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INERACTION DESIGN (IoD) FOR THE EMERGING INTERNET OF THING

(IoT)

INTRODUCTION

“MAY YOU LIVE IN INTERESTING TIMES”

We certainly find over selves in the world of difficulties, complexities, ramification and even an

interesting world .The word of gadgets, devices and technology.

WHAT IS INTERNET OF THING (IoT)? But before that what are the words come to our mind when we listen or

read the world “INTERNET” i.e., connection, connect to anyone, anytime, anyplace. The Internet of

Things(IoT)refers to a uniquely traceable gadget and their virtual illustration in Internet –like structure .The

term Internet of Things(IoT) was proposed by Kevin Ashotn in 1999 .Although, the idea of Internet of Things

first became popular through the auto ID centre at MIT and related market analysts publication. Radio

frequency identification (RFID) is often seen as an essential for the Internet of Things. The idea behind this is

,if all the gadgets and humans are fitted with identifiers ,they could be guided ,managed and inventories by

the computer .Beside using RFID, the aim can be achieved through other technologies as near field

communication ,barcodes ,QR codes and digital watermarking .Equipping all the devices in the physical world

could be reframing our daily life .For instance, Tesco is a multinational grocery and general merchandise

retailer like store manager would know products are required and consumed .Once the ability to interact with

devices could be monitored on the computer and can manage the supermarket easily.

The Internet of Thing is a great idea .The idea to connect and manage the world with the help of devices and

gadgets. The thinking reached to that level that , now ,we are living between devices and gadgets .It is

connecting people to the smart world .Smart world which has sensors to share , network and analyses the

information produce . Whereas, in earlier days, there was a bridge between the human world and the digital

world but, because of the thinking of the human increasing day by day, the gap between the physical world

and the digital world is decreasing with in emerging Internet of Thing.

Like there is very famous thought by Albert Einstein: “The World as we have created it is a process of

our thinking .It cannot be changed without our thinking.”

Helen Duce, The Director of the RFID Technology Auto –ID European Center at the University of Cambridge,

created a bold vision of a new RFID –connection world.

INTERCATION DESIGN

In Human Computer Interaction, interaction design is often abbreviated IxD .Interaction Design is all “about

giving a physical form of digital things which can be used by people in their day to day life”. Like any designing

fields, Interaction design is also has an interest in form a device which focus on the reducing the gap between

the physical world and digital world intelligently. Interaction Design is strongly focused on satisfying the needs

of people, solving their problems, make their life easy so the majority of people use the product.

The term Interaction Design was first coined by Bill Moggidge and Bill Verplank in the mild -1980s.

In 1990, Gillian Crampton smith established the computer-related design MA at Royal College of Art (RCA) in

London, which later changed its name to Interaction Design.

Today, Interaction Design is taught in many schools worldwide.

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HISTORY ABOUT THE INVENTIONS IN INTERACTION DESIGN

The long history of use interface spans the decades from the decades from the primitive –card days of the

1950s through the typed command lines of the 1960s, to the familiar windows and icons of today and beyond.

There were many milestones from 1822 till today. The timeline of interface milestones are as follows. Starting

from, Babbage analytical engine in 1822,punched cards in 1950s,command line interface in 1960s,light pen in

1951,Tracking ball in 1952,Mouse in 1963,Graphical user interface in 1980s.The first transparent multi-touch

screen was developed by Bob Boie at bell labs in 1984.In 2000s, Natural user interface is introduced ,which

can sensor the user’s body movements .And now many researches are going on .For instance ,EPSRC

pioneering research and skills started their research on the IDEAL : Intelligent Domestic Energy Advice Loop.

The Five Dimensions of Interaction Design

In Interaction Design, there are five dimensions in which four dimensions were introduced by Gillian

Crampton Smith and fifth was introduced by Kevin Silver.

1d words

This dimension is to define the source of instruction given to the user in the form of words.

2D Visual Representations

The user should interact with the interface .So for that there are one type that is visual representation .The

things are represented by diagrams, flowcharts, pictorial representation and other graphics.

3D Physical objects or spaces

In this dimension, user interact with the interaction design physical .In other words, user interact with device or gadget

or with help of computer.

4D Time

The user interacts with the interface in a particular phase of time because in some interaction designs the time is not

constant, it keeps changing such as the animation, instruction to follow video or sound.

5D Behavior

The behavior defines the bond between the user and interface, like how user reacts and response to it.

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THE DESIGN

Blindness can by birth , from disease or accident .Blind people have to face the challenges

each day .They has face my challenges in every aspect .

ENVIRONMENT

Blind people have a difficult time self-navigating outside environment. In fact, the biggest

challenge is physical movement. Travelling or simply walking down a crowed places pose

great difficulties. As well as blind people has to learn the each and every details of the house

environment . Like the positions of the chairs , table ,stairs and soon .

SOCIAL

Blind people has to face even social challenges ,like in relation to activities in various

activities they cannot participate .Blindness also affect the person’s ability for job ,which

affect a person’s finance ,but also his /her self esteem.

This product can allow them to self-navigating and find the obstacles without the stick. Now

they even don’t have to learn the home environment too.

This is designed for blind person .It contains two things belt and a Bluetooth headphone

device respectively . The concept behind this interaction design is to make the blind people

feel that “they are not disable”, they can go anywhere without help of some other person .In

other words, they can live independently without any dependency.

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INTERACTION WITH USER

This product is very user friendly ,portable and easy to use .As it has only to things first , belt and second is

Bluetooth headphone device. Belt is has strap which can be adjusted according to the waist .Belt contains

sensors ,and other devices which help the user for interaction .

How to use the product ? It has basic and simple steps .The user has to wear the belt and Bluetooth headset.

The user has to switch on the Bluetooth headset .when it will connect to the belt ,it start giving the

instruction that what to do .

DUAL RANGