$_pdp„ s¡d_y„ r_^_ \ey lsy.

kyrdÓp dlpS>_

a¡L$V$k

01. NZ¡i hpkyv$¡h dphg„L$f

02. A¡d. A_„sie_d1 Ape„Nf

03. A¡d. A_„sie_d1 Ape„Nf

04. lyLy$dtkl

05. r_gd k„Æh f¡Í$u

06. X$p ̧. Nyê$ v$epgtkl qYëgp¡

07. X$p ̧. Nyê$ v$epgtkl qYëgp¡

08. bgufpd cNs

09. r_gd k„Æh f¡Í$u

10. L$¡.A¡k. l¡NX$¡

11. X$p ̧. bgfpd ÅMX$

12. X$p ̧. bgfpd ÅMX

13. frh fpe

14. rihfpS> `pqV$g

15. `u.A¡. k„Ndp

16. Æ.A¡d.ku. bpgep¡Nu

17. Æ.A¡d.ku. bpgep¡Nu

18. d_p¡lf Å¡iu

19. kp¡d_p\ Q¡V$fÆ

20. dufpLy$dpf

L$¡rb_¡V$_u r_dZ|„L$ krdrs Üpfp 4 S|>_ 2014_p fp¡S> cpfs_p _hp kp ̧rgrkV$f

S>_fg_p `v$ dpV$¡ f„Æs Ly$dpf_p _pd_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ \B R>¡. A¡ kp\¡ Arsqf1⁄4s

kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg_p ê$`¡ dq_„v$ftkl, A¡g._pN¡ðf fph, syjpf dl¡sp, `u.A¡k.

`V$hprgep A_¡ _ufS> qL$i_ L$¥pg_u q_dZ|„L$_¡ `Z d„S|>fu Ap`u lsu.

f„ÆsLy$dpf cpfs_p _hp kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg `v$ `f `p¡sp_p `|h®hsu dp¡l_

`pfpkf__y„ õ\p_ g¡i¡, L$¡ S>¡dZ¡ 27 d¡ _p fp¡S> fpÆ_pdy Apàey lsy. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

f„ÆsLy$dpf NyS>fps_p kp¡fpbyq×_ A¡ÞL$pDÞV$f kqls L$¡V$gpL$ dpdgpAp¡dp„ khp£ÃQ

Av$pgs_p Þepe rdÓ A_¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf_p hqL$g flu QyL$ep R>¡.

cpfs v$¡i_p kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg cpfs v$¡i_p A¡V$_u® S>_fg_¡ Ar^_õ\ Aq^L$pfu

lp¡e R>¡. kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg_u r_dZ|„L$ ÓZ hj® dpV$¡ \pe R>¡. s¡Ap¡ v$¡i_p qÜsue õsf_p

L$p_|_ Statutory)Ar^L$pfu lp¡e R>¡. cpfs_p kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg_y„ `v$ A¡L$ kp„rhq^L$

( `v$ R>¡.

s¡gyN| v$¡id `pV$}_p fpô2$ue AÝen Q„Öbpby _peX|_¡

Ap„^°âv$¡i_p fpÄe`pg B.A¡k.A¡g. _ftkçl_¡

r_dZ|„L$ L$ep® R>¡. Ap„^°âv$¡i_p rhcpS>_ bpv$ s¡_p

dy¿ed„Óu b__pf s¡Ap¡ â\d ìeqL$s R>¡.

Ap„^°âv$¡idp„\u AgN \_pf s¡g„NZp_p dy¿ed„Óu

Q„Öi¡Mf fph bÞep R>¡.

Ap„^° âv$¡i rh^p_kcp Qy„V$Zu 2014_p `qfZpd

17 d¡ _p fp¡S> Ål¡f \sp _hfrQs Ap„^°âv$¡i_u 175

b¡W$L$ ^fphsu rh^p_kcpdp„ s¡gyN| v$¡id `pV$}_¡ 102

b¡W$L$ âpá \B lsu.

Q„Öpbpby _peX|$ hj® 1995\u 2004 ky^u

Ap„^°âv$¡i_p dy¿ed„Óu flu QyL$ep R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ fpÄe_p

gp„bp kde ky^u dy¿ed„Óu fl¡hp_p¡ L$urs®dp_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

cpfsdp„ kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg_y„ `v

cpfs_p _hp kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg_p `v$

dpV$¡ f„Æs Ly$dpf_p _pd_¡ L$¡rb_¡V$_u d„S|>fu

Ap„^° âv$¡i_p dy¿ed„Óu

`v$¡ Q„Öpbpby _peX|$-

s¡g„NZpdp„ Q„Öi¡Mf fph

Page 8 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 8

cpfs k„O_y„ ffd„y fpS>e rk[1⁄2$d `|h} rldpgedp„ qõ\s A¡L$ _p_y `lpX$u

fpS>e R>¡. S>¡_u DÑf¡ rsåbs, `[òd _¡`pm, `|h®dp„ c|V$p_ A_¡ v$rnZ¡

`.b„Npm Aph¡gp R>¡. rk[1⁄2$d k„rh^p_ (38dy„ k„ip¡^_) A¡L$V$ 197`_¡

: rk[1⁄2$d

cpfs v¡idp„ A¡gQu_y„ kp¥\u h^y DÐ`pv$_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ râesp ^fphsy fpS>e

Ap^u_ cpfs k„O_y„ A¡L$ fpS>e bÞey. f7 A¡râg 197`_p fp¡S> Ap

k„ip¡^_ rbg_¡ k„kv$_u b„_¡ kcpAp¡A¡ `pk L$ey® A_¡ 16 d¡ 197`_p fp¡S>

rk[1⁄2$d cpfs_y„ ffdy„ fpS>e bÞey lsy.

è fpS>e_u õ\p`_p : 16-5-1975

è n¡Óam : 7,096 hN® qL$gp¡duV$f

è fpS>^p_u : N„NV$p¡L$

è dy¿ecpjp : g¡àQp, cyqV$ep, _¡`pmu, rlÞv$u, A„N°¡Æ

è DÑf-v$rnZ g„bpB : 11f qL$gp¡duV$f

è `|h®-`[òd g„bpB : 64 rL$gp¡duV$f

è L©$rj ep¡Áe c|rd : 1,09,000 l¡L$V$f

è dp_hÅrs : _¡`pmu, c|qV$ep, rblpfu, b„Npmu

è ^d® : rlÞvy$, bp¥Â^, BkpB, dyqõgd

è hksu : 610,577 (2011)

è il¡fu hksu : 11.06 %

è hksu O_sp : 76 ìeqL$s ârs hN® qL$gp¡duV$f

è kf¡fpi hfkpv$ : 1f` k¡.du.

è fpS>e `iy : gpg `p„X$p

è fpS>e`nu : ågX$ räS>¡V$

è dy¿ed„Óu : `h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN

è fpS>e`pg : îur_hpk `pqV$g

rk[1⁄2$d_p âpf„qcL$ Brslpk rhj¡ M|b S> Ap¡R>u ÅZL$pfu dm¡ R>¡. fpS>e_p¡ `°pf„rcL$ Brslpk 13du ispåv$u\u âpf„c

\pe R>¡. S>epf¡ g¡àQp âdyM \¡L$p¢N-V$¡L$ A_¡ rsåbs_p fpS>Ly$dpf M¡-bydkp hÃQ¡ DÑfu rk[1⁄2$ddp„ L$pbu gy„NÐkp¡L$dp„

cpBQpfp_u A¡L$ kdS|>rs `f lõspnf \ep lsp. Ðepfbpv$ B.k.1641dp„ rsåbs_p kçdpr_s gpdp k„sp¡A¡ `[òdu

rk[1⁄2$d_p eyL$kpd âp„s_u A¥rslprkL$ epÓp L$fu. S>ep„ s¡dZ¡ M¡-bydkp_u R>Ì$u `¡Y$u_p h„iS> ayÐkp¢N _pdÁepg_y„

rkqL$L$d_p â\d Qp¡Áepg (fpÅ) ê$`¡ fpS>eprcj¡L$ L$ep£ A_¡ Al] _pdÁepg fpS>h„i_p¡ Dv$e \ep¡.

rkqL$L$d_p k„fnL$ k„s bp¥^ rcny Nyê$ qfÞ`p¡Q¡ (`Ú k„ch) A¡ 8du kv$udp„ Al] âhpk v$frdep_ âpQu_ rhhfZdp„

rk[1⁄2$d_¡ Apri®hpv$ Ap`u_¡ Ad|L$ kv$uAp¡ bpv$ Aph_pf fpS>e_u crhóehpZu L$fu lsu. dpÞesp A_ykpf 14du kv$udp„

rsåås_p fpS>Ly$dpf M¡-bydkp_¡ A¡L$ fpÓ¡ v$¥hu ×rô$ A_ykpf Al] S>hp dpV$¡ Apv$¡i \ep¡ lsp¡.

ayÐkp¢N _pdÁepg_p `yÓ s¡Þky„N _pdÁepg B.k.1670dp„ L$pe®cpf k„cpmu_¡ fpS>^p_u eyL$kd\u fb¡v$¡ÞÐk¡ Mps¡

Mk¡X$u lsu. B.k.1717 s\p 1733 hÃQ¡ rk[1⁄2$d `f _¡`pm s\p c|V$p__p A_¡L$ Ap3⁄4$dZp¡ \ep S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ f¡b¡v$¡Þsk¡_y„

`s_ \ey.

B.k.1791dp„ rsåbs A_¡ Np¡fMp\u rk[1⁄2$d_¡ bQphhp `p¡sp_u k¡_p dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aphu. _¡`pm_u lpf \sp rk[1⁄2$d

qL$„Nh„i_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ bÞey. `X$p¡iu v$¡i cpfsdp„ rb°qV$i ipk_ Aphsp rk[1⁄2$d Üpfp$ _¡`pm qhê$Â^ s¡_u kp\¡ v$p¡õsu L$fu

g¡hpdp„ Aphu. `qfZpd õhê$`¡ _¡`pm¡ rk[1⁄2$d `f Ap3⁄4$dZ L$fu_¡ sfpB krls_p kpfp A¡hp rhõspf `f L$bÅ¡ S>dphu

v$¡hpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ BõV$ BqÞX$ep L„$`_uA¡ _¡`pm `f QX$pB L$fu A_¡ B.k.1814dp„ L$pNp¡fMp eyÂ^ M¡gpey. rk[1⁄2$d

A_¡ _¡`pm hÃQ¡ \e¡gu kyNp¡gu k„q^ s\p rk[1⁄2$d A_¡ rb°qV$i ipkus cpfs hÃQ¡ \e¡gu rssprgep k„r^ Üpfp _¡`pm¡

Ar^L©$s L$f¡gp rk[1⁄2$d_p n¡Ó_¡ hj® 1817dp„ `fs L$ey®. Å¡ L$¡ A„N°¡Å¡ Üpfp `p¡fp„N âv$¡idp„ L$f gpNy L$fhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ rk[1⁄2$d

A_¡ rb°qV$ip¡ hÃQ¡_p k„b„^p¡ L$X$hp bÞep. hj® 1849dp„ b¡ A„N°¡S> Aakf kf Å¡k¡a X$pëV$_ A_¡ X$p ̧.ArQ®bpëX$ L$¡ç`bp¡g

A_ydrs hNf rk[1⁄2$d_p `h®sp¡dp„ S>sp s¡ b„_¡_¡ rkqL$L$d Üpfp L$¥v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep S>¡\u _pfpT \e¡gp A„N°¡Å¡A¡ QX$pB

L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ cpfs kp\¡ c¡mhu v$¡hpsp Qp¡Áepg ipkL$ rb°qV$i Nh®_f_¡ Apr^_ A¡L$ L$W$`ysmu fpS>e b_u_¡ flu Ney.

B

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r

l

p

B

s

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r

l

p

B.k.1947dp„ A¡L$ gp¡L$râe ds Üpfp

rk[1⁄2$d_p¡ cpfsdp„ rhge AqõhL$pf L$fu v$¡hpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡, `f„sy cpfsue hX$pâ^p_

`„.S>hplfgpg _l¡ê$ Üpfp s¡_¡ k„frns fpS>e_p¡

v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ \ep¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ cpfs rk[1⁄2$d_y„

k„fnL$ bÞey. rk[1⁄2$d_u rhv$¡iu fpS>_preL$ A_¡

k„`L®$ k„b„^u rhjep¡_u S>hpbv$pfu cpfs¡ k„cpmu

gu^u lsu. bpv$dp„ A¡L$ fpS>e `rfjv$ fQhpdp„

Aphu S>¡_¡ Apr^_ Qp¡Áepg_¡ A¡L$ k„h¡^pr_L$

kfL$pf b_phhp_u d„S|>fu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu.

v$frdep_ rk[1⁄2$d _¡i_g L$p¢N°¡k Üpfp `y_:

dsv$p_ A_¡ _¡`pmuAp¡_¡ h^y ârsr_r^Ðh S>¡hu

dp„N_¡ L$pfZ¡ fpS>edp„ NfbX$u a¡gpB A_¡

fpS>ch_ kpd¡ \e¡gp sp¡ap_p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ rk[1⁄2$d

Üpfp cpfs kfL$pf_¡ k„fnZ âv$p_ L$fhp

A_yfp¡^ \ep¡.

Qp¡Áepg fpS>h„i ^uf¡ ^uf¡ rk[1⁄2$ddp„

rb_gp¡L$râe \sp¡ Nep¡. rk[1⁄2$d Apd `Z

bplfu vy$r_ep dpV$¡ `|Z® fus¡ AÅÎey lsy. s¡_p

rhj¡_u ÅZL$pfu rhð_¡ Ap¡R>u lsu `f„sy

Ad¡qfL$_ Apfp¡lL$ N„NV$p¡L$_p Ad|L$ rQÓp¡ A_¡

âg¡M_u dprlsu d¡mhhpdp„ kam \sp cpfs_u

L$pe®hplu vy$r_ep_u _Tf¡ QX$u lsu.

`f„sy Ðep„ ky^udp„ B.k.197`dp„ cpfs_p

hX$pâ^p_¡ cpfsue k„kv$_¡ A_yfp¡^ L$fu_¡

S>Zpìey L$¡, rkqL$L$d_¡ cpfs_p A¡L$ fpS>e sfuL$¡

õhuL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ cpfsue k„kv$dp„ ârsr_r^Ðh

Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡. A¡râg 197`dp„ cpfsue

k¡_pA¡ rk[1⁄2$ddp„ âh¡i L$fu_¡ N„NV$p¡L$_p¡ L$bÅ¡

gB_¡ dpÓ b¡ qv$hkdp„ cpfs kfL$pf_p

r_e„ÓZdp„ `qfqõ\rs kÆ® v$u^u lsu. cpfsdp„

Å¡X$php bpbs¡ rk[1⁄2$d_u 97.` % S>_spA¡

kd\®_ Apàey. 16 d¡ 197`_p fp¡S> fpÅiplu

Msd \hp dpV$¡ rkqL$L$d cpfs_y„ ffdy„ fpÄe bÞey.

cpfs_p ApTpv \ep

bpv$_u `qfqõ\rs ::

Qu_ A¡hp¡ ds ^fphsy lsy L$¡ rk[1⁄2$d A¡L$ õhs„Ó fpS>e R>¡. S>¡_p `f cpfs¡ L$bÅ¡ L$fu fp¿ep¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_p k„b„^dp„ `Z L$X$hplV$ Aphu lsu. `f„sy B.k.f00fdp„ A¡L$ A¡hu OV$_pA¡ ApL$pf gu^p¡ S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

Qu__¡ ifdS>_L$ `qfqõ\rsdp„ dyL$phy `X$ey.

kÑfdp„ L$dp®`p DÁe¡ rÓÞg¡ v$p¡fÆ L$¡, S>¡_¡ Qu_ kfL$pf A¡L$ gpdp Op¡rjs L$fu QyL$u lsu. s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ _pV$1epÐdL$

OV$_p3⁄4$ddp„ rsåbs\u cpNu_¡ rk[1⁄2$d_p ê$çs¡L$ d¡p_põV2$u Mps¡ Aphu `lp¡„Ãep. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Qu_u Ar^L$pfu ^d®

k„L$V$dp„ dyL$pB Nep L$¡ Ap bpbs_p¡ rhfp¡^ cpfs kfL$pf kpd¡ L$¡hu fus¡ L$fhp¡ L$pfZ L$¡, cpfs_p¡ rhfp¡^ L$fhp_u

bpbs_p¡ ku^p¡ A\® A¡hp¡ \pe L$¡, Qu_u kfL$pf¡ rkqL$L$d_¡ cpfs_p ArcÞ_ A„N sfuL$¡ õhuL$pf L$ep£ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡,

bpv$dp„ cpfs¡ rsåbs A_¡ Qu_¡ rk[1⁄2$d_¡ `fõ`f_p ArcÞ_ A„N sfuL$¡ õhuL$pf L$fhp A_¡ rkqL$L$d_¡ cpfs_p¡

rlõkp¡ lp¡hp_„y v$ip®hsp _L$ip Åfu L$fhp `X$ep lsp. Ap kdS|>rs `f Qu_u hX$pâ^p_ h¡_ rS>epbp¡ A_¡ cpfs_p

X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO¡ 6 Sy>gpB f006_p fp¡S> lõspnf L$fu_¡ _p\ygp OpV$_¡ kudphs} h¡`pf dpV$¡ M|ëgp¡ dyL$ep¡ lsp¡.

Qu__p¡ ìeyl ::

`p¡sp_p _p_p A_¡ A„N|W$p S>¡hp ApL$pf R>sp`Z rk[1⁄2$d fpS>e cp¥Np¡rgL$ ×[ô$A¡ rhrcÞ_ R>¡. `ep®hfZ

râe A_¡ õhÃR>sp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s\p âpL©$rsL$ ky„v$fsp A_¡ fpS>_ursL$ qõ\fsp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Alu `e®V$_ M|b

rhL$rks \ey R>¡.

rhð_„y qÓÅ _„bf_y„ A_¡ rk[1⁄2$d_y„ â\d _„bf_y„ kp¥\u JQy riMf L„$Q_ S„>^pA¡ fpS>e `f `p¡sp_u

d„ÓdyÁ^ L$fsu âpL©$rsL$ kp¦v$e®_u R>V$p rhM¡fu R>¡. Ap riMf_¡ rk[1⁄2$d_u "fnpv$¡hu' `Z dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

rkqL$L$ddp„ bfadp„\u r_L$m¡gu L$¡V$guL$ ^pfpAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$rnZ A_¡ `[òddp„ _v$uAp¡_u OpV$uAp¡ b_u

NB R>¡. S>¡ ^pfpAp¡ dmu_¡ "rk[1⁄2$d_u Æh_ f¡Mp' V$uõsp _v$u b_ph¡ R>¡. S¡ DÑf\u v$rnZ¡ hl¡ R>¡. âv$¡i_p¡

A¡L$ s©suep„i rlõkp¡ NpY$ S„>Ngp¡\u R>hpe¡gp¡ R>¡. rldpge_u JQu `h®sdpmpAp¡A¡ rk[1⁄2$d_¡ DÑfu, `|h}

A_¡ `[òdu qv$ipAp¡dp„ A^®Q„ÖpL$pfdp„ ^¡fu fpM¡gp R>¡. fpS>edp„ f8 `h®s riMf, ff7 kfp¡hf S>¡dp„ Qp„Ny, cNyê$X$p¡Ádpf, M¡Quep`p¡gu kpd¡g R>¡.

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Page 9 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 9

à "rk[1⁄2$d l¡fpëX$' kfL$pf_y„ Ar^L$pfuL$ kpápqlL$ âL$pi_ R>¡.

à B.k.f007dp„ _¡`pmu kprlÐe_u Ap¡_gpB_ `qÓL$p "qV$õV$pf„Nus' iê$ \B S>¡_y k„Qpg_ kprlÐe

qkS®>_p klL$pfu krdrs rgrdV$¡X$ L$f¡ R>¡.

à kde v$¥r_L$, lpdp¡ âÅiqL$s, rldpgu b¡gp, kpX$Nugp V$pBçk rhN¡f¡ _¡`pmu kdpQpf `Ó,

N„NV$p¡L$\u âL$pris \pe R>¡. S>¡dp„ lpdp¡ âÅiqL$s fpS>e_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ A_¡ gp¡L$râe v$¥r_L$ R>¡.

à A„N°¡Æ kdpQpf`Óp¡dp„ rkqL$L$d _pD, rkqL$L$d A¡L$kâ¡k, qldpge_ rdff õ\pr_L$ râ„V$ \pe R>¡.

s¡dS> ^ õV$¥V$kd¡_ s\p ^ V$¡guN°pa rkrgNyX$udp„ râ„V$ \pe R>¡. S>epf¡ ^ rlÞvy$, ^ V$pBçk Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep,

L$p¡gL$Ñpdp„ râÞV$ \B_¡ A¡L$ qv$hk bpv$ N„NV$p¡L$, Å¡f\p„N, d¡‰u, Áep[ëi„N Mps¡ `lp¢Q¡ R>¡.

rk[1⁄2$d_p fíd¡, ayfQpky, eyd\p„N, bp¡fp ̧N,

sfdQy, eydu kpdX$p¢N S>¡hp Nfd `pZu_p A_¡L$ TfZp

Aph¡gp R>¡. S>¡ `p¡sp_u fp¡Nlf ndsp dpV$¡ ârkÂ^ R>¡.

TfZpAp¡dp„ dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ këaf dmu Aph¡ R>¡.

TfZp_p `pZu_y„ sp`dp_ kf¡fpi `0 k¡[ëkek

ky^u lp¡e R>¡.

Nfd `pZu_p TfZp ::

rk[1⁄2$d_u dp¥kd v$rnZdp„ iusp¡óZ

L$V$ub„^u s\p Vy„$X2$âv$¡i_u S>¡hu R>¡. Alu hjp®

S|>_\u kàV$¡çbf hÃQ¡ Aph¡ R>¡.

Alu gNpspf hjp®_p¡ 11 qv$hk_p¡

qL$s}dp_ õ\`pe¡gp¡ R>¡.

hfkpv$_¡ L$pfZ¡ dp¡V$pcpNdp„ c|õgM_

s\p L$p¡lfp_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>_Æh_ âcprhs \pe

R>¡. rkq1⁄2$ddp„ W„$X$u, Nfdu, hk„s, `p_Mf,

hjp®F$sy Aph¡ R>¡.

rk[1⁄2$d S>¥h rhrh^spAp¡\u cf¡gp 18 dy¿e n¡Óp¡ `¥L$u_„y$ A¡L$

R>¡. rkqL$L$d rldpge S>¥h rhrh^sp\u cf`yf R>¡. ayg R>p¡X$_u 40

lÅf Års, hp„k_u 40 âÅrs, Ap¡qL®$X$_u `00, Ap¡L$_u 40

Års s\p õs_^pfu Æhp¡_u 1`0, `nuAp¡_u `00, `s„Nuep

A_¡ dp¡\_u 400 Års s¡dS> kfuk©`p¡_u A_¡L$ Års Al] dmu

Aph¡ R>¡. epL$, gpg `p„X$p, rsb¡Vu$ rdkfua, vy$g®c åg|iu` `Z

Alu Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

rk[1⁄2$d_u A\® ìehõ\p dy¿eê$`¡ L©$rj â^p_ R>¡. Al]_u 64 %

hksu L©$rj `f r_c®f R>¡. Al] kuX$uv$pf M¡sfp¡dp„ `pf„`qfL$ `Â^rs\u

"`lpX$u M¡su' L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Apvy$, k„sfp, kafS>_, Qp, Qp¡Mp,

dL$pB s\p A¡gQu_u M¡su dy¿e R>¡. Alu v$¡icfdp„ kp¥\u h^y

A¡gQu DÐ`pv$_ \pe R>¡.

`lpX$u fpS>e A_¡ `rfhl_ ANhX$spAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡dS> Alu_p

r_hpkuAp¡ `ep®hfZ râe lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ DÛp¡N_p¡ rhL$pk _luhs R>¡.

õ\pr_L$ gp¡L$p¡ `ep®hfZ rls¡ÃRy> DÛp¡Np¡_¡ âp\rdL$sp Ap`¡ R>¡. L©$rj,

aygp¡_p bpN, `iy`pg_, X$¡fu, l¢X$gyd A_¡ rië`L$gp, `e®V$_,

S>mrhÛys_p¡ rhL$pk \ep¡ R>¡. s¡dS> Ap¥j^$ r_dp®Z A_¡ `¡L$¡Æ„N_¡

gNsp L$¡V$gpL$ A¡L$dp¡ rhL$õep R>¡.

dp¥kd :: L©$rj DÛp¡N

S>¥h rhrh^sp ::

rk[1⁄2$d fpS>e_¡ fpô2$ue `e®V$_ `yfõL$pf f01f-13 fpS>e_p âhpk_ d„Óu cud vy„$Ng_¡ sÐL$pgu_ dp_h

k„ip^_ rhL$pkd„Óu iri \ê$f Üpfp _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ rhop_ ch_dp„ Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ 18 a¡b°yApfu f014_p

fp¡S> A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡. L$¡qÞÖe `e®V$_ d„Ópge¡ N°pduZ `e®V$_ `qfep¡S>_pAp¡_p q3⁄4$epÞhe_dp„ rk[1⁄2$d_¡ kh®î¡›$

fpS>eê$`¡ Op¡rjs L$ey® lsy A_¡ rk[1⁄2$d_¡ kd©Â^ k„õL©$rs A_¡ ky„v$f âpL©$rsL$ ky„v$fsp_p¡ A_|ch L$fhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ Apv$i®

õ\m ê$`¡ S>Zpìey lsy.

dy¿ed„Óu `h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN¡ L$¡V$guL$ Ap^pfc|s kyrh^pAp¡ kp\¡ fpS>e_p `e®V$_ rhL$pk dpV$¡ 140 L$fp¡X$_u

A¡L$ dlÐhL$p„nu ep¡S>_p `Z iê$ L$fu R>¡. s¡dS> rk[1⁄2$d_p `e®V$_ rhcpN¡ L$¡fm, NyS>fps, L$Zp®V$L$, Np¡hp S>¡hp fpS>ep¡

kp\¡ L$fpf \e¡gp R>¡.

qk[1⁄2$d_u `e®V$_ krls L$¡V$guL$ rhi¡jspAp¡ ::

Ü r_d®m cpfs Arcep__p q3⁄4$epÞhe_ dpV$¡ cpfsdp„ â\dhpf

fpS>eê$`¡ õ\p_ `pçey.

Ü d_f¡Np ep¡S>_pdp„ DÑd L$pe® bv$g f d_f¡Np `yfõL$pf âpá L$ep®.

Ü hj® f013dp„ B-Nh_®Þk dpV$¡ B-_p¡\® BõV$ `yfõL$pf âpá L$ep£.

Ü qõâ„N k„fnZ ep¡S>_p hj® f013dp„ L©$rj _¡s©Ðh `yfõL$pf

Ü hj® f004-0`dp„ rinZ n¡Ó¡ kh®î¡›$ âv$i®_ L$f_pf fpS>e ê$`¡

`yfõL$pf

Ü hj® f00`d„p rhop_ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ_p n¡Ó¡ õL$p¡Q Q¡g¡ÞS>f `yfõL$pf

Ü hj® f006dp„ lp ̧qõ`¡Vu$rgV$u BqÞX$ep A¡hp¡X®$

Ü hj® f009dp„ fpS>e _¡s©Ðh `yfõL$pf

Ü hj® f009dp„ `e®V$_ dpV$¡ kh®î¡›$ fpS>e Ål¡f \ey.

rk[1⁄2$d_u AÞe L$¡V$guL$ rhi¡jspAp¡ ::

rk[1⁄2$d_p gp¡L$p¡ cpfs_p v$f¡L$ dy¿e rlÞvy$ sl¡hpf qv$`phgu,

v$i¡fp DS>h¡ R>¡. s¡dS> dpÛ k„õ3⁄4$p„rs, g¡pkf, Q¥sv$kB, gyky„N,

_pdky„N, gÿdu`yÅ d_ph¡ R>¡. rsåbsu _h hj® gp¡kf dÂe

qX$k¡çbfdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡ v$fqdep_ dp¡V$pcpN_u kfL$pfu L$Q¡fu A_¡

`e®V$_ L$¡ÞÖp¡ A¡L$ kápl dpV$¡ b„^ fl¡ R>¡.

rk[1⁄2$ddp„ `[òd_y„ fp ̧L$ k„Nus gp¡L$râe R>¡. L$¡V$guL$ S>ÁepA¡

rlÞv$u k„Nus `Z kp„cmhp dm¡ R>¡.

rk[1⁄2$d `p¡sp_p lep®cep® h©np¡, S„>Ngp¡,

v$i®_ue OpV$uAp¡ A_¡ `h®sdpmpAp¡ A_¡ Aìhg

kp„õL©$rsL$ ^fp¡lf bv$g ârkÂ^ R>¡. Alu_p

ip„rsrâe gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ `e®V$L$p¡ dpV$¡ kyfrns õhN®

kdp_ R>¡. fpS>e kfL$pf `ep®hfZ kp\¡ v$p¡õsu`|Z®

`e®V$_ s\p su\® `e®V$__¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`u flu R>¡.

A_¡ A¡ sdpd kyrh^p âv$p_ L$fu flu R>¡ S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡

Al] Aph_pf âhpkuAp¡ rk[1⁄2$d_u Æh_ i¥gu

A_¡ ^fp¡lf_p¡ Ap_„v$ A_|chu iL$¡.

rk[1⁄2$d_p¡ âdyM bp¥Â^ dW$ `¡tgN qõ\s

â¡dpepÁÐk¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe Al] `[òdu rk[1⁄2$ddp„

spriqv„$N dW$ R>¡, S>¡ rk[1⁄2$d_p v$f¡L$ dW$p¡ `¥L$u kp¥\u

`rhÓ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. rkqL$L$d_p¡ kp¥\u âpQu_

dW$ eyL$kp¡d R>¡. S>¡_¡ X2$bX$u dW$_p _pd¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. B.k.1700dp„ b_¡gp¡ gylpsky_ Q¡ç`p¡ (rk[1⁄2$d_p âdyM k„s)_p¡ Apîd Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. `|h} rldpge_

f¡ÞS>dp„ rihprgL$ `lpX$uAp¡dp„ Aph¡gy N„NV$p¡L$ il¡f 1437 duV$f_u JQpB `f rõ\s R>¡. S>¡_¡ B.k. 1894dp„

rk[1⁄2$d_u fpS>^p_u b_phhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

rk[1⁄2$d rh^p_kcp Q|„V$Zudp„ 3f `¥L$u qkqL$L$d X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡V$uL$ ä„V$_¡ ff b¡W$L$p¡

kp\¡ blydsu dmsp `h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN_¡ f1 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> fpS>ch_

Mps¡ fpS>e`pg îuq_hpk `pqV$g¡ Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ i`\N°lZ L$fpìep

lsp.

dy¿ed„Óu `h_Ly$dpf fp„N„N-ep„N„N A_¡ _pdQu-rkr^\p„Nk¡ A¡d b„_¡

b¡W$L$ `f\u qhS>¡sp bÞep lsp. `pR>gu rh^p_kcpdp„ L$p¡B rh`n _ lsy L$pfZ

L$¡, v$f¡L$ b¡W$L$ A¡k.X$u.A¡a¡. Æs¡gu lsu. Ap hMs_u Qy„V$Zudp„ `n\u AgN

\B_¡ rkqL$L$d 3⁄4$p„rsL$pfu dp¡fQp¡ (A¡k.L$¡.A¡a.)_¡ b¡W$L$p¡ `°pá \B R>¡. Å¡ L$¡,

`n_p k„õ\p`L$ â¡dtkl sdp„N (Np¡gu) Qy„V$Zu lpfu Nep R>¡.

`h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN¡ dy¿ed„Óu `v$ N°lZ L$fhp kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ kss

`p„Qduhpf fpS>e_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ â\dhpf 11 qX$k¡çbf

1994_p fp¡S> dy¿ed„Óu bÞep lsp. s¡d_u hs®çpp_ dyv$s `yfu \i¡ Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡

kp¥\u h^y kde dy¿ed„Óu fl¡hp_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ _p¢^phi¡. S>¡ AÐepf ky^u

`.b„Npm_p `|h® dy¿ed„Óu S>ep¡rs bky_p _pd¡ R>¡. S>¡dZ¡ f1 S>|_ 1977 \u `

Sy>_ f000 ky^u Ly$g f3 hj® ipk_ L$ey® lsy.

A¡k.X$u.A¡a. _¡sp `h_Ly$dpf

QpdtgN `p„Qduhpf dy¿ed„Óu

rk[1⁄2$d_

„

y kprlÐe A_

¡

duqX$ep S>Ns ::

L$gp k„õL$©rs

rinZn¡Ó¡ rkqL$L$ddp„ kpfu

A¡hu ÅN©rÑ âhs£ R>¡. rk[1⁄2$d

dr_`pg e|r_hrk®V$u s\p bp¥^

^prd®L$ rinZ dpV$¡ ê$dV$¡L$ Np¡ç`p

k„Qprgs _pg„v$p _hrhlpf L$¡ÞÖ R>¡.

rinZ ::

Page 10 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 10

fpS>L$ue AfpS>L$sp sfa kfL$sp¡ v$¡i

v$rnZu `|h®dp„ Aph¡gp¡ \pBg¡ÞX$ v$¡i ApS>L$pg `p¡sp_u fpS>_ursL$ D\g`p\g

A_¡ tlkp_¡ L$pfZ¡ QQp®dp„ R>¡. v$¡i_u k„h¡^pr_L$ Av$pgs¡ dqlgp hX$pâ^_ qe„NgL$

ri_hÓp A_¡ s¡d_u L$¡rb_¡V$_p _h S>¡V$gp d„ÓuAp¡_¡ 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> `v$ `f\u lV$phu

v$¡hpep lsp. \pBg¡ÞX$_p kp¥\u ^r_L$ A_¡ âcphipmu `qfhpf `¥L$u_p teNgL$

ri_hÓp `f `p¡sp_p `qfhpf_¡ apev$p¡ L$fphhp kÑp_p vy$ê$`ep¡N L$fhp_p¡ Apfp¡`

gpÁep¡ R>¡. k„h¡^pr_L$ Av$pgs_p QyL$pv$p bpv$ _h¡çbf f013\u âv$i®_ L$fu fl¡gp

Ap„v$p¡g_L$pfuAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p afpf cpB \pL$rk__p lp\_u L$W$`ysmu sfuL$¡ ipk_

Qgph_pf hX$pâ^p_ rhê$Â^_p QyL$pv$p_¡ AphL$pep£ lsp¡.

aue| \pB `pV$}_p _¡sp qe„NgL$ ri_hÓp `f rh`nu

ku_¡V$f `pBbyg _urshp_ Üpfp Av$pgsdp„ \e¡gu AfÆdp„

S>Zphpey lsy L$¡, fpô2$ue kyfnp `qfjv$_p dlpkrQh \prhg

àg¡îu_¡ s¡d_p `v$ `f\u N¡fL$p_|_u fus¡ õ\p_p„sfZ L$fhpdp„

teNgL$¡ `p¡sp_u kÑp_p¡ vy$ê$`ep¡N L$ep£ R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

bp¥Â^ ^d® `pm_pfpAp¡_u blydsu ^fphsp \pBg¡ÞX$dp„

L$¡V$gpL$ drl_pAp¡\u fpS>_ursL$ tlkp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ak„¿e gp¡L$p¡_p

d©Ðey s\p k¦L$$X$p¡ gp¡L$p¡ Opeg \ep R>¡.

7 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> teNgL$ ri_hÓp_¡ `v$ `f\u bMp®õs

L$fpep bpv$ D`hX$pâ^p_ A_¡ hprZS>ed„Óu _uhÑydA¢N

by_kp„N`pBk__¡ \pBg¡ÞX$_p L$pe®hplL$ hX$pâ^p_ sfuL$¡ q_e|L$s

L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp `f„sy k¡_p âdyM âpeyi Qp_ Ap¡Qp Üpfp 23 d¡

_p fp¡S> `p¡sp_¡ v$¡i_p hX$pâ^p_ Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

s¡dZ¡ 22 d¡ _p fp¡S> \pBg¡ÞX$dp„ L$p_|_ ìehõ\p_u bNX$u fl¡gu

lpgs_¡ Ap^pf b_phu_¡ s¿sp`gV$ L$fhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu_¡ v$¡idp„

dpi®g gp ̧ gNphu_¡ k„rh^p__¡ õ\rNs L$ey® lsy.

\pBg¡ÞX$dp„ k¥r_L$ ipk_-

B.k. 1932 bpv$\u Ly$g

12dy„ s¿sp`gV$ \pBg¡ÞX$_p kp¥\u _p_u he (44 hj®) ^fphsp

s\p â\d drlgp hX$pâ^p_ b_hp_y kv$1cpÁe

teNgL$ ri_hÓp_¡ ` Ap¡Nô$ f011_p fp¡S> âpá \ey

lsy. s¡Ap¡ cpfs_p 63dp„ NZs„Ó qv$hk (f01f)_p

Ahkf_u DS>hZu `f Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ dy¿e

Arsr\ bÞep lsp. k¥Þe Üpfp \pBg¡ÞX$dp„ kÑp

`gV$p bpv$ bMp®õs hX$pâ^p_ teNgL$_¡ k¡_p

Üpfp ^f`L$X$ L$fu_¡ Aops õ\m¡ gB S>hpdp„

Apìep R>¡.

teNgL$ ri_hÓp

íepdv$¡i (\pBg¡ÞX$) S>¡_y `°pQu_ _pd íepçv$¡i R>¡. \pBg¡ÞX$_¡ rkepd

sfuL$¡ 5Z Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. B.k.1948dp„ s¡_y _pd \pBg¡ÞX$ fpMhpdp„ Apìey.

\pB iåv$_p¡ \pB cpjp_p¡ A\® ApTpv$ \pe R>¡. Ap iåv$ \pB _pNqfL$p¡_p k„v$c®dp„

`Z D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

¢ fpS>^p_u : b¢L$p¡L$

¢ ipk_ âZpgu : k„h¡^pr_L$ fpS>s„Ó kp\¡ k„kv$ue âÅs„Ó

¢ n¡Óam : 513, 120 hN® qL$.du.

¢ kfL$pfu cpjp : \pB, A„N°¡Æ

¢ ^d® : bp¥Â^, Bõgpd, BkpB

¢ dyÖp : bplV$

¢ âÅrs : \pB, Qu_u

¢ L©$rj ep¡Áe c|rd : 33%

¢ DÛp¡N : `qfhl_, kysh÷, `e®V$_

¢ Apes : `„yÆNs DÐ`pv$_

¢ r_L$pk : kdyÖu DÐ`pv$_, L$çàe|V$f

¢ fpô2$ue qv$hk : ` qX$k¡çbf

¢ hksu : 65, 998, 436

¢ hksu O_Ðh : 125 ìeqL$s/hN® qL$.du.

¢ il¡fu hksu : 33 %

p

¡ $ \

B

g

Þ

¡

X$ a

L

V$ k

cpfs_p 63dp„ NZs„Ó qv$hk (f01f) Ahkf_u DS>hZu `f

Apep¡rS>s kdpfp¡ldp„ dy¿e Aqsr\

B.k.1960 bpv$ Apr\®L$ s\p kpdprS>L$

Apepdp¡ rkÂ^ L$f_pf \pBg¡ÞX$_u `|h¡®

L„$bp¡qX$ep, `[òd¡ çep„dpf s\p Ap„v$dp_ kpNf,

v$rnZ¡ dge âpeqÜ` Aph¡gp¡ R>¡.

p¥N ¡rgL õ\p_

c p $

hs®dp_ \pB c| cpNdp„ dp_hu `pR>gp 10,000 hj®\u hkhpV$ ^fph¡

R>¡. ¿d¡f kpd°pS>e_p `s_ `l¡gp Al] Ak„¿e fpS>e spB, dge, ¿d¡f

rhN¡f¡ lsp. B.k.1f38dp„ kyMp¡\pB fpS>e_u õ\p`_p \B S>¡_¡ â\d bp¥^

\pB (íepd) fpS>e dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Apif¡ A¡L$ kv$u bpv$ AeyÂep_p

fpÅA¡ kyMp¡spB `f `p¡sp_y âcyÐh õ\p`u v$u^y lsy. B.k.1767dp„ bdp®

Üpfp AeyÂep_p `s_ bpv$ \p¡çbyfu fpS>^p_u b_u B.k.178fdp„ b¢L$p¡L$dp„

Q3⁄4$u fpS>h„i_u õ\p`_p \B. S>¡_¡ Ap^yr_L$ \pBg¡ÞX$_p¡ âpf„c dp_hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. bpv$dp„ eyfp¡`ue iqL$sAp¡ kp\¡ \e¡gu gX$pBAp¡dp„ rkepd¡ AdyL$

âv$¡ip¡ s¡d_¡ Ap`hp `X$ep S>¡ ApS>¡ bdp® A_¡ dg¡riep_p A„i R>¡. buÅ

rhð eyÂ^dp„ Å`p__p klep¡Nu sfuL$¡ füp bpv$ rhð eyÂ^_p A„s¡

Ad¡qfL$p_y„ klep¡Nu bÞey lsy.

âpQu_ L$pm\u q_f„Ly$i ipk_ ^fphsp \pBg¡ÞX$dp„ B.k.193fdp„

k„h¡^pr_L$ fpS>s„Ó AqõsÐhdp„ Apìey. B.k.1948dp„ s¡_y _pd \pBg¡ÞX$

N°lZ L$ey® A_¡ S|>_ 1997dp„ qL„$N c|rd bp¡g¡ `p¡sp_p ipk__p `0 hj® `|Z®

L$ep® S>¡ rhð_p kp¥\u gp„bp kde_p sp_pipl lp¡hp_p¡ qL$s}dp_ bÞep¡.

Page 11 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 11

^d® A_¡ fpS>s„Ó \pB k„õL©$rs_p b¡ õs„c R>¡ A_¡ Alu_u v$¥r_L$ Æ„v$Nu_p¡ rlõkp¡ `Z R>¡. Alu_p¡

dy¿e ^d® bp¥Â^ R>¡. bp¥Â^ rcnyAp¡ A_¡ kp¡_y s\p k„N¡dfdf\u b_¡gu cNhp_ byÂ^_u d|rs®Ap¡ Alu

Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Alu_p d„qv$fdp„ S>hp kde¡ L$¡V$guL$ bpbsp¡_y„ rhi¡j Âep_ fpMhy `X$¡ R>¡, Äep„ V|„$L$p L$`X$p

`l¡fu_¡ S>hp_u d_pB R>¡.

\pBg¡ÞX$_„y ip÷ue k„Nus cpfs, Å`p_, Qu_ A_¡ HX$p¡_¡riep_p k„Nus kp\¡ dmsy Aph¡ R>¡

A_¡ _©Ðe i¥guAp¡ _pV$L$ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡. S>¡dp„ fpdpeZ_y„ dlÐh`|Z® õ\p_ R>¡. _pV$1e L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡dp„

hS>_v$pf `qf^p_p¡ A_¡ dlp¡fp_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

\pBg¡ÞX$ 33 % L©$rj ep¡Áe c|rd ^fph¡ R>¡, R>sp`Z dy¿e ìehkpe M¡su R>¡. S>¡dp„

hksu_p Ly$g 60 % gp¡L$p¡ L$pe®fs R>¡. Al]_p¡ dy¿e `pL$ Qp¡Mp R>¡, S>¡ dp¡V$pcpN¡ r_L$pk

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. _pmue¡f, sdpLy$, L$`pk_y„ `Z dp¡V$p `pe¡ DÐ`pv$_ \pe R>¡.

`pR>gu ispqåv$ v$frdep_ `p¡sp_p v$¡idp„ r_rd®s A_¡ k„ip¡r^s hõsyAp¡_u

r_L$pkdp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ R>¡. Al] dmu Aphsu M_uS> V$u_, d¢N¡_uT, V„$NõV$_,

A¡ÞV$ud_u, rg‚pBV$, kukp dy¿e R>¡. `pR>gp L$¡V$gpL$ hjp£dp„ `e®V$__p¡ rhL$pk

Qp¢L$phu v$¡ s¡ fus¡ \ep¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, Alu_u M|b k|fs eyhsuAp¡ Üpfp gp¡lu_p¡ h¡`pf s\p

dkpS> `pg®fp¡ S>¡hu bpbsp¡ `Z `e®V$__p rhL$pk dpV$¡ L$pfZc|s lp¡hp_y„ dp_hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

L©$rj-DÛp¡N k„õL©$rs ::

\pBg¡ÞX$_u fpS>^p_u b¢L$p¡L$dp„ A¡hu A_¡L$ bpbsp¡ R>¡, S>¡

`e®V$L$p¡_¡ ApL$rj®s L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ kp¥\u ârkÂ^ R>¡ dfu_ `pL®$ A_¡

kapfu dfu_ `pL®$dp„ ârirns X$p¡[ëa_ `p¡sp_p L$fsb v$ip®h¡ R>¡.

S>epf¡ kapfu hëX®$ vy$r_ep_y kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ M|ëgy rQqX$epOf R>¡. Al]

A¡riep A_¡ ApräL$p_p gNcN v$f¡L$ hÞe Æhp¡_¡ Å¡B

iL$pe R>¡.

b¢L$p¡L$ :

b¢L$p¡L$ bpv$ `Ë$pep \pBg¡ÞX$_y„ kp¥\u âdyM `e®V$_ õ\m R>¡.Al] lfhp afhp dpV$¡ A_¡L$ ky„v$f

õ\mp¡ Aph¡gp R>¡. S>¡d L$¡, qfàg¡S> rbguh BV$ A_¡ _p¡V$ k„N°lpge A_¡ s¡_y„ Bqçar_V$u d¡S> A_¡ 4-X$u

dp¡i_ r\A¡V$f_u dygpL$ps M|b S> fp¡dp„QL$ lp¡e R>¡. Al] c|rsep kyf„N gp¡L$p¡_¡ c|sp¡_p¡ Al¡kpk L$fph¡

R>¡, R>sp `Z âhpkuAp¡ dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

`Ë$pep_p L$p¡fg ApBg¡ÞX$ `f `¥fpk¡tgN A_¡ hp¡V$f õ`p¡V$1k®_p¡ Ap_„v$ s\p L$pQ_„y smuey

^fphsu _p¥L$prhlpf Üpfp S>mue Æhp¡ A_¡ L$p¡fg_¡ Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. L$p¡fg ApBg¡ÞX$dp„ A¡L$ fÐ_ qv$Op®

`Z Aph¡gu R>¡. S>ep„ blyd|ëe fÐ_p¡ rhj¡ ÅZL$pfu dm¡ R>¡. `Ë$pep Mps¡ Aph¡gp AgL$pS>f L$¥bfV$

Mps¡ _©Ðe, k„Nus S>¡hp L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ ep¡Åe R>¡. Ðep„_u rhi¡jsp A¡ R>¡ L$¡, s¡dp„ L$pe® L$f_pf M|bkyfs

Arc_¡ÓuAp¡ hpõshdp„ `yê$j lp¡e R>¡.

`Ë$pep

\pBg¡ÞX$_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ A_¡ kp¥\u h^y hksu ^fphsp¡ V$p`y R>¡. S>ep„

kp¥\u h^y `e®V$L$p¡ Aph¡ R>¡. Al] AdyL$ fp¡QL$ bÅf, d„qv$f, Qu_u-

`p¡Vy$®Ngu kæesp_p¡ A_p¡Mp¡ k„Nd Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. \p¡X$p

hj® `l¡gp Aph¡gp Ðky_pduA¡ Al] ce„L$f

rh_pi h¡ep£ lsp¡.

ayL$¡V$ :

_v$u_u _ÆL$ hk¡gy Ap DÛp_

e|_¡õL$p¡_u rhð rhfpks k|Qudp„

_p¢^pe¡gy R>¡. Al] v$f¡L$ bpSy> d„qv$fp¡

S> _Tf Aph¡ R>¡. A¡L$ kde¡ Al]

_Nf hksy lsy. S>¡_p L$¡V$gpL$

Ahi¡jp¡ ApS>¡ `Z Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

Ae|\ep A¥rslprkL$ DÛep_ :

Ap il¡f \pBg¡ÞX$_y„ kp¥\u `°pQu_ il¡f dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>ep„ Aph¡gy

äp `\p¡d Q¡X$u_¡ vy$r_ep_y kp¥\u D„Qy bp¥Â^ õdpfL$ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. R>Ì$u

ispåv$u v$frdep_ s¡fphX$ bp¥Â^p¡ Üpfp b_phpe¡gy d|m õdpfL$ lh¡ A¡L$

rhipm Ny„bS> _uQ¡ qõ\s R>¡.

_Mp

¡

_ `\p

¡

d

`yfpZu vy$r_ep_p¡ Al¡kpk L$fphsy \pBg¡ÞX$_y„

buSy> kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ il¡f S>ep„ Apif¡ 300\u `Z h^y

d„qv$f Aph¡gp R>¡. Al]\u `h®sp¡_p¡ _Tpfp¡ dpZu

iL$pe R>¡. Ap il¡fdp„ Ap^yr_L$sp_p f„N `Z dmu

Aph¡ R>¡. MpZu`uZu A_¡ ip¡t`N_p frkepAp¡ dpV$¡

s¡ rbgLy$g ep¡Áe il¡f R>¡.

rQep„N dpB

\pBg

¡

ÞX$_p ÅZusp õ\mp

¡

:

Page 12 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep

`yõsL$ rhdp¡Q_

_hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ 9 d¡ _p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡gp A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ cpfsue

f¡gh¡ bp¡X®$_p AÂen Aê$Z¡ÞÖ Ly$dpf¡ cpfsue f¡gh¡ bp¡X®$_p S>_k„`L®$

r_v$£ipge Üpfp âL$pris L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu `yõsL$ "BqÞX$ep S„>L$i_-

A thX$p¡ V|$ ^ _¡i_' _y„ gp¡L$p`®Z L$ey® lsy.

`yõsL$dp„ kf dpL®$ sygu, fõL$u_ bp¢X$, rNgue_ qfV$, Bep_ S>¡ L$¡f,

S>¥fu t`V$p¡, Dd¡f Aldv$, L$prs®L$ Ape„Nf, ip¡cp _pfpeZ, k„v$u`_

v$¡b s\p ird®gp L„$W$_p g¡M kpd¡g R>¡.

`yõsL$ cpfsue f¡gh¡_p Np¥fhipmu rhL$pk_y„ 3⁄4$rdL$ A_¡

rhïg¡jZpÐdL$ rhhfZ k„N°l R>¡, S>¡dp L$¡V$guL$ S>Áep_p cpfsue

f¡gh¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp A¥rslprkL$ vy$g®c rQÓp¡_y„ `Z k„L$g_ L$fhpdp„

Apìey R>¡. s¡dS> cpfsue f¡gh¡_p âpf„c_p hj® 18`3 \u gB_¡

AÐepf ky^u_p rhL$pk-rhhfZ kp\¡ rb°qV$i ipk_ `f s¡_p

âcphp¡_u `Z QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

dfpW$p ep¡Â^p rihpÆ_u

D`grå^Ap¡ A_¡ eyÂ^

L$p¥iëe_¡ rQÓp¡_p dpÂed\u

âõsys L$fsu rb°V$__p A¡L$

õ\p_uL$ L$gpL$pf Üpfp s¥epf

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu `yõsL$

"rihpÆ, ^ qfeg lufp¡ : A

b°ua B_kpBX$ V|$ ^ gpBa

Ap ̧a rihpÆ dlpfpS>' _y„

rhdp¡Q_ rb°qV$i k„kv$_p

lpDk Ap ̧a L$p ̧dÞkdp„ 1 d¡

_p fp¡S> Apep¡rS>s A¡L$

kdpfp¡ldp„ BrslpkL$pf

bpbp kprlb `yf„v$f¡ Üpfp Ap `yõsL$_u A¡L$ âs cpfsue

d|m_p rb°qV$i g¡bf kp„kv$ L$u\ hpS>_¡ âv$p_ L$fu_¡

`yõsL$_y rhdp¡Q_ L$ey® lsy. `yõsL$ 100 S>¡V$gp rQÓp¡ kp\¡

88 `p_p ^fph¡ R>¡.

n¡Óuesp_u ìep¿ep L$fsu A_¡ hj® 194` bpv$_p hjp£dp„ ârs`pqv$s

rhrcÞ_ Apr\®L$ rkÂ^p„sp¡, Apv$ip£ s\p AÞe rkÂ^p„sp¡ `f cpf v$¡su A_¡

n¡Óue klep¡N_p ÓZ dlÐh`|Z® âepkp¡ s\p e|fp¡`ue k„O, kpL®$ A_¡

Aprkep_ `f rhõs©s QQp® L$fsu `yõsL$, lpD _¡bk® L$„hS®>, ^ `p ̧rgqV$L$k

A¡ÞX$ BL$p¡_p ̧rdL$k Ap ̧a qfT_¡[ëS>d'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ D`fpô2$`rs A¡d.lrdv$

A„kpfu Üpfp 1f d¡ _p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Apìey. `yõsL$_p g¡ML$ AaOpr_õsp_

Mps¡ cpfs_p fpS>v|$s ApB.`u. Mp¡kgp R>¡.

12

hX$pâ^p__p `|h® duqX$ep kgplL$pf s\p hj® f009-14 ky^u

ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p kv$õe fl¡gp Aê$Z dpefp gurMs `yõsL$

"fuqX$TpB_]N ^ A¡fp¡àg¡_ lhpBg agpHN qfap¡rd ̄N BqÞõV$V$1e|iÞk'_y„

rhdp¡Q_ 13 d¡ _p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

`yõsL$dp„ ey.`u.A¡. kfL$pfdp„ kp¡r_ep Np„^u_u v$Mg rhj¡

rhõspf`|h®L$ QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. `yõsL$dp„ S>Zphpep A_ykpf hj®

f004_u gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu_u Æs bpv$ `p¡s¡ hX$pâ^p_ _l] b_u_¡

X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO_¡ Ap `v$ `f r_e|L$s L$ep®. `f„sy v$f¡L$ dlÐh`|Z®

r_dZ|„L$p¡dp„ s\p _ursAp¡dp„ kp¡r_ep Np„^u fk g¡sp lsp.

"fuqX$TpBt_N ^ A¡fp¡àg¡_ lhpBg

agpHN qfap¡rd ̄N BqÞõV$V$1e|iÞk'

`ÓL$pqfsp n¡Ó¡ rhriô$ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g "f¡d_ d¡Ák¡k¡ `yfõL$pf' \u B.k.197`dp„ kçdpr_s \e¡gp

hqf›$ `ÓL$pf bu.Æ.hN}k¡ gM¡gu `yõsL$ "`p¡õV$ l¡S> qL„$hV$¡k¢rieg BqÞX$ep'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ 1 d¡ _p fp¡S>

qv$ëlu Mps¡ Apep¡Æs A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ `|h® rhv$¡i d„Óu _V$hftkO, cpfsue kp„õL©$rsL$ k„b„^ `qfjv$_p

AÂen L$Z®tkl, Þeped|rs® gugp i¡W$ A_¡ rinZrhv$1 Ar_sp hË$g Üpfp k„eyL$sê$`¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

Ap `yõsL$dp„ cpfs_u kd©qÂ^, rhfpks, rhrh^ Apõ\pAp¡, õhs„Ósp k„N°pd, k„rh^p__u fQ_p

A_¡ A_¡L$ A¥rslprkL$ OV$_pAp¡_„y âõsysuL$fZ `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p dpÂed\u L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡dp„

1000 S>¡V$gu `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p dpÂed_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡, S>¡_p Üpfp "BqÞX$ep v$¥V$ BT

cpfs'_u L$lp_u âõsys L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® 1986\u qv$ëlu qõ\s "k¡ÞV$f ap ̧f `p¡rgku qfkQ®'_p A¡kp¡rkA¡V$ a¡gp¡ `v$¡

fl¡gp `ÓL$pf bu.Æ.hN}k B.k.1969 \u 197` ky^u rlÞvy$õsp_ V$pBçk, hj® 198f \u 1986

ky^u ^ BqÞX$e_ A¡L$kâ¡kdp„ dy¿e k„`pv$L$ füp lsp. s¡d_u dy¿e `yõsL$p¡ "qX$TpB_ ap ̧f V|$dp¡fp¡',

"rhr_„N ae|Qf' A_¡ "hp¡d® ApB' R>¡.

"`p¡õV$ lõV$ qL$h„V$¡k¢rieg Bq X$ep'

¡ Þ

"lpD _¡bk® L„$hS®>, ^

`p ̧rgqV$L$k A¡ÞX$ BL$p¡_p ̧rdL$k

Ap ̧a qfT_¡[ëS>d'

B.A¡d. ap¡õVf_u epÓpAp¡ `f Ap^pqfs A_¡ s¡d_p L©$Ðep¡,

Æh__u OV$_pAp¡ s\p s¡_p S>qV$g rhfp¡^pcpku ìeqL$sÐh_y

hZ®_ s¡dS> cpfs A_¡ v$.ApräL$p_p kprlqÐeL$ Öíe kp\¡

B.A¡d.ap¡õV$f_p AL$\_ue k„b„^p¡ rhj¡ S>Zphsu `yõsL$

"ApL®$qV$L$ kdf'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ \ey R>¡. Ap `yõsL$ D`ÞepkL$pf

X$¥d_ NgN|s Üpfp gMhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

byL$f âpBT dpV$¡ b¡ hpf ip ̧V®$rgõV$ \_pf X$¥d_ NgNys_p¡

S>Þd v$.ApräL$p_p râV$p¡fuep Mps¡ B.k.1963dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡.

dpÓ 17 hj®_u he¡ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p¡ â\d D`Þepk "A rk_g¡k

kuS>_' g¿ep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p AÞe D`Þepkp¡ "õdp¡g kqL®$g Ap ̧a

b]Ák', "^ åeyV$uayg õ3⁄4$uqd„N Ap ̧a r`Ák'„, "^ L$h¡fu', "^ NyX$

X$p ̧L$V$f', "^ Bç`p¡õV$f', "B_ A õV2$¢S>ê$d' R>¡.

"ApL®$qV$L$ kdf'

X$¥d_ NgN|s

_hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„

D`fpô2$`rs îu dp¡l„dv$ lrdv$ A„kpfu_p lõs¡ 9

d¡ _p fp¡S> âp ̧a¡kf Aip¡L$ L$¡. `„L$S> s\p `°p ̧a¡kf

AÆs L$¡.`p„X$¡ Üpfp k„eyL$s ê$`¡ k„`pqv$s `yõsL$

"kbAëV$fr_V$u, A¡L$kL$g|S>_ A¡ÞX$ kp¡ig

Q¢S> B_ BqÞX$ep'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Îp L$fhpdp„ Apìey.

Ap `yõsL$_y„ âL$pi_ "L$¥qçb°S> e|r_hrk®V$u

â¡k BqÞX$ep' Üpfp \ey R>¡. S>¡dp„ kdpS>_p

q_Qgp sbL$L$p_p kpdprS>L$ kl k„b„^p¡ s¡_p,

kpdprS>L$ bv$gphp¡_y„ A¡L$ sÕepÐdL$ rhïg¡jZ

v$ip®ìey R>¡.

"kbAëV$fr_V$u,

A¡L$kL$g|S>_ A¡ÞX$ kp¡ig

Q¢S> B_ BqÞX$ep'

"BqÞX$ep S„>L$i_-A thX$p¡ V|$ ^ _¡i_'

"rihpÆ, ^ fueg lufp¡

: A b°ua B_kpBX$

B_ V|$ ^ gpBa Ap ̧a

rihpÆ dlpfpS>'

"A õV$¥

ç` BT bp

¡

_®'

`p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p qX$TpB_f ku.Apf. `L$fpiu Üpfp gurMs `yõsL$ "A

õV$¥ç` BT bp¡_®'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Z cpfs_p D`fpô2$`rs îu A¡d. lrdv$

A„kpfuA¡ 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> L$ey® lsy.

`p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$p¡_p Brslpk A_¡ rhL$pk_u DÑd sõhuf fS|> L$fsu Ap

`yõsL$ `p¡õV$ qV$qL$V$_p r_dp®Z `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. S>¡dp„ `6 S>¡V$gu epv$Npf

qV$qL$V$p¡_u qX$TpB_ Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

`yõsL$dp„ g¡ML$¡ qV$qL$V$ r_dp®Z_u âq3⁄4$ep_p âÐe¡L$ õsf\u

gB_¡ râqV„$N ky^u_p v$f¡L$ sbL$L$pAp¡ k„b„^u `p¡sp_p A_|chp¡ S>Zphu_¡ qV$qL$V$

qX$TpB_]N `f Ýep_ L$¡qÞÖs L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

gp`sp \e¡g dg¡riepB rhdp_ A¡d.A¡Q. 370 `f_u bpbsp¡ QQ®sy "agpBV$ A¡d.A¡Q.370 :

^ rdõV2$u' rhj¡_u hs®dp_ `Ó "^ BqÞX$`¡X$¢V$'_u qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b `yõsL$dp„ v$php¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ L$¡, Ap àg¡_

\pBg¡ÞX$-Ad¡qfL$u k¥Þe Aæepk v$fqdep_ c|g_p r_ip_p `f Aphu Ney lsy. S>¡_p¡ L$pV$dpm dlpkpNfdp„\u lSy>

ky^u Np¡su iL$pep¡ _\u. k_ l¡fpëX$_p S>Zphhp dyS>b Ap `yõsL$_¡ L$pfZ¡ gp`sp gp¡L$p¡_p `qfhpf_p gp¡L$p¡ Nyõk¡

cfpep R>¡.`yõsL$_p g¡ML$ A_¡ A¢Ágp¡-Ad¡qfL$u S>_p®rgõV$ A_¡ g¡ML$ _pBTg L$p\p¡f_ R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ ANpD Aduf,

dilyf gp¡L$p¡ `f_u k¡L$k kuqfT gMu_¡ M|b S> ârkÂ^u d¡mhu QyL$ep R>¡. _pBTg¡ `yõsL$dp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ gp`sp

rhdp_ rhj¡ L$epf¡e L$p¡B dprlsu dmhp_u _\u. A_¡ Ap OV$_p_u kpnu Þe|Tug¡ÞX$_u A¡L$ Ap¡Bg ad®dp„ L$pe® L$f_pf

A¡L$ kpnu_p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ Ad¡qfL$p-\pBg¡ÞX$ hÃQ¡ `pZu, lhp, S>du_ `f eyÂ^ Aæepk Qpgu füp¡ lsp¡,

Ðepf¡ A¡L$ k¥q_L$¡ Np¡mu Qgphu lsu A_¡ rhdp_ syV$u `X$ey lsy.

"agpBV$ A¡d.A¡Q. 370 : ^ rdõV2$u'

cpfs_y„ fpS>_ursL$ n¡Ó A_¡ âh©rÑAp¡ `f rhs¡gp 19 hjp£dp„ ^ B[ÞX$e_ A¡1⁄4kâ¡k_p A¡qX$V$f B_ -Qua i¡Mf Nyáp Üpfp gMhpdp„

Aph¡gp 900 S>¡V$gp õ„scp¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fsu `yõsL$

" ' 24 d¡ _p fp¡S> Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap õs„cp¡ i¡Mf Nyáp Üpfp _h¡çbf

1997dp„ B[ÞX$e_ A¡L$õâ¡kdp„ _¡i_g BÞV$f¡õV$ õs„c A„sN®s gMpe¡gp õs„cp¡_p¡ rlõkp¡ R>¡. õs„cp¡_p k„L$g_dp„ B.k. 1997 bpv$\u

cpfsdp„ A`_phpe¡gp Ak„¿e sfuL$pAp¡ _¡ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap õs„c cpfsdp„ A¡L$ v$iL$ L$fsp `Z h^y kde ky^u vy$rh^pAp¡,

k„L$V$p¡ A_¡ kÑp_p M¡g_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ R>¡. S>¡dp 1990_p ê$rQL$p rNflp¡Óp dpdgp\u gB_¡ qX$k¡çbf 2012_p qv$ëlu N¢N f¡` dpdgp_¡

kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. s¡dS> L$p¢N°¡k_p fpS>dp„ fpÄep¡_u [õ\qs A_¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p Dv$e_u hps `Z v$ip®hpB R>¡.

Ap `yõsL$ kÑp A_¡ s¡_p D`ep¡N A_¡ vy$fD`ep¡N `f khpgp¡ DW$ph¡ R>¡ A_¡ A¡L$ v$¡i A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_p ê$`¡ `pf„`qfL$ op_, A_¡ gp„bp

kde\u Apep¡rS>s dpÞespAp¡_¡ QL$_pQ|f L$fsp rhQpfp¡ âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. Apd Å¡hp S>BA¡ sp¡ Ap `yõsL$ _hu kv$udp„ cpfs_p Brslpk_u

kdL$pgu_ kdS>_y„ A¡L$ k„L$g_ R>¡.

A¡ÞV$urk`¡qV„$N B[ÞX$ep-^ b¡õV$ Ap ̧a _¡i_g BÞV$f¡õV$

" ' A¡ÞV$urk`¡qV„$N B[ÞX$ep-^ b¡õV$ Ap ̧a _¡i_g BÞV$f¡õV$

Page 13 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 13

Ad¡qfL$p_p lph®X®$ rbT_¡k õL|$gdp„ f d¡ f014_p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡g A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ Qpf S>¡V$gp cpfsue

rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ lph®X®$ rbT_¡k `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap õL|$g_p A¡d.bu.A¡. _p

rhÛp\} A_¡ d¡k¡Ãe|k¡V$1k BqÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Ædp„\u rdL$¡q_L$g A¡qÞSr_eqf„Ndp„ qX$N°u âpá

Ad©sp k¥Ng_¡ 18dp„ lph®X®$ qbT_¡k õL|$g Þe| h¢Qf L$ç`uV$ui__p kp¡íeg A¡ÞV$fâpBT hN®dp„ rhS>¡sp

sfuL$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep.

Ad©sp k¥Ng¡ `p¡sp_p D`3⁄4$d "kp\u'_u iê$Aps

q3⁄4$õV$uA_ AN¡õsy kp\¡ L$fu_¡ cpfsdp„ N°pduZ n¡Ó_u

drlgpAp¡ dpV$¡ _L$pdp„ L$¡mp_p h©n_p apBbf_¡

D`ep¡Ndp„ gB_¡ k¡_¡V$fu `¡X$ D`gå^ L$fpìep lsp.

S>epf¡ rbT_¡k V2$¡L$ hN®dp„ kp¥fc dlpS>_ `p¡sp_p D`3⁄4$d

"Agä¡X$' bv$g `k„v$ \ep lsp. "Agä¡X$' k¡hp_p¡

D`ep¡N X2$pB L$gut_N, lpDk L$gut_N dpV$¡ \pe R>¡. s¡dS> kp¡íeg A¡ÞV$fâpBT hN®dp„ A¡d.bu.A¡._p

rhÛp\} dufp dl¡sp_¡ s¡d_p D`3⁄4$d "V$p¡d¡V$p¡ Å¡k' bv$g `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. Ap D`3⁄4$d bv$g

_pBÆfuep_p _p_p M¡X|$sp¡_¡ V$d¡V$p_u M¡su dpV$¡ â¡qfs L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap V$d¡V$p_p¡ D`ep¡N rhrh^

DÐ`pv$_p¡ dpV$¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

qbT_¡k hN®dp„ âusLy$dpf raV$_¡k dpV$¡ hL®$ ApDV$ huqX$ep¡ D`gå^ L$fph_pf D`3⁄4$d "byep raV$_¡k'

bv$g `k„v$ \ep R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, lph®X®$ rbT_¡k õL|$g Üpfp Apep¡Æs Ap ârsep¡rNsp_p¡ l¡sy Ad¡qfL$u k„õ\p_p¡_p

hs®dp_ s\p `|h® rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ _hp¡ L$pfp¡bpf A_¡ kpdprS>L$ âcph D`3⁄4$d iê$ L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap

ârsep¡rNspdp„ dy¿e ÓZ î¡Zu (1) kp¥\u Arc_h (f) kp¥\u Akfv$pf (3) bl¡sfu_ fp¡L$pZ lsu.

`ÓL$pqfsp_p rhrcÞ_ n¡Óp¡ (g¡ML$, hpQL$, R>pepL$pf, L$pVy®$r_õV$)dp„

DÑd âv$i®_ bv$g B.k.1976dp„ "dps©õhf' `qÓL$p_p k„`pv$L$ A_¡

õhs„Ó `ÓL$pf qv$_¡i idp® Üpfp dpsyîu duqX$ep `yfõL$pf_u iê$Aps

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf ârshj® `ÓL$pqfsp kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp f`

DÐL©$ô$ `ÓL$pfp¡_¡ A¡_pes \pe R>¡. Ap `yfõL$pf A„sN®s L$p¡B A¡L$ cpfsue

raëd_¡ `Z `yfõL©$s L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

1 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> qv$ëlu Mps¡ 39dp„ A¡hp Ap `yfõL$pfp¡_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp„ f` S>¡V$gp `ÓL$pfp¡ krls rlÞv$u raëd "lpB-h¡'_¡

kh®î¡›$ raëd Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

cpfs_p fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆ_p lõs¡ f d¡ _p fp¡S> `` L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ s¡d_u rhriô$

k¡hp A_¡ blpvy$fu bv$g hufsp `yfõL$pf\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp. S>¡dp„ 3 qL$s} Q3⁄4$, 9 ip¥e® Q3⁄4$,

3 DÑd eyÂ^ k¡hp `v$L$ krls f3 Ars rhriô$ k¡hp `v$L$ kpd¡g lsp.

cpfs v$¡i_¡ vy$bB Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s rhi¡j Np¡gd¡S> Ar^h¡i__p hprj®L$

kdpfp¡ldp„ 8 d¡_p fp¡S> Af¡rbe_ V2$ph¡g dpL$£V$ (A¡.V$u.A¡d.) Üpfp Þe| ä„qV$ek®

`yfõL$pf f014\u kÞdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìey. cpfs_¡ Ap kçdp_ DÑfpM„X$dp„ vy$N®d

Ap`rÑ R>sp `e®V$_ rhL$pkdp„ DÐL©$ô$ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g âv$p_ \ey R>¡.

Ap `yfõL$pf rldpgeu Ap`rÑ bpv$ cpfs_p `y_r_dp®Z, dfçds A_¡

`y_ê$Â^pf_p L$pep£ ârs kçdp_ âv$ri®s L$f¡ R>¡.

Af¡rbe_ V2$ph¡g dpL$£V$_y„ Ap 9dy„ k„õL$fZ R>¡. hj® f013_p¡ `yfõL$pf

rarg`pBÞk_¡ A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡.

N¢Nd¡_, V2$p ̧gud¡_,

N¡V$d¡_, rhS>mu Mgpku,

N©`-X$u _p f¡gh¡

L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ k¡hp bv$g

âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp

v$¡icf_p âÐe¡L$ f¡gh¡

M„X$p¡dp„ kÞdp_ kdpfp¡l

Apep¡rS>s \ep lsp. S>¡dp„

dy¿e kdpfp¡l _hu

qv$ëludp„ L$¡.`u.L$¡. fp¡X$

Mps¡ ep¡Åep¡ lsp¡. f¡gh¡

dqlgp L$ëepZ L$¡qÞÖe

k„NW$__p AÂen îudsu L$p„spLy$dpf_p AÂen `v$¡ `yfõL$pf A¡_pes \ep lsp. S>¡dp„

qv$ëlu n¡Ódp„ f` hj®\u k¡hpfs A_¡ b¡v$pN f¡L$p¡X®$ ^fphsp 370 N©`-X$u _p f¡gh¡

L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ kÞdp_ bv$g `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Mphp-`uhp_p DÛp¡N_u vy$r_ep_p¡ Ap ̧õL$f L$l¡hpsp¡ S>¡çk bueX®$ MpÛ `yfõL$pf_u iê$Aps

B.k.1990dp„ \B lsu. S>¡ ârshj® S>¡çk bueX®$ apDÞX$¡i_ Üpfp Þe|ep¡L®$_p tgL$_ k¡ÞV$f Mps¡ âv$p_

\pe R>¡.

hj® f014 dpV$¡ cpfsue d|m_p Ad¡qfL$u i¡a rh3⁄4$d ky„v$fd_¡ "b¡õV$ i¡a B_ rdX$-A¡V$gp„V$' A_¡

rhð¡i cË$_¡ "b¡õV$ i¡a B_ kpD\'_p¡ `yfõL$pf Þe|ep¡L®$ Mps¡ 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> A¡_pes \ep¡.

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a agp¡qfX$p_p `|h® rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ `p¡sp_p `k„v$Nu_p n¡Ódp„

kh®î¡›$ âv$i®_ bv$g âv$p_ \sp¡ e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a agp¡qfX$p, Ad¡qfL$p_p¡ khp£ÃQ

`yfõL$pf Agyd_k A¡hp¡X®$ R>¡.

cpfsdp„ Ane DÅ® Qgph_pf Ar_g fpS>h„iu 4 d¡ _p fp¡S> N°pduZ n¡Ódp„

s¡d_p Ac|s`|h® L$pe® bv$g Agyd_k A¡hp¡X®$\u kçdpr_s \ep R>¡. Ap A¡hp¡X®$

âpá L$f_pf s¡Ap¡ â\d cpfsue R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ ApB.ApB.V$u. L$p_`yfdp„ rdL$¡r_L$g A¡qÞS>r_ef]N Aæepk bpv$ hj®

1979dp„ e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a agp¡qfX$pdp„ `uA¡Q.X$u. L$fu_¡ b¡ hj® L$pe® L$ey®.

B.k.1981dp„ dlpfpô2$_p agV$_ Mps¡ N°pduZ qb_ kfL$pfu k„NW$_ r_çbL$pf

L©$rj qfkQ® k„õ\p__¡ Qgphhp õhv$¡i Apìep lsp. N°pduZ rhL$pk_u qv$ipdp„

s¡dZ¡ L$f¡gp L$pep£ bv$g "kp¡gf lp ̧g Ap ̧a ^ ä¡d' `yfõL$pf\u `Z kçdpr_s \B

Q|L$ep R>¡.

ìlpBV$ lpDk Üpfp 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> b¡ cpfsue d|m_p Ad¡qfL$u d„S|>jp `u. Ly$gL$Z} A_¡ f„S>_p `¢V$g_¡

"Q¡qç`e_ Ap ̧a Q¢S>' dpV$¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep. Ap `yfõL$pf A¡rie„k Ad¡qfL„$k A¡ÞX$ `¡k¡raL$

ApBkg¢X$k®_¡ fpô2$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp Üpfp gphhpdp„ Aph¡gp Apfp¡Áe Ar^r_ed rhj¡ qirns

L$fhp_p l¡sy\u \e¡gp s¡d_p L$pep£ bv$g `k„v$Nu \B R>¡. Ap `yfõL$pf dp_h k¡hp rhcpN Üpfp AÞe

Ar^hL$spAp¡ A_¡ kpdyv$preL$ _¡spAp¡ kp\¡ s¡d_¡ âv$p_ \ep¡ R>¡.

39dp¡ dpsyîu duqX$ep `yfõL$pf

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a `¢rkgh¡r_ep Mps¡ A¡L$ lp¡qõ`V$gdp„ BÞV$f_¡i_g

L$pqX®$ep¡gp ̧Æ_p a¡gp¡ cpfsue d|m ^fphsp Ad¡qfL$u ùv$e fp¡N rhi¡jo rdsyg

L$X$qL$ep_¡ "kp¡kpeV$u ap ̧f L$pqX®$ep¡ h¡kL$e|gf A¡qÞS>ep¡N°pau A¡ÞX$ HV$fh¡i„k

apDÞX$¡i_' sfa\u hj® f014_p¡ Å¡S®> b°¥X$¡_ d¡dp¡qfeg a¡gp¡ Ap ̧a ^ ef `yfõL$pf

âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡.

Ap `yfõL$pf ùv$e fp¡N rhop_dp„ A¡L$ ârsr›$s `yfõL$pf dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

S>¡ ârshj® Ad¡qfL$pdp„ õ_psL$ L$fu fl¡gp lÅfp¡ rhop_ a¡gp¡ `¥L$u A¡L$_¡

A¡_pes \pe R>¡. S>¡_u `k„v$Nu dpV$¡ Dd¡v$hpf_p lõsn¡` L$p¥ig, ùv$e

rhj¡_p k„ip¡^_dp„ ìeqL$sNs ep¡Nv$p_, ùv$e A_yk„^p_

`qÓL$pAp¡dp„ âL$pi_, fp¡Nu_u v$¡Mcpm dpV$¡_y„ kd`®Z-L$ëepZ

dpV$¡_u sÐ`fsp_p Ap^pf¡ d|ëep„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Þe| ä„qV$ek® `yfõL$pf-f014

Agyd_k A¡hp¡X®$-Ar_g fpS>h„iu `yfõL©$s

lph®X®$ rbT_

¡k `yfõL$pf - Qpf cpfsue rhÛp\} rhS>¡

sp

f¡gh¡ drlgp L$ëepZ L$¡qÞÖe k„NW$_ Üpfp

f¡gh¡ L$d®QpfuAp¡_y„ kÞdp_ \ey

"Q¡qç`e_ Ap ̧a Q¢S>' `yfõL$pf

S>¡çk bueX®$ MpÛ `yfõL$pf-f014

rhfsp `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep

rb[õdëgpMp„ eyhp `yfõL$pf-2012

k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du Üpfp rb[õdëgpMp„ eyhp `yfõL$pf-2012 dpV$¡ 33 S>¡V$gp _pdp¡_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, k„Nus, _pV$L$ A_¡ _©Ðe n¡Ó¡ eyhpAp¡_¡ âp¡Ðkprls L$fhp_p

l¡sy\u k„Nus _pV$L$ AL$pv$du Üpfp hj® 2006dp„ Ap `yfõL$pf_u iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap

`yfõL$pf 40 hj® ky^u_u he ^fphsp L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ s¡d_p n¡Ódp„ DÐL©$ô$ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g A¡_pes R>¡.

`yfõL$pf rhcpN_u h^y d¡V$f `p_p _„.17 D`f

Page 14 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 14

fpô2$ue agp¡f„k

_pBqV„$Ng `yfõL$pf_u

õ\p`_p B.k.1973dp„ \B

lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf A„sN®s

A¡L$ `v$L$, âdpZ`Ó,

âiqõs`Ó A_¡ `0,000_u

fp¡L$X$ âv$p_ \pe R>¡. Ap

`yfõL$pf L$¡ÞÖ, fpS>e, L$¡ÞÖ

iprks âv$¡ip¡, rb_ kfL$pfu

k„NW$_p¡ A_¡ õhe„k¡hu

k„NW$_p¡dp„ L$pe®fs _kp£_¡

A¡_pes \pe R>¡. S>¡ ârs hj®

Ap„sffpô2$ue _k® qv$hk_p

Ahkf¡ 1f d¡ _p qv$hk¡ A`®Z L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

fpô2$`rs îu âZh dyMÆ®A¡ 3` _kp£_¡ s¡d_u D‰¡M_ue

L$pep£ bv$g Ap `yfõL$pf 1f d¡ f014_p fp¡S> âv$p_ L$ep® lsp.

Ap„sffpô2$ue _k® qv$hk "v$ep_u v$¡hu' sfuL$¡ ârkÂ^ \e¡gp

rb°qV$i _k® agp¡fÞk _pBqV„$Ng_p S>Þdqv$_¡ DS>hpe R>¡.

"rhL$V$fu X$¡' friepdp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡ buÅ rhðeyÂ^dp„ _pTu

spL$sp¡ `f rhS>e_p¡ qv$hk R>¡. kp¡rhe¡s kfL$pf¡ brg®__p lõspnf kdpfp¡l

bpv$ 9 d¡ _p fp¡S> Æs_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

9 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> "rhL$V$fu X$¡'_u 69du hj®Np„W$ r_rdÑ¡ friep_p

fpô2$`rs ìlpv$uduf `yrs_¡ 3⁄4uqdep_p k¡hp`p¡õsp¡g il¡f Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s

kdpfp¡ldp„ cpN qg^p¡ lsp¡. rhS>e qv$hk `f¡X$ A_¡ Ap^yq_L k¡Þe

kf„Åd_y„ âv$i®_ Å¡hp k¡hp`p¡õsp¡g_p _prMdp¡h Qp¡L$ Mps¡ lÅfp¡ gp¡L$p¡

lpS>f füp lsp.

3⁄4uqdep_p ey3⁄4$¡_dp„\u AgN \B_¡ friepdp„ kpd¡g \ep bpv$ `yrs_

Al] â\dhpf Apìep lsp. A_¡ q3⁄4$duep\u friepdp„ `fs dps©v$¡idp„

\e¡gu hp`ku_¡ A¥rslprkL$ NZphu lsu. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, 3⁄4uqd„ep

B.k.19`4 \u dpQ®-f01$4 ky^u ey3⁄4$¡__p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ lsy.

"rhL$V$fu X$¡ : 9 d¡'

Ap„sffpô2$ue _k®

qv$hk¡ âv$p_ \ep

fpô2$ue agp¡f„k

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bpmL$p¡ Bðf_y„ hfv$p_' A¡hp kpfp iåv$p¡ kp\¡ bpmL$p¡_¡ rbfv$phuA¡ R>uA¡. bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ W$¡f W$¡f bVy$L$ cp¡S>_, fpls v$f¡

`yõsL$p¡_y„ rhsfZ, L$¡V$gpL$ fpS>L$ue k„NW$_p¡ Üpfp fdL$X$p rhsfZ, bNuQpAp¡ b_phhp rhN¡f¡ kpfp L$pep£ L$fu_¡

kdpS>dp„ s¡_u _p¢^ g¡hfphsp lp¡BA¡ R>uA¡. `f„sy S>¡ bpmL$p¡ Nfub R>¡, A_p\ R>¡ s¡d_u `pk¡ a¡L$V$fu, Qp _u qL$V$gu,

vy$L$p_p¡dp„, N¡f¡Tdp„ L$pev$p rhê$Ý^ s¡d_u NfubpB_u dS>b|fu_p¡ gpc DW$phuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ rinZ_p Aq^L$pf A„sN®s

14 hj® ky^u_p bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ L$fpe¡g das rinZ_p Ar^L$pf\u s¡d_¡ h„rQs fpMuA¡ R>uA¡.

fpô2$ue _d|_p kh£nZ_u hj® 2010_u qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b v$¡idp„ Apif¡ 49 gpM bpmL$p¡ dS|>fu L$fu füp R>¡. Apsp¡

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`p„Q \u 14 he hN® hÃQ¡ 1.26 L$fp¡X$ bpmL$p¡ îd kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. Ap„sffpô2$ue îd k„NW$_ A_ykpf v$¡idp„ 68

gpM R>p¡L$fp A_¡ 58 gpM R>p¡L$fuAp¡ bpm dS|>fu_u Qy„Npgdp„ akpe¡gp R>¡. bpm dS|>fu AV$L$phhp dpV$¡ L$p¡B kyr_ep¡rS>s

L$pe®3⁄4$d_p Acph¡ Ap k„¿ep h^u flu R>¡.

qv$hk¡ rv$hk¡ hL$fu fl¡gu bpm dS|>fu s\p bpm sõL$fu S>¡hu kdõep_¡ _p\hp bQ`_ bQphp¡ Ap„v$p¡g_',

Q¡s_p' L$¡ 3⁄4$pB' S>¡hp bpm Ar^L$pf k„NW$_p¡ L$pe®fs R>¡. `f„sy kdõep_y„ L$v$ rhL$fpm lp¡hp\u kfL$pf A_¡ kdpS>¡ kp\¡

dmu_¡ s¡_p¡ lg ip¡^hp¡ `X$i¡.

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bpg dS

|>fu A¡L$ Arcip`

fpô2$ue V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ qv$hk DS>hhp_p¡ l¡sy

h¥opr_L$ s`pk, V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ kˆ$sp A_¡

qhop_, kdpS> A_¡ DÛp¡N_p k„rdg__¡

h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡. V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ rhL$pk bp¡X$£ 11

d¡ _p fp¡S> _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ Ap qv$hk_u

DS>hZu L$fu lsu.

11 d¡ 1998_p fp¡S> cpfs¡

kamsp`|h®L$ `p¡MfZdp„ `fdpÏ

`qfnZ L$ey® lsy. Ap rv$hk¡ â\d õhv$¡iu

b_phV$_y„ A¡f3⁄4$paV$ rhdp_ l„k-3 _y„

kam `qfnZ \ey lsy. ApS> qv$hk¡

qÓiyg rdkpBg_y„ `qfnZ `Z \ey lsy.

Ap D`g[å^Ap¡_¡ _Tf kdn fpMu_¡ 11

d¡ _p fp¡S> ârshj® Ap qv$hk DS>hhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡.

vy$r_epcfdp„ 18 d¡ _p qv$hk¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue k„N°lpge qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡.

hs®dp_ hj®_u DS>hZu Ly$g 37du DS>hZu lsu. S>¡_p¡ rhje k„N°lpge_p k„N°l

k„b„^ b_ph¡ R>¡ lsp¡.

hj® 2014_p rhje_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy k„N°lpgep¡dp„ s¡d_p kdyv$pep¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhp A_¡

S>_sp_u kp\¡ fpMhp s¡_p `pf„`qfL$ D`pep¡_¡ afu\u Æh„s L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. Ap qv$hk_p

Ahkf¡ v$¡i-vy$r_ep_p lÅfp¡ k„N°lpgep¡dp„ k„N°lpge kdyv$pe Üpfp rhrcÞ_ L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡_y„

Apep¡S>_ \ey lsy. hj® 2014_p¡ Ap qv$hk DS>hhp_p¡ l¡sy k„N°lpge_p rhL$pk_p

rhjedp„ ÅN©rs gphhp_p¡ lsp¡.

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kdpS>_p rhL$pk dpV$¡ k„N°lpgep¡_u dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p

âÐe¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs a¡gphhp dpV$¡_p l¡sy\u B.k.1977\u rhðcfdp„ Ap„sffpô2$ue

k„N°lpge qv$hk 18 d¡ _p qv$hk¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,Ap„sffpô2$ue

k„N°lpge `rfjv$ Üpfp hj® f013_p¡ rhje : "k„N°lpge õd©rs A_¡ kS®>_pÐdL$sp\u

kpdprS>L$ `qfhs®_' fpMhpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ lsp¡.

Ap„sffpô2$ue k„N°lpge qv$hk-18 d

¡

hj® 2014_p¡ rhje: "k„N°lpge_p k„N°l k„b„^ b_ph¡ R>¡ '

Ap„sfffpô2ue k„N°lpge qv$hk DS>hZu_p `°k„N¡ fpô2$ue

Np„^u k„N°lpge Mps¡ `|. dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ Üpfp D`ep¡N

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu f¡S>f, L$gd, Qídp rhNf¡ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„

s\p A¡L$ _hu h¡b kpBV$ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu A_¡ L$¡V$gpL$

Ap¡qX$ep¡/huqX$ep¡ a|V$¡S>, sõhuf Ap¡_gpB_ \B NB R>¡. S>¡dp

"V$p¡qL„$N Ap ̧a Np„^uÆ' `Z kpd¡g R>¡. âv$ri®s \e¡gu

hõsyAp¡dp„ L$õsyfbp Üpfp D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g Q|X$u, tkv|$f,

ipg S>¡L$¡V$ rhN¡f¡ `Z kpd¡g lsp A¡ rkhpe _p_u OqX$epm,

v$uhp¡, õV$ug_p hpkZ, kp¡B-v$p¡fp¡ krls Ly$g 32 hõsyAp¡_y„

âv$i®_ \ey lsy. S>¡dp_u dp¡V$p cpN_u hõsyAp¡ d_yb¡_ Np„^u

`pk¡\u âpá L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu, S>¡ s¡dZ¡ kpQhu fpMu lsu

cpfsdp„ DS>hZu

Ap„sffpô2$ue S>¥h

rhrh^sp qv$hk-ff d

¡

rhje : qÜ`ue S>¥h-rhqh^sp

Ap„sffpô2$ue S>¥h rhrh^sp qv$hk ff d¡ 2014_p qv$hk¡ DS>hhpdp„

Apìep¡. S>¡_p¡ rhje "qÜ`ue S>¥h -rhrh^sp' lsp¡. Ap rhje rhL$pkiug

fpÄep¡_p _p_p qÜ`_p Ap„sffpô2$ue hj® kp\¡ d¡m `pd¡ R>¡, S>¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$

dlpkcp Üpfp _prds L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy

.Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® 2013_u DS>hZu fpS>^p_u _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡

L$¡qÞÖe `ep®hfZ A_¡ h_ d„Ópge s\p h¡V$g„¦X1k BÞV$f_¡i_g-kpD\

A¡riep A_¡ X$åëey.X$åëey.A¡a. BqÞX$ep Üpfp kp\¡ dmu_¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue S>¥h

rhrh^sp qv$hk ff d¡ f013_p fp¡S> DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

Ap Ahkf¡ L$¡rÞÖe `ep®hfZ A_¡ h_ d„Ópge Üpfp Adv$phpv$_p

`ep®hfZ rinZ L$¡ÞÖ Üpfp qX$TpB_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp `p¡õV$f "S>m A¡ S> Æh_

R>¡'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy„. S>¡ v$¡i_u dy¿e 16 cpjpAp¡dp„ b_phhpdp„

Apìey R>¡ s\p "d¡ÞN©ìS> Ap¡a BqÞX$ep' s¡_y„ S>¥h rhop_ A_¡ D`ep¡N _pd_p

`yõsL$_y„ rhdp¡Q_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. Ap `yõsL$_y„ âL$pi_ cpfsue âpZu

rhop_ kh£nZ Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.hj® f013 dpV$¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue S>¥h

rhrh^sp qv$hk_p¡ rhje : "S>m A_¡ S>¥h rhrh^sp' lsp¡. S>¡ b„_¡ ^fsu `f

Æh_ dpV$¡ S>ê$fu R>¡. ârs hj®¡ s¡_u DS>hZu L$fu_¡ Ap`Z¡ cphu `¡Y$u dpV$¡ S>¥h

k„ip^_p¡_u d|ëehp_ rhfpks_y„ fnZ L$fhp_p¡ k„L$ë` A_¡ S>hpbv$pfu gBA¡

R>uA¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs v$¡i Üpfp l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡ Ap¡L$V$p¡bf f01fdp„

11dy„ S>¥h rhrh^sp Ar^h¡i_ ep¡S>hpdp„ Apìey lsy„. S>¡\u cpfs Ap kde¡ s¡_u

kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp rhrcÞ_ `np¡_p k„d¡g__y„ AÂen lsy.

fpô2$ue V$¡1⁄4

1

_p

¡

gp

̧Æ qv$hk-11 d

¡

Page 15 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 15

ð»ko h014Lkku rð»kÞ :

2014 _p¡ rhje :: "duqX$ep qäX$d ap ̧f A b¡V$f ae|Qf: i¡t`N ^ `p¡õV$-2015 X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ A¡S>ÞX$p'

rhð õsf¡ â¡k_u AppTpv$u_¡ kçdp_ A`®hp 3 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> rhð

â¡k õhs„Ósp qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. S>¡_p¡ rhje: duqX$ep qäX$d ap ̧f

A b¡V$f ae|Qf: i¡t`N ^ `p¡õV$-2015 X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ A¡S>ÞX$p fpMhpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡.

"

'

«uMkLke ykÍkËeLkk {níð «íÞu òøk]r¥k Vu÷kððkLkk Ãkrðok WÆuþ MkkÚku rðï «uMk Mðíktokíkk

rËðMk 3 {uLkk hkus Wsððk{kt ykðu Au. 3 {uLkku rËðMk MktÞwfík hk»xÙ {nkMk1⁄4k îkhk

E.Mk.1993{kt 1⁄2kur»kík fhðk{kt ykÔÞku níkku.

«íÞuf ð»ko yk rËðMku «uMkLke ykÍkËeLkk çkwrLkÞkËe rMkæÄktíkkuLku ÞkË fheLku rðï «uMk

Mðíktokíkk rËðMkLkk yðMkhu Ëhuf Ãkokfkhku ÃkkuíkkLkwt fkÞo rLkzh çkLkeLku fhðkLkk þÃkÚk ÷u Au. yk

ríkrÚkLku WsððkLkku WÆuþ «uMkLke Mðíktokíkk yLku Mk{k[khku ÷kufku MkwÄe ÃknkU[kzeLku Mkþfík ÚkE

hnu÷k {erzÞk f{o[kheykuLkku ÔÞkÃkf rðfkMk fhðkLkku Au. WÕ÷u3⁄4LkeÞ Au fu ykr£fLk

Mk{k[kh ÃkokkuLkk Ãkokfkhku îkhk 3 {u 1991Lkk hkus hsq fhkÞu÷k rðtz nkuf 1⁄2ku»kýkÃkokLke ríkrÚk

Ãký íku rËðMku ykðu Au. 1⁄4khíkeÞ MktrðÄkLkLkk yr1⁄4ÔÞrõíkLke ykÍkËe yLkwåAuË 19 {wsçk

{kir÷f {kLkð yrÄfkh Au.

yksu ykÃkýu yuf yrík ÔÞMík yLku ÍzÃke ËwrLkÞk{kt Sðe hÌkk Aeyu. íÞkhu ykÃkýe

ykswçkkswLkk rðï{kt ÚkE hnu÷e 1⁄2xLkkykuLke òýfkhe {u¤ððkLkku Mk{Þ nkuíkku LkÚke. yk fk{

«uMk fhu Au. su Ëhhkus Mkðkhu rLkÞr{ík ykÃkýu [k Ãkeíkk Ãkeíkk ðíko{kLkÃkokku ðkt[eLku Ëuþ yLku

ËwrLkÞkLke rðrðÄ {krníkeyku {u¤ðe þfeyu Aeyu. yuðwt fnuðkÞ Au fu «uMk yu Mk{ksLkwt ËÃkoý

Au. su Mk{ks{kt [k÷e hnu÷e Ëhuf Mkkhe LkhMke çkkçkíkkuLku Mk{ks Mkk{u s «Míkwík fhu Au.

«uMkLke ykÍkËe ÃkhÚke s fkuEÃký Ëuþ{kt yr1⁄4ÔÞrfíkLke ykÍkËeLke 3⁄4çkh Ãkzu Au. yksu

«uMkLke 1⁄4wr{fk Mkk{u yktøk¤e r[tÄkE hne Au. MkhfkhkuLkwt Ëçkký yLku ðÄw þrfíkþk¤e yLku

ÄrLkf çkLkðkLke ykfktûkkykuLku fkhýu ÃkkuíkkLkk rMkæÄktíkku MkkÚku Mk{swíke fhíkk Ëu3⁄4kE hÌkwt Au.

«uMkLkku ÔÞðMkkÞ yksu yuf yr1⁄4ÞkLkLku çkË÷u {kok ÞuLkfuLk «fkhu ÄrLkf ÚkðkLkku

ÔÞðMkkÞ çkLke økÞku Au. yksu Mk{k[khku {u¤ððk{kt ykuAk ykðu Au.

çkLkkððk{kt ðÄkhu ykðu Au. sÞkhu ykÃkýu «uMkLku Mk{ksLkwt ËÃkoý {kLkíkk nkuEyu Aeyu

íÞkhu íku Mk{ksLku økw{hkn fhe þfðkLke íkkfkík Ãký Ähkðu Au. yLku yu {kxu íkuLkk Ãkh Mkhfkh

y{wf rLkÞ{ku çkLkkðíke nkuÞ Au. 1⁄4khík Ëuþ{kt «uMkLku ykÍkËe Au. Ãkhtíkw fxkufxe Mk{Þu íku{kt

ytfwþ ykðe þfu Au. sÞkhu ÃkkrfMíkkLk, [eLk, s{oLke yLku òÃkkLk rðøkuhu Ëuþku{kt «uMkLku MktÃkqýo

ykÍkËe LkÚke.

k„eyL$s fpô2$k„O Üpfp hj® 1993dp„ Ap qv$hk_u Op¡jZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu

lsu. k„eyL$s fpô2$k„O A_ykpf Ap qv$hk õhs„Ósp_p rkÝ^p„s, â¡k_u

õhs„Ósp_y„ d|ëep„L$_, â¡k_u õhs„Ósp `f bplfu sÐhp¡_p lydgp\u bQph

A_¡ â¡k_u k¡hp L$fsp qv$h„Ns \e¡gp k„hpv$v$pspAp¡_¡ îÝ^p„S>gu A`®hp_p¡

qv$hk R>¡.

Ap `yfõL$pf_u õ\p`_p e|_¡õL$p¡ Üpfp B.k.1997dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. rhïh â¡k

õhs„Ósp qv$hk_p Ahkf¡ Ap `yfõL$pf â¡k_u õhs„Ósp dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z® ep¡Nv$p_

Ap`_pf ìeqL$s L$¡ k„õ\p_¡ A¡_pes \pe R>¡. âÐe¡L$ hj£ A¡_pes \sp Ap `yfõL$pf_y„

_pZp `p¡jZ rNgf¡dp¡ L$p_p¡ BõTp apDÞX$¡i_ A_¡ l¡rgr__ õ_p¡ds apDÞX$¡i_ Üpfp

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

hj® 2014_p¡ Ap `yfõL$pf syL$}_p ip¡^ `ÓL$pf Alds rkL$_¡ e|_¡õL$p¡_p dlpr_v$£iL$

Bqf_p bp¡L$p¡hp_p lõs¡ `¡qfk Mps¡ A¡_pes \ep¡. `yfõL$pf A„sN®s s¡d_¡ 25,000 X$p ̧gf

`Z âv$p_ \ep lsp. B.k.1991 \u 2011 ky^udp„ syL$}_p A_¡L$ kdpQpf `Óp¡dp„

rägp„kf `ÓL$pf sfuL$¡ L$pe® L$f_pf Alds syL$} `ÓL$pf k„O_p kv$õe R>¡.

¦ hj®2013_p¡ Ap `yfõL$pf B\p¡r`epB `ÓL$pf fues Ag¡dy_¡ âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡.

¦ B.k.1997dp„ `yfõL$pf_u õ\p`_p\u gB_¡ hj® 2014 ky^udp„ A¡L$`Z cpfsue

`ÓL$pf_¡ Ap `yfõL$pf `°pá \ep¡ _\u.

e|_¡õL$p¡ rNgf¡dp¡ L$p_p¡ hëX®$ â¡k q3⁄4$X$d `yfõL$pf-2014

rðï «

u

Mk Mðík

t

okíkk rËðMk-3 {u

hëX®$ `¡°k räX$d f¢qL„$Ndp„ cpfs_y„ õ\p_ 78dy„ füy R>¡. S>¡_¡ Ap„riL$ ê$`¡ ApTpv$ î¡Zudp„

fpMhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. cpfsdp„ â¡k_u ApTpv$u_y„ õsf OV$u Ney R>¡. hj® 2013_p dyL$pbg¡

40 `p¡BÞV$dp„\u OV$u_¡ 39 `p¡BÞV$ `f Aphu Ney R>¡. S>¡_y L$pfZ cpfsdp„ kpdpÞe

Qy„V$Zu `l¡gp duqX$ep k„õ\p_p¡_p dprgL$p¡ Üpfp h^sp lõsn¡`_¡ v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

A¡L$ kpdpÞe cpfsue _pNqfL$ sfuL$¡ Ap`Z¡ õh d|ëep„L$_ L$fuA¡ sp¡ `Z ¿epg

Aphu Åe R>¡ L$¡, gp¡L$kcp_u Qy„V$Zu kde¡ Ad|L$ râÞV$ A_¡ Bg¡L$V2$uL$ duqX$ep Üpfp L$B

fus¡ sV$õ\sp Nydphu_¡ âQpf \ep¡ lsp¡.

hp¡tiNV$_ Mps¡_p "qäX$d lpDk' Üpfp B.k. 1980\u âÐe¡L$ hj£ duqX$ep_u

ApTpv$u `f "qäX$d Ap ̧a `¡°k' _pd¡ qf`p¡V®$ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp v$¡ip¡_¡ Tufp¡

(kp¥\u kpfp)\u gB_¡ 100 (kp¥\u Mfpb) `p¡BÞV$_p dp`v„$X$\u dp`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

A_¡ bpv$dp„ s¡_¡ (1) ApTpv$ (2) Ap„riL$ ApTpv$ (3) rbgLy$g ApTpv$ _lu A¡hu

î¡ZuAp¡dp„ hl¢Qhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

hj® 2014_u Ap qf`p¡V®$ 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp 197 S>¡V$gp

v$¡ip¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fu_¡ 63 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_¡ ApTpv$, 68 v$¡ip¡_¡ Ap„riL$ ApTpv$ A_¡ 66

v$¡ip¡_¡ rbgLy$g ApTpv$ _ lp¡e s¡hu î¡ZuAp¡dp„ fpMhpdp„ Apìep. hj® 2014_u Ap

qf`p¡V®$dp„ ApTpv$u_u f¢qL„$Ndp„ _¡^fg¡ÞX$, _p¡h£ A_¡ õhuX$_ V$p¡Q `f R>¡. Äepf¡ DÑf

L$p¡qfep kp¥\u R>¡ëgp õ\p_¡ R>¡. Qu__¡ `Z rbgLy$g ApTpv$u _lu_u î¡Zudp„ õ\p_ dýey

R¡. kp¥\u Mfpb f¢qL„$Ndp„ b¡gpê$k, L$e|bp, BL$hpV$p¡qfeg, rN_u, A¡qfqV2$ep, Bfp_, DÑf

L$p¡qfep, syL®$d¡r_õsp_ A_¡ DTb¡qL$õsp_ fü lsp.

hëX®$ â¡k räX$d f¢qL„$N-cpfs 78dp„ õ\p_

¡

cpfs_y„ õ\p_

ip„rs kp\¡ lmudmu_¡ fl¡hp_p¡ k„v$¡i Ap`sp kp„õL©$rsL$ rhrh^sp qv$hk_u

DS>hZu A„sN®s kp„õL©$rsL$ k„hpv, rhrh^sp A_¡ kdfksp_p dlÐh âÐe¡

ÅN©rs a¡gphhp_p Ddv$p l¡sy\u `°Ðe¡L$ hj®¡ f1 d¡ _p qv$hk¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

B.k.f001dp„ f1 d¡_p qv$hk_¡ k„hpv$ A_¡ rhL$pk dpV$¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ rhrh^sp_p

rhð qv$hk õhê$`¡ DS>hhp_u e|_¡õL$p¡ Üpfp p¡jZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. s¡dS>

hj® f00fdp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpA¡ `p¡sp_p k„L$ë` `7/f49dp„ s¡_¡ dpÞesp

`°v$p_ L$fu lsu. f1 d¡ f014 fp¡S> Ap qv$hk_u DÐkpl`yh®L$ DS>hZu L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,Ap qv$hk_p¡ rhje (hj® f013 dpV$¡) "rhrh^sp

A_¡ kdfksp dpV$¡ L$p¡B A¡L$ L$pd L$fp¡' fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

O

k„hpv$ A_¡ rhL$pk dpV$¡

kp„õL©$rsL$ rhrh^sp_p¡ rhð

qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡ -

rhð â

¡k õhs

„

Ósp k

„

b

„r^s - ArcìeqL$s_u ApTpv$u A_yÃR>¡v$ 19 A_ykpf dp¥rgL$ dp_h Ar^L$pf R>¡.

- â¡k_u õhs„Ósp A_¡ kdpQpfp¡ gp¡L$p¡ ky^u `lp¢QpX$u_¡ kiL$s \B fl¡gp

duqX$ep L$d®QpfuAp¡_p¡ ìep`L$ rhL$pk L$fhp¡

- Ap qv$hk_p Ahkf¡ v$f¡L$ `ÓL$pf `p¡sp_y„ L$pe® r_c®e fus¡ L$fhp_p i`\ g¡ R>¡.

- 3 d¡ 1991_p ApräL$u kdpQpf`Óp¡_p `ÓL$pfp¡ Üpfp Åfu L$fpe¡g thX$lp¡L$

Op¡jZp`Ó _u hj®Np„W$ 3 d¡ _p fp¡S> lp¡e R>¡.

"

'

rhð â

¡k ap

¡V$p

¡

ârsep

¡qNsp-2014

kp¥\u âqs[›$$s rhð `¡°k ap¡V$p¡ ârsep¡rNsp_u

iê$Aps B.k. 1955dp„ _¡^fg¡ÞX$ Mps¡ \B lsu. Ap

õ`^p®dp„ 132 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_p 5,754 S>¡V$gp

ap¡V$p¡N°pafp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p 100,000 S>¡V$¡gp ap¡V$p¡N°pak

kbduV$ L$ep® lsp. S>¡dp Ad¡qfL$p_p Älp¡_ õV$¡_d¡ef

rhS>¡sp bÞep lsp. s¡d_u ApräL$_ dpBN¡°V$k_u

dp¡bpBg_u rkÁ_g ip¡^su sõhuf `k„v$ \B lsu.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, `pR>gp hj® 2013dp„ L$p¡f¡Ng OpV$u(AaOpr_õsp_)dp„

Ad¡qfL$u k¥r_L$_u sõhuf M¢Q_pf rb°V$__p ap¡V$p¡N°paf rV$d rav$qf„NV$_ rhS>¡sp

\ep lsp. Äepf¡ hj® 2012dp„ CTfpegu rdkpBg lydgpdp„ r_^_ `pd_pf b¡

`¡g¡õV$pB_u bpmL$p¡_u A„rsd k„õL$pf_u M¢Q¡gu sõhuf kp\¡ õhuqX$i ap¡V$p¡N°paf

`p¡g l_k_ rhS>¡sp b_u QyL$ep R>¡.

f1 d

¡

Page 16 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 16

cpfs_p `|h® gp¡L$râe hX$p`°^p_ fpÆh Np„^u_u Q|„V$Zu `°Qpf v$frdep_

îu `¡fçb|vy$f (srdg_pXy$) Mps¡ dp_h bp¡çb Üpfp lÐep L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

S>¡ V$_p f1 d¡ 1991_p fp¡S> b_u lsu. fpÆh Np„^u_p brgv$p_ qv$hk_¡

Aps„L$hpv$ rhfp¡^u qv$hk sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ópkhpv$ rhfp¡^u qv$hk DS>hZu `pR>m_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡_u

`uX$p_¡ DÅNf L$fu_¡ fpô2$rlsdp„ Aps„L$hpv$_p vy$óâcph S>Zphu_¡ Ap fõs¡

S>B fl¡gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ Aps„L$hpv$ A_¡ tlkp_p `„\¡\u vy$f L$fhp_p¡ R>¡ A_¡ A¡ l¡sy_¡

rkÂ^ L$fhp dpV$¡ Aps„L$hpv$_p MsfpAp¡ `f QQp®, hpv$-rhhpv$, k„d¡g_,

ìep¿ep_, k¡du_pf rhN¡f¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ õL|$g,L$p ̧g¡Å¡ A_¡ e|r_hrk®V$uAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡

ÅN©s L$fhp Apep¡S>_bÂ^ kss Arcep_ Qgphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. f1 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> DS>hpe¡gp Ópkhpv$

qhfp¡^u qv$hk_p Ahkf¡ kfL$pfu Ap¡rakp¡, Ål¡fn¡Ó_p D`3⁄4$dp¡ s\p AÞe Ål¡f k„õ\pAp¡_p

L$d®QpfuAp¡A¡ L$p¡B`Z âL$pf_p Aps„L$hpv$ A_¡ tlkp_p¡ rhfp¡^ L$fhp_p i`\ gu^p lsp.

cpfs v$¡idp„ v$f¡L$ hN®dp„ Aps„L$hpv$ A_¡ tlkp_p Msfp s\p gp¡L$p¡, kdpS> A_¡ kdN°ê$`¡ v$¡i `f

s¡_u Akf rhj¡ ÅN©rs `¡v$p L$fhp dpV$¡ ârshj® v$¡icfdp„ f1 d¡ _p qv$hk¡ Aps„L$hpv$ rhfp¡^u qv$hk

DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡_p¡ l¡sy gp¡L$p¡_¡ Aps„L$hpv$ A_¡ tlkp\u v|$f fl¡hp â¡qfs L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

O

Ap„sffpô2$ue L$pQbp qv$hk -23 d

¡

L$pQbp qv$hk_u DS>hZu

L$pQbp rhjeL$

Ad¡qfL$_ V$ ̧pV$1®hpeT f¡õL$e| -A¡.V$u.Apf.

Ópkhpv$ rhfp¡^u qv$hk : f1 d¡

.P;P !)(*DF\ lJ`J VFZMuI ;\:YFGF ;N:I N[XM äFZF lJ`J TDFS]

lGQF[W lNJ;GL :YF5GF SZJFDF VFJL CTLP TDFS]GF ;[JGG[ SFZ6[

pt5gG YTF BTZFVMYL ,MSMG[ HFU'T SZJF DF8[ ÝtI[S JQF[" #! D[ GF

lNJ;G[ lJ`J TDFS] lGQF[W lNJ; TZLS[ pHJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

lJ`J TDFS] lGQF[W lNJ;

Aõ\dp fp¡N\u `uqX$s v$v$}Ap¡_¡ v$f¡L$ dp¥kddp„ h^y kyfnp_u AphíeL$sp

lp¡e R>¡. v$v$}Ap¡A¡ ApÆh_ L$¡V$guL$ L$pmÆAp¡ fpMhu `X$su lp¡e R>¡. Ap

fp¡Ndp„ Aplpf_u `f¡Æ S>ê$fu _\u. `f„sy L$p¡B Mpk Aplpf_u A¡gÆ® lp¡e sp¡

s¡_p\u `fl¡S> L$fhp¡ S>ê$fu lp¡e R>¡.

B.k.1998dp„ bpqk®gp¡_p, õ`¡_ krls 3` S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡A¡ rhð Aõ\dp

qv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fu lsu. Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu `°Ðe¡L$ hj® d¡ dpk_p

â\d d„Nmhpf¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_ hj®dp„ s¡_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. S>¡_p¡ rhje "Aõ\dp_¡ r_e„Óus fpMhp¡ k„ch R>¡.'

(rhje : Aõ\dp_¡ r_e„ÓZdp„ fpMhp¡ k„ch R>¡.)

_pNpg¡ÞX$ fpÄe_y„ A_¡ L$p¡rldp _ÆL$ Aph¡gy N¡fua¡dp Npd 31 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> rhð sdpL|$

r_j¡^ qv$hk_u DS>hZu âk„N¡ cpfs v$¡i_y„ â\d sdpL|$ dy1⁄4s Npd sfuL$¡_y„ rbê$v$ `pçey lsy.

fpÄe_p dy¿e krQh Apf. b¡rQgp¡ \p¢N¡ N°pdkcpdp„ s¡_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu A_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡,

rhg¡S> L$pDqÞkg, rhg¡T rhT_ k¡g A_¡ rhg¡T õV|$X$ÞV$k e|r_e__p âepkp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Npd sdpL|$

dy1⁄4s bÞey R>¡.

Npd_p v$pê$ A_¡ sdpL|$_p ìek_uAp¡_¡ ip„rs_p¡ c„N L$fhp bv$g Apr\®L$ v„$$X$ L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e

`Z L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

31 d¡ 2014 _p fp¡S> rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp vy$r_ep_p v$¡ip¡_¡ sdpL|$ DÐ`pv$_p¡ `f L$f h^pfhp_u

Ar`g L$fu_¡ _hp sdpL|$ ìek_uAp¡_¡ AV$L$phhp rhð sdpL|$ r_j¡^ qv$hk_u DS>hZu kp\®L$ L$fhp S>Zphpey

lsy. rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__p dp_hp dyS>b sdpL|$ DÐ`pv$_p¡ `f 50 % L$f h^pfp¡ L$fhp\u sdpL|$ k¡h_

L$f_pfpAp¡_u k„¿ep OV$u_¡ 49 rdrge_ S>¡V$gu \B S>i¡ A_¡ Ap fus¡ 11 rdrge_ gp¡L$p¡_y„ Æh_ bQphu

iL$pi¡. qhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__p Ap„L$X$p dyS>b âÐe¡L$ hj£ sdpL|$ k¡h__¡ L$pfZ¡ 6 rdrge_ S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡

d©Ðey `pd¡ R>¡.

v$¡i_y„ â\d sdpL|$ r_j¡^ Npd

Ap„sffpô2$ue c|M qv$hk

vy$r_epcfdp„ ârshj® c|M A_¡ Nfubu_u kdõep_p õ\peu kdp^p_ dpV$¡_p

Dv«¡i\u f8 d¡ _p fp¡S> Ap„sffpô2$ue c|M qv$hk d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap qv$hk rhL$rks

A_¡ rhL$pkiug v$¡i_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ ApÐd r_c®fsp_u qv$ipA¡ Qpgsp c|M A_¡ Nfubu

kpd¡ TTydsp gp¡L$p¡ `°Ðe¡ A¡L$ kyÓsp A_¡ kd\®_ âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ â¡qfs L$f¡ R>¡. cpfs

v$¡idp„ `Z Apr\®L$ kiqL$sL$fZ dS>bys fus¡ \ey lp¡hp R>sp„ `Z Ap kdõep_¡ DL$¡gu

iL$ey _\u. Ágp¡bg l„Nf BÞX$¡L$k_u qf`p¡V®$-f01f A_ykpf cpfs s¡_u kyrQdp„ 65dy„

õ\p_ ^fph¡ R>¡. cpfs kfL$pf `Z c|M A_¡ Ly$`p¡jZ kpd¡ gX$hp A_¡L$ ep¡S>_pAp¡

Qgphu flu R>¡. A_¡ v$¡i_u 67 % hksu_¡ Akf L$fsy MpÛ kyfnp rbg `Z gphu R>¡.

vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u S|>_u Æqhs âÅrsAp¡ (Apif¡ 200 rdrge_ hj®) `¥L$u_u A¡L$

d_psu L$pQbp_u âÅrs õs_^pfuAp¡, rQqX$ep, kp` A_¡ Nfp¡mu L$fsp `Z `l¡gp

^fsu `f ApNd_ `pdu lsu. Æh h¥opr_L$p¡_p S>Zphhp dyS>b L$pQbp ApV$gp gp„bp

kde ky^u `p¡sp_y„ A[õsÐh A¡V$gp dpV$¡ bQphu iL$ep R>¡ L$¡, s¡d_y„ L$hQ s¡d_¡ kyfnp

âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. dpÓ A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$p_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ v$f¡L$ S>ÁepA¡ s¡ dmu Aph¡ R>¡. bp¡N L$pQbp S>¡

g„bpBdp„ dpÓ Qpf HQ S>¡V$gu g„bpB ^fph¡ R>¡ s¡, kp¥\u _p_p L$pQbpAp¡ R>¡, Äepf¡ g¡v$fu

L$pQbp kp¥\u dp¡V$p L$pQbpAp¡ R>¡. S>¡ 1500 `pJX$ S>¡V$gy hS>_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

rh_pi_p Apf¡ fl¡gu L$pQbp_u L$¡V$guL$

âÅrs A_¡ s¡_p h¥opr_L$ _pd

- lp ̧1⁄4krbg L$pQbp -BV$dp¡L$¡gurkdb°uL$pV$p

- g¡^fb¥L$ L$pQbp -X$dp£L$¡guõL$p¡qfA¡kp

L$dÅ¡f L$pQbp_u L$¡V$guL$ âÅrs A_¡ s¡_p h¥opr_L$ _pd

-Ap ̧rgh qfX$g¡ L$pQbp -gu`uX$p¡L$¡rgkp¡rgh¡L$p

-ÅeÞV$ L$pQbp

gyàsâpe \e¡gp L$pQbp_u L$¡V$guL$ âÅrs A_¡ s¡_p h¥opr_L$ _pd

-N°u_ L$pQbp -L$¡gp¡r_d¡X$k

-gp ̧Áefl¡X$ L$pQbp -L$pf¡Ë$pL$pf¡Ë$p

B.k. 1990dp„ Ad¡qfL$u L$pQbp bQph(Ad¡qfL$_ V$ ̧pV$1®hpeT f¡õL$e| -A¡.V$u.Apf.)

_pd_p rb_ gpcL$pfu k„NW$_ Üpfp rhð L$pQbp qv$hk DS>hhp_u iê$Aps \B lsu,

Ðepf\u âÐe¡L$ hj£ Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_ hj£ `Z s¡_u

DS>hZu gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$pQbpAp¡_u sfa ApL$rj®s L$fhp A_¡ s¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡_p dp_hue

âepkp¡_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_p¡ Ap`hp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ad¡qfL$_ V$ ̧pV$1®hpeT f¡õL$e| -A¡.V$u.Apf._u õ\p`_p B.k. 1990dp„

L$pQbp_u âÅrs_¡ bQphhp A_¡ s¡_y„ fnZ L$fhp_p s\p rhðcfdp„ dp¡Sy>v$ L$pQbpAp¡

A_¡ s¡_p Msd \B fl¡gp r_hpk_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ gp¡L$p¡_u dv$v$ L$fhp_p l¡sykf \B

lsu. Ap k„NW$_ Üpfp eyhpAp¡ A_¡ heõL$p¡_¡ L$pQbpAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡ L$¡V$gpL$ kyQ_p¡

Apàep lsp S>¡hp L$¡, (1) `pgs| Å_hfp¡_¡ h¡Qsp vy$L$p_v$pfp¡ `pk¡\u L$pQbp _ Mfuv$hp

L$pfZ L$¡, s¡_p\u s¡_u dp„N h^u Åe R>¡ (2) Äep„ ky^u L$pQbp Opeg L$¡ rbdpf _ \pe

Ðep„ ky^u s¡_¡ s¡_p âpL©$rsL$ r_hpk õ\m_u blpf _ gB S>hp

30 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> Np¡hp fpÄe_p¡ 27dp¡ fpÄe qv$hk DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡. Np¡hp 30 d¡

1987_p fp¡S> cpfsue k„O_y„ 25dy„ fpÄe bÞey lsy. Np¡hp cpfs_p `[òdu sV$¡ Aph¡gy A¡L$ _p_y„ fpÄe R>¡.

S¡ A¡L$ A¡hy fpÄe R>¡ L$¡, S>¡ A¡riepdp„ h¡`pf_y„ dy¿e L$¡ÞÖ füy lp¡e A_¡ r_f„sf `qfhrs®s \B füy lp¡e, S>¡

`p¡sp_u kp„õL©$rsL$ A_¡ kpdprS>L$ Apr\®L$ rhL$pk\u âcprhs L$f¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ Np¡hp_p fpÄe`pg cpfs

hf hp„Qy A_¡ dy¿ed„Óu d_p¡lf `pqfL$f R>¡.

Ap n¡Ó B.k.1510\u `p¡sy®NuS> kpd°pÄe_p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ lsy S>¡, B.k. 1947dp„ cpfs v$¡i_u

ApTpv$u bpv$ `Z s¡_p r_e„ÓZdp„ lsy. ApTpv$u bpv$ cpfs Üpfp cpf `|h®L$ Np¡hp_u dp„NZu \sp

`p¡Vy®$NuÅ¡A¡ s¡_p¡ BÞL$pf L$ep£ lsp¡. A_¡ Np¡hp A_¡ s¡_u AÞe k„`rÑ_u cpfs_u dp„N_p k„v$c®dp„ l¡N

Mps¡_u Ap„sffpô2$ue Av$pgsdp„ cpfs_u rhê$Â^ afuepv$ _p¢^phu lsu. B.k. 1960dp„ L$p¡V®$ Üpfp r_Z®e

Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ L$¡, `p¡sy®NuÅ¡_p¡ ep¡Áe `qfn¡Óp¡_p¡ Ar^L$pf R>¡. `f„sy A¡V$gp¡ S> cpfs_p¡ `Z `p¡sy®Ng Üpfp

\B fl¡gp cpfsue rhõspfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp bpbs¡ rhfp¡^ L$fhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf R>¡.

B.k. 1961_p qX$k¡çbfdp„ cpfsue k¥r_L$p¡A¡ Ap ̧`f¡i_ rhS>e iê$ L$ey® A_¡ Np¡hp_u

kudpdp„ âh¡i L$ep£, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ `p¡sy®NuS> kyfnp v$mp¡A¡ ApÐd kd`®Z L$fu qv$^y lsy. bpv$dp„ cpfsue

r_e„ÓZ A„sN®s A¡L$ S>_ds k„N°l L$fphhpdp„ Apìep¡, S>¡dp Np¡hp_¡ A¡L$ õhpeÑ L$¡ÞÖ âipqks n¡Ó

b_phhp dpV$¡ dsv$p_ \ey. B.k. 1987dp„ Np¡hp_¡ cpfs_p 25dp„ fpÄe_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âpá \ep¡ lsp¡. Np¡hpdp„

âÐe¡L$ hj£ 19 qX$k¡çbf dyqL$s qv$hk sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

" '

" '

Np¡hp qv$hk -30 d¡

L$¡hufus¡ bÞey Np¡hp cpfs_p¡ rlõkp¡ ?

25 hj® bpv$ srdg_p$Xy$dp„ h_ rhcpN_u ipMp sfa\u rhð L$pQbp qv$hk_u

`|h® k„ÝepA¡ Ap ̧rgh qfX$g¡ L$pe®3⁄4$d iê$ \ep¡ lsp¡. hk„s rhlpf _Nfdp„ A¡L$ l¡Qfu b_phu_¡

s¡_u bpSy>dp„ Ap ̧rgh qfX$g¡ L$pQbp_p k„fnZ rhj¡ ÅN©rs `¡v$p L$fhp dpV$¡ L$p¢3⁄4$uV$_p¡ A¡L$

V$ ̧pçb `Z b_phpep¡ lsp¡.

rhcpN_p S>Zphpep dyS>b Ap dp¥kddp„ Q¡Þ_B A_¡ dfp1⁄2$_d sV$ hÃQ¡ 700\u h^y

Ap ̧rgh qfX$g¡ L$pQbpAp¡ d©Ðey `pçep R>¡. L$pQbp_u HX$p v$¡hp_u dp¥kd ÅÞeyApfu\u

dpQ®dp„ kd|l Üpfp 9784 HX$pAp¡ kp\¡ 85 L$pQbpAp¡_u Ap¡mM \B lsu. S>¡ v$f¡L$_¡

A¡L$Ó L$fu_¡ l¥Qfudp„ S>dp L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡dp\u dpÓ 8834 HX$p l¥Q ( HX$p dp„\u

bÃQy blpf Aphhp_u âq3⁄4$ep) \ep lsp. `°Ðe¡L$ Op¢kgpdp„ kf¡fpi 150 HX$p lsp. s¡dp\u

bÃQpAp¡ blpf r_L$mhp dpV$¡ 45 qv$hk S>¡V$gp¡ kde gpN¡ R>¡. h_ rhcpN Üpfp bÃQpAp¡

r_L$mhp_p¡ v$f A_¡ _ug„NfpB A¡ dfu_p buQdp„ R>p¡X$hpdp„ Aph¡gp eyhp L$pQbpAp¡_p

d©Ðeyv$f_u kdunp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ap

̧rgh qfX$g

¡ k

„

fnZ L$pe®3⁄4$d

Page 17 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 17

Akd_u> bfpL$ OpV$udp„ 19 d¡ _p fp¡S> cpjp irlv$ DS>hhpdp„ Apìep¡.

Akd_p gp¡L$p¡ Üpfp Ap qv$hk s¡d_u cpjpB Ap¡mM sfuL$¡ d_phpep¡ lsp¡.

Ap qv$hk Akd_p b„Npmu blyds n¡Ó bfpL$ OpV$udp„ 19 d¡ 1961_p fp¡S>

b_¡gu A¡L$ OV$_p_u epv$dp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap OV$_pdp„ A¡L$ drlgp krls

11 eyhp rkëQf f¡gh¡ õV$¡i_ `f `p¡rgk_p Np¡mubpfdp„ d©Ðey `pçep lsp.

s¡Ap¡ OpV$udp„ b„Npmu cpju hksu `f Akrdep cpjp \p¡`hp rhê$Â^dp„

_pfpbpÆ L$fu füp lsp. Ap OV$_p `f ip¡L$ âNV$ L$fhp "kçdrgs kp„õL©$rsL$

d„Q' Üpfp rkëQf f¡gh¡ õV$¡i_, õdip_ c|rd, Np„^ubpNdp„ rhrcÞ_

L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey lsy. A_¡ irlv$p¡_¡ `yó„`pS>gu Ar`®s L$fu lsu.

blyds b„Npmu hksu ^fphsu Akd_u bfpL$ OpV$udp„ ApL$pf `pd¡gy

b„Npmu cpjp Ap„v$p¡g_ fpS>edp„ dpÓ Akrdep cpjp_¡ Ar^L$pfuL$ b_phhp_p

Akd kfL$pf_p r_Z®e_u rhê$Â^dp„ \ey lsy.

Akd_u bfpL$ OpV$udp„ cpjp

irlv$ qv$hk-19 d¡ DS>hpep¡

rhð vy$fk„Qpf A_¡ dprlsu kp¡kpeV$u rv$hk Ap„sffpô2$ue v|$fk„Qpf k„^ (ApB.V$u.ey.)

_u õ\p`_p A_¡ B.k.186`dp„ â\d V$¡guN°pa kdS>|su `f lõspnf õd©rsê$`¡ DS>hhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. Ap qv$hk_u DS>hZu_p¡ dy¿e Dv«¡i V$¡gurhT_, V$¡guap¡_ A_¡ BÞV$f_¡V$ Üpfp V$ ¡

L$_uL$g A„sf vy$zf L$fu_¡ Ap`ku k„Qpf k„`L®$ h^pfhp_p¡ `Z R>¡.rhð vy$f k„Qpf A_¡

dprlsu kp¡kpeV$u qv$hk 17 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> rhðcfdp„ DS>hhhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap

qv$hk¡ dprlsu A_¡ `°kpfZ V$¡L1$_p¡gp ̧Æ_p apev$pAp¡ âÐe¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ ÅN©rs a¡gphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s\p vy$f_p A„sfuepm

rhõspfp¡dp„ hkhpV$ ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡_¡ dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ V$¡L$_p¡gp¡Æ kygc L$fphhp_p Ddv$p Dv«¡i kp\¡ Ap qv$hk >

DS>hpep¡ lsp¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,hj® f013\u DS>hZu_u \ud "dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ V$¡L$1_p¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ DÑd \B fl¡gu kX$L$ kyfnp'

hj® 2013_p rhje_u \ud_y„ M|bS> dlÐh fl¡g„y lsy. L$pfZ L$¡, k„eyL$s fpô2$ Üpfp Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$ qf`p¡V®$dp„

S>Zpìep A_ykpf rhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡dp„ âÐe¡L$ hj£ 13 gpM S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡ kX$L$ AL$õdpsdp„ d©Ðey `pd¡ R>¡. A_¡ b¡\u `p„Q L$fp¡X$

S>¡V$gp BÅN°õs \pe R>¡. S>¡_y„ L$pfZ iê$ NpX$u `f dp¡bpBgdp„ hps L$fhu s\p X$2pBhf_y„ Âep_ M¢Qhy„ s\p kX$L$_p¡ D`ep¡N

L$f_pf gp¡L$p¡_p¡ ìehlpf `Z R>¡.

rhð vy$fk

„

Qpf A_

¡

dprlsu kp

¡kpeV$u qv$hk : 17 d

¡

Theme 2014: " Broadband for

Sustainable

Akd fpS>edp„ cpjp irlv$ qv$hk_y dlÐh Development"

bfpL$ OpV$udp„ b„Npmu cpjp Ap„v$p¡g_

hj® 2014_p¡ qhje:-" k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs, ip„rs dpV$¡ A¡L$

v$m, `qfhs®_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p,

crhóe dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p'

qv$hk rhjeL$

Ü B.k. 2003dp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkcpdp„ âõsph `kpf L$fu_¡ 29 d¡ _p qv$hk_¡ k„eyL$s

fpô2$ ip„rs k¥r_L$ Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk ê$`¡ `k„v$ L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap qv$hk irlv$ \e¡gp k„eyL$s

fpô2$ ip„rs k¥r_L$p¡_u õd©rsdp„ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ü Ap qv$hk A¡hp v$f¡L$ `yê$j A_¡ drlgpAp¡_¡ îÝ^p„S>gu A`®hp dpV$¡ d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L$¡,

S>¡Z¡ DÃQõsf_p ìehkpreL$sp, kd`®Z A_¡ kplk\u k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs Arcep_p¡_u

k¡hp L$fu R>¡.

Ü Ap qv$hk¡ Ad¡qfL$p ip„rs Ap ̧`f¡i_ k¡_p ip„qs_p dyv«pAp¡ `f Sy>v$u Sy>v$u L$pe®ipmpAp¡_y„

Apep¡S>_ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡dp õ\p_ue hksu kp\¡_p k„b„^p¡ dS>b|s L$fhp fds-Nds ârsep¡rNsp,

õL|$gp¡ A_¡ A_p\pgep¡_u dygpL$ps, L$gp A_¡ r_b„^ õ`^p®, ap¡V$p¡ âv$i®_, k„Nus A_¡

k„d¡g_p¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ \pe R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs k¥r_L$p¡_p¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk 29 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> DS>hpep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡

rhje "k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs, ip„rs dpV$¡ A¡L$ v$m, `qfhs®_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p, crhóe dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p'

lsp¡.Ap qv$hk_y„ Apep¡S>_ A¡hp ip„rs k¥r_L$p¡_¡ kçdp_ A`®hp \ey lsy L$¡, S>¡Z¡ `p¡sp_y„ Æh_

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p T„X$p A„sN®s k¡hp L$fsp L$fsp Þep¡R>phf L$fu qv$^y lp¡e. `pR>gp hj® v$fqdep_ k¡hp

L$fsp irlv$ \e¡gp k¥r_L$p¡_¡ X$¡N k¡dfkp¡ëX$ `v$L$\u dfZp¡`fp„s kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs k¥r_L$p¡_p¡ Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk 29 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> DS>hpep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡

rhje "k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs, ip„rs dpV$¡ A¡L$ v$m, `qfhs®_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p, crhóe dpV$¡ A¡L$ k¡_p'

lsp¡.

Ap qv$hk_y„ Apep¡S>_ A¡hp ip„rs k¥r_L$p¡_¡ kçdp_ A`®hp \ey lsy L$¡, S>¡Z¡ `p¡sp_y„ Æh_

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p T„X$p A„sN®s k¡hp L$fsp L$fsp Þep¡R>phf L$fu qv$^y lp¡e. `pR>gp hj® v$fqdep_ k¡hp

L$fsp irlv$ \e¡gp k¥r_L$p¡_¡ X$¡N k¡dfkp¡ëX$ `v$L$\u dfZp¡`fp„s kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

qv$hk_u DS>hZu

k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„rs k¡_p Ap„sffpô2$ue qv$hk -29 d

¡

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p dlpkrQh bp_ L$u-d|_ Üpfp k„eyL$s fpô2$_p `°rsq›$s X$¥N l¡dfõL$Å¡ë$X$

d¡X$g\u 29 d¡ 2014_p fp¡S> Ap„sffpô2$ue k„eyL$s fpô2$ ip„qs Arcep_p¡dp„ irlv$ \_pf

ApW$ S>¡V$gp cpfsue k¥r_L$p¡ g¡a. L$_®g drl`pgtkl, gp„k _peL$ _„v$ qL$ip¡f Å¡iu, lhpgv$pf

rlfpgpg, _peb kyb¡v$pf rihLy$dpf `pg, lhpgv$pf cfs kkdg, kyb¡v$pf ^d£i kp„Nhp_,

kyb¡v$pf Ly$dpf`pgtkl, rk`pB fpd¡ðftkl kçdpr_s \ep lsp.

Ap kdpfp¡ldp„ k„eyL$s fpô2$dp„ cpfs_p õ\pB ârsr_r^ Aip¡L$Ly$dpf dyMfÆA¡ rlõkp¡

gB d¡X$g [õhL$pf L$ep® lsp.

X$¥N l¡dfõL$Å¡ë$X$ d¡X$g

Ap d¡X$g_y„ _pd k„eyL$s fpô2$_p buÅ dlpkrQh_p _pd `f\u fpMhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡

âÐe¡L$ hj£ 29 d¡ _p fp¡S> hj® 2000\u âv$p_ \pe R>¡. S>¡ ip„rs Arcep_p¡dp„ k¡hp Ap`sp

`p¡sp_p¡ Æh Nydph_pf_¡ A¡_pes \pe R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$_p `°rsq›$s X$¥N l¡dfõL$Å¡ë$X$

d¡X$g\u cpfsue k¥r_L$p¡ kçdpr_s

14 \u 25 d¡ v$frdep_ äp„k Mps¡ 67dp¡ L$p_ Ap„sffpô2$ue raëd dlp¡Ðkh

ep¡ÅB Nep¡. S>¡dp syL$}_u Aduf A_¡ Nfub hÃQ¡_u MpB v$ip®hsu _|fu rbëS> S>¡gp_

r_v$£ris raëd thV$f õgu` kh®î¡›$ raëd_p¡ `pd X$u Ap¡f `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp

b_u lsu.

L$p_ kdpfp¡ldp„ cpfs_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh Arc_¡sp L$dg lk_¡ L$ey® lsy. s¡dZ¡

cpfsue `¡h¡rge__y„ Dv$1OpV$_ L$e®y lsy. dlp¡Ðkhdp„ cpfs_u A¡L$dpÓ raëd

rssgu kpd¡g lsu. S>¡dp fZhuf ip¥fuA¡ Arc_e L$ep£ R>¡.

" ' " '

" '

67dp

¡ L$p_ Ap

„

sffpô2$ue raëd dlp

¡

Ðkh

A¡qX$_bN® e|r_hrk®V$u Üpfp

X$p ̧L$V2$¡V$_u D`pr^\u X$p ̧.A¡.`u.S>¡.

Aåvy$g L$gpd kçdpr_s

cpfs_p `|h® fpô2$`rs A_¡ "rdkpBg

d¡_' sfuL$¡ ÅZusp h¥opr_L$ X$p ̧.Aåvy$g

L$gpd_¡ õL$p¡V$g¡ÞX$ (rb°V$_) qõ\s

A¡qX$_bN® e|r_hrk®V$u Üpfp 1` d¡ _p fp¡S>

"X$p ̧L$V2$¡V$'_u dp_v$ D`pq^\u kçdpr_s

L$fhpdp„ Apìep. s¡d_¡ Ap kçdp_ rhop_

A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ A_¡ hj® f0f0 ky^udp„

cpfs_¡ A¡L$ rhL$rks fpô2$ b_phhp ârs

s¡_u ârsbÂ^sp A_¡ s¡d_p DÐL©$ô$

ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g âv$p_ \ey lsy. kçdp_

e|r_hrk®V$u_p Ly$g`rs V$udp¡\u Ap¡i¡ep¡_p

lõs¡ \ey lsy.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, X$p ̧.L$gpd B.k.1981dp„ `Úc|jZ s\p 1997dp„

cpfs_p khp£ÃQ _pNqfL$ kçdp_ "cpfs fÐ_'\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp.

`yfõL$pf rhcpN_y„ A_yk„^p_

`yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp

`yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp

`pd X$u Ap¡f : thV$f õgu`

N°p„X$ r`1⁄4k : gu d¡fprhS>gu (A¡rgk fp¡hp®if r_v$£ris )

kh®î¡›$ r_v$£iL$ : b¡_¡V$ rdgf (Ad¡qfL$p-raëd- apL|$ kL$¡Qf)

Äe|fu âpBT : dçdu s\p AX$1e| Ap g¦N¡S

kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡sp : qV$dp¡\u õ`¥g (raëd-rd. V$_®f)

kh®î¡›$ Arc_¡Óu : Sy>rge_ d|f¡ (raëd-d¥àk V|$ ^ õV$pk®)

kh®î¡›$ õ3⁄4$u_ àg¡ : A„Ö¡e, Ap¡g¡N _¡Nu (raëd-rbep¡ÞX$ ^ rlëk)>

raëd " ' " '

Page 18 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 18

dpÓ 13 hj®_u he¡ õhs„Ósp Ap„v$p¡g_dp„ cpN g¡_pf

s\p bpv$dp„ cpfsue k¡_pdp kpd¡g \B_¡ dfpW$p BÞä¢V$udp„

L$áp_ b__pf A_¡ gugp lp¡V$g N©`_p k„õ\p`L$ L$¡àV$_

L©$óZ_ _pef 17 d¡ _p fp¡S> 9f hj®_u he¡ dy„bB Mps¡

r_^_ `pçep. s¡Ap¡ hj® f010dp„ `Úc|jZ `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s \ep lsp. s¡dS> k„eyL$s fpô2$ `ep®hfZ L$pe®3⁄4$d

Üpfp s¡d_¡ B.k. 1999dp„ Ap ̧_f `yfõL$pf_p Ágp¡bg

Ø NyS>fps_p Np¡^fpL$p„X$ v„$NpAp¡_p L$¡k kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp dp_h

Ar^L$pf L$pe®L$sp® dyLy$gtklp 63 hj®_u he¡ a¡akp_p L$¡Þkf_¡

L$pfZ¡ 1f d¡ _p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

Ø dyLy$gtklpA¡ hj® f00fdp„ Np¡^fpL$p„X$ k„b„r^s _pZphV$u

Apep¡N kpd¡ dlÐh`|Z® kpnuAp¡ kp\¡ Ar^hL$sp ê$`¡ sL®$-

rhsL®$ fS|> L$ep® lsp.

Ø hj® f00fdp„ S>_k„Oj® d„Q A_¡ NyS>fps V2$¡X$ eyr_e_ a¡X$f¡i__p

Ø _¡s©Ðhdp„ NyS>fpsdp„ "Þe| kp¡íergõV$ d|hd¡ÞV$' _pd_u fpS>_ursL$ `pV$}_u fQ_p L$fu lsu. S>¡_¡ Q|„V$Zu`„Q

Üpfp hj® f007dp„ fÆõV$X®$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ø hj® 1980dp„ V2$¡X$ e|r_e_ Ap„v$p¡g__y _¡s©Ðh L$ey® lsy. S>¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ A_yk„^p_, rhL$pk, ârinZ A_¡

i¥nrZL$ k„õ\p_p¡_p L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ k„NW$us L$fhpdp„ kamsp d¡mhu lsu.

Ø Bifs S>lp„, sygkufpd âÅ`rs, kp¡lfpbyv«u_ A_¡ kpqv$L$ S>dpg A¡ÞL$pDÞV$f dpdgp_u s`pkdp„ `uqX$s

`n sfa\u hL$ugps L$fu lsu.

B.k.198f \u 1987 v$frdep_ `fdpÏ DÅ®

Apep¡N_p kv$õe fl¡gp s\p hj® f000dp„ `Ú c|jZ_u

kçdpr_s \e¡gp `fdpÏ h¥opr_L$ A¡_.îur_hpk_ 84

hj®_u he¡ 18 d¡ _p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

A¡_.îur_hpk_ hj® 19`3dp„ `fdpÏ DÅ® rhcpN

kp\¡ Å¡X$pep lsp. A_¡ V2$p ̧çb¡ Mps¡ àgyV$p¡r_ed k„eÓ_p

qX$TpB_ A¡qÞS>r_ef lsp. s¡dS> L$ë`L$L$d qõ\s

qfA¡L$V$f qfkQ® k¡ÞV$f_p â\d `qfep¡S>_p r_v$£iL$ lsp.

bpv$dp„ s¡Ap¡ l¡hu hp¡V$f bp¡X®$ A_¡ `fdpÏ H^Z

L$p ̧çàg¡ndp„ dy¿e L$pe®L$pfu bÞep lsp.

raëd "krQ ̄N ap ̧f kyNfd¡_'_p q_v$£iL$ drgL$ b¢S>¡gpDg 13 d¡ _p fp¡S> r_^_

`pçep. õhuqX$i r_v$£iL$ b¢S>¡gpDg_u Ap raëd hj® f013dp„ kh®î¡›$ h©ÑrQÓ

dpV$¡ Ap ̧õL$f A_¡ bpaV$p `yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp \B lsu. raëd B.k.1970_p v$kL$p_p

Ad¡qfL$u NpeL$ rkL$sp¡ fp¡qX2$N¡S>_p Æh_ A_¡ L$pfqL®$v$u_y„ rhõs©s hZ®_ L$fsu lsu.

Ap„^°âv$¡i_p `|h® dy¿ed„Óu A_¡ hs®dp_ k„kv$_p

D`gp N©l fpS>ekcp_p kv$õe L$p¡„N°¡k _¡sp _¡v$ê$d‰u

S>_pv®$_ f¡Í$u_y„ l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡ 79 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ \ey.

ìehkpe¡ L©$rj h¥opr_L$ A_¡ _L$kghpv$uAp¡ kpd¡

kMs lp\¡ L$pd g¡_pf A¡_.S>_pv®$_ f¡Í$u `f hj®

f007dp„ lydgp¡ `Z \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ hj® 1990

qX$k¡çbf\u 199f Ap¡L$V$p¡bf v$frdep_ Ap„^°âv$¡i_p

dy¿ed„Óu füp lsp. s¡dS> 1fdu, 13du A_¡ 14du

Agp¡L$kcpdp„ rhipMp`Ë$_d b¡W$L$_y„ ârsq_q^Ðh L$ey® lsy.

_

¡

.

S

_> pv

_$®

f

Í

¡

u$

drgL$ b

¢S>¡

gpDg

L©$

óZ_ _pef dyLy$gtklp

500 fp¡g\u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

s¡dZ¡ B.k.1987dp„ dy„bB Mps¡ gugp lp¡V$g_u

õ\p`_p L$fu lsu. gugp `¡g¡k, lp¡V$g A_¡

qfkp¡V®$dp„ _hu qv$ëlu, d„ybB, b¡„Ág|ê$, NyX$Np„h,

N¥fu

õV$¡_g

¡

Ad¡qfL$u A\®ip÷u A_¡ _p¡b¡g

`yfõL$pf rhS>¡sp N¥fu õV$¡_g¡ 3 d¡ _p

fp¡S> qv$hk¡ 83 hj®_u he¡ r_^_

`pçep. s¡Ap¡ hj® 199fdp„

A\®ip÷dp„ _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s \ep lsp. s¡dS>

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a riL$pNp¡dp„

A\®ip÷ A_¡ kdpS> ip÷_p

âp ̧a¡kf `Z flu QyL$ep lsp.

Ag¡_p b ë $pQp p V

dpÓ 19 hj®_u he¡ `p¡s¡ guhf_p L$¡Þkf_u v$v$}

R>¡ s¡hu Mbf `X$hp R>sp `p¡sp_u fds iê$ fpM_pf

ey3⁄4$¡_dp„ S>Þd¡gp A_¡ rb°V$__p `|h® V$p¡Q_p f¡qL„$N

âpá drlgp V$¡r_k M¡gpX$u Ag¡_p bpëV$pQp 30

hj®_u he¡ > 4 d¡ _p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

`p¡sp_u L$pfqL®$v$udp„ Ly$g 11 V$¡r_k rMspb âpá

L$f_pf Ag¡_pA¡ hj® f013dp„ V$¡r_kdp„\u r_h©rÑ

qg^u lsu.

`fdpÏ h¥opr_L$ A¡_.îur_hpk_

cpfsue L$çe|r_õV$

`pV$}_p hqf›$ _¡sp A_¡

`|h® kp„kv$ Apf.Ddp_p\

11 d¡_p fp¡S> 93 hj®_u

he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

L$¡fmdp„ S>Þd¡gp A_¡

bpv$dp„ srdg_pXy$

õ\p_p„sqfs \B_¡ dÖpk

(Q¡ßB)Mps¡ fl¡sp lsp.

s¡d_¡ B.k. 1940_p

dÖpk jX$e„Ó L$¡k k„b„^¡

qNfaspf L$fhpdp„ Apìep

lsp. S>¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ 3 hj®

S>¡gdp„ `kpf L$ep® lsp.

rlÞv$u A_¡ A„N°¡Æ A¡d b„_¡ cpjpdp„ g¡M_ L$pe® L$fsp

kprlÐeL$pf S>Nv„$bp âkpv$ v$urns S>d®_u Mps¡ 77 hj®_u he¡ f1 d¡

_p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep. s¡d_p¡ S>Þd dÂeâv$¡idp„ \ep¡ lsp¡ `f„sy s¡Ap¡

dy„bBdp„ hkhpV$ ^fphsp lsp.

μ s¡d_u dy¿e L©$rs "dyfv$p Of', "L$V$p lyAp Apkdp_', "AL$pg'

S>¡hp D`Þepk R>¡. s¡dS> "iê$Aps' krls_p L$¡V$gpL$ L$lp_u

k„N°lp¡ A_¡L$ `Ó `qÓL$pAp¡dp„ âL$pris \ep lsp.

μ fpS>_urs k„b„^u `yõsL$ "cpfs d¢ fpô2$ue v$gpg `y„Æ`rs',

"_¡i_g A¡ÞX$ L$p¡â¡X$p¡f bySy®>ApNu', "bp¡Nk r\efu Ap ̧a

ae|X$rgS>d' s\p _pV$L$ "L$pNT> L$¡ Apv$du' A_¡ "dL$Mu' R>¡.

μ s¡dZ¡ "qv$np', "kf', "_pTpeT', "raf s¡fu L$lp_u epv$ ApB',

"Å_d' S>¡hu raëdp¡_y„ g¡M_ `Z L$ey® lsy.

kprlÐeL$pf S>Nv

„$bp âkpv$ v$urns

$ p d p dpL®$k

hpvu

_¡

s

D p _

\

d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$ Nyê$ s\p "õV$ugd¡_'_u D`pr^\u kçdpr_s \e¡gp V$pV$p

Apef_ õV$ug L„$`_u (V$uõL$p¡)_p `|h® AÂen ê$ku dp¡v$u L$p¡gL$sp Mps¡ 16 d¡ _p

fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

- s¡d_p¡ S>Þd 17 S|>_ 1918_p fp¡S> dy„bB â¡kuX$¡Þku$dp„ A¡L$ `pfku

`qfhpfdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p¡ Aæepk g„X$_ 3⁄4$pBõV$ L$p¡g¡S>dp„ \ep¡.

- B.k.1939dp„ qV$õL$p¡dp„ Å¡X$pep A_¡ B.k.1984 \u 1993 ky^u

qV$õL$p¡_p AÂen füp.

- B.k.1993dp„ kfL$pfu rhdp_ k¡hp A¡f BqÞX$ep A_¡ BqÞX$e_

A¡fgpBÞk_p k„eyL$s AÂen bÞep.

- B.k.1989dp„ cpfsue DÛp¡Ndp„ A_yL$fZue ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g `Ú

rhc|jZ\u kçdpr_s \ep lsp.

- V$pV$p Apef_ A¡ÞX$ õV$ug L„$`_u rgqdV$¡X$_y„ _pd lh¡ V$pV$p õV$ug L$fu v$¡hpdp„

Apìey R>¡.

ê$ku dp¡v$u

vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u ap¡d|®gp h_ f¡k ârsep¡rNsp_p

ÓZhpf_p rhð Q¡qç`e_ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep_p kf S>¥L$ b°¥cd

rkX$_u Mps¡ 88 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

Ø

Ø kf S>¥L$ b°¡cd M|v$ `p¡sp_u b_ph¡gu L$pf\u S> rhð

Q¡rç`e_ bÞep lsp.

Ø s¡Ap¡ dp¡V$f õ`p¡V®$kdp„ ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g _pBV$_u D`pr^

kf S>¥L$ b°

¡cd_y

„ r_^_

kf S>¥L$ b°¡cd

`pd_pf â\d X2$pehf lsp. s¡d_¡ B.k.1979dp„

"kf' _u D`pr^ `Z âv$p_ \B lsu.

Ø s¡dZ¡ B.k.19`9, 1960, 1966dp„ ap¡d|®gp

h_ f¡k_u rhð Q¡qç`e_ri` Æsu lsu.

Øh_ f¡k_u rhð Q¡qç`e_ri` Æsu lsu.

B.k.1963dp„ gp ̧X®$T q3⁄4$L$¡V$ d¡v$p_ `f d¡Q_p A„rsd

Ap¡hfdp„ vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u TX$`u bp¡gf h¡k lpg_p¡ kpd_p¡

L$fu_¡ d¡Q X2$p¡ L$fphu_¡ epv$Npf fds v$ip®h_pf HÁg¡ÞX$ A_¡

`¥s©L$ L$pDÞV$u Ág|õV$f ipef_p `|h® Ap ̧a qõ`_f X$¡rhg

A¡g_ f4 d¡ _p fp¡S> r_^_ `pçep.

Ad¡qfL$p_p g¡rML$p, kpdprS>L$ L$pe®L$sp®

s\p dpqV®$_ g|\f qL„$N A_¡ d¡ëL$d A¡L$k kp\¡

Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Akdp_sp A_¡ AÞepe kpd¡

gX$_pf âdyM _pNqfL$ Ar^L$pf L$pe®L$sp® dpep

A¢S>¡gp¡ f9 d¡ _p fp¡S> DÑf L$¡fp¡rg_p Mps¡ 86

hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep.

B.k.1969dp„ âL$pris `p¡sp_u L©$rs

"ApB_p¡ hpB ^ L$¡S>X$ bX®$ tkÁk' bv$g rhð

ârkÂ^ \_pf dpep A¢S>¡gp¡_u Ap L©$rs s¡d_u

kps ApÐdL$\pAp¡_u î¡Zu_u â\d L$X$u lsu.

S>¡ s¡d_p Æh__p iê$Aps_p qv$hkp¡dp„ \e¡gp

DÐ`uX$_ `f Ap^pqfs lsu. B.k.198f\u

Ad¡qfL$p_u h¡L$ ap ̧f¡õV$ e|r_hrk®V$udp„ âp ̧a¡kf

`v$¡ flu_¡ `p¡sp_u L$pfqL$v$}_p¡ ìep` V$¡rghuT_,

r\A¡V$f, bpmL$p¡_p `yõsL$p¡ A_¡ k„Nus n¡Ó

ky^u a¡gpìep¡ lsp¡.

dpep A¢S>¡gp

¡ s`_ rkL$v$pf

AV$g rblpfu bpS>`pB_u kfL$pfdp„ B.k. 1999 \u 2004 ky^u

L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óu `v$¡ fl¡_pf cpS>`_p Arhhpqls _¡sp s`_ rkL$v$pf 2 S|>_ _p

fp¡S> qv$ëlu_u lp¡[õ`V$g A¡çk Mps¡ 69 hj®_u he¡ r_^_ `pçep lsp.

16du gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu s¡Ap¡ `. b„Npm_u v$dv$d b¡W$L$ `f\u gX$ep

lsp `f„sy s¡d_u lpf \B lsu. Ap b¡W$L$ `f\u s¡Ap¡ ANpD hj® 1998

A_¡ 1999dp„ rhS>¡sp bÞep lsp.

X$¡rhX$ A¡g_

Page 19 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 19

rhrh^

X$p ̧.L©$óZpõhpdu rhS>e

fpOh_ e|.A¡k._¡i_g A¡L$¡X$¡du

Ap ̧a kpeÞkuT qhv$¡iu

klep¡Nu sfuL$¡ `k„v$ \ep

hj® f013dp„ `Úîu `yfõL$pf\u s\p hj®

1998dp„ ip„rs õhê$` cV$_pNf `yfõL$pf\u

kçdpr_s X$p ̧.L$¡.rhS>e fpOh__u Ad¡qfL$pdp„ _¡i_g

A¡L$¡X$¡du Ap ̧a kpeÞkuTdp„ A¡L$ rhv$¡iu klep¡Nu

sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ \B R>¡. s¡Ap¡ krls Ly$g f1 S>¡V$gp

klep¡Nu `k„v$ \ep R>¡. S>¡_u Op¡jZp 4 d¡ _p fp¡S> \B

R>¡.

fpô2$ue S>¥rhL$ rhop_ L$¡ÞÖ_p âp ̧a¡kf X$p ̧.fpOh_

cpfs_u õhv$¡i r_rd®s â\d lhp\u lhp `f hpf L$fu_¡ v$f¡L$ dp¥kddp„

vy$íd__p rhõspfp¡_¡ c¡v$u iL$hp knd A÷ rdkpBg_y `qfnZ gX$pL|$ rhdp_

kyMp¡B-30 Üpfp 4 d¡ _p fp¡S> cpfsue _p¥k¡_p_u `[òdu L$dp_ (dy„bB)_u

`funZ f¢S> Mps¡\u kam fus¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

NyX$Np„h f¥r`X$ d¡V2$p¡ f¡gdp„ 6 dpk dpV$¡ das hpBapB k¡hp

âv$p_ L$fhp_u Op¡jZp 14 d¡ _p fp¡S> friep_u v|$fk„Qpf L„$`_u

dp¡bpBg V$¡gurkõV$d (A¡d.V$u.A¡k.) Üpfp \B R>¡. S>¡_p¡ gpc

V2$¡__p 30,000 epqÓL$p¡_¡ ârsqv$_ dmi¡.

A¡d.V$u.A¡k. f¥r`X$ d¡V2$p¡ V2$¡_ rkhpe Qpf S>¡V$gp d¡V2$p¡ õV$¡i_

`f `Z das hpBapB k¡hp Ap`i¡. S>¡dp rkL„$v$f`yf,

BÞvy$kg¡ÞX$ b¢L$ kpBbf rkV$u, a¡S>-f A_¡ dpB3⁄4$p¡d¡L$k

dpgkpfu A¡hÞe| d¡V2$p¡ õV$¡i_ kpd¡g R>¡. s¡dS> f¥r`X$ d¡V2$p¡_p

Qpf õV$¡i_p¡ `f V$¡guap¡_ by\ õ\p`hpdp„ Aphi¡. S>ep„\u

epÓuAp¡ hpBapB Ly$`_ Mfuv$u iL$i¡.

Ap k¡hp A¡d.V$u.A¡k. 3Æ àgk _¡V$hL®$ `f 9.8

A¡d.bu.`u.A¡k._u Nrs\u gNpspf k¡hp Ap`i¡. hpBapB

L„$`_u Üpfp A¡L$ Ap„sqfL$ A_yk„^p_ L$rdi_ `Z fQhpdp„

Apìey R>¡. S>¡ f¥r`X$ d¡V2$p¡dp„ epÓp L$fhp kde¡ hpBapB k¡hpAp¡_p

D`cp¡L$spAp¡_p rls_„y Âep_ fpMi¡.

f¥r`X$ d¡V2$p¡ f¡g NyX$Np„h rgrdV$¡X$ lqfepZp_p

NyX$Np„hdp„ k„Qprgs cpfs_u â\d `|Z® Mp_Nu

fus¡ _pZp`p¡rjs d¡V2$p¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ rkL„$v$f`yfdp„ qv$ëlu

d¡V2$p¡_u `umu gpB_ rkõV$d kp\¡ Å¡X$hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

S>¡_u iê$Aps 14 _h¡çbf f013dp„ \B lsu. f¥r`X$

d¡V2$p¡_u Ly$g g„bpB `.1 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡dp„ 6

S>¡V$gp õV$¡i_ Aph¡gp R>¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$_u hëX®$ l¡ë\

Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ A_¡ e|r_k¡a Üpfp k„eyL$s

fus¡ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu A¡L$ qf`p¡V®$

"âp¡N°¡k Ap ̧_ qX2„qL„$N hp¡V$f A¡ÞX$

k¡_uV$¡i_-f014 A`X$¡V rS>_uhp Mps¡ 9

d¡ _p fp¡S> fS|> \B lsu. S>¡dp„ S>Zpìep

dyS>b vy$r_epcfdp„ M|ëgpdp„ Ly$v$fsu lpS>s¡

S>sp A¡L$ AbS> gp¡L$p¡ `¥L$u 8f % gp¡L$p¡

dpÓ 10 v$¡ip¡dp„ r_hpk ^fph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ cpfs

`Z V$p¡Q_y„ õ\p_ ^fph¡ R>¡.

"âp¡N°¡k Ap ̧_ qX2$qL„$N hp¡V$f

A¡ÞX$ k¡_uV$¡i_-f014 rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp \e¡gp A¡L$ AÂee_ bpv$ âõsys

\e¡gu "A¡qçbA¡ÞV$ A¡f `p ̧ëe|i_' _pd_u qf`p¡V®$_p hj®

f014_p k„õL$fZdp„ 91 v$¡ip¡_p Apif¡ 1600 il¡fp¡dp„ hpey

âvy$jZ_u qõ\rs_y„ rhhfZ v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡dp„ cpfs_u

fpS>^p_u qv$ëlu_¡ vy$r_ep_y kp¥\u h^y âvy$rjs il¡f S>Zphpey R>¡.

S>ep„ hpey âvy$jZ_y„ õhê$` f.` dpB3⁄4$p¡Þk\u Ap¡Ry> `u.A¡d. f.`

kO_sp A„sN®s Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡ kp¥\u N„cuf dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ dp¡V$pcpN_p

il¡fp¡dp„ hpey âvy$jZ_u qõ\rs `l¡gp_p hjp£_p dyL$pbg¡ h^y

bNX$u R>¡. L$p¡gkp\u k„Qprgs rhS>mu e„Ó, Mp_Nu hpl_p¡ `f_u r_c®fsp, dp¡V$p ch_p¡dp„

DÅ®_p¡ dp¡V$u dpÓpdp„ h`fpi R>¡.

qv$ëlu âv|$rjs il¡f : rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_

k„eyL$s fpô2$ Ap„sffpô2$ue v|$f k„Qpf (ApB.V$u.e|.)

Üpfp ` d¡ _p fp¡S> dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ

(ApB.ku.V$u.) \u k„b„r^s Ap„L$X$pAp¡ fS|> L$fhpdp„ Apìep

lsp. S>¡ A_ykpf hj® f014_p A„s ky^udp„ rhð

BÞV$f_¡V$_p hsfpiL$sp® 3 rbrge_ S>¡V$gp \B S>i¡.

S>¡dp„\u b¡ s©suep„i qhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡dp„ li¡. ÓZ rbrge_

hksu hpõsrhL$ fus¡ Å¡BA¡ sp¡ rhð_u Ly$g hksu_p 40 %

S>¡V$gu \pe R>¡. Ap rkhpe Ap„L$X$pAp¡dp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ BÞV$f_¡V$

D`ep¡N L$sp®Ap¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep_p 3f % gp¡L$p¡ A¡hp li¡, S>¡

dp¡bpBgdp„\u b°p¡X$b¡ÞX$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fsp li¡. s¡dS> h^ydp„ S>Zphhp dyS>b hj® f014_p

A„s ky^udp„ dp¡bpBg D`ep¡NL$sp®Ap¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep gNcN kps rbrge_ S>¡V$gu \B S>i¡.

hj® f014_p A„s ky^udp„ rhðdp„ BÞV$f_¡V$_p

3 rbrge_ h`fpiL$sp® li¡ : k„eyL$s fpô2$ qf`p¡V®$

h¥[ðL$ dpqlsu A_¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ DÛp¡Ndp„

ApB.V$u.e|._p Ap„L$X$p kp¥\u h^y rhðk_ue dp_hpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. Ap Ap„L$X$pAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N Sy>v$u Sy>v$u A„sf kfL$pfu

k„õ\pAp¡ _pZp„ k„õ\pAp¡ s\p Mp_Nu n¡Ó_p rhïg¡jL$p¡

Üpfp D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ApB.V$u.e|._p v|$f k„Qpf

rhL$pk åe|fp¡_p r_v$£iL$ b°prldp„ kp¡_pD R>¡.

pB A .V$u.e|.

I.T.U.

`„Åb fpS>e_p fpS>õh d„Óu A_¡ AL$pguv$m

`n_p _¡sp rh3⁄4$dtkl dÆW$uep_¡ rkM ^d®_u khp£ÃQ

k„õ\p AL$pg s¿s¡ 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> ^pqd®L$ kÅ

"s_¿hpl' afdphu lsu. kÅ v$fqdep_ rh3⁄4$dtkl¡

rkMp¡_p `p„Q s¿sp¡dp„ g„Nf v$frdep_ `p¡sp_p lp\¡

k¡hp L$fhu `X$i¡.

rh3⁄4$dtkl dÆqW$epA¡ A¡L$ Qy„V$Zu kcp v$frdep_

rkMp¡_p v$kdp„ Nyê$ Nyê$ Np¡thv$tkl_u `rhÓ hpZu_¡

rhL©$s L$fu lsu. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ak„¿e rkM k„NW$_p¡A¡ s¡_p rhfp¡^dp„ `p¡sp_p¡ Ap3⁄4$p¡i ìeL$s

L$ep£ lsp¡ A_¡ rh3⁄4$dtkl_¡ kÅ L$fhp_u dp„N L$fu lsu. S>¡\u `V$_p kpqlb¡ rh3⁄4$dtkl_¡ `„\dp„\u

lp„L$u L$pY$hp_p¡ Apv$¡i L$ep£ lsp¡ A_¡ _p„v$¡X$ (dlpfpô2$) qõ\s s¿s îu lyS|>f kprlb sfa\u s¡_¡

s_M¥ep (^d®_y A`dp_ L$f_pf v$p¡rjs) Op¡rjs L$fpep lsp.

rh3⁄4$dtkl_¡ S>Ð\¡v$pf op_u Nyê$bQ_tkl Üpfp îu AL$pguv$m s¿skprlb_u X$1ep¡Y$u\u

Dcp flu_¡ ^prd®L$ kÅ_y„ A¡gp_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. A¡ v$frdep_ rh3⁄4$dtkl lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ Dcp

füp lsp. d„Óu rh3⁄4$dtkl îu AL$pg s¿s kprlb, s¿sîu lqfd„qv$f `V$_p kprlb, s¿s îu

L$¡kNY$ kprlb, s¿s îu kQM„X$ lySy>f ArhQg _Nf kprlb, s¿sîu v$dv$dp kprlb Mps¡ k¡hp

L$fhu `X$i¡ A_¡ bpv$dp„ AL$pg s¿s kprlbdp„ îu AM„X$ `pW$ kprlb iê$ L$fphhp `X$i¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ s\p k¢V$f ap ̧f kp¡ig qfQk® Üpfp "fpS>_ursdp„ drlgpAp¡_u rhê$Â^ tlkp' rij®L$ ^fphsu

A¡L$ AÂee_ qf`p¡V®$ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu. qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf v$rnZ A¡riepdp„ fpS>_ursdp„ drlgpAp¡_u

rhê$Â^ tlkp, L$p_|_p¡_„y A`ep®á L$pep®Þhe_ kp\¡ `p¡rgk A_¡ Þepe`prgL$p_p kd\®__p Acph_p L$pfZ¡

dp¡V$p `pe¡ R>¡.

Ap AÂee_ cpfs, `pqL$õsp_ A_¡ _¡`pmdp„ L$fhpdp„ Apìey. S>¡dp„ hj® f003 \u f013 hÃQ¡ \e¡gu

rl„kp_u OV$_pAp¡_„y rhïg¡jZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. AÂee_ drlgpAp¡_u fpS>_ursL$ cpNuv$pfu_¡ fp¡L$_pf

L$pfZp¡_u âL©$rs, rhõspf A_¡ s¡_p L$pfZp¡ ÅZhp dpV$¡ \ey lsy. s¡dp kpd¡g \e¡gp S>hpbv$pspAp¡dp„

Qy„V$Zu`„Q_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡, `p¡rgk, il¡f s\p N°pçe rhõspfp¡dp„\u Qy„V$Zudp„ cpN g¡_pf Dd¡v$hpfp¡ s\p

s¡_p `qfhpfp¡_p¡ kpnpÐL$pf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

fpS>_ursdp„ dqlgpAp¡_u rhê$Â^dp„ tlkp- k„eyL$s fpô2$_u AÂee_ qf`p¡V®$

rkM ^d®_u khp£ÃQ k„õ\p AL$pg s¿s

Üpfp fpS>e_p d„Óu_¡ ^prd®L$ kÅ afdphpB

qX$f¡L$V$p¡f¡V$ S>_fg Ap ̧a rkrhg A¡huA¡i_ Üpfp rhdp_p¡ dpV$¡ qfeg V$pBd V2$¡qL„$N dpV$¡ "A¡f k¡aV$u kfLy®$gf' 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> Åfu

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy L$p¡B rhdp__p vy$O®V$_pN°õs \hp L$¡ gp`Ñp \ep bpv$ s¡d_u ip¡^ L$¡ bQph Aqcep_ v$frdep_ \su

`f¡ip_uAp¡\u fpls d¡mhhp_p¡ R>¡.D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, 8 dpQ® f014_p fp¡S> dg¡riepB rhdp_ (DX$p_ k„¿ep A¡d.A¡Q.-370)_p

Npeb \ep bpv$ Åfu \e¡gu A¡L$ âpf„rcL$ qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zphpey lsy L$¡, s¡ rhdp_dp„ qfeg V$pBd V2$¡qL„$N_u kyrh^p _ lsu S>¡\u s¡_u ip¡^

\B iL$u _\u.

rkM ^d®_u khp£ÃQ k„õ\p s\p rkM kdyv$pe_u ^prd®L$ kÑp_y„ L$¡ÞÖ AL$pg s¿s

Ad©skf Mps¡ kyhZ® d„qv$f_u kpd¡ qõ\s R>¡. s¡ qifp¡dZu AL$pguv$m_y dy¿epge `Z

R>¡. Al]\u Ål¡f \sp¡ v$f¡L$ r_v$£i rkMp¡ dpV$¡ A_yL$fZue lp¡e R>¡.

AL$pg s¿s `„Åb cpjp_p¡ iåv$ R>¡, S>¡_p¡ A\® \pe R>¡ L$pgsus_y„ tklpk_.

AL$pg s¿s :

d¥k|f_p 18du kv$u_p rh¿eps ipkL$ V$u`| kyësp__u A¡L$ kp¡_p_u A„NW|$u_u lffpÆ

V$uL$pL$pfp¡_u Apgp¡Q_p hÃQ¡ `p¡sp_u A_ydpr_s qL$ds L$fsp 10 NZu h^y qL$ds

145,000 `pDÞX$ (14,287,665 ê$r`ep)dp„ rb°V$_ Mps¡ \B lsu. S>¡_y„ hS>_ 41.2

N°pd lsy. Ap A„N|W$u `f v$¡h_pNfu rgr`dp„ cNhp_ fpd_y„ _pd g¿ey lsy.

B.k. 1799dp„ îuf„N`Ë$ddp„ rb°qV$ip¡ kpd¡ gX$pBdp„ V$u`| kyësp__p d©Ðey bpv$ s¡_u

gpi `f\u Ap A„N|W$u L$p$Yu g¡hpdp„ Aphu lsu.

fpd_pd ^fphsu V$u`| kyësp__u A

„

N|W$u_u lffpÆ

dlpfpô2$_p õL|$g `yõsL$p¡dp„

krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_p _pd_p¡

AÂepe Å¡X$hpdp„ Apìep¡

dlpfpô2$ fpS>e kfL$pf Üpfp õL|$g `pW$e3⁄4$ddp„ q3⁄4$L$¡V$_p qv$ÁNS>

krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_p _pd `f A¡L$ AÂepe Å¡X$hp_p¡ r_Z®e L$fhpdp„

Apìep¡ R>¡. krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_p _pd_p¡ AÂepe Å¡X$u_¡ bpmL$p¡_¡ `°¡qfs

L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. kqQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_p _pd_p¡ AÝepe dfpW$u A_¡ A„N°¡Æ_p

rhje_p `pW$e3⁄4$ddp„ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f ANpD

`Z dlpfpô2$_p õL|$gp¡dp„ Q„ÖL$p„s Nygpbfph (Q„vy$ bp¡X$£) A_¡ ky_ug

NphõL$f_¡ `Z õL|$gp¡_p `pW$1e3⁄4ddp„ Å¡X$hpdp„ Apìep lsp.

Page 20 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 20

cpfsdp„ f¡`_u fpS>_urs rhj¡ S>Zphsu A_¡ dp_ufp A¡. r`V$p¡ Üpfp guqMs,

râep kp¡d¥ep Üpfp qv$Áv$ri®s A_¡ Þe|T A¡riep Q¡_g Üpfp r_rd®s cpfsue

X$p ̧L$eyd¡ÞV$fu raëd duX$uV$¡L$ "kpBg¢V$ õ3⁄4$uçk-HqX$epT apBV$ AN¡õV$ f¥`' 9 d¡ _p

fp¡S> Þe|ep¡L®$ a¡qõV$hëk BÞV$f_¡i_g V$u.hu.A¡ÞX$ raëd A¡hp¡X$1®T f014dp„ ÓZ

S>¡V$gp `yfõL$pfdp„ rhS>¡sp b_u lsu. S>¡dp„ "b¡õV$ BÞh¡qõV$N¡qV$h qf`p¡V®$' dpV$¡

Np¡ëX$ hëX®$ d¡X$g, L$fÞV$ Aa¡k® dpV$¡ L$p„õe`v$L$, dp_hue dpdgpAp¡ kp\¡

k„b„r^s hN®dp„ kyhZ® `v$L$ kpd¡g R>¡. Ap `l¡gp Ap L$lp_u_¡ l_p¡B Mps¡

A¡riep `¡rkqaL$ b°p¡X$L$pqõV„$N e|r_e_-`k®`¡qL$V$h A¡hp¡X®$-f013 âpá \ep¡

lsp¡.

Ap X$p ̧L$e|d¡ÞV$fu raëd_p¡ rhje 16 qX$k¡çbf f01f_u kpdyrlL$

bmpÐL$pf (qv$ëlu)_u `uqX$sp f3 hrj®e `¡fpd¡qX$L$g rhÛp\}_u r_c®ep `f

Ap^pqfs R>¡. Ap OV$_p bpv$ v$¡icf_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ ApOps A_¡ kv$dp_u gpNZu

a¡gpsp Ap3⁄4$p¡i kp\¡_y„ âv$i®_ raëddp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. "r_c®ep' _pd

`uqX$s eyhsu_¡ duqX$ep Üpfp A¡_pes \ey lsy. `uqX$s eyhsu \p¡X$p qv$hkdp„

r_^_ `pdu lsu. Ap rkhpe 1` hrj®e bpmp_p f¡` L$¡k_u s`pk `Z raëddp„

v$ip®hpB R>¡. raëd _uQ¡ v$ip®hpe¡g õ\mp¡ `f ANpD v$ip®hpB lsu.

(1) dy„bB drlgp Ap„sffpô2$ue raëd dlp¡Ðkh-f013

(f) c|V$p__p dpJV$¡_ BL$p¡ a¡qõVhgdp„

(3) vy$r_ep_u Ak„¿e L$p ̧g¡Å¡, õhe„ k¡hu k„NW$_p¡ A_¡ L$p_|_u klpesp

k„NW$_p¡

"kpBg¡„V$ õ3⁄4uçk-HqX$epT apBV$

AN¡õV$ f¡`' X$p ̧L$eyd¡ÞV$fu raëd

Þe|ep¡L®$ dlp¡Ðkhdp„ R>hpB

X$p ̧L$e|d¡ÞV$fu raëd_p¡ rhje ::

rb°V$__p QqQ®s kdpQpf`Ó kÞX$¡ V$pBçk Üpfp Åfu Adufp¡_u k|Qudp„ rlÞvy$Å

b°^k®_¡ rb°V$_dp„ kp¥\u Aduf `qfhpf sfuL$¡ Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. tlvy$Å N©`_p b¡

cpB îuQ„v$ A_¡ Np¡`uQ„v$ 11.9 rbrge_ `pDÞX$_u k„`rs kp\¡ rb°V$__p Adufp¡_u

k|Qudp„ V$p¡Q `f R>¡. S>¡_u hj® f013dp„ k„`rs 1.3 rbrge_ `pDÞX$ lsu. AÞe

cpfsue d|m_p õV$ug qL„$N gÿdu rdÑg (Apk£gf)10.f` rbrge_ `pDÞX$_u

k„`rÑ kp\¡ ÓuÅ õ\p_¡ R>¡.

k|Qudp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp v$php dyS>b â\dhpf rb°V$_dp„ AS>b`rsAp¡_u k„¿ep

100\u h^y \B NB R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ g„X$_ vy$r_ep_y kp¥\u h^y Adufp¡_y„ r_hpk il¡f

b_u Ney R>¡.

kÞX$¡ V$pBçk k|Qudp„ tlvy$Å b„^y

rb°V$__p¡ kp¥\u Aduf `rfhpf

hprZS>e A_¡ DÛp¡N d„Ópge A„sN®s L$pe® L$fsp Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ _urs A_¡ k„h^®_ rhcpN sfa\u A¡L$

L$ÞkgV$Þku ad® Ak¢Qf Üpfp s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu cpfsdp„ ìehkpreL$ hpsphfZdp„ ky^pfp qf`p¡V®$ 6 d¡

_p fp¡S> Åfu \B lsu. S>¡ v$¡i_p v$f¡L$ fpS>ep¡ A_¡ L$¡ÞÖiprks âv$¡ip¡dp„ ìep`pf k„b„r^s hpsphfZdp„

ky^pfp_p kh®î¡›$ âep¡Np¡ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡.

cpfs_p ìehkpreL$ hpsphfZdp„ ky^pfp qf`p¡V®$ Åfu

v$¡i_p v$f¡L$ fpS>ep¡ A_¡ L$¡ÞÖiprks âv$¡ip¡dp„ ìep`pf k„b„r^s hpsphfZdp„ ky^pfp_p

kh®î¡›$ ìehlpqfL$ âep¡Np¡\u k„b„r^s AÂee_ rhðb¢L$ A_¡ rhð Apr\®L$ d„Q_u qf`p¡V®$ bpv$

iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey. ìehkpreL$ hpsphfZ_p k„v$c£ b„_¡ k„NW$_p¡_u qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf cpfs_u

qõ\rs Mfpb lsu. Ap qf`p¡V®$dp„ ìehkpreL$ ê$L$phV$p¡\u k„b„r^s kdõep A_¡ ârsb„^p¡ `f

A

âL$pi `pX$hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

Âe

e

_

_u

`©›$c|rd : e

s

Õ

NyS>fps : c|rd Ar^N°lZ\u k„b„r^s dp ̧X$g v$¡idp„ kh®î¡›$

L$Zp®V$L$ : h¡V$ dpV$¡ A¡L$uL©$s A_¡ ìep`L$ ìehõ\p

dlpfpô2$ : îd âb„^_ kdp^p_ A_¡ dlpfpô2$ DÛp¡N, ìep`pf

A_¡ fp¡L$pZ kyrh^p âL$p¡õV$_u õ\p`_p`„Åb/fpS>õ\p_ :

tkNg rhÞX$p¡ L$guefÞk rkõV$d

"vyr_ep_p qL$ip

¡fp

¡

dpV$¡ Apfp

¡

Áe' - rhð Apfp

¡

Áe k

„

NW$__u qf`p

¡V®$

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp "vy$r_ep_p

qL$ip¡fp¡ dpV$¡ Apfp¡Áe' _pd_u qf`p¡V®$ 14 d¡ _p

fp¡S> Åfu \B lsu. S>¡dp„ 10 \u 19_u he

hN®dp„ R>p¡L$fp A_¡ R>p¡L$fu b„_¡dp„ budpfu A_¡

qhL$gp„Nsp_y„ âdyM L$pfZ S>Zphpey R>¡.

qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b rhð õsf `f qL$ip¡fp¡_p

d©Ðey_p ÓZ dy¿e L$pfZ dpN® vy$O®V$_p,

A¡Q.ApB.hu./A¡BX$1k, ApÐdlÐep R>¡. A¡L$

A_ydp_ dyS>b hj® f01fdp„ rhðcfdp„ 1.3

rdrge_ qL$ip¡fp¡_p d©Ðey \ep lsp.

qf`p¡V®$_p dy¿e sÕep

¡

è R>p¡L$fpAp¡_p¡ d©Ðeyv$f R>p¡L$fuAp¡_u syg_pA¡ ÓZ NZp¡ R>¡.

è Ncp®hõ\p A_¡ bpmL$_p S>Þd k„b„r^s d©Ðeydp„ rNfphV$

è A¡Q.ApB.hu. _p L$pfZ¡ d©Ðeydp„ h©qÂ^

è Ad|L$ k„3⁄4$pdL$ fp¡N `Z d©Ðey dpV$¡ dy¿e L$p¡Z

è S|>_u budpfu fp¡L$hp dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z® Ahr^

v$¡i_p hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u iq¿kes\u cpf¡ âcprhs dÂeâv$¡i_p BÞv$p¡f Mps¡_p Ly$dphs v„$`su

rkrhg A¡qÞS>_uef `rs A_¡ Apfsu Ly$dphs Üpfp `p¡sp_p 16 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> S>Þd¡gp TyX$hp bpmL$p¡_y„ _pd

_f¡ÞÖ A_¡ dp¡v$u fpMhp_y„ _L$L$u L$ey® R>¡. v„$`su_p S>Zpìep dyS>b 16 d¡ _p fp¡S> õ\pr_L$ lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ b¡ bpmL$p¡_¡

S>Þd Apàep¡ Ðepf¡ gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zu_u ds NZsfu kde¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p¡ hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ rbfpS>dp_ \hp_p¡ dpN®

âiõs \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap âL$pf_p k„ep¡N_¡ Ad¡ bpmL$_p _pdL$fZdp„ Bðfue k„L$¡s dpÞep¡ lsp¡.

_hÅs bpmL$p¡_u dpsp Apfsu_p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ S>¡ fus¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ `p¡sp_p `qfhpf_y„ _pd fp¡i_ L$ey® R>¡,

A¡ S> fus¡ `p¡sp_p bpmL$p¡ `Z `qfhpf_y„ _pd fp¡i_ L$f¡ s¡hu BÃR>p ^fph¡ R>¡. bpmL$p¡_y„ _pd _f¡ÞÖ dp¡vu `f\u

fpMhp bv$g lp¡qõ`V$gdp„ s\p Ly$dphs `qfhpfdp„ duW$pBAp¡ hl¢Qhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

v$¡idp„ 16du gp¡L$kcp Qy„V$Zudp„ `|Z® blydsu kp\¡ kamsp d¡mh_pf hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u

gp¡L$râesp_„y Ap A¡L$ spTy âdpZ R>¡.

16 d

¡

_p fp

¡S> S>Þd

¡

gp S>p

¡

X$L$p bpmL$p

¡

_

„

y> _pd _f¡

ÞÖ A_

¡

dp

¡v$u

"dlpS„>bp¡' A_¡ vy$r_ep_„y kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ rhdp_ A¡fbk 380 rhdp_

30 d¡ _p fp¡S> cpfs_u dygpL$ps¡ qv$ëlu A¡f`p¡V®$_p V$rd®_g-3 `f

ApNd_ `pçey lsy. 560 V$_ hS>_ ^fphsy Ap rhdp_ A¡L$hpfdp„

15,700 qL$gp¡duV$f_u DX$p_ cfu iL$¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ 471 gp¡Lp¡_¡ kdphhp_u

ndsp R>¡.

qõhV$1fTg¡ÞX$_p rS>_uhp Mps¡ 19 d¡ _p fp¡S> rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$__y„ 67dy„ kçd¡g__y„ `|Z® Ar^h¡i_

k„`Þ_ \ey lsy. hj® f014_p¡ kpdpÞe rhQpf-rhdi®_p¡ rhje : "S>mhpey A_¡ Apfp¡Áe hÃQ¡ k„b„^'

fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>_ kpdpÞe dpV$¡ S>mhpey rhj¡ õ`ô$ kph®S>r_L$ Apfp¡Áe ÅN©rs_p h¥[ðL$ Acph_¡

L$pfZ¡ î¡›$ ìeqL$sNs A_¡ õ\pr_e L$pe®_ursAp¡_u Ap¡mM L$fhp kph®S>r_L$ Apfp¡Áe kdyv$pe dpV$¡ dy¿e `X$L$pf

b_u Ney R>¡.

hs®dp_ kde¡ S>mhpey `qfhs®_ dpÓ Ap„sffpô2$ue A_yb„^p¡ L$¡ Apr\®L$ MQ®_p¡ dyv$1p¡ _ fl¡sp A¡hp¡ dyv«p¡ b_u

Nep¡ R>¡ L$¡, S>¡dp„ `k„v$Nu L$fhu dyíL$¡g R>¡ L$¡, Ap`Z¡ L$¡hp âL$pf_p k„kpfdp„ fl¡hy R>¡. S>¡_p k„v$c®dp„ S>mhpey

`qfhs®_ `f k„eyL$s fpô2$ ê$`f¡Mp kçd¡g_ A„sN®s k¥Â^p„rsL$ fus¡ ApNm h^hy DÑd R>¡.

67dp„ k„d¡g_dp„ cpfs sfa\u L$¡qÞÖe Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `rfhpf L$ëepZ d„Ópge_p krQh (Apfp¡Áe)

ku.L$¡.rdîpA¡ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡.

Ap Ar^h¡i_dp„ cpfs¡ rhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡_¡ kiL$s b_phhp dpV$¡ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ lõsp„sfZ, S>¡_qfL$ v$hpAp¡_u

dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p `f Å¡f v$¡hpdp„ Apìey lsy. Sy>v$u-Sy>v$u rbdpfuAp¡_¡ fp¡L$hp_p l¡sy\u cpfsdp„ kõsu, DÑd,

kyfrns v$hpAp¡, h¡L$rk_ A_¡ DÞ_s rQqL$ÐkL$ue V$¡1⁄41_pgp ̧Æ D`gå^ L$fphhp `f cpf v$¡hpdp„ Apìep¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfsdp„ B.k.f01f \u f017 hÃQ¡ fpô2$ue ep¡S>_pAp¡dp„ Apfp¡Áe_¡ âdyM õ\p_ Ap`hpdp„

Apìey R>¡.

`X$L$pfê$` NZpsy vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u JQpB `f Aph¡gy riMf dpDÞV$

A¡hf¡õV$ `f Ap„^°âv$¡i_u dpÓ 13 hj® 11 dpk_u bpmp dpgphp\

`|f_p f` d¡ _p fp¡S> as¡l d¡mhu_¡ rhð_p kp¥\u JQp riMf dpDÞV$

A¡hf¡õV$ kf L$f_pf rhð_u kp¥\u _p_u he ^fphsu bpmp b_u NB R>¡.

Ap rdi_ `f dpgphp\ `|f_p kp\¡ 16 hrj®e kp^_p`ëgu

Ap_„v$Ly$dpf `Z Nep lsp. `|f_p Ap„^°âv$¡i_p r_Tpdpbpv$ rS>ëgp_p

A_¡ kp^_p`‰u Ap_„v$Ly$dpf Mçdd rS>ëgp_p hs_u R>¡. b„_¡ S>Z

ârsL$ sfuL$¡ X$p ̧.bu.Apf. Ap„b¡X$L$f A_¡ `|h® ApB.A¡.A¡k. Ar^L$pfu

A¡k.Apf. i„L$f__u sõhuf kp\¡ gB Nep lsp. b„_¡ rhS>¡sp Ap„^°âv$¡i

kp¡ig h¡ëa¡f A¡S>eyL$¡i_g kp¡kpeV$u_p rhÛp\} R>¡.

kp^_p `ëgu Ap_„v$Ly$dpf dpDÞV$ A¡hf¡õV$ as¡l L$f_pf â\d v$qgs

bÞep R>¡. _h¡çbf f013dp„ `|f_p A_¡ Ap_„v$ A¡hp A¡L$ X$T_ qL$ip¡fp¡

`¥L$u lsp, S>¡dZ¡ 17,000 ayV$ JQp dpDÞV$ f¡_p ̧L `f QY$pZ L$f_pf

kp¥\u _p_u he_p lp¡hp_y Np¥fh âpá L$ey® lsy. s¡Ap¡ b„_¡ Ap v$m_p kp¥\u

_p_u Jdf_p rhÛp\} lsp.

dpDÞV$ A¡hf¡õV$ kf L$f_pf kp¥\u _p_u he

^fphsu qL$ip¡fu dpgphp\ `|f_p A_¡ â\d

v$rgs rhS>¡sp kp^_p `ëgu Ap_„v$Ly$dpf

vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ rhdp_ cpfs_u dygpL$ps

¡

rhð Apfp

¡

Áe k

„

NW$__y

„

67dy

„

kçd

¡

g__y

„

`|Z® Ar^h

¡i_ rS>_uhp Mps

¡ k

„

`Þ_

rhje : "S>mhpey A_¡ Apfp¡Áe hÃQ¡ k„b„^'

67dy„ k„d

¡

g_ A_

¡ cpfs

cpfsue rk_¡dp Ofp¡dp„ 30 d¡ _p fp¡S> l„kg dl¡sp r_v$£ris A_¡ rb°qV$i raëd "d¡V2$p¡ dr_gp'(2013) _y„

cpfsue k„õL$fZ "rkV$u gpBV$1k' âv$ri®s \B lsu.

raëd "rkV$u gpBV$1k' _p_u S>ÁepAp¡ `f\u dS>b|fu hi d¡V2p¡ il¡fp¡dp„ Aph_pf gp¡L$p¡_p Æh_ `f

Ap^pqfs R>¡. S>¡dp Arc_¡sp fpS>Ly$dpf fph A_¡ Arc_¡Óu `Óg¡MpA¡ c|rdL$p r_cphu R>¡.

rb°qV$i raëd "d

¡V2$p

¡

dr_gp' _y

„

cpfsue k

„

õL$fZ "rkV$u gpBV$1

k' âv$ri®s

fpMuNYudp

„

^pÞepNpf dmu Apìey

`yfpsÐhrhv$1p¡A¡ lqfepZp_p fpMuNYu Npd L$¡, S>¡

lX$à`p kæesp_y„ A¡L$õ\m R>¡. Ðep\u spS>¡sfdp„ \e¡gp

Mp¡v$L$pd v$frdep_ L$pQu HV$p¡_u qv$hpg ^fphsp A¡L$

^pÞepNpf_u ip¡^ L$fu R>¡.

Page 21 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 21

rb°qV$i raëd "d

¡V2$p

¡

dr_gp' _y

„

cpfsue k

„

õL$fZ "rkV$u gpBV$1

k' âv$ri®s

Qu__y„ B[ÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a rsåbs_ àg¡V$1e| qfkQ® Ap ̧a

QpB_uS> A¡L$¡X$¡du Ap ̧a kpeÞkuT Üpfp d¡ 2014dp„ Åfu

\e¡gu A¡L$ qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b rsåbs_p Ág¡rief

`|h® [õ\rs_u A`¡npA¡ 15 % Ap¡R>p \ep R>¡. ri`p¡V®$

A_ykpf ÓZ v$kL$pdp„ Ág¡rief 53,000 hN®

qL$gp¡duV$f\u s¡ OV$u_¡ 45,000 hN® qL$gp¡duV$f \B Nep

R>¡. S¡_y L$pfZ Ágp¡bg hp¡rd ̄N lp¡hp_y„ S>Zpey R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R¡ L$¡, rsåbs L$¡V$gue¡ rldpgeu _v$uAp¡_y„

Dv$1Nd õ\p_ R>¡, S>¡dp b°û`yÓp dy¿e R>¡.

Ágp¡bg hp¡rd ̄N_¡ L$pfZ¡ qhgyá \hp_p Apf¡ fl¡gu A_¡ rldpgeu n¡Ódp„ Aph¡gu 800 S>¡V$gu

Ap¥jr^e h_õ`rsAp¡_u âÅqsAp¡_¡ f¡X$byL$dp„ kpd¡g L$fhp_u Ålf¡ps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap

h_õ`rsAp¡ Ágp¡bg hp¡rd ̄N A_¡ s¡_y„ Ah¥opr_L$ fus¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy `p¡jZ L$pfZc|s R>¡.

rhqv$s R>¡ L$¡, vy$r_epdp„ Ap¥jr^e h©np¡_u Apif¡ 2500 âÅqsAp¡ dmu Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp 1158

âÅrsAp¡ cpfsdp„ R>¡. S>¡_p¡ Dëg¡M âpQu_ cpfsue Apv$u N°„\, h¡v$dp„ `Z \ep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp\u 81

Ap¥jr^e h©np¡_y„ hZ®_ eSy>h£v$, 341 h_õ`rsAp¡_p¡ Dëg¡M A\h®h¡v$, 341_p¡ Dëg¡M QfL$

k„rlsp A_¡ 395 Ap¥jr^e âep¡Np¡ kyîys k„rlspdp„ S>Zphpep R>¡.

qldpge n¡

Ó_u 800 Ap

¥

jr^e h_õ`rs f¡

X$byL$dp

„

kpd

¡

g

rsåbs_p Ág

¡rief 15 % Ap

¡R>p \ep: qf`p

¡V®$

_hu qv$ëlu_p B[ÞX$ep HV$f_¡i_g k¢V$f Mps¡ 17 d¡ _p fp¡S> "Np„^u B_

d¥q1⁄4kL$p¡: A gyL$ A¡V$ _p ̧_ hpep¡g¡Þk' -h©s rQÓ âv$ri®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

Ap h©srQÓ Ap¡fphëX®$dpX$pgp A_¡ V$u.hu. e|.A¡_.A¡.A¡d. s¡dS> `|. dlpÐdp

Np„^uÆ Üpfp õ\pr`s NyS>fps rhÛp`uW$¡ dmu_¡ s¥epf L$ey® lsy.

Ap h©srQÓ b_phhp_p¡ l¡sy cpfs A_¡ d¥qL$kL$p¡ b„_¡ v$¡ip¡ Üpfp kl_

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu tlkp_p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p ê$`p¡_p A_|ch rhj¡ QQp®_¡ ApNm

h^pfhp_p¡ R>¡. Ap raëddp„ Np„^uÆ_p A„qsd rióep¡ `¥L$u A¡L$_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ A¡L$

cpfsue ârsr_r^ d„X$m_¡ d¥q1⁄4kL$p¡_p âhpk_¡ v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap

ârsr_r^ d„X$m kL$pfpÐdL$ bv$gph dpV$¡ Np„^u d|ëep¡_p dlÐh rhj¡ S>Zph¡ R>¡.

"Np„^u B_ d¥q1⁄4kL$p¡: A gyL$ A¡V$

_p ̧_ hpep¡g¡Þk' -h©s rQÓ

B.k. 1970dp„ õ\`pe¡gy HV$f_¡i_g e|r_e_ ap ̧f L„$S>h£i_ Ap ̧a _¡Qf A¡ÞX$ _¡Qfg qfkp¡k}k- ApB.e|.ku.A¡_.A¡_.Apf._y„ A¡L$ Ap„L$X$p k„N°l `yõsL$ A¡V$g¡ f¡X$byL$. S>¡dp rhgyáu_p Msfpdp„ `X$¡gp

Æh-S„>syAp¡, `nuAp¡, h_õ`rsAp¡_y„ rhhfZ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s\p s¡_p k„fnZ dpV$¡ ÅN©qs

a¡gphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ s¡dp Apif¡ 20,000 h_õ`rsAp¡_u âÅqsAp¡_u k|Qu A`hpdp„ Aphu

R>¡, S>¡ rhgyá \hp_u AZuA¡ R>¡.

cpfs A_¡ tkNp`yf_u _p¥k¡_pAp¡ hÃQ¡ 28 d¡ _p fp¡S>

hj® 2014_p¡ hprj®L$ _p¥k¡_p Aæepk 28 d¡ _p fp¡S> `|Z®

\ep¡ lsp¡. AÐepf ky^u_p Ly$g 21dp„ A¡hp Ap Aæepk_y„

_pd rkçb¡L$k-14 fpMhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

rkçb¡L$k-14

f¡

X$byL$

dlpfô2$ `e®V$_ rhL$pk r_Nd Üpfp dpep_Nfu dy„bBdp„ â\d sfsu lp¡V$g

A¡bu k¡g¡õV$uAg_y„ A_phfZ 22 d¡ _p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. Ap lp¡V$g_y„

r_dp®Z dlpfô2$ `e®V$_ rhL$pk r_Nd Üpfp X$åëe|.bu. L„$këV$„V$ s\p A¡bu

lp¡[õ`uV$¡rgV$u_p klep¡N\u L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. lp¡V$gdp„ A¡L$ M|ëgy X$¡L$, b¡ N¡g¡fu

kp\¡ A¡L$ 3 õsfue gL$Tfu X$pBt_N_u kyrh^p R>¡. S>¡_u Ly$g ndsp 660

dl¡dp_p¡_u R>¡. s¡dS> 1⁄4gb gp¢S> krls b¡ f¡õV$p¡fÞV$, 24 L$gpL$ Qpgsu A¡L$ L$p¡au

ip¡` Aph¡gu R>¡.

A¡bu k¡g¡õV$ueg\u dy„bB il¡f A_¡ ku tgL$_u360 qX$N°u Öíe v$ip®e R>¡.

cpfs v$¡idp„ Ap `l¡gp L$p¡gL$sp, Np¡hp, L$¡fm S>¡hp õ\mp¡ `f L$¡V$guL$ sfsu

lp¡V$gp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡.

dy

„

bB il

¡f_u â\d sfsu lp

¡V$g A¡

bu k¡

g

¡õV$uAg_y

„

A_phfZ

hj® S|>_y A¡L$ gpL$X$u_y„ D`L$fZ dmu

Apìey

dlpfpô2$ `e®V$_ rhL$pk r_Nd Üpfp dy„bB Mps¡ â\d sfsp lp¡V$g A¡bu k¡g¡õV$uA¡g _y„

A_phfZ \ey

\p ̧dk L$` b¡X$tdV$_ L$`dp„ dg¡riep_¡ lfphu_¡ Å`p__p¡ rhS>e

DÑf âv$¡i_p Qyf¡b õV$¡i_ `f _hu qv$ëlu\u Np¡fM`yf S>su Np¡fM`yf A¡1⁄4kâ¡k õV$¡i_

`f fl¡gu dpgNpX$u

kp\¡ V$L$fpsp 40 gp¡L$p¡_p d©Ðey \ep(26 d¡ 2014)

X$prgep N°ubp ̧õL$¡V$¡ rg\yApr_ep_p fpô$2`rs_u Qy„V$Zudp„ rhS>e âpá L$ep£

v$rnZ ApqäL$p_p fpô2$`rs `v$¡ S>¥L$b Sy>dp_u buÆ V$d® dpV$¡ r_dZ|„L$ \B

Bg¡1⁄4V$2p¡r_L$k A_¡ dprlsu V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ rhcpN_u dp¡bpBg k¡hp âp¡S>¡L$V$_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$

gp¡L$ k¡hp A¡hp¡X®$ 2014 dýep¡

r`_pL$ fp¡L$¡V$_y„ kam `qfnZ

e|fp¡`ue X2$N qf`p¡V®$ 2014: `°h©rÑAp¡ A_¡ rhL$pk Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu

rhð kyhZ® `qfjv$ Üpfp 20 d¡ _p fp¡S> hëX®$ Np¡ëX$ qX$dp„X$ V2$¢X$1k qf`p¡V®$ Åfu

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ lufp¡ A_¡ dyNg lpf _u rS>_¡hp Mps¡ lfpÆ \B

D`fpô2`rsA¡ dpgsu v$¡hu op_`uW$ `yfõL$pf-2014 âv$p_ L$ep®

qv$ëlu_¡ `°\d X$p ̧ëb¡ V$dp¡k Ap ̧qX$ep¡ V$¡1⁄4_p¡gp ̧Æ âpá \B

k„õL©$s qhÜp_ kyLy$dpfk cË$pQpfÆ_y„ r_^_

B.k. 1971 `|h£ hk¡gp bp„Ágpv$¡iu cpfsue dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ :d¡Opge lpBL$p¡V®$

Qu__p f¡gh¡ L$d®QpfuAp¡_¡ lp ̧g Ap ̧a Ap ̧_fdp„ kpd¡g L$fhp Ad¡qfL$p_p¡ r_Z®e

V$pV$p õV$ug L„$`_u_¡ kh®î¡›$ cpfsue õV$ug L„$`_u_p¡ `yfõL$pf

L$pmp ^__u s`pk dpV$¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ 27 d¡ _p fp¡S> A¡k.ApB.V$u. _u fQ_p L$fu s¡_p AÝen

sfuL$¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p `|h® dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡d.bu ipl_u r_dÏ„L$

L$ph¡fu S>m qhhpv Ap¡\p¡qfV$u_p AÝen$ sfuL$¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p `|h® dy¿e Þepep^ui

bu.A¡k. Qp¥lpZ

rhð_p `„\d A¡L$i_ raNf r_dp®sp X$p¡_pëX$ g¡rh__y„ r_^_

h¥opq_L$p¡A¡ X$u.A¡_.A¡. „„„Arsqf1⁄4s Anf k„3⁄4$qds L$f_pf â\d Æhsp Æh_u fQ_p L$fu

N|Ng¡ e|fp¡`ue gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ fpBV$ V|$ ap¡fNp¡V$_ _pd_u k¡hp_u iê$Aps L$fu

syL$u®_p `yfpsÐhv$p¡_¡ V$¡bg¡V$ L$çàe|V$f kdsyëe 1200

" '

ip¡V®$ L$fÞV$ Aa¡k®

(10f) rhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡dp„ fpô2$ue AphL$_p¡ 6% MQ® rinZ `pR>m L$fhpdp„ Aph¡

(103) rhL$rks v$¡ip¡dp„ rinZ dpV$¡ fpô2$ue AphL$_p¡ 10% MQ® qinZ

`pR>m L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(104) rinZ A¡ dyqL$s_„y kp¥\u dlp_ kp^_ R>¡. - X$p ̧.fp^pL©$óZ_.

(10`) L$¡mhZu_y„ L$pd dp\p L$p`hp_y„ _\u, a¡fhhp_y„ R>¡. - L$pg®dpL®$k.

(106) dpÓ Anfop_ A¡ L$¡mhZu_u _uip_u _\u. - Np„^uÆ

(107) fhuÞÖ_p\V$pNp¡fA¡ âL©$rshpv$u rinZ rhQpfL$ lsp.

(108) 3H _u L$¡mhZu_u k„L$ë`_p Np„^uÆA¡ Ap`u lsu.

(109) 4H _u L$¡mhZu_u k„L$ë`_p rh_p¡cp cph¡A¡ Ap`u lsu.

(110) "ipmp A¡ kdpS>_u g^y Aph©rÑ R>¡. - S>lp¡_ X$e|B

(111) AÂee_ rhop_ A_¡ L$mp b„_¡ R>¡.

(11f) kp¡3⁄4$¡V$uk rinZ_¡ v$peZ_y„ ê$`L$ Apàey R>¡.

(113) k„hpv$ L$¡ ìep¿ep_ `Â^rs kp¡3⁄4$¡V$uk_u v$¡_ R>¡.

(114) "bpmL$p¡_u dyR>pmudp sfuL$¡ NuSy>cpB b^¡L$p_¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(11`) dp¡ÞV$k$fu `Â^rs_p âZ¡sp d¡X$d dp¡ÞV$¡kfu lsp.

(116) qL$ÞX$fNpX®$_ _pd_u bpg AÂee__u `Â^rs ap¡b¡g _pd_p d_p¡h¥opr_L$¡

Ap`u lsu.

(117) inL$ A¡V$g¡ kyrh^p kS>®L$ - L$p¡çbT

(118) lL$pfpÐdL$ õhk„L$ë`_p_p¡ ¿epg rhrged `L$}A¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡.

(119) d¡L$g¡gÞX$ rkÂ^ â¡fZp_p rkÂ^p„s dpV$¡ âQrgs R>¡.

(1f0) S>ê$qfepsp¡_u î¡Zu_p¡ rkÂ^p„s Ab°pld dp¡õgp¡A¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡.

(1f1) rinZdp„ d|gL$ k„v$c® L$kp¡V$u dpV$¡ fp¡bV®$ Ág¡kf (1963) ÅZusp R>¡.

(1ff) rinZ_p kph®qÓL$fZ_p AdguL$fZ dpV$¡_p L$pe®3⁄4$d_y„ â\d `Ngy„ kÑp_„y

rhL$¡ÞÖL$fZ lsy.

(1f3) Apv$i® fus¡ qinL$ rhÛp\u_y„ `°dpZ 1:40 R>¡.

(1f4) Unicef _y„ `yê$ _pd ey_pBV$¡X$ _¡iÞk BÞV$f_¡i_g qQëX2$_ BdfS>Þku a„X$

R>¡. S>¡_u õ\p`_p 1946dp„ `¡qfkdp„ \B lsu.

A_y...`p_p _„.48\u ApNm...

Page 22 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 22

Apr\®L$ klep¡N A_¡ rhL$pk k„NW$_ (Ap¡.B.ku.X$u.) Üpfp 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> Apr\®L$ `qfÖíe

qf`p¡V®$ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu. S>¡dp„ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡ hj® f014dp„ cpfs_p¡ Apr\®L$ h©rÂ^ v$f

4.9 % A_¡ _pZp„ hj® f01`dp„ s¡ `.9 % fl¡ s¡hy A_ydp_ gNphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

Ap¡.B.ku.X$u. Üpfp rhð Apr\®L$ rhL$pk v$f 3.4 % fl¡hp_y A_ydp_ gNphhpdp„ Apìey

R>¡. (hj® f014) s\p hj® f01`dp„ s¡ 3.9 % fl¡ s¡hu k„cph_p R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$u A¡_Æ® Hafd¡i_ A¡X$du_uõV2$¡i__u hprj®L$ DÅ® `qfv$íe qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf cpfs Å`p__¡ `pR>m R>p¡X$u_¡ hj® f0f` ky^udp„

vy$r_ep_y ÓuSy> kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ s¡g h`fpiL$sp® v$¡i b_i¡. qf`p¡V®$dp„ Ad¡qfL$p_¡ â\d A_¡ Qu__¡ buSy> õ\p_ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey. Ad¡qfL$u DÅ®

dprlsu âipk_¡ `p¡sp_u hprj®L$ DÅ® `qfv$íe qf`p¡V®$ 7 d¡ _p f014_p fp¡S> Åfu L$fu lsu. hs®dp_dp„ cpfs Ad¡qfL$p, Qu_ A_¡ Å`p_

bpv$ Qp¡\p õ\p_¡ R>¡. qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf hj® f0f` ky^udp„ cpfsdp„ s¡g_p¡ h`fpi h^u_¡ `1.9 gpM b¡fg ârsqv$_ \pe s¡hy A_ydp_ R>¡. S>¡

hj® f01fdp„ 36.8 gpM b¡fg ârsqv$_ lsp¡.

hj® f0f` ky^udp„ cpfs vy$r_ep_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$ s¡g h`fpiL$sp® v$¡i

hj® f014dp„ cpfs_p¡ Apr\®L$ h©qÂ^

v$f 4.9 % fl¡hp_y A_ydp_ : Ap¡.B.ku.X$u.

â\d õhv$¡iu L$pX®$ "ê$`¡' gp¡ÞQ \ey

fpô2$`rs ch_ Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡ldp„ fpô2$`rs âZh dyMfÆA¡ 8 d¡ _p fp¡S>

â\d õhv$¡iu L$pX®$ "ê$`¡' gp¢Q L$ey® lsy. Ap L$pX®$ rhTp L$pX®$, dpõV$f L$pX®$ S>¡hu A_¡L$ kyrh^p

âv$p_ L$fu_¡ "_¡i_g `¡d¡ÞV$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep' (A¡_.`u.ku.ApB.) Üpfp rhL$rks

r_e„ÓZ s„Ó s¡_p `f r_e„ÓZ ^fph¡ R>¡.

"ê$`¡'_u kyrh^p iê$ \hp_¡ `Ng¡ b¢L$p¡_¡ 40 % bQs \B iL$¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ Ap`Zu

`pk¡ L$pX®$ lp¡e R>¡ s¡ rhv$¡iu b_phV$_y lp¡e R>¡. lh¡ â\d hMs cpfsdp„ Ap âL$pf_p L$pX®$_p¡

D`ep¡N Ap`Z¡ L$fu iL$uiy.

cpfsue drlgp b¢L$ (bu.A¡_.bu.) Üpfp 13

d¡ _p fp¡S> bprgL$pAp¡ dpV$¡_u "_Þlu L$gu' Aphrs®

S>dp ep¡S>_p âpf„c L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_p

13 hj® ky^u_u bpmpAp¡ dpV$¡ rhi¡jê$`¡ âpf„c

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_p A„sN®s `0 ê$r`ep_u

Þe|_sd dprkL$ fL$d L$¡ `0_p NyZp„L$dp„ s¡_p\u h^y

fL$d kp\¡ Mpsy Mp¡gu iL$pe R>¡ A_¡ drl_p_p Nd¡ s¡

qv$hk¡ láp_u fL$d S>dp L$fphu iL$pi¡. ep¡S>_p_u

Þe|_sd Ahr^ ÓZ hj® A_¡ Ar^L$sd Ahr^

10 hj® r_^p®fus L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_p kp\¡ k„b„r^s Mpsp_u dy¿e rhi¡jsp A¡ R>¡

L$¡, ìepS>v$fdp„ OV$pX$p¡ \hp R>sp s¡_p `f r_^p®fus L$f¡gp ìepS>v$f_u QyL$hZu \i¡. s¡dS>

ìeqL$sNs vyO®V$_p `f hudp kyrh^p `Z Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

cpfsue drlgp b¢L$ (bu.A¡d.bu.)

Üpfp bprgL$pAp¡ dpV$¡ "_Þlu L$gu'

ep¡S>_p âpf„c \B

cpfsue drlgp b¢L$ cpfs_u â\d dqlgp b¢L$ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ âõsph sÐL$prg_

_pZp„dÓu `u.rQv„$dbfd¡ L$¡qÞÖe bS>¡V$ f013-14dp„ fp¿ep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡_p dpV$¡

1000 L$fp¡X$ fL$d_u Å¡NhpB L$fu lsu. b¢L$_y„ Dv«OpV$_ 19 _h¡çbf f013_p

fp¡S> dy„bB Mps¡ sÐL$prg_ hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_tkO A_¡ ey`uA¡ AÂen

kp¡r_ep Np„^uA¡ L$ey® lsy.

bu.A¡d.bu. Ål¡fn¡Ó_u A¡hu b¢L$ R>¡ L$¡, S>¡_p X$pef¡L$V$f d„X$mdp„ v$f¡L$ kv$õe

drlgpAp¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ s¡_p âb„^ r_v$£iL$ Djp A_„s kyb°dÎed R>¡. b¢L$_y„ bdy¿e d\L$ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡.

u

.

A

d

.

bu

.

¡

cpfs_p `|h® hX$pâ^p_ X$p ̧.d_dp¡l_rk„O_u Apr\®L$ kgplL$pf `qfjv$_p AÂen A_¡ qfTh®

b¢L$_p `|h® Nh_®f A\®ip÷u ku.f„NfpS>_¡ 19 d¡ _p fp¡S> `p¡sp_y„ fpÆ_pdy Ap`u v$u^y R>¡. L$¡ÞÖdp„

kÑp `qfhs®_ \sp ku.f„NfpS>_ kp\¡ `rfjv$_p buÅ kv$õep¡ X$p ̧.kp¥rdÓ Qp¥^fu, X$p ̧.rhS>e i„L$f

ìepk, X$p ̧.`yrg_ bu._peL$ A_¡ X$p ̧.qv$gu` A¡_._Qp_¡ `Z fpÆ_pdy Apàey R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

ku.f„NfpS>_ Ap `v$¡ hj® f00`\u lsp.

hX$pâ^p__u Apr\®L$ kgplL$pf `rfjv$_u fQ_p f9 qX$k¡çbf f004_p fp¡S> \B lsu.

`qfjv$_p¡ L$pe®L$pm hX$pâ^p__p L$pe®L$pm S>¡V$gp¡ lp¡e R>¡.

`qfjv$_p AÂen_¡ L$¡rb_¡V$ f¢L$_p d„Óu S>¡hp¡ s\p s¡_p kv$õep¡_¡ fpS>ed„Óu õsf_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡

dm¡gp¡ lp¡e R>¡.

hX$pâ^p_ Üpfp kde kde `f `rfjv$_¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aph¡gp _ursNs dpdgpAp¡ `f kgpl

v$¡hp s\p Apr\®L$ kgplL$pf `rfjv$ hX$pâ^p_ dpV$¡ v$¡i A_¡ rhv$¡idp„ Apr\®L$ rhL$pk `f A¡L$

dprkL$ qf`p¡V®$ s¥epf L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ r_erds ê$`¡ Apr\®L$ Nrsqhr^Ap¡_u kdunp L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dS> v$¡i

rhv$¡idp„ \B fl¡gu dlÐh`|Z® Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f _S>f fpM¡ R>¡.

Apf.bu.ApB. Nh®_f fOyfpd fpS>_ Üpfp 1` d¡ _p fp¡S> \e¡gu A¡L$ Op¡jZp âdpZ¡

àgpqõV$L$_u QgZu _p¡V$ `qfnZ bpv$ hj® f01`dp„ QgZdp„ dyL$hpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap `l¡gp

L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp a¡b°yApfu f013dp„ k„kv$dp„ S>Zphpey lsy L$¡ s¡Ap¡ rkdgp, L$p¡ÃQu, d¥k|f,

S>e`yf, cyh_¡ðf S>¡hp v$¡i_p il¡fp¡dp„ àgpqõV$L$ QgZu _p¡V$ âpep¡rNL$ ^p¡fZ¡ bÅfdp„ hj®

f014_p A„sdp„ Åfu L$fi¡.

àgpqõV$L$_u b_¡gu L$fÞku _p¡V$_u kf¡fpi he `p„Q hj® li¡. S>¡ L$pNm_u b_¡gu _p¡V$p¡

L$fsp h^y kpa v$¡Mpi¡.

Ap^yr_L$ àgpqõV$L$ L$fÞku _p¡V$ kp¥\u `l¡gp Ap ̧õV2$¡rgepB qfTh® b¢L$,

ku.A¡k.ApB.Apf.Ap¡. A_¡ e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a d¡gbp¡_® Üpfp _pZp_u

^p¡L$pbpÆ/Xy$àguL$¡i_ fp¡L$hp dpV$¡ rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡_u iê$Aps

B.k.1988dp„ \B lsu. Ðepfbpv$ `|Z® fus¡ àgpqõV$L$ _p¡V$ h`fpi L$f_pf v$¡i, b°y_¡B,

Þe|Tug¡ÞX$, `p`yAp Þe|rN_u, fp¡dpr_ep, rhe¡s_pd, raTu, dp¡f¡riek, L$¡_¡X$p A_¡

BTfpeg bÞep lsp.

cpfsue qfTh® b¡„L$ Üpfp f1 d¡ _p fp¡S> AiL$s gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ A_yLy$m \pe s¡hp _hp A¡.V$u.A¡d.

diu_ õ\pr`s L$fhp r_v$£i Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ A_¡ 1 Sy>gpB f014 bpv$\u õ\pr`s v$f¡L$ _hp

A¡.V$u.A¡d.dp„ N°plL$p¡ dpV$¡ îìe r_v$£i, b°¡Bg qL$`¡X$ D`gå^ L$fphhp r_v$£i Apàep¡ lsp¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Ap `l¡gp hj® f009dp„ cpfsue qfTh® b¢L$ Üpfp AiL$s gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ kygc b_¡

B.k.19`8dp„ cpfs A_¡ cpfsue S>ê$fuepsp¡_¡ A_yê$` A¡hu A¡çb¡k¡X$f L$pf_y„ DÐ`pv$_

L$fhp dpV$¡ `.b„Npm_p lyNgu rS>‰p_p DÑf`pX$p Mps¡ v$¡i_p¡ â\d A_¡ A¡L$dpÓ A¡L$uL©$s

Ap ̧V$p¡dp¡bpBg àgp„V$ iê$ \ep¡ lsp¡. 80_p v$kL$ ky^u ârs hj® f4,000 L$pf h¡Qhpdp„ Aphsu

lsu. S>ep„ DÑf`pX$p àgp„V$dp„ ârsqv$_ `p„Q L$pf b_su lsu. kdep„sf¡ cpfsue bÅfdp„

dpê$qs kyTyL$u, ap¡X®$ A_¡ ly„X$pB S>¡hu L„$`_uAp¡_p âh¡i kp\¡ L$¡V$gpe¡ _hp ê$`f„N kp\¡_p dp¡X$g

fS|> \ep S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡çb¡k¡X$f_p h¡QpZdp„ OV$pX$p¡ \ep¡.

rlÞvy$õsp_ dp¡V$k® rgrdV$¡X$ Üpfp f4 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> DÑf`pX$p àgp„V$ b„^ L$fhp_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡_y L$pfZ Apr\®L$ kdõep, DÐ`pv$_dp„ OV$pX$p¡, A_yipk_ rl_spdp„

h^pfp¡, L$pf_u dp„Ndp„ OV$pX$p¡ rhN¡f¡ lsp.

hX$pâ^p__u Apr\®L$ kgplL$pf `qfjv$_p

AÂen ku.f„NfpS>__y„ fpÆ_pdy

hX$pâ^p__u Apr\®L$ kgplL$pf `qfjv$

`qfjv$_y„ L$pe®

Apf.bu.ApB. Üpfp àgpqõV$L$ _p

¡V$_p

¡

âpf

„

c hj® f01`dp

„

àgpqõV$L$ L$fÞku _p¡V$ ::

cpfsue qfTh® b¢L$ Üpfp 6 d¡_ p fp¡S> A¡L$ qv$ip r_v$£i Åfu L$fu_¡

10 hj®\u h^y he ^fphsp kNufp¡ dpV$¡ õhs„Ó ê$`¡ bQs Mpsy Mp¡ghp

s\p kp\¡ A¡.V$u.A¡d. A_¡ Q¡L$byL$ S>¡hu AÞe kyrh^pAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N

L$fhp A_ydsu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. AÐepf ky^u kNufp¡_¡ dpsp-r`sp

,hpgu kp\¡ b¢L$ Mpsp k„Qprgs L$fhp_u A_ydsu lsu.

Apf.bu.ApB. Üpfp 10 hj® he ^fphsp

kNuf_p bQs Mpsp Mp¡ghp A_ydrs

A¡çb¡k¡X$f b_phsu rlÞvy$õsp_ dp¡V$k®

rgrdV$¡X$_p¡ DÑf`pX$p àgp„V$ b„^ \ep¡

AiL$s gp

¡L$p

¡

dpV$¡

_hp A¡

.V$u.A¡

d. õ\pr`s L$fhp r_v$£i

cpfsue drlgp b¢L$ cpfsue qfTh®

b¢L$_u buÆ A_yk|Qu, 1934dp„ kpd¡g

cpfsue drlgp b¢L$ cpfsue qfTh® b¢L$_u buÆ A_yk|Qu, 1934dp„ kpd¡g \ep_u Op¡jZp

21 d¡ _p fp¡S> dy„bB Mps¡ Apf.bu.ApB. Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap kp\¡ cpfsdp„ A_yk|rQs

hprZrS>eL$ b¢L$p¡_u k„¿ep lh¡ Ly$g 90 S>¡V$gu \B NB R>¡.

(Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Ministrer)

Page 23 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 23

g¡ML$: `°¡d Qp¥lpZ, S>e Qp¥lpZ

h|d_ õL$h¥i A¡kp¡rkA¡i_ Üpfp 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> Åfu \e¡gu rhð f¡qL„$N k|Qudp„ vuq`L$p

`ëguL$g_¡ 10dy õ\p_ s\p Å¡i_p rQ_à`p f1dp„ õ\p_¡ füp lsp.

`„Åb kfL$pf_u ApN¡hp_u sm¡ 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> rhð L$bÍ$u guN_u

fQ_p \B R>¡. S>|_-f014dp„ qv$ëlu Mps¡ ÐepNfpS> õ`p¡V$1k® L$p ̧çàg¡n

Mps¡ â\d rhð L$bÍ$u guN V$|_p®d¡ÞV$ Apep¡rS>s \i¡.

rhð L$bÍ$u guN_p AÂen A_¡ `„Åb_p _peb dy¿ed„Óu

kyMbuftkl bpv$g A_¡ `|h® Ap¡g„rç`L$ M¡gpX$u `fNV$tkl¡ rhð

L$bÍ$u guN_u Ar^L$pqfL$ h¡bkpBV$ k„eyL$sê$`¡ Åfu L$fu lsu.

B.k.1991dp„ iê$ \e¡gu A_¡ ArMg cpfsue ayV$bp¡g dlpk„O Üpfp

âqshj® Apep¡rS>s \su kur_ef fpô2$ue drlgp ayV$bp¡g õ`^p®_u f0du

ârsep¡rNsp_u apB_g d¡Q 1f d¡ f014_p fp¡S> Akd_p Np¡gpOpV$

õV$¡qX$ed Mps¡ ep¡ÅB. S>¡dp„ drZ`yf_u V$ud¡ Ns hj®_u Q¡qç`e_ V$ud

Ap¡qX$kp_¡ 3-1 \u `fpS>e Apàep¡ lsp¡. drZ`yf_p bpgp v$¡hu_¡

"àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ V|$_p®d¡ÞV$' Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. drZ`yf_p¡

rhS>e \hp kp\¡ Ap s¡d_p¡ 17dp¡ fpô2$ue rMspb R>¡. drZ`yf

B.k.f010dp„ `Z Ap ârsep¡rNspdp„ rhS>¡sp bÞey lsy.

ApW$ hpf rhð Q¡rç`e_ b_¡gp `„L$S> AX$hpZuA¡ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ L$gb Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep

(ku.ku.ApB.) "LgprkL$ rbrgeX®$k A_¡ õ_|L$f ârsep¡rNsp'_p¡ rMspb 14 d¡ _p fp¡S>

âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ apB_g d¡Qdp„ ^°yh rkshpgp_¡ B.ku.A¡. L$gb b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ lpf

Ap`u lsu. Ap rkhpe s¡dZ¡ ârsep¡rNspdp„ L$hpV®$f apB_gdp„ v$¡h¡ÞÖ Å¡iu_u rhê$Â^

kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ b°¡L$ (`30) b_phhp_p¡ `yfõL$pf `Z âpá L$ep¡® lsp¡. k¡du

apB_gdp„ `„L$S>¡ ê$`¡i ipl_¡ lpf Ap`u lsu.

"guN h_ Ap ̧a ^ ef' bv$g ayV$bp¡g M¡gpX$u

S>gpV$_ Bb°prldp¡rhQ `k„v$ \ep

rhð õ_|L$f Q¡qç`e_ri` vy$r_epcfdp„ Apep¡rS>s \su ìehkpreL$ õ_|L$f ârsep¡rNsp R>¡.S>¡_y„

â\dhpf Apep¡S>_ B.k.19f7dp„ \ey lsy. Ðepfbpv$\u s¡ HÁg¡ÞX$ Mps¡ i¡auëX$_p 3⁄4y$rkbg r\A¡V$f

Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \pe R>¡.

`p¡sp_u â\d rhð õ_|L$f Q¡qç`e_ri` fdu fl¡gp HÁg¡ÞX$_p dpL®$ k¡ëbuA¡ hj® f013_p

Q¡qç`e_ fp ̧_u Ap¡ kyrghp__¡ 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> `fprS>s L$fu_¡ ârsep¡rNspdp„ rhS>e âpá L$ep£ lsp¡.

`fpÆs fp¡_u Ap¡ kyrghp_ Ap õ`^p®_p `p„Q hpf_p Q¡qç`e_ lsp. dpL®$ k¡ëbuA¡ k¡du apB_gdp„ _ug

fp ̧bV®$k__¡ `fpÆs L$ep® lsp.

HÁg¡ÞX$_p dpL®$ k¡ëbu rhð õ_|L$f

Q¡qç`e_ri`-f014dp„ rhS>¡sp õhuX$__p ayV$bp¡g M¡gpX$u S>gpV$_ Bb°pqldp¡rhQ_¡ kss buÅ kÓdp„ "guN h_ Ap ̧a

^ ef' bv$g 11 d¡ _p fp¡S> `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. kp\¡ S> `¡qfk k¦V$ S>d®_

(`u.A¡k.Æ.)_p BV$pghu rdX$ raëX$f dpL®$ h¡fpÑu hj®_p kh®î¡›$ eyhp M¡gpX$u sfuL$¡

`k„v$Nu `pçep R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, S>gpV$_ Bbp°qldp¡rhQ¡ äp„k_u guNdp„ khp®q^L$ 2`

Np¡g L$ep® R>¡. S>¡ Ap L$gb_u v$f¡L$ ârsep¡rNspAp¡dp„ Ap kÓ_p Ly$g 40 Np¡g L$fu_¡ Ap

L$gb_u guNdp„ 39 Np¡g L$fhp_p¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ ^fphsp L$pgf¡k rbep„Qu_¡ `pR>m fpMu v$u^p R>¡.

f0du kur_ef fpô2$ue drlgp ayV$bp¡g

ârsep¡rNsp-drZ`yf rhS>¡sp

h¡õV$ BqÞX$T_p q3⁄4$L$¡V$f A_¡ Ap ̧L$V$p¡bf f010 \u V$¡õV$ V$ud_p

L$áp_ fl¡gp b¡V$kd¡_ X$¡f¡_ S|>rgek Nh£ k¡duA¡ 9 d¡ _p fp¡S> V$¡õV$

q3⁄4$L$¡V$dp„\u kÞepk g¡hp_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u

S>ÁepA¡ qv$_¡i fpdqv$__¡ h¡õV$ BqÞX$T V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$ V$ud_p L$áp_

b_phpep bpv$ Ap âL$pf_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.

h

¡õV$ BqÞX$T_u q3⁄4$L$¡V$f

X$¥f¡_ k¡du_u V$¡õV$ q3⁄4$L$¡V$_¡ Agrhv$p

"L$gprkL$ rbrgeX®$k A_¡ õ_|L$f ârsep¡rNsp'_p

¡

rMspb rhS>¡sp `„L$S> AX$hpZu

μ rbrgeX®$k A_¡ õ_|L$f M¡gpX$u `„L$S> AX$hpZu_p¡ S>Þd dlpfpô2$_p `y_p Mps¡ \e¡gp¡ R>¡.

μ qbrgeX®$k A_¡ õ_|L$f M¡gpX$u `„L$S> AX$hpZu_p¡ S>Þd dlpfpô2$_p `y_p Mps¡ \e¡gp¡ R>¡.

μ `„L$S> AX$hpZuA¡ hj® f009dp„ Ns hj® A_¡ _hhpf_p Q¡qç`e_ dpL®$ fk¡g_¡ lfphu_¡ `¡i¡hf qbrgeX®$k

Q¡qç`e_ri` âqsep¡rNsp Æsu lsu. Ap Æs kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ rbrgeX®$k_p 139 hj®_p Bqslpkdp„ Ap

rMspb `f L$bÅ¡ L$f_pf buÅ cpfsue bÞep lsp. A¡ `l¡gp B.k.199fdp„ Ap rMspb Nus k¡W$uA¡

ÆÐep¡ lsp¡.

μ `„L$S> ApX$hpZu vy$r_ep_p A¡L$dpÓ A¡L$ A¡hp M¡gpX$u R>¡ S>¡Z¡ ApB.bu.A¡k.A¡a. rhð rbrgeX®$k

Q¡qç`e_ri`dp„ `p¡BÞV$ A_¡ V$pBd ap¡d£V$ rMspb A¡L$ kp\¡ b¡ hpf hj® f00` A_¡ f008dp„ âpá L$ep£

lp¡e.

μ s¡dZ¡ hj® f00`dp„ fpÆh Np„^u M¡g fÐ_ A¡hp¡X®$ âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ Ap `yfõL$pf Æs_pf kp¥\u _p_u

he_p M¡gpX$u R>¡. s\p hj® f004dp„ AS|>®_ `|fõL$pf s\p hj® f009dp„ `Úîu kçdp_ âpá L$e®y lsy.

`„L$S> AX$hpZu

g„X$_ Mps¡ 8 d¡ _p fp¡S> ep¡Åe¡g A¡L$ `yfõL$pf rhsfZ kdpfp¡ldp„ HÁg¡ÞX$_p fp ̧_u Ap¡

kyrghp__¡ rhð õ_|L$f M¡gpX$u_p¡ `yfõL$pf âv$p_ \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap rkhpe s¡d_¡ âi„kL$

M¡gpX$u_p¡ `yfõL$pf `Z õ_|L$f M¡gpX$uAp¡_p ds Üpfp `k„v$Nu L$fu_¡ A¡_pes \ep¡ lsp¡.

rhð õ_|L$f M¡gpX$u `yfõL$pf-fp ̧_u Ap¡ kyrghp_ kçdpr_s

âv$p_ \e¡gp `yfõL$pf :

`„Åb Mps¡ rhð L$bÍ$u guN_u fQ_p

cpfsue drlgp õL$h¥i M¡gpX$u v$ur`L$p

`‰uL$g rhð f¡qL„$Ndp„ 10dp„ õ\p_¡

õ`¡r_k ayV$bp¡g L$gb A¡V$g¡qV$L$p¡ d¡qX2$X$¡ 17 d¡ _p fp¡S> bprk®gp¡_p Mps¡ bprk®gp¡_p_u

kp\¡ fdu_¡ 1-1 \u X2$p¡ fdu_¡ õ`¡r_k gp guNp L$` v$kduhpf âpá L$ep£ lsp¡. A¡V$g¡qV$L$p¡ d¡qX2$X$

`p¡sp_p¡ ApMfu gp guNpL$` B.k.1996dp„ ÆÐep¡ lsp¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, gp gugp L$` õ`¡__u A¡L$ ayV$bp¡g guN R>¡. S>¡_¡ âpf„c B.k.19f9dp„

\ep¡ lsp¡. s¡ âÐe¡L$ hj£ ep¡Åe R>¡. S>¡dp„ f0 S>¡V$gu V$udp¡ rlõkp¡ g¡ R>¡. s¡ rhð_u `p„Qdu kp¥\u

õ`¡r_i gp guNpL$`-A¡V$g¡qV$L$p¡ d¡qX2$X$ rhS>¡sp

suf„v$pÆ rhðL$`_u iê$Aps B.k.f006 \u rhð rsf„v$pÆ k„O Üpfp \B lsu. S>¡_y„

Apep¡S>_ ârs hj® drlgp A_¡ `yê$j hN®dp„ AgN AgN \pe R>¡. hj® f013dp„ s¡_y„ Apep¡S>_

`¡qfk (äp„k) Mps¡ \ey lsy„.

hj® f014_p rhðL$` rsf„v$pÆ_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$p¡g„rbep (Ad¡qfL$p) _p d¥X$¡rg_dp„ \ey lsy.

S>¡dp„ cpfsue rsf„v$pS> Asp_y v$pk, \|`yhp¡eu õh|fp¡ A_¡ k„S>e bp¡fp¡_u V$ud apB_g

dyL$pbgpdp„ v$rnZ L$p¡qfep_u V$ud kpd¡ `fprS>s \B lsu. Ap `l¡gp cpfsue V$ud¡ L$hpV®$f

apB_gdp„ õ`¡_ A_¡ k¡du apB_gdp„ Qu__¡ lpf Ap`u lsu.

dqlgp hN®dp„ bp¡çbpegp v$¡hu g¡ifpd_u cpfsue V$ud d¡qL$kL$p¡_¡ lfphu_¡ L$p„õe `v$L$

rhS>¡sp b_u lsu.

suf„v$pÆ rhðL$`-f014dp„ cpfs_

¡

1 fS>s A_¡ 1 L$p„õe`v$L$

ApB.`u.A¡g.-7 dp„ L$p¡gL$sp _pBV$ fpBX$k® rhS>¡sp

ApB.`u.A¡g.-7 _p apB_g d|L$pbgpdp„ iplê$MMp__u V$ud L$p¡gL$sp _pBV$ fpBX$k£

rârs qTÞV$p_u V$ud `„Åb qL„$ÁT Bg¡h__¡$ ÓZ rhL$¡V$¡ lpf Ap`sp Ap rhfTpfp_u S>p¡X$u

`¡L$u rhf(iplê$MMp_)_u V$ud rhS>¡sp b_u lsu. `„Åb_u V$ud¡ klp_u 115 (55 bp¡gdp„

10 Qp¡ÁNp A_¡ 8 R>ÁNp kp\¡) f__u cìe Bt_ÁT kp\¡ 20 Ap¡hfdp„ Qpf rhL$¡V$_p cp¡N¡

199 f_ b_pìep lsp. S>¡_p S>hpbdp„ L$p¡gL$sp V$ud¡ d_uj `p„X$¡_p 50 bp¡gdp„ 94 f_ (7

Qp¡ÁNp A_¡ 6 R>ÁNp)_p klpf¡ 19.3 Ap¡hfdp„ 7 rhL$¡V$ Nydphu_¡ 200 f_ L$fhp kp\¡

rhS>¡sp \ep lsp.

kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ 3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_p kv$1cph_p v|$s b_phpep

ÅÞeyApfu-a¡b°yApfu f01`dp„ L$¡fm Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \_pf 3`dp„ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_p kv$1cph_p v|$s sfuL$¡

krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_¡ f7 d¡ _p fp¡S> Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep. s¡dS> L$¡fm_p dy¿ed„Óu Ap¡dp_ Qp„X$u Üpfp cpfsue

ky`f guN ayV$bp¡g V$|_p®d¡ÞV$dp„ krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f_u dprgL$u_u L$p¡ÃQu ä¡ÞQpBTu V$ud_p _pd_u Op¡jZp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu. S>¡_¡ "L$¡fm ågpõV$k® ayV$bp¡g L$gb'_pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìey.

è fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_p¡ âpf„c B.k.19f0dp„ Ap¡g„rç`L$ Ap„v$p¡g_ A„sN®s \ep¡ lsp¡. fpô2$ue M¡g cpfsue

Ap¡g„rç`L$ M¡g ê$`¡ hj® 19f4 \u âÐe¡L$ b¡ hj£ Apep¡rS>s \sp lsp A_¡ â\dhpf B.k.1940dp„

dy„bB Mps¡ s¡_¡ fpô2$ue M¡g_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âpá \ep¡ lsp¡.

è ApTpv$u bpv$ â\d fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ B.k.1948dp„ DÑfâv$¡i_p gM_D Mps¡ \ey lsy.

è L$¡fmdp„ buÆhpf fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey R>¡. A¡ `l¡gp B.k.1987dp„ f7dp„ fpô2$ue M¡g

rsê$h_„s`yfd, L$p¡TuL$p¡X$, Agpà`yTp, L$p¡qÃQ, rÓiyf A_¡ L$p¡ëgd Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s \ep lsp.

è `pR>gp b¡ fpô2$ue M¡gp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ hj® f007dp„ fp„Qu A_¡ f011dp„ Np¥lpsu Mps¡ \ey lsy.

(1) fp ̧_u Ap¡ kyrghp_ : hj®_p rhð õ_|L$f M¡gpX$u

(f) fp ̧_u Ap ̧ kyrghp_ : a¡Þk àg¡ef Ap ̧a ^ ef

(3) qX„$N Sy>Þly : hj®_p õ_|L$f g¡ML$

(4) dpL$® i¡ëbu : `fap¡d®k Ap ̧a ^ ef

(`) dpL®$ i¡ëbu : d¡rS>L$ dyhd¢V$ Ap ̧a ^ ef

(6) X$¡r_k V$pegf A_¡ : lp ̧g Ap ̧a ä¡d

ragL$ \p¡fb_®

Page 24 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 24

`p¡rgep¡ hpefk `f r_e„ÓZ

L$fhpdp„ r_óam fl¡_pf `pqL$õsp_

L$¥dê$_ A_¡ kuqfep v$¡i_p

_pNqfL$p¡_¡ rhïh Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_

Üpfp rhv$¡iepÓp `f ârsb„^

dyL$hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ s¡dp„ Ad|L$ ifsp¡ kp\¡ Ry>V$R>pV$$ A`pB R>¡. _hp r_ed

âdpZ¡ s¡dZ¡ rhv$¡i epÓp `l¡gp `p¡rgep¡_u v$hp `uhu `X$i¡ A_¡ Å¡ epÓuAp¡

Qpf kápl\u h^y kde ky^u rhv$¡iepÓpA¡ S>i¡ sp¡ s¡dZ¡ `p¡rgep¡_u v$hp

`u^u lp¡hp_y„ âdpZ`Ó Ap`hy `X$i¡. cpfs¡ `pqL$õsp_ v$¡i `f Ap âL$pf_y

r_e„ÓZ dpQ® f014dp„ S> gNphu qv$^y lsy.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp fQpe¡gu f1 kv$õep¡_u

krdrsA¡ Ap v$¡ip¡ `f ârsb„^ gNphhp_u cgpdZ L$fu lsu.

rhð Apfp¡Áe k„NW$_ Üpfp

`pqL$õsp_, L$¥dê$_ A_¡

kuqfep epÓp `f âqsb„^

Qu_ v$¡i Üpfp AQ„bpdp„ dyL$u v$¡ s¡hu A¡L$ ep¡S>_p `f L$pe® Qpgu füy R>¡. Qu_ 13 lÅf qL$gp¡duV$f g„bpB

^fphsu friep, AgpõL$p, L$¡_¡X$p \B_¡ Ad¡qfL$p ky^u S>su f¡gh¡ gpB_ b_phu_¡ s¡_p `f 3`0 qL$.du. ârs

L$gpL$_u TX$` ^fphsu byg¡V$ V2$¡_ Qgphhp dpN¡ R>¡. Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$ ApLpf `pdu_¡ kam \pe sp¡ Qu_\u

Ad¡qfL$p dpÓ 48 L$gpL$dp„ `lp¢Qu iL$pi¡.

Qu__p Ar^L$pfuL$ duqX$epdp„ v$¡i_u A¡qÞS>_ueqf„N AL$pv$du_p kyf„N A_¡ f¡g rhi¡jo h¢N d¡Áe| Üpfp

S>Zpìep dyS>b âõsprhs f¡g gpB_ Qu__p `|hp£Ñf n¡Ó\u iê$ \i¡ A_¡ friep_p `|h® kpBb¡qfep,

b¡qf„N_u Mp„X$u, AgpõL$p, L$¡_¡X$p \B_¡ Ad¡qfL$p ky^u `lp¢Qi¡. b¡qf„N S>mn¡Ó_p kdyÖdp„ _uQ¡ f00

qL$gp¡duV$f gp„bu kyf„N b_phhpdp„ Aphi¡. friep `Z Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$ `f L$¡V$gpL$ kde\u rhQpf L$fu füy R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Qu__¡ çep„dpf, gpAp¡k, rhA¡s_pd, L„$bp¡qX$ep, \pBg¡ÞX$, dg¡riep A_¡ tkNp`yf

kp\¡ Å¡X$su V2$p„k A¡rie_ f¡gh¡ _¡V$hL®$_y„ L$pe® V|„$L$ kdedp„ iê$ \B füy R>¡.

"âp¡S>¡L$V$ Qu_-friep-àgk Ad¡qfL$p gpB_'

1f0 qL$gp¡duV$f ârs L$gpL$_u faspf\u Qpgsu V2$¡_p¡ dpV$¡ Qu_dp„ khp®r^L$ JQpB `f qõ\s

kyf„N_y„ L$pe® hj® f009dp„ iê$ \ey lsy. Ap kyf„N 3607.4 duV$f_u JQpBA¡ Ly$g 16.3

qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gu g„bpB ^fphsu b_phhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡_u iê$Aps 1 d¡ _p fp¡S> \B QyL$u R>¡.

Ap kyf„N NpÞk| A_¡ qTrS>ep„N âp„s_¡ Å¡X$¡ R>¡. S>¡ qL$rge_ `h®sdp„\u `kpf \pe R>¡.

Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, s¡l„N kyf„N (f7.8 qL$.du.) s\p hyiAp¡tgN kyf„N (f1.` qL$.du.) Qu_

Mps¡ Aph¡gu R>¡. S>¡ vy$r_epdp„ 3⁄4$di `p„Qdy A_¡ _hdy kp¥\u h^y g„bpB ^fphsu f¡g kyf„N sfuL$¡

ÅZusu R>¡.

TX$`u Nrs_u f¡gh¡ V2$¡_ k¡hp dpV$¡ rhð_u kp¥\u JQpB `f_u kyf„N Qu_ Mps¡ iê$ \B

Ad¡qfL$p_p V$¡L$kpk fpS>e_p BfthN il¡fdp„

Ap„^°âv$¡i Mps¡ b_¡gu 7 ayV$ gp„bu A_¡ 30 HQ

`lp¡mpB ^fphsu A¡L$ `|Z® L$v$_u `|.dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ_u

L$p„õe ârsdp 6 ayV$ JQp àg¡V$ap¡d® `f õ\pr`s L$fhpdp„

Aphi¡. S>¡_u `pR>m N°¡_pBV$_u A¡L$ qv$hpg b_phhpdp„

Aphi¡. S>¡_p `f Np„^uÆ_p k„v$¡i_¡ A„qL$s L$fhpdp„

Aphi¡. Ap S> qv$hpg `f dpqV®$_ ëe|\f qL„$N S|>q_ef,

_¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp, ApëbV®$ ApBõV$pB_, fpô2$`rs bfpL$

Ap¡bpdp_p AhsfZp¡ gMhpdp„ Aphi¡. Bfqh„N_p

\p¡dk S>¡afk_ `pL®$dp„ rigpÞepk `Z ep¡ÅB Nep¡ R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_p BfthN

il¡fdp„ dlpÐdp

Np„^uÆ_u L$p„õe

ârsdp dyL$pi¡ rb°V$__u fp¡eg _p¥k¡_p `_Xy$åbu k¡hp_p 110 hj®_p Brslpkdp„ â\dhpf ÓZ

drlgpAp¡_¡ kbdfu_ k¡hpdp„ cfsu L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. ` d¡ _p fp¡S> r_dZ|„L$ `pd¡gp

Ap drlgp Ar^L$pfuAp¡dp„ g¡aV$_„V$ d¥qL$k_ õV$uëk, Ag¡L$k Ap¡ëk_ A_¡ `¡Þ_u

W$pL$f¡ kpd¡g R>¡. L$¡V$gpL$ drl_p_p rhi¡j ârinZ A_¡ kMs dl¡_s bpv$ Ap ÓZ¡

drlgp Ar^L$pfuAp¡_¡ "X$p¡[ëa_ b¡S>' Ap`hpdp„ Apìep. Ap `l¡gp Ap ârinZ dpÓ

`yê$jp¡ S> g¡sp lsp.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, f0 hj® `l¡gp ky^u drlgpAp¡_¡ dpÓ S>lpS>dp„ L$pd L$fhp_u

A_ydrs lsu `f„sy hj® f011dp„ fnp krQh rarg` l¡d„X$¡ kbdqf_dp„ dqlgpAp¡_¡

k¡hp Ap`hp_p¡ gpN¡gp¡ âqsb„^ v|$f L$ep£ lsp¡.

rb°V$__u fp¡eg _p¥k¡_p

`_Xy$åbu k¡hpdp„ â\dhpf

drlgp Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u r_e|qL$s

`_pdp v$¡i_p D`fpô2$`rs s\p rh`nu

_¡sp fl¡gp `_prdõsp `pV$}_p Dd¡v$hpf

L$pgp£k hpf¡gp ` d¡ _p fp¡S> Q|„V$pB Apìep R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ 1 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> fpô2$`rs `v$¡ i`\

N°lZ L$fi¡.

L$pgp£k hpf¡gp_¡ Qy„V$Zudp„ 39.1f% ds

s\p s¡d_p ârsõ`^} kÑp^pfu X$¡dp¡3⁄4$¡qV$L$

Q¢S> `pV$}_p Dd¡v$hpf Å¡k X$p¡tdNp¡

A¡qfepk_¡ 3f.70% ds âpá \ep lsp.

Å¡k X$p¡tdNp¡ A¡qfepk_¡ hs®dp_ fpô2$`rs

qfL$pX$p£ dprs®g¡_u_„y kd\®_ lsy.

`_pdp v$¡i_p

fpô2$`rs `v$_u

Q|„V$Zudp„ L$pgp£k

hpf¡gp_¡ blydsu v$.ApräL$p_p Å¡lp„kbN® Mps¡

fl¡sp ð¡s v$rnZu ApräL$uAp¡ `pL®$

dp¡f kdyv$pe kpd¡ 8 hj®_u gX$pB

bpv$ il¡f âipk_¡ 1 d¡ _p fp¡S>

`yÅ dpV$¡ A¡L$ `yZ® Nyê$Üpfp

r_dp®Z L$fhp_u A_ydrs Ap`u R>¡.

S>¡ S>p¡lp„kbN®_p¡ â\d Nyê$Üpfp

li¡. "^ `pL®$dp¡f f¡ÆX$¢V$

A¡kp¡rkA¡i__p il¡fdp„ Nyê$Üpfp

r_dp®Z dpV$¡ ê$L$phV$_¡ L$pfZ¡

Aõ\pBê$`¡ Nyê$Üpfp iê$ lsy.

`pL®$dp¡f kdyv$pe_p¡ Apfp¡` lsp¡ L$¡ Ap c|rd `f A¡L$ dL$p_ b_phhp_y lsy `f„sy

bpv$dp„ `yÅ õ\m sfuL$¡ s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \ep¡ lsp¡. Nyê$Üpfp dpV$¡ ApräL$p_p qkM

h¡`pfu lfrh„v$f k¡W$uA¡ c|duv$p_ Apàey R>¡.

Å¡

lp

„

kbN

®

Mps

¡

b_i¡

â\d Nyê$Üpfp

ü

ü Å`p_dp„ lp¡L$L$pX$p¡ A_¡ lp¡Þi| V$p`y_¡ Å¡X$su ÐkyNyê$ S>mdê$õ\m hÃQ¡\u `kpf \su k¡L$_ kyf„N

vy$r_ep_u (`3.8` qL$.du.) kp¥\u gp„bu A_¡ JX$u f¡g kyf„N R>¡.

ü rb°V$_ A_¡ äp„k_u kudpAp¡ `f qõ\s HÁgui Q¡_gdp„ vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u gp„bu `pZu_u A„v$f

Q¡_g kyf„N (`0.` qL$.du.) Aph¡gu R>¡, S>¡ ap ̧ëL$¡õV$_¡ (rb°V$_)_¡ ^ L$g¥k (äp„k) kp\¡ Å¡X$¡ R>¡.

ü S>çd|-L$pídufdp„ br_lpg-L$pÆNy„X$ f¡gh¡ gpB_ `f `uf `„Åg `h®s î¡Zudp„\u `kpf \su f¡gh¡

kyf„N 11 qL$.du. g„bpB ^fph¡ R>¡. S>¡ cpfs_u kp¥\u h^y g„bpB ^fphsu kyf„N R>¡.

AÞe dy¿e kyf„Np¡

gurbep_p ÅZusp h¡`pfu Aldv$ d¥suL$_u k„kv$

Üpfp 4 d¡ _p fp¡S> gurbep_p _hp hX$pâ^p_ sfuL$¡

`k„v$Nu \B R>¡. hX$pâ^p_ `v$ dpV$¡ \e¡gu Qy„V$Zudp„

â\dhpf_p dsv$p_dp„ 1f0 ds_u AphíeL$sp kpd¡

113 dmsp afuhpf Q|„V$Zu ep¡ÅB lsu. k„kv$ Üpfp

afuhpf dsv$p_ \sp S>ê$fu ds dmu S>sp Aldv$ d¥rsL$

hX$pâ^p_ b_u Nep R>¡.

gurbep_p hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ Aldv$ d

¥

suL$

kuqfep dpdg¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$_p rhi¡jv|$s gMv$f

b°prldu Üpfp `p¡sp_p `v$ `f\u 14 d¡ _p fp¡S> `p¡sp_y

fpÆ_pdy k„eyL$s fpô2$ dlpkrQh bp_ L$u d|__¡ kp¢`hpdp„

Apìey R>¡.

fpÆ_pdy Ap`hp_y L$pfZ kuqfep_u Ap„sqfL$ ê$`¡

bNX$¡gu lpgs lp¡hp_y s¡d_p Üpfp S>Zphpey R>¡.

k

„

eyL$s fpô2$_p rhi¡

j v|$s_y

„

fpÆ_pdy

Page 25 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 25

BTfpe¡g v$¡i_p 3⁄4$ddp„ 1fdp„ A_¡ hj® f006\u f009 ky^u hX$pâ^p_

fl¡gp A¡l|v$ Ap¡gdpV®$_¡ s¡g Ahuh rS>‰p Av$pgs Üpfp c°ô$pQpf_p Apfp¡`kf

13 d¡ _p fp¡S> 6 hj®_u S>¡g_u kS>p afdphpB R>¡. s¡dS> f,90,000 Ad¡qfL$u

X$p ̧gf_p¡ v„$X$ aV$L$pep£ R>¡.

B.k.194`dp„ S>Þd¡gp Al|v$ A¡gdpV®$ ìehkpe¡ fpS>_urso A_¡ hqL$g R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ "L$v$udp' _pd_p `n kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hj® 1993 \u f003

v$fqdep_ S>¡ê$kg¡d_p d¡ef `v$¡ fl¡hp kde¡ lp¡gug¡ÞX$ `pL®$_p r_dp®spAp¡_u dv$v$

L$fhp bv$g 1,60,000 Ad¡qfL$u X$p ̧gf_u gp„Q g¡hp dpV$¡ v$p¡rjs L$ep® lsp.

`pqL$õsp_¡ V|„L$p A„sf_y„ k`pV$u `f\u k`pV$u `f hpf L$fhp knd rdkpBg lÐa-3 (NT_hu)_y„ kam `qfnZ 8 d¡ _p

fp¡S> L$ey® lsy. Ap rdkpBg f90 qL$gp¡duV$f_p A„sf ky^u `fdpÏ A_¡ `pf„`pqfL$ Apey^ \B S>hp knd R>¡. b¡g¡qõV$L$

rdkpBg A¡hp lÐa-3 _y„ Ap `l¡gp ff A¡râg¡ `Z kam `qfnZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.

rdkpBg lÐa-3 (NT_hu)_y

„

`pqL$õsp_ Üpfp kam `qfnZ

BTfpeg_p `|h® hX$pâ^p_

A¡l|v$ Ap¡gdpV®$_¡ c°ô$pQpf_p

Apfp¡` kbb 6 hj® S>¡g Ad¡qfL$u ku_¡V$ Üpfp cpfsue d|m ^fphsp Ad¡qfL$u _pNqfL$ BqÞv$fp sghp_u_¡ d¡k¡Ãe|k¡V$1k Mps¡

a¡X$fg Þepep^ui_p `v$ `f r_dZ|„L$ dpV$¡ 13 d¡ _p fp¡S> d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap d„S|>fu kp\¡

s¡Ap¡ d¡k¡Ãe|k¡V$1k A_¡ aõV®$ kqL®$V$dp„ Þepep^ui `v$¡ k¡hp Ap`_pf A¡qiepB d|m_p â\d _pNqfL$ bÞep

R>¡. A_¡ v$¡idp„\u v$rnZ A¡riepB d|m ^fphsp buÅ drlgp Þepep^ui R>¡.

lph®X®$ L$p¡g¡S>dp„\u B.k.198fdp„ õ_psL$ \_pf BqÞv$fp sghp_uA¡ hj® 1988dp„ bpfL$g¡ õL|$g Ap ̧a

gp ̧, L$¡rgap¡r_®ep e|r_hrk®V$udp„\u L$p_|_dp„ X$p ̧L$V$f¡V$ L$ey® R>¡.

d

¡k¡Ãe|k¡V$1

k a¡

X$fg Þepep^ui `v$¡ BqÞv$fp sghp_u

AÏ iqL$s\u k„`Þ_ A_¡ k„eyL$s fpô2$ kyfnp `qfjv$_p kv$õe A¡hp Ad¡qfL$p, friep, Qu_,

rb°V$_ A_¡ äp„k Üpfp 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> Þe|ep¡L®$ Mps¡ dÂe A¡riepB `fdpÏ lr\epf dyL$s k¡hp n¡Ó k„r^

âp¡V$p¡L$p¡g `f lõÐppnf \ep lsp. S>¡_p¡ l¡sy A¡S>ÞX$pdp„ `p„Q L$¡qÞÖe A¡qiepB v$¡ip¡ L$TpMõsp_,

qL$qN®õsp_, srS>qL$õsp_, syL®$d¡r_õsp_ A_¡ DTb¡qL$õsp_dp„ A¡L$ `fdpÏ dyL$s n¡Ó_y„ r_dp®Z

L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡.

k„eyL$s fpô2$ kyfnp `qfjv$_p `p„Q¡ kv$õe v$¡ip¡A¡ Ap dÂe A¡riepB v$¡ip¡_p fpS>e n¡Óp¡ `f

`fdpÏ lr\epfp¡_p DÐ`pv$_ Mfuv$u A_¡ r_e|qL$s `f ârsb„^ gNphhp klds \B Nep R>¡. Ap

âp¡V$p¡L$p¡g `fdpÏ DÅ®_p ip„rs`|Z® D`ep¡N `f ârsb„^ gNphsp¡ _\u.

ìep`L$ fus¡ klep¡N A_¡ kdS|>rs_¡ dS>b|su âv$p_ L$fhp A_¡ Qu_u-ApräL$u v$¡ip¡ hÃQ¡_p

qÜ`nue k„b„^p¡_¡ A¡L$ _hu JQpB Ap`hp Qu__p hX$pâ^p_ gu L$¡qL$ep„N_p¡ Ap âhpk A¡L$ _hu_

âL$pf_u fZ_ursL$ cpNuv$pfu_p k`_p_¡ kpL$pf L$fhp dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z® lsp¡. S>¡dp„ ìep`pf A_¡

rhL$pk V$p¡Q_p¡ A¡S>ÞX$p lsp¡.

Ap epÓp_p¡ kde M|b S> dlÐh`|Z® R>¡. `0 hj® `l¡gp c|s`|h® Qu_u hX$pâ^p_ Ty B_gpB Üpfp

ApräL$p_p¡ âhpk \ep¡ lsp¡. gu L$¡qL$ep„N_u Ap epÓp gp„bp A_¡ D`ep¡Nu k„b„^p¡ õ\p`hp dpBg_p¡

`Õ\f kpbus \i¡. AÐepf ky^u ApräL$p A_¡ Qu_ hÃQ¡ f10 rbrge_ X$p ̧gf_p¡ h¡`pf \sp¡ lsp¡.

S>¡ B.k.1960_p dyL$pbg¡ f000 NZp¡ h^y R>¡. ApNpdu `p„Q hj® bpv$ Qu_ ApräL$p_y„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy$

ìep`pqfL$ cpNuv$pf li¡. rkhpe Qu_ ApräL$pdp„ byq_epv$u k¡hpAp¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp f70 S>¡V$gp

âp¡N°pdp¡_¡ `Z kd\®_ Ap`i¡.

Qu__p hX$pâ^p_ gu L$¡L$uep

„

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¡

ApräL$p âhpk

ApräL$p M„X$_p B\p¡r`ep, _pBÆqfep, A„Np¡gp

A_¡ L$¡Þep_p¡ ApW$ qv$hkue âhpk Qu__p

hX$pâ^p_ gu L$¡L$uep„N¡ 11 d¡ _p fp¡S> `|Z® L$ep£ lsp¡.

B.k.f013dp„ hX$pâ^p_ `v$ k„cpýep bpv$ s¡d_p¡

ApräL$p_p¡ â\d âhpk lsp¡. epÓp v$fqdep_ Qu_

A_¡ D`fp¡L$s v$¡ip¡ hÃQ¡ _pZp„, h¡`pf A_¡ k„õL©$rs

S>¡hp rhrh^ n¡Óp¡dp„ kdS|>rsAp¡ \B s¡dS> L$¡Þep_u

fpS>^p_u _¥fp¡bu_¡ `|h} b„v$f dp¡çbpkp kp\¡ Å¡X$hp

610 qL$gp¡duV$f gp„bu f¡gh¡ gpB__p r_dp®Z

k„b„^u kdS|>rs `f lõspnf \ep lsp.

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rhfp¡^u dyrgep Þepdp¡i¡ÞL$p¡_¡ `fpÆs L$ep® bpv$ s¡dS> õhp¡bp¡X$p `pV$}_p Dd¡v$hpf kp¡g„N

ÐeprNÞbyL$ A_A¡ fpBV$ k¡L$V$f `pV$}_p Dd¡v$hpf vrdqÓ epfp¡i `Z `fpÆs \ep lsp.

ey3⁄4$¡__p Qy„V$Zu`„Q_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf e|3⁄4$¡__u 60 % S>_spA¡ fpô2$`rs_u Qy„V$Zudp„

`p¡sp_p dspr^L$pf_p¡ âep¡N L$ep£ lsp¡. B.k.f010dp„ \e¡gu Qy„V$Zudp„ 67% dsv$p_

\ey lsy. Å¡ L$¡ s¡ kde¡ 3⁄4uq$dep e|3⁄4$¡__p¡ A¡L$ rlõkp¡ lsy.

48 hrj®e `¡V2$p¡ `p¡fp¡i¡ÞL$p¡ A¡L$ rdscpju h¡`pfu R>¡ S>¡_¡ e|3⁄4$¡_dp„ kpdpÞe fus¡

"Qp¡L$g¡V$ qL„$N' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ fp¡i_ _pd_u A¡L$ L„$`_u Qgph¡ R>¡. S>¡

e|fp¡`dp„ Qp¡L$g¡V$ A_¡ L$Þa¡L$i_fu_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u DÐ`pv$_ L„$`_u R>¡.

`¡V2$p¡ `p¡V$p¡i¡ÞL$p¡A¡ v$¡i_p fpS>_ursL$ rhcpS>_ v$frdep__p b„_¡ `np¡dp„ L$pe® L$ey® R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ rhL$V$f eyiyQ¡ÞL$p¡_p âp¡.h¡õV_®, â¡rkX$¢ku_p kde¡ rhv$¡i d„Óu A_¡ ep_yL$p¡rhQ_p

kde¡ _pZp„d„Óu lsp. Å¡ L$¡ _h¡çbf f013dp„ ep_yL$p¡rhQ Üpfp e|fp¡`ue k„O_u kp\¡

kdS|>su dpV$¡ Lfpf L$$fhp BÞL$pf \ep bpv$ âv$i®_L$pfuAp¡ kp\¡ Å¡X$pB Nep lsp. s¡d_u

`pk¡ `p¡sp_u L$p¡B fpS>_ursL$ `pV$} _\u `f„sy s¡dZ¡ bp¡qL$k„N Q¡qç`e_ huV$¥gu

qL$ëV$Qp¡õL$p¡ kp\¡ NW$b„^_ L$ey® R>¡.

`¡V2$p¡ `p¡fp¡i¡ÞL$p¡

dÂe A¡riepB `fdpÏ lr\epf dyL$s k¡hp

n¡Ó k„r^ âp¡V$p¡L$p¡g `f `p„Q v$¡ip¡_p lõspnf

âhpk_y„ rhïg¡jZ ::

10 hj® `l¡gp _pBÆqfepdp„ BõgprdL$ AgNphhpv$uAp¡ Üpfp

b_phpe¡gy k„NW$_ bp¡L$p¡$ lfpd DÑfu _pBÆqfepdp„ `©\L$

BõgprdL$ v$¡i_u dp„N L$fu füy R>¡. S>¡ A¡L$ dy[õgd blyds rhõspf

R>¡. 14 A¡râg 2014_p fp¡S> 276 S>¡V$gu õL|$gu rhÛp\}_uAp¡_y„

A`lfZ A_¡ bpv$dp„ L$¡V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡_u tlkp kp\¡ Ap k„NW$_

h¡[ðL$ QQp®dp„ Apìey lsy.

k„eyL$s fpô2 kyfnp `qfjv$_u Ag L$pev$p ârsb„^ L$rdqV$ Üpfp

bp¡L$p¡ lfpd_¡ 22 d¡ _p fp¡S> Aps„L$u kd|l Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìey

lsy, A¡ kp\¡ k„NW$__u k„`rÑ S>á L$fhp \sp s¡_u kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp

gp¡L$p¡_p qhv$¡i âhpk_¡ `Z ârsb„r^s L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

k

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rhð X$p¡t`N rhfp¡^u A¡S>Þku(hpX$p) Üpfp 18 d¡ _p

fp¡S> Æ__(XE) A_¡ Ap¡N®_ (Ar) b¡ _p¡bg N¡k_¡

ârsb„r^s `v$p\p¡®_u k|Qudp„ kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Ap b„_¡

N¡kp¡_¡ A¡hp v$phpAp¡ kp\¡ â°rsb„r^s L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ L$¡,

A¡\guV$ Ah¥^ ê$`¡ âv$i®__¡ h^pfhp dpV$¡ ðpk_p dpÝed\u

N¡k_p¡ h`fpi L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. h¥opr_L$ AÝee_ A_ykpf Ap

N¡kp¡dp„ f1⁄4sdp„ dmu Aphsp lp¡dp£_

A¡qf\°p¡`p¡BV$u_(B.`u.Ap¡.)_p õsfdp„ L©$qÓd ê$`\u h©[Ý^

L$fhp_u iqL$s R>¡. S>¡ hpX$p_p r_edp¡ `°dpZ¡ ârsb„r^s R>¡.

rhð X$p¡t`N rhfp¡^u A¡S>Þku

_¡i_g Äep¡N°praL$ bu ârshj® Apep¡rS>s L$fhpdp„ Aphsu A¡L$ c|Np¡m ârsep¡rNsp R>¡, S>¡_u

iê$Aps B.k. 1989dp„ \B lsu.

cpfsue d|m_p Ad¡qfL$u rhÛp\u® AqMg f¡Ly$g`¡ëguA¡ Ap ârsep¡rNspdp„ rhS>¡sp \B_¡

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Page 26 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 26

fpS>õ\p__p Aghf rS>‰pdp„ Aph¡gy kpqfõL$p hpO k„fnZ n¡Ó¡ A¡L$ fpô2$ue `pL®$ R>¡.

B.k.19``dp„ hÞeÆh k„frns n¡Ó s\p B.k.1978dp„ "âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf' ep¡S>_p A„sN®s hpO

k„frns n¡Ó Op¡rjs \ey lsy. 866 hN® qL$gp¡duV$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gy Ap `pL®$ Afphgu `h®sdpmp_p¡ A¡L$

rlõkp¡ R>¡. S>ep âQyf dpÓpdp„ M_uS> D`gå^ R>¡.

fpô2$ue lqfs Þepepr^L$fZ (A¡_.Æ.V$u.)_u cp¡`pg qõ\s L$¡qÞÖe n¡Ó_u M„X$`uW$ Üpfp f d¡_p

fp¡S> kpqfõL$p hpO k„frns n¡Ó A_¡ kqÞ_L$V$_p S>dy_pNY$ AcepfÎe_p A¡L$ qL$gp¡duV$f_p v$pefpdp„

M__ Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f âqsb„^ gNphhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. A¡_.Æ.V$u. Üpfp 84 âL$pf_p `Õ\fp¡ A_¡

k„N¡dfdf_u MpZp¡dp„ Mp¡v$L$pd `f âqsb„^ gNphpep¡ R>¡. kpqfõL$p n¡Ódp„ Ly$g 61 S>¡V$gp Mp¡v$L$pd

õ\m Aph¡gp R>¡. S>¡dp„ f3 S>¡V$gp ârsfrns n¡Ó A_¡ kqÞ_L$V$ S>d_pNY$ Mps¡ Aph¡gp R>¡.

A¡_.Æ.V$u._p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® v$ugu`tkl A_¡ `u.A¡k. fph_u M„X$`uW$¡ N¡fL$p_|_u M__

Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f fp¡L$ _ gNphu iL$hp bv$g fpS>õ\p_ kfL$pf_u V$uL$p L$fu lsu. (A¡_.Æ.V$u. rhj¡ h^y

dprlsu dpV$¡ L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BqÞX$ep d¡N¡qT__p¡ a¡b°yApfu-f014_p¡ A„L$ hp„Qhp¡)

v$¡i_u khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> A¡q_dg h¡ëaf bp¡X®$ Ap ̧a BqÞX$ep_u A¡L$ AfÆ

`f Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® L$¡.A¡k.fp^pL©$óZ__u AÂensp ^fphsu M„X$`uW$¡ `p¡sp_p QyL$pv$pdp„

v$¡icfdp„ S>ëguL$Ëy$ A_¡ bmv$NpX$p_u v$p¥X$dp„ bmv$p¡_¡ kpd¡g L$fhp `f ârsb„^ gNphu v$u^p¡ R>¡.

A¡ kp\¡ S> khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ Ad|L$ r_ed-isp£ kp\¡ S>ëguL$Ëy$_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$f_pf

srdg_pXy$_p L$p_|__¡ r_fõs L$ep£ R>¡. kp\¡ S> cpfsue k„kv$ Üpfp `iyAp¡_p Ar^L$pfp¡_¡

k„h¡^pr_L$ Ar^L$pf_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ L$fhp_u Apip ìeL$s L$fu lsu. A_¡ kfL$pf A_¡ `iy

L$ëepZ bp¡X$p£_¡ `iyAp¡_¡ A_phíeL$ `uX$p `lp¢Qsu AV$L$phhp ep¡Áe `Ngp g¡hp r_v$£i Apàep¡

lsp¡.

M„X$`uW$_p r_Z®e âdpZ¡ `iyAp¡ krls v$f¡L$ ÆhS„>sy_¡ õhpcprhL$ Nqfdp A_¡ ip„rs`|Z®

fus¡ Æh_ Æhhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ DÑd fus¡ Ar^L$pfp¡_y„ k„fnZ lp¡hy Å¡BA¡.

`iyAp¡_p Ar^L$pfp¡_u kyfnp L$fhu Þepepge_y L$s®ìe R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡, s¡ dp_hu_u syg_pA¡

`p¡sp_u v$¡Mcpm L$fhp knd _\u. `iyAp¡_¡ `Z kçdp_ A_¡ Nrfdp lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p

Ar^L$pfp¡\u s¡d_¡ h„rQs fpMu _ iL$pe.

kpdpÞe fus¡ Ap M¡g srdg_pXy$ A_¡ dlpfpô2$dp„ S> ep¡Åe R>¡ `f„sy khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ Ap

b„_¡ fpS>ep¡ krls v$¡icfdp„ s¡_p `f âqsb„^ gNphu v$u^p¡ R>¡.

S>ëguL$Ëy$ A¡L$ fus¡ bmv$NpX$p_u v$p¥X$ S>¡hu fdsp¡ R>¡. S>¡_y Apep¡S>_ dy¿eÐh¡ dlpfpô2$ A_¡

srdg_pXy$dp„ `p¢Ng_p kde¡ ârshj® ÅÞeyApfu-a¡b°yApfu drl_pdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy lp¡e R>¡.

M¡g v$frdep_ S>ëguL$Ëy$dp„ cpN g¡_pf bmv$p¡ `f AÐepQpf L$fhpdp„ Aphsp lsp. L$¡V$guL$hpf

s¡d_¡ DN° b_phhp v$pê$ `uhfphu s\p s¡d_p k„h¡v$_iug A„Np¡ s\p Ap„Mp¡dp„ dfQp_p¡ `phX$f

_pMhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ bmv$ DN° \B_¡ h^y TX$`¡ v$p¡X$hp gpN¡.

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡.L$¡.`V$_peL$ A_¡ Þeped|rs® hu.Np¡`pg Np¥X$p_u `uW$ Üpfp

16 d¡ _p fp¡S> NyS>fps_p Anf^pd d„qv$f lydgp_p v$f¡L$ R> Apfp¡`u_¡ dyL$s L$fhp_p¡ Apv$¡i A`pep¡ lsp¡. `uW$

Üpfp NyS>fps `p¡guk_u Y$ugu s`pk_¡ Ap^pf b_phu_¡ Ap Apv$¡i A`pep¡ lsp¡.

f4 kàV$¡çbf f00f_p fp¡S> Anf^pd d„qv$f `f \e¡gp Aps„L$u lydgpdp„ 3f gp¡L$p¡ d©Ðey `pçep lsp. S>¡_p

Apfp¡`uAp¡_¡ "`p¡V$p L$p_|_' A„sN®s NyS>fps lpBL$p¡V® Üpfp kÅ \B lsu. S>¡dp„ ÓZ Apfp¡`u Apv$d AS>d¡fu,

ipl rdep Da£ Qp„v$Mp_ A_¡ dyasu Aåvy$g L$e|d_¡ ap„ku s\p dp¡lçdv$ kgud i¡M_¡ Ddf L$¥v$, Aåvy$g rdep

L$pv$fu_¡ 10 hj® Aëspa lyk¡__¡ ` hj®_u kÅ \B lsu. khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp s¡d_¡ dyL$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep

R>¡.

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A„sN®s A¡hu L$p¡B`Z L$pe®hplu L$¡ S>¡dp„ lr\epfp¡ L$¡ rhõap¡V$L$p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \ep¡ lp¡e s\p S>¡dp„ L$p¡B_y„ d©Ðey L$¡

Opeg \ep lp¡e s¡_¡ Aps„L$hpv$u Nrsrhr^ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe A¡hu v$f¡L$ Nrsrhr^ L$¡ S>¡dp„

kph®S>r_L$ k„`rÑ_¡ _yL$ip_ L$fhy, kfL$pfu k¡hpdp„ bp^p Dcu \B lp¡e, v$¡i_u A¡L$sp-AM„X$ussp_¡ Msfp¡

lp¡e s¡hu bpbsp¡ `Z Ap î¡Zudp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

"`p¡V$p L$p_|_' A„sN®s dpÓ i„L$p_p Ap^pf¡ `Z `p¡rgk Üpfp ^f`L$X$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu iL$¡ R>¡. kp\¡ Ap

L$p_|_ A„sN®s `p¡rgk_¡ A¡ Ar^L$pf `Z R>¡ L$¡ s¡ hNf hp¡f„V$¡ L$p¡B_u `Z sgpiu gB iL$¡ R>¡ s\p V$¡guap¡_

s\p AÞe k„Qpf kyrh^pAp¡ `f _Tf fpMu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap L$p_|_ A_ykpf ArceyL$s_¡ ÓZ dpk ky^u

Av$pgsdp„ Apfp¡` `Ó v$pMg L$ep® hNf `Z rlfpksdp„ fpMu iL$pe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u k„`rÑ S>á L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

Anf^pd d„qv$f lydgp_p Apfp¡`uAp¡_¡

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs¡ dyL$s L$ep®

"`p¡V$p L$p_|_' rhjeL$ (Prevention of Terrorism Act.)

S>ëguL$Ëy$ (bmv$NpX$p_u f¡k)dp„ bmv$p¡_¡ kpd¡g

L$fhp `f khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p¡ ârsb„^

S>ëguL$Ëy$/bmv$NpX$u v$p¥X$

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p dy¿e Þepep^ui Apf.A¡d.gp¡Y$p_y„ _¡s©Ðh ^fphsp "L$p¡g¡rS>ed'

Üpfp 14 d¡ _p fp¡S> khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ Þepep^ui_p `v$ dpV$¡ Qpf S>¡V$gp _pdp¡_u

cgpdZ \B R>¡. S>¡dp„ `|h® kp ̧rgrkV$f S>_fg Np¡`pg kyb°dÎed A_¡ fp¡tlNV$_ A¡a.

_qfd_, L$p¡gL$sp lpBL$p¡V®$_p dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® Aê$Z rdîp, Ap¡qX$kp lpBL$p¡V®$_p

dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® Apv$i®Ly$dpf_p Np¡eg _pd kpd¡g R>¡. D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡,

hs®dp_dp„ khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ dy¿e Þepep^ui krls Þepep^uip¡_p Ly$g 30 õhuL©$s `v$

R>¡. S>¡dp„\u ÓZ S>Áep lpgdp„ Mpgu R>¡. Ly$g f7 Þepe^uip¡ `¥L$u dy¿e Þepe^ui krls 6

Þepep^ui hj® f014dp„ k¡hp r_h©s \i¡.

L$p¡g¡rS>ed cpfsue khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_u A¡L$ âdyM r_Zp®eL$ k„õ\p R>¡. S>¡dp„ dy¿e

Þepep^ui_u AÂenspdp„ khp£ÃQ Þepepge_p `p„Q hqf›$ Þepep^ui lp¡e R>¡.

L$p¡g¡rS>ed_p dpÂed\u _hp Þepe^uip¡_u q_dZ|„L$ A_¡ AÞe A^u_õ\ Þepepgep¡_p

Þepep^uip¡ k„b„r^s rhhpv$dp„ r_Z®e g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

cpfsdp„ hL$ugp¡_¡ X$pef¡L$ Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ q_dZ|„L$ L$fhp_u âZpgu _\u, `f„sy

cpfsue k„rh^p_ s¡_u d„S|>fu Ap`¡ R>¡. Np¡`pg kyb°dÎed A_¡ fp¡tlNV$_ agu _fud_ b„_¡

A¡hp ìeqL$s R>¡ L$¡, S>¡d_u cgpdZ hL$ugdp„\u ku^p Þepep^ui b_phhp_u \B lp¡B.

ANpD `Z ApTpv$ cpfs_p Brslpkdp„ â\dhpf B.k.1964dp„ Þeped|rs®

A¡k.A¡d.rkL$fu_¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

S>¡Ap¡ hj® 1973dp„ dy¿e Þepep^ui `v$¡\u k¡hp r_h©Ñ \ep lsp.

Ðepfbpv$ B.k.1971dp„ Þeped|rs® A¡k.hu.fpe s\p B.k.1988dp„ Þeped|rs®

Ly$gv$u`tkl hL$ugdp„\u ku^p Þepep^ui sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s \ep lsp. hs®dp_dp„ cgpdZ

`|h£ A„rsdhpf hL$ugdp„\u X$pef¡L$V$ khp£ÃQ Av$pgsdp„ Þepep^ui b__pf A„qsd

Þepep^ui k„sp¡j l¢NX$¡ lsp. s¡d_u r_dZ|„L$ B.k.1999dp„ \B lsu.

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs Üpfp Þepep^ui_p `v$ dpV$¡

Qpf _pd_u kfL$pf_¡ cgpdZ \B

L$p¡g¡rS>ed

hqL$gdp„\u Þepep^ui ::

A¡_.Æ.V$u. Üpfp kpqfõL$p Mps¡

M__ Nrsrhr^Ap¡ `f âqsb„^

khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® S>¡.A¡k. M¡lf¡ klpfp N©`

k„b„r^s dpdgp_u ky_phZudp„\u d¡ f014dp„ `p¡sp_¡ AgN L$fu v$u^p R>¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Þeped|rs® L$¡.A¡k.fp^pL©$óZ_ A_¡ S>¡.A¡k.M¡lf_u `uW$¡ 4

dpQ® f014_p `p¡sp_p QyL$pv$pdp„ klpfp N©`_p hX$p kyb°sp¡ fpe_¡ S>¡gdp„

dp¡L$ghp_p¡ Apv$¡i Apàep¡ lsp¡. kyb°sp¡ fpe `f fp¡L$pZL$pfp¡_p Apif¡ f0 lÅf

L$fp¡X$\u h^y_u fL$d `fs _l] L$fhp_p¡ Apfp¡` R>¡.

Þeped|rs® S>¡.A¡k.M¡lf¡ klpfp

N©` k„b„r^s dpdgp_u

ky_phZudp„\u `p¡sp_¡ AgN L$ep®

6 \u 14 hj®_p bpmL$p¡_¡ Aq_hpe® A_¡ das rinZ Ap`hp_p¡ rinZ_p¡ Ar^L$pf L$p_|_

(Apf.V$u.B.) gOydsu rinZ k„õ\p_p¡ `f gpN| _tl L$fhp_p¡ Apv$¡i 6 d¡ _p fp¡S> khp£ÃQ

Av$pgs_p dy¿e Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® Apf.A¡d. gp¡Y$p_u AÂensp ^fphsu `p„Q kv$õeue

k„rh^p_ `uW$ Üpfp QyL$pv$p¡ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. `uW$¡ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ Apf.V$u.B. gOydsu

õL|$gp¡dp„ gpNy L$fhp¡ s¡ bpbs k„rh^p__y„ Dëg„O_ R>¡ A_¡ bpL$u_u v$f¡L$ bu_ klpesp âpá

õL|$gp¡ `f Ap L$p_|_ gpN| fl¡i¡.

k„rh^p_ `uW$¡ Apf.V$u.B. L$p_|__¡ `X$L$pf Ap`su gOydsu rinZ k„õ\p_p¡_u AfÆ

qõhL$pfu_¡ hj® f01fdp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gp ÓZ Þepep^uip¡_p QyL$pv$p_¡ fv$1 L$ep¡® lsp¡. S>¡dp„

S>Zpìey lsy„ L$¡, klpesp âpá Aë` k„¿eL$ rinZ k„õ\p_p¡ `f Apf.V$u.B. L$p_|_ gpN| \i¡

A_¡ s¡dZ¡ `Z Nfub rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ f` % S>¡V$gp¡ âh¡i Ap`hp¡ `X$i¡.

Ap k„b„^¡ k„rh^p_ `uW$¡ h^ydp„ S>Zpìey lsy„ L$¡, Aë` k„¿eL$ k„õ\p_p¡ `f Apf.V$u.B.

L$p_|_ gpN| L$fhp\u k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 30(1)_y„ D‰„O_ \i¡. S>¡_p A„sN®s Aë` k„¿eL$

rinZ k„õ\pAp¡_¡ rhi¡j v$fˆ$p¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡.

gOydsu õL|$gp¡ `f Apf.V$u.B. L$p_|_ gpNy

_l] : khp£ÃQ Av$pgs

`y›$ c|rd :

6 d¡ _p fp¡S> khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_u k„h¡^pr_L$ `uW$¡ `p¡sp_p A¡L$ r_Z®edp„

S>Zpìey R>¡ L$¡, hqf›$ _p¡L$fuepsp¡ qhê$Â^ s`pk dpV$¡ ku.bu.ApB._¡ kfL$pf_u

A_ydrs g¡hu S>ê$fu _\u. c°ô$pQpf_p Apfp¡`p¡dp„ s¡d_u kpd¡ s`pk dpV$¡

kfL$pf_u A_ydrs g¡hp k„b„^u L$p_|_ âph^p__¡ AdpÞe A_¡ Ak„h¡^pr_L$

S>Zpìep lsp.

hqf›$ Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u s`pk dpV$¡ ku.bu.ApB. _

¡

kfL$pf_u A_ydsu_u S>ê$f _\u : khp£ÃQ Av$pgs

ÅÞeyApfu f00fdp„ L$p¡gL$sp Mps¡_p Ad¡qfL$_ k¡ÞV$f `f \e¡gp Aps„L$u lydgpdp„ `p„Q `p¡rgk

L$d®Qpfu_p d©Ðey s\p 13 Opeg \ep lsp. S>¡_p Apfp¡`u Apaspb Aldv$ A„kpfu A_¡ dp¡lçdv$ S>dugyv«u_

_prkf_¡ L$p¡gL$Ñp lpBL$p¡V®$ Üpfp ap„ku_u kÅ_p¡ QyL$pv$p¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gp¡ lsp¡. S>¡_¡ cpfs_u khp£ÃQ

Av$pgs_p Þepep^ui Þeped|rs® A¡.L$¡.`V$_peL$ s\p aL$uf dylçdv$ Bb°plud L$guay‰p_u `uW$$¡ ap„ku_u kÅ

f1 d¡ f014_p fp¡S> Ddf L$¥v$dp„ sbv$ug L$fu R>¡. A_¡ Apv$¡i Apàep¡ lsp¡ L$¡, Apaspb A„kpfu d©Ðey ky^u A_¡

dp¡lçdv$ S>dpgyv«u_ dpau hNf Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p 30 hj® ky^u S>¡gdp„ fl¡hy `X$i¡. Þepepge Üpfp b„_¡_¡ i÷

Ar^r_ed_u ^pfp f7(3)_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ v$¡i_u rhê$Â^ eyÂ^ R>¡X$hp krls rhrcÞ_ ^pfpAp¡dp„ v$p¡ju dpÞep lsp.

Ad¡qfL$_ k¡ÞV$f lydgp_p Apfp¡`u_u

kÅ ap„kudp„\u Jdf L$¥v$ sbqv$g

Page 27 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 27

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„$Xy$ sp`dp_ -93.f qX$N°u

e|r_hrk®V$u Ap ̧a V$¡L$kpk_p Bhp_ fprdf¡S>_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ ip¡^L$sp® h¥opr_L$p¡_u V$ud¡ d¡ dpk_p â\d

kápldp„ k|e® S>¡hp A¡L$ _hp spfp "HD 162826'_u ip¡^ \B lp¡hp_y S>Zpìey R>¡. S>¡ Ad¡qfL$p\u

âL$pris \su ip¡^ `qÓL$p "A¡õV2$p¡rarTL$k S>f_g'dp„ âL$pris \B R>¡.

h¥opr_L$p¡_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf "HD 162826'S>¡ fus¡ k|e®_y„ r_dp®Z \ey lsy, s¡ S> fus¡ N¡k, hpv$m,

A_¡ ^|mL$Zp¡ Üpfp bÞey R>¡. s¡ k|e® L$fsp 1` % h^y hS>_v$pf R>¡. A_¡ `©Õhu\u 110 âL$pihj® v|$f

"lfL$e|rgk' spfp d„X$mdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. h¥opr_L$p¡_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf s¡_¡ _fu Ap„M¡ Å¡B iL$psp¡ _\u.

`f„sy vy$fbu__u dv$v$\u r_lpmu iL$pe R>¡. s¡ QdL$sp spfp "h¡Np' _u _ÆL$dp„ R>¡.

ipL$cpÆ A_¡ amp¡_u õV$p¡f¡S> (k„N°l) Ahr^ h^pfhpdp„ dv$v$ê$` \B iL$¡

s¡hy ky`f Ap¡L$kpBX$ qX$kdV$1k (A¡k.Ap¡.X$u.) _pd_p A¢TpBd_u ip¡^

h¥opr_L$ A_¡ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ `qfjv$ Üpfp \B R>¡. Ap A¡„TpBd_u ip¡^

ku.ApB.Apf.-ApB.A¡Q.bu.V$u. (h¥opr_L$ A_¡ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ `qfjv$-

BÞõV$uV1$e|V$ Ap ̧a rldpge_ bpep¡qfkp¡k®$ V$¡1⁄41_p¡gp ̧Æ) Üpfp rldpgeu n¡Ódp„

1000 ayV$\u `Z h^y D„QpBA¡ bfadp„ DNsp `p¡V$¢riA¡‰põV2$p¡kp„Nyr_ep R>p¡X$_p

kh£ v$frdep_ \B lsu.

Super OXide Dismutase A¡ÞTpBd_u ip¡^ k|e® S>¡hp A¡L $ _hp spfp "HD 162826' _u dprlsu dmu

v$rnZ cpfsdp„ `[òdOpV$ Mps¡ Æh h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ "X$p„tkN äp ̧N' _u 14 _hu âÅrsAp¡_u ip¡^ L$fu R>¡.

cpfsue "X$p„tkN äp ̧N' h¥opr_L$ê$`¡ rdq3⁄4$L$gprkX$¡ ê$`¡ ÅZusp R>¡. Ap v$¡X$L$pAp¡_¡ Ap _pd âS>__ dp¥kd

v$frdep_ _f v$¡X$L$p Üpfp rhi¡j fus¡ `N TV$Lp$hhp_u fus_¡ L$pfZ¡ âv$p_ \ey R>¡. AÞe "X$p„tkN äp ̧N'_u

âÅrsAp¡ dÂe Ad¡rfL$p, v$rnZ `|h® A¡riepdp„ dmu Aph¡ R>¡. cpfsue "X$p„rk„N äp¡N' `qfhpf 85 rdrge_ hj®

`l¡gp rhL$rks \ep R>¡.

Ap âÅrsAp¡_„y 1f hj®_p ìep`L$ AÂee_ L$¡fm, srdg_pXy$, L$Zp®V$L$ A_¡ dlpfpô2$ S>¡hp fpS>ep¡dp„ Aph¡gp

`[òdOpV$_p `lpX$p¡dp„ \ey lsy. `qfep¡S>_p_p dy¿e h¥opr_L$ kÐecpdp v$pk buSy> lsp.

hj® f014dp„ Ag_u_p¡ Aphhp_u k„cph_p 6` % h^y R>¡

Ad¡qfL$u S>mhpey `|hp®_ydp_ L$¡ÞÖ Üpfp ` d¡ _p fp¡S> S>Zphpey R>¡ L$¡, dp¥kd bv$gphu _pM_pf Ag_u_p¡ âip„s dlpkpNfdp„ rhL$rks \B iL$¡ R>¡.

`p¡sp_p `|hp®_ydp_dp„ s¡dZ¡ Ag_u_p¡_¡ Ap hj£ `0 \u 6`% h^y lp¡hp_y S>Zphpey R>¡. Ag_u_p¡ `|h} DóZL$V$ub„^ue âip„s n¡Ó_u k`pV$u_p

AkpdpÞe ê$`¡ Nfd \hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ `¡v$p \pe R>¡. S>epf¡ gp _u_p rhjyh©s âip„s n¡Ódp„ AkpdpÞe W„$X$p sp`dp__¡ L$pfZ¡ b_¡ R>¡.

Ag_u_p¡ vy$r_epcf_p dp¥kd_¡ âcprhs L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$rnZ Ad¡qfL$u A_¡ `¡ê$dp„ h^y hfkpv$ \pe R>¡. h^y hfkpv$_¡ L$pfZ¡ `|h® A_¡ `[òd

âip„sn¡Ódp„ ce„L$f vy$óL$pm_u qõ\rs `¡v$p \pe R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgepdp„ L$¡V$guL$hpf rh_piL$pfu ApN `Z gpNu QyL$u R>¡.

`[òd OpV$dp„ v$¡X$L$p_u _hu âÅrs "X$p„tkN äp ̧N' dmu Aphu

_pkp_p h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ N°lp¡_u A„sf MNp¡mue ^|m L$Z_p r_dp®Zdp„

kamsp âpá L$fu R>¡. S>¡_u Ar^L$pfuL$ Op¡jZp 7 d¡ _p fp¡S> _pkp Üpfp L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. Ap rkhpe h¥opr_L$p¡_¡ hpeyd„X$mdp„ "f¡X$ ÅeÞV$ spfp'_u r_dp®Z

âq3⁄4$ep_¡ âep¡Nipmpdp„ r_rd®s L$fhpdp„ kamsp dmu lsu. S>¡ rhi¡j âq3⁄4$ep

A„sN®s hpeyd„X$m_u A„v$f "f¡X$ ÅeÞV$ spfp'_y„ q_dp®Z \ey R>¡, s¡_¡ "L$p¡qõdL$

rkçe|g¡i_ Q¢bf' _pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìey R>¡.

A

„

sfMNp

¡mue ^|m L$Z_p r_dp®Zdp

„

_pkp_

¡ kamsp

v$rnZu ApS>¡®qÞV$_p v$¡i_p qV2$gey il¡f Mps¡ A¡S>¡qX$ep¡ a¡ê$Nyrgep¡ k„N°lpge_p A¡L$ Æhpíd

h¥opr_L$ Å¡k gyBk L$pfhprbX$uA¡ ApS>¡®qÞV$_p_p `pV$pNp¡r_ep n¡Ódp„\u X$pe_p¡kp¡f_y„ rhð_y„

kp¥\u gp„by Æhpíd ip¡^u L$pY$ey R>¡. Ap Æhpíd_u g„bpB 40 duV$f\u `Z h^y R>¡. S>¡ AÐepf

ky^u_p âpá X$pe_p¡kp¡f_p Æhpíddp„ A¡L$ f¡L$p¡X®$ R>¡. Ap Æhpíd A¡L$ _hu âÅrs

V$uV$p_pkp¡f_y„ R>¡. Qpf `N ^fphsp X$pe_p¡kp¡f_u `y„R>X$u A_¡ Nfv$_ gp„bu R>¡. S>¡_y hS>_ 100

V$_ (14 ApräL$u lp\uAp¡ S>¡V$gy) R>¡. Ap `l¡gp ApS>£qÞV$_p_p AS>£fu_p¡kp¡ê$k Mps¡\u dm¡gp

Æhpíd_u g„bpB 36.6 duV$f lsu.

`©Õhu `f L$p¡B kde¡ Ærhs fl¡_pf Ars âpQu_ kÆhp¡_p `qffrns Ahi¡jp¡ L$¡ s¡d_p

Üpfp QË$p_p¡dp„ R>p¡X$hpdp„ Aph¡gu R>p` L$¡, S>¡ `©Õhu_u k`pV$u L$¡ QË$p_p¡_p `X$dp„ kyfrns fus¡

Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ Æhpíd (Æh+Aíd `Ð\f) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Æhpíddp„\u

L$pb®r_L$ rhL$pk_„y âÐen âdpZ dm¡ R>¡. Æhpíd_p AÂee__¡ Æhpíd rhop_ L$¡

"`¥g¡ÞV$p¡gp ̧Æ' L$l¡ R>¡. Æhpíd_¡ A„N°¡Ædp„ ap ̧rkg L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

=

Npe_p R>pZdp„\u `pZu rhL$rks

L$fhp_u sL$_uL$_u ip¡^

Ad¡qfL$p_u rdriN_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p âp ̧a¡kf õV$uh kafd¡_

A_¡ s¡_u V$ud Üpfp d¥L$gp_pl_ Þe|V2$uAÞV$ rkõV$d _pd_u

sL$_uL$ Üpfp Npe_p R>pZdp„\u `pZu_¡ AgN L$fu_¡ õhÃR>

L$fhp_u ip¡^ L$fu R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, Npe_p R>pZdp„ 90 %

S>¡V$gy `pZu lp¡e R>¡.

Sp¡lp_¡k NyV$¡_bN® e|r_hrk®V$u d¥S>_p âp ̧.q3⁄4$õV$p¡a X$gdp__p _¡s©Ðh sm¡ S>d®_u_u

fpS>^p_u brg®__p Æ.A¡k.ApB. A¡L$kg¡f¡V$f âep¡Nipmpdp„ sÐh 117_p `fdpÏ_y„ kS®>_

L$fhpdp„ Apìey. fpkperZL$ Aphs® kpfZu_y 117dy„ sÐh AÐepf ky^u Ahgp¡qL$s kp¥\u cpf¡

`fdpÏ\u d¡m Mpe R>¡. Ap sÐh kukp_p A¡L$ `fdpÏ L$fsp 40 NÏ hS>_v$pf R>¡. Ap

âep¡Ndp„ Ap ̧õV2$¡rgep, Å`p_, _p¡h£, cpfs, ra_g¡ÞX$, `p ̧g¡ÞX$, õhuX$_, qõhV$1Tfg¡ÞX$,

rb°V$_ A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p 16 k„õ\p_p¡_p 7f h¥opr_L$p¡ A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_efp¡_p A¡L$ v$m¡ cpN

qg^p¡ lsp¡.

D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, `fdpÏ k„¿ep 104 bpv$_p fpkperZL$ sÐhp¡_¡ AÐe„s cpf¡ sÐhp¡

L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. AÐe„s cpf¡ sÐh âL©$rsdp„ Å¡hp dmsp _\u.

sÐhp¡_u Aphs® kpfZu, fpkperZL$ sÐhp¡_¡ s¡d_u A„Ns rhi¡jspAp¡ kp\¡ A¡L$

kpfZuê$`¡ v$ip®hhp_u A¡L$ ìehõ\p R>¡. hs®dp_ Aphs® kpfZudp„ lh¡ 117 ops sÐh

kqçdrgs R>¡. frie_ fkpeZ ip÷u d¢X$gua/d¡Þv$¡g¡e¡h Üpfp hj® 1861dp„ Aphs® kpfZu

r_ed âõsys L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

h¥opr_L$p¡ Üpfp Aphs® kpfZu_p 117dp„ sÐh_p AqõsÐh_¡ `y[ô$

Aphs® kpfZu

X$pe_p¡kp¡f_y„ rhðdp„ kp¥\u gp„by Æhpíd dmu Apìey

Æhpíd A¡V$g¡ iy„ ?

A¡rie_ l`£V$p¡gp ̧rS>L$g qfkQ® dp„ âL$pris A¡L$ dprlsu dyS>b Qu_u h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ c|fp r`V$ hpB`f

kp` rldpge_k_u A¡L$ _hu âÅrs_u ip¡^ L$fu R>¡. Ap_yhp„riL$ rhïg¡jL$p¡A¡ âp¡V$p¡bp¡v$fp¡àk

rldpge_k_¡ Ap kp`_u A¡L$ _hu âÅrs ê$`¡ rQ[Þls L$fu R>¡. Ap kp` `l¡gp B.k. 2012dp„

v$rnZu rsåbs õhpeÑ n¡Ódp„ Å¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡_p r_hpkõ\p_ rldpge_p kçdp_dp„ s¡_¡

rldpge_k Ap` Ap`hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. õ\p_uL$ gp¡L$p¡ Ap kp`_¡ rldpge_p¡ `rhÓ r_hpku L$l¡ R>¡.

Np¡m dp\y A_¡ sp„bp S>¡hp f„N_u Ap„Mp¡ ^fphsp¡ rldpge_k Apif¡ 1.5 duV$f gp„bp¡ A_¡ Ap3⁄4$dL$

kfuk©` R>¡. s¡ dp¡V$¡cpN¡ rldpge_p v$rnZu rhcpNdp„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. hs®dp_dp„ âp¡V$p¡bp¡v$fp¡àk hN®dp„

12 dpÞe âÅrsAp¡ R>¡, S>¡dp 7 Qu_dp„ fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp\u L$¡V$gpL$ `lpX$u n¡Óp¡_p JQp õ\p_p¡ `f

fl¡hp_y„ `k„v$ L$f¡ R>¡

Qu_u h¥opr_L$p¡A¡ B.k. 1970\u rsåbsdp„ dpJV$ A¡hf¡õV_p hÞe Æh_ `f kp¥\u dp¡Vy$

h¥opr_L$ AÝee_ Apep¡rS>s L$ey® lsy. AÝee__p A¡L$ A„Nê$`¡ lyBrS>ep__u ApN¡hp_udp„ ip¡^v$m

A_¡ kpD\ QpB_p B[ÞõV$V$1e|V$ Ap ̧a B_X$¢S>X®$ A¡r_dëk_p ip¡^L$sp®Ap¡A¡ Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 2010dp„

`p¡sp_y„ Arcep_ iê$ L$ey® lsy. v$m Üpfp AÐepf ky^udp„$ 32,000 hN® qL$gp¡duV$f_u epÓp \B R>¡

A_¡ dpR>gu_u 8 âÅrsAp¡ krls 499 d¡ê$v„$qX$Ap¡_u dprlsu d¡mhu R>¡.

rldpgedp

„ rldpge_k kp`_u _hu âÅrs dmu Aphu

ip¡^L$sp® v$m rhj¡

hs®dp_ X$peprgqkk diu_ dpÓ heõL$p¡ dpV$¡ L$pe®

L$fsp lsp. S>¡ _p_p bpmL$p¡dp„ âep¡N L$fhp kde¡ M|b

S> S>qV$g S>Zpsp lsp. lh¡ BV$gu_p rhk¢Å _p k¡_

bp¡fp¡V$p¡gp¡ lp¡[õ`V$g [õ\s Ap„sffpô2$ue qL$X$_u

A_yk„^p_ k„õ\p__p âp ̧a¡kf L$gpDqX$e fp¡L$p¡A¡ _p_p

bpmL$p¡ A_¡ b¡ \u 10 qL$gp¡N°pd hS>_ ^fphsp _p_p

riiyAp¡_p BgpS> dpV$¡ A¡L$ _hp qL$X$_u X$peprgrkk

diu__y„ r_dp®Z L$ey® R>¡.

_hÅs riiyAp¡ dpV$¡_p qL$X$_u

X$peprgrkk diu_y„ r_dp®Z

Page 28 of 28

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 28

RNI No.:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331

REGISTERED POSTAL REGISTRATION No. BVR

416/2014-16 RENEWED UP TO 31-12-2016

POSTED AT 10TH OF EVERY MONTH AT TALAJA RMS

Editor-Publisher-Printer-Owner

CHAUHAN KAMLESHKUMAR NANDLALBHAI

Address : Gopnath Road, TALAJA-364 140.Dist : Bhavnagar (Gujarat)

Printed by : Shree Bhagvati Printer,203 Royal Complex, Bhavnagar

COMPET RNI :- GUJGUJ/2013/51331 ITIVE INDIA

i¥nrZL$ Arcep¡Áesp k„v$c£ epv$ fpMhp S>¡hu rhNsp

¡

(1) S>lp¡_ X$eyBA¡ kpdpÆL$ `ep®hfZ_¡ L$¡mhZu_p¡ ÓuÅ¡ ^°yh sfuL$¡ õhuL©$rs Ap`u R>¡.

(f) Ap¥`QpfuL$ L$¡mhZu ipmp-dlpipmpdp„\u âpá \pe R>¡.

(3) Ap¥`QpqfL$ L$¡mhZu kdN° kpdprS>L$ `ep®hfZdp„\u \pe R>¡.

(4) L$¡mhZu_p¡ kpfp„i A¡V$g¡ dp¡n - D`r_jv$

(`) L$¡mhZu A¡V$g¡ ApÐdkpnpÐL$pf - i„L$fpQpe®

(6) cpfsue sÐhtQsL$p¡ õhe„ riõs `f h^pf¡ cpf dyL$¡ R>¡.

(7) "sÐh A¡hy„ rhop_ R>¡ S>¡ `fd sÐh_p e\p\® õhê$`_u Mp¡S> L$f¡ R>¡ : A¡qfõV$p¡V$g

(8) cpfsue sÐhtQs_ b°û, ApÐdp A_¡ kÐe_¡ dlÐh Ap`¡ R>¡.

(9) `píepÐe sÐhtQs_A¡ rhQpf, `v$p\® L$¡ cp¥rsL$sp_¡ dlÐh Ap`¡ R>¡.

(10) L$¡mhZuA¡ sÐhop__u q3⁄4$epÐdL$ bpSy> R>¡, s¡dS> NÐepÐdL$ bpSy> R>¡.

(11) sÐhop_A¡ tQs_pÐdL$ `pky R>¡.

(1f) sÐhop_ rinZ_p kpÂe_¡ r_^p®fus L$f¡ R>¡ - S>lp¡_ X$e|B

(13) i¥nrZL$ kdpS>ip÷u ×[ô$A¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$ `Â^rs, Sy>\QQp® `Â^rs, k¡rd_pf, `qfk„hpv$, kdõep

DL$¡g S>¡hu rinZ `Â^rsAp¡ `°dyM R>¡.

(14) rhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡dp„ fpô2$ue AphL$_p¡ 6% MQ® rinZ `pR>m L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(1`) kdp_sp_p¡ lL$ - L$gd 16 \u 18

(16) õhs„Ósp_p¡ lL$ - L$gd 19 \u ff

(17) k„õL$pqfsp A_¡ rinZ_p¡ lL$L$ : L$gd f9-30

(18) fpô2$ue rinZ_urs-1986A¡ hs®dp_ A_¡ cprh `X$L$pfp¡_¡ `lp¢Qu hmhp_u S>ê$fuepsdp„\u

Dv«ch¡g R>¡.

(19) sÐL$pgu_ qinZ `qfqõ\rsdp„ _L$L$f `qfhs®_p¡ gphhp dpV$¡ rinZ d„Ópge¡ 198`dp„

"rinZ_p¡ `X$L$pf _urs `qfâ¡ÿe' _pd_u `yrõsL$p âNV$ L$fu. Ap `yqõsL$p sÐL$pgu_ hX$pâ^p_

fpÆh Np„^u_p rhQpfp¡_¡ Ap^u_ lsu.

(f0) cpfs kfL$pf¡ 7du d¡ 1990_p fp¡S> qblpf_p ÅZusp khp£v$e L$pe®L$f A_¡ rinZip÷u ApQpe®

fpdd|rs®_p„ AÂen õ\p_¡ fpô2$ue rinZ _urs_u kdunp dpV$¡ A¡L$ L$rdqV$ q_dhpdp„ Aphu.

(f1) Unesco _pd_u k„õ\pA¡ 1991dp„ 1` kæep¡_p Apep¡N_u fQ_p L$fu rhL$pkiug v$¡ip¡_¡

fpô2$ue rinZ_urs_p qhL$pk dpV$¡ dpN®v$i®_ `yê$ `pX$hp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$ep£ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ AÂen X$¡gp¡k®

lsp. S>¡_p¡ Al¡hpg The Treasure within _p _pd¡ B.k.1996dp„ ârkÂ^ \ep¡ S>¡ X$¡gp¡k®

L$rdi_ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpey„ R>¡.

(ff) b„^pfZ_u L$gd _„.4` A_ykpf cpfsdp„ S>Þd¡g 6 \u 14 hj®_u he S|\_p bpmL$_¡ âp\rdL$

rinZ das, afrS>eps A_¡ r_:i|ëL$ Ap`hp_y„ r_ròs L$f¡g R>¡.

(f3) NuSy>cpB b^¡L$pA¡ "ApräL$p_u kaf¡' A_¡ "ApräL$p kp„cey ̄' _pd_p b¡ `yõsL$p¡ g¿ep.

(f4) dp¡ÞV$¡kfu_p gMpZp¡_¡ `rfZpd¡ NuSy>cpB_p Æh_L$pe®dp„ `qfhs®_ Apìey„.

(f`) NuSy>cpB b^¡L$p_u AdfL©$rs "qv$hpõhá'_¡ âp\qdL$ rinZ_u âep¡Nipmp dp_sp lsp.

(f6) spfL$bl¡_ dp¡X$L$¡ riiyrhlpf _pd_u k„õ\p_u õ\p`_p L$fu.

(f7) Ap¡`_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p¡ rhQpf kp¥ â\d HÁg¡ÞX$_p â^p_d„Óu l¡fpëX$ rhëk_¡ 1963dp„ ÁgpkNp¡dp„

Apàep¡.

(f8) k„kv$_p Ar^r_ed A„sN®s cpfsdp„ 198`dp„ BqÞv$fp Np„^u _¡i_g Ap¡`_ e|r_hrk®V$u_p¡ âpf„c

\ep¡. cpfs_p fpS>ep¡ `¥L$u 9 fpS>ep¡dp„ âp\rdL$ cpjpdp„ L$pe® L$fsu Ap¡`_ e|r_hrk®V$u R>¡.

(f9) B.k.1977dp„ i¥nrZL$ Apep¡S>_dp„ âp¥Y$ rinZ_¡ õ\p_ A`pey.

(30) B.k.1977-1979dp„ âp¥Y$ rinZ_u _urs_y„ dpmMy„ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìey„.

(31) f Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 1978dp„ fpô2$ue õsf¡ âp¥Y$ rinZ L$pe®3⁄4$d gpNy `pX$hpdp„ Apìep¡.

(3f) âp¥Y$ qinZ L$pe®3⁄4$d_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_u Apeykudp 1`-3` hj® lsu.

(33) `°p¥Y$ rinZ L$pe®3⁄4$d 1gu A¡râg 1979 \u iê$ \ep¡.

(34) fpô2$ue kpnfsp Aqcep_ ` d¡ B.k.1988\u kfL$pf Üpfp k„Qprgs L$pe®3⁄4$d R>¡. S>¡_u kde

dep®v$p B.k.199` ky^u lsu. Ap kde dep®v$p h^pfu_¡ 1999 ky^u L$fhpdp„ Aphu.

(3`) fpô2$ue kpnfsp Arcep__p¡ dy¿e l¡sy r_fnfsp v|$f L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

(36) âp\rdL$ rinZdp„ âh¡ip¡Ðkh _pd_p¡ L$pe®3⁄4$d NyS>fps fpS>edp„ B.k.1998-99 \u Adgdp„

dyL$pep¡. iê$Apsdp„ b_pkL$p„W$p, `„Qdlpg A_¡ X$p„N rS>‰pdp„ Ap L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ Adgdp„ dyL$pep.

(37) rhÛpgÿdu ep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ B.k.f00f-03 \u L$fu. Ap hj®_¡ L$Þep L$¡mhZu

hj® sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(38) Ap¡`f¡i_ åg¡L$ bp¡X®$_p¡ L$pe®3⁄4$d B.k.1993-94dp„ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡.

(39) S>d®_udp„ d_p¡rhop__u rhð ârkÂ^ â\d d_p¡rhop__u ipmp_u õ\p`_p rhrged hyÞV$ Üpfp

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

(40) B.k.199` \u ndspgnu `pW$e3⁄4$d Adgdp„ dyL$hpdp„ Apìep¡.

(41) B.k.1993_p k„kv$_p ^pfp 73 âdpZ¡ h¥^pr_L$ k„õ\p sfuL$¡ NCTE AqõsÐhdp„ Aphu.

(4f) 17, Ap¡Nô$ 199`_p fp¡S> NCTE k„õ\p_u õ\p`_p \B.

(43) Arc3⁄4$rds AÂe__p¡ rkÂ^p„s bu.A¡a. õL$u_f¡ (19`4)dp„ Apàep¡.

(44) Aqc3⁄4$rds AÂe__p¡ kp¥\u h^pf¡ L$çàe|V$f klpres rinZdp„ \pe R>¡.

(4`) f¥rML$ ArcNd_p âZ¡sp bu.A¡a. õL$u_f R>¡.

(46) âíppMp AqcNd_p âZ¡sp 3⁄4$pDX$f R>¡.

(47) Arc3⁄4$rds AÂe__¡ "_p_p `NgpAp¡ rkÂ^p„s' `Z L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(48) tQs_pÐdL rinZ_p¡ ¿epg X$p¡_pëX$ õL$p¡_¡ Apàep¡. S>¡ õL$p¡_ ip¡L$ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(49) rinZdp„ q3⁄4$epÐdL$ k„ip¡^__p âZ¡sp õV$ua_ L$p¥f R>¡.

(`0) L$¡mhZu_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy "dp_h k„b„^p¡_p¡ qhL$pk' s¡dS> khp ̄Nu rhL$pk_p¡ R>¡.

(`1) L$pfL$ Aqck„^p__p¡ rkÂ^p„s õL$u_f¡ Apàep¡ R>¡.

(`f) ip÷ue Arck„^p__p¡ rkÂ^p„s Bhp_ `¡phgp¡h¡ Appàep¡ R>¡.

(`3) âeÐ_ A_¡ c|g Üpfp AÂee__p¡ rkÂ^p„s \p¡_®X$pBL$¡ Apàep¡.

(`4) kpq_ÂepÐdL$ AÂee__p¡ rkÂ^p„s lg _pd_p d_p¡h¥opr_L$¡ Apàep.

(``) rhÛp\}_y„ hN®M„X$dp„\u Dcp \B_¡ blpf Qpëep S>hy A¡ hs®_hpv$ A_ykpf L$pfL$hs®__y„ Dv$plfZ

R>¡.

(`6) õL$u_f¡ L$pfL$hs®__p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ lsp¡.

(`7) `phgp¡h¡ ârsQpfpÐdL$ hs®_p¡ Ap^prfs `p¡sp_p âep¡Np¡ L$ep®.

(`8) Dv«u`L$_¡ v|$f L$fhy„ A_¡ crhóedp„ A_`¡rns ârsQpf _ dm¡ s¡_¡ _L$pfpÐdL$ ky×qY$L$fZ L$l¡ R>¡.

(`9) hs®_hpv$_u õ\p`_p B.k.1913dp„ S>¡.bu.hp¡V$k_¡ L$fu lsu.

(60) hs®_hpv$u rkÂ^p„s_¡ "Dv«u`L$+âqsQpf' rkÂ^p„s `Z L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(61) rinZ_p rkÂ^p„sp¡dp„ õL$u_f_u dlÐh`|Z® v$¡_ ky×Y$uL$fZ_p kde`ÓL$p¡ R>¡.

(6f) A¡qfL$ A¡qfL$k_ _pd_p d_p¡h¥opr_L$ ¡d_:kpdprS>L$ qhL$pk_p¡ rkÂ^p„s Apàep¡.

(63) op_pÐdL$ rhL$pk_p¡ rkÂ^p„s rS>_ r`epS>¡A¡Apàep¡.

(64) _¥rsL$ rhL$pk_p¡ rkÂ^p„s L$p¡lgbN®¡ Apàep¡.

(6`) AÂe¡sp L$¡ÞÖu rinZ_p¡ ¿epg L$p¡g® fp¡S>k£ Apàep¡. S>¡ rb_qv$ipk|QL$ ArcNs sfuL$¡ `Z

Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(66) ip¡^-AÂee__p¡ rkÂ^p„s S>¡fp¡rd by°_f¡ Apàep¡ R>¡.

(67) kpdprS>L$ AÂee__p¡ rkÂ^p„s _ug B.dugf A_¡ S>lp¡_ X$p¡gpL®$ _pd_p d_p¡h¥opr_L$¡ Apàep¡.

(68) õhL$pe®kp^L$sp_p¡ rkÂ^p„s ApgåV®$ bpÞvy$fp _pd_p d_p¡h¥opr_L$¡ Apàep¡.

(69) A\®`|Z® AÂe__p¡ rkÂ^p„s Ap¡kybg _pd_p d_p¡ h¥opr_L$¡ Apàep¡

(70) dprlsu k„õL$fZ_p rkÂ^p„s_y„ dp¡X$g A¡V$qL$Þk_ A_¡ qira_¡ Apàey.

(71) cpfsue qinZ Bqslpk_p v$õsph¡S> sfuL$¡ "hyX$_p¡ Mfusp¡' L$l¡hpe R>¡.

(7f) l„V$f L$rdi_ (188f-83) cpfsue qinZ L$rdi__p _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(73) fp^pL©$óZ L$qdi_ (1948-49)A¡ e|q_hrk®V$u rinZ `„Q_p _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(74) "Óu cpjp' kyÓ fp^pL©$óZ_ `„Q¡ Apàey lsy„.

(7`) dyv«pguef L$qdi_ A¡ fpô2$ue rinZ_p _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(76) L$p¡W$pfu L$rdi_ A¡ fpô2$ue rinZ `„Q_p _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

(77) cpfsue rinZ Bqslpk_„y d¡‚pL$pV$p® sfuL$¡ L$p¡W$pfu L$rdi__¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(78) cpfs_y„ cprh s¡_p hN®M„X$p¡dp„ ^X$pe füy„ R>¡ - L$p¡W$pfu L$qdi_.

(79) fpô2$ue rinZ_urs-1986 A¡ qinZ_u _uqsAp¡ k„v$c£ 14 cpNdp„ hl¢Qpe¡gp¡ dykv«p¡ R>¡.

(80)hs®dp_ rinZ_u sf¡l 8 +f+f R>¡. A¡ `l¡gp rinZ_u sf¡l 7+3+2 lsu.

(81) kpsdu `„Qhrj®e ep¡S>_p A„sN®s "_hp¡v$e rhÛpge' _p¡ Adg \ep¡.

(8f) k¡hpL$pgu_ L$pe®3⁄4$dp¡ A„N¡_u cgpdZp¡ dpÂerdL$ rinZ `„Q¡ L$fu lsu.

(83) k„eyL$s fpô2$k„O¡ 1979_p hj®_¡ Ap„sffpô$2ue bpmhj® sfuL$¡ Ål¡f L$ey®„.

(84) MHRD_y„ `yê$_pd rdr_õV2$u Ap¡a leyd_ fukp¡k® A¡ÞX$ X$¡hgp¡`d¡ÞV$ R>¡.

(8`) NCERT_y„ `yê$_pd _¡i_g L$pDÞkug Ap¡a A¡S>eyL$¡i_g fukQ® A¡ÞX$ V2$¡t_N R>¡. S>¡_u õ\p`_p

hj® 1961dp„ \B.

(86) NCET_„y `yê$_pd _¡i_g L$pDÞkug Ap¡a V$uQf A¡S>eyL$¡i_

(87) NUEPA_y„ `yê$_pd _¡i_g e|r_hrk®V$u Ap¡a V$uQf A¡S>eyL$¡i_g àgpt_N A¡ÞX$ A¡X$rdr_õV2$¡i_

R>¡.

(88) CTE _y„ `yê$_pd k¡ÞV$f ap¡f V$uQk® A¡S>eyL$¡i_ R>¡.

(89) CCERT_y„ `yê$_d k¡ÞV$f ap¡f L$ëQf A¡S>eyL$¡i_ fuQk® A¡ÞX$ V2$¡t_N R>¡.

(90) GCERT_y„ `yê$_pd NyS>fps L$pDÞkg]N Ap¡a A¡S>eyL$¡i_g A¡ÞX$ V2$¡t_N R>¡.

(91) DP EP_y„ `yê$_pd "qX$õV2$uL$V$ âpedfu A¡S>eL$¡i_g âp¡N°pd R>¡.

(9f) NyS>fps_u kp¥ â\d Apîdipmp B.k.19ffdp„ dufpM¡X$udp„ `„Qdlpg rS>‰pdp„ Apîdipmp

õ\`pe lsu.

(93) Apîdipmp õ\p`hp_y„ î¡e W$L$L$fbp`p_¡ apm¡ R>¡.

(94) dlpfpô2$\u NyS>fps AgN `X$ey R>¡ Ðepf¡ 41 Apîdipmp_u õ\p`_p \B.

(9`) B.k.1970dp„ ey_¡õL$p¡_p b¢NL$p¡L$ Mps¡ hksu rinZ A„N¡ QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

(96) rhÛp\}Ap¡ hN®M„X$dp„ dp¡X$p Aph¡ R>¡. Aphu kdõep dpV$¡ A¡L$ qinL$ sfuL$¡ sdpf¡ hN®M„X$ dpV$¡

q3⁄4$epÐdL$ k„ip¡^_ L$fhy Å¡BA¡.

(97) I.E.D.C. _y„ `yê$ _pd BqÞV$N°¡V$¡X$ A¡S>eyL$¡i_ ap ̧f X$ukA¡bg QpBëX$ R>¡. S>¡ dp_rkL$ fus¡ `R>ps

hN®s_p bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡.

(98) âp¡S>¡L$V$ `Â^rs_¡ A¡L$ `Â^rs

sfuL$¡_y„ _pd rhrged

qL$g`¡V2$uL$ Apàey.

(99) âp¡S>¡L$V$ `Â^rs Älp¡_ X$eyB_p

rkÂ^p„s `f fQpe¡gu R>¡.

(100) kpdprS>L$ õsfuL$fZ_¡

kdpS>_p rhrcß hNp£_p

L$p¡V$u3⁄4$d kp\¡ k„b„^ R>¡.

(101) gp¡L$iplu kdpS>_u âp\rdL$

S>ê$fueps kyqirns _pNqfL$

lp¡hp_u R>¡. A_yk„^p_ `p_p _„.f1 D`f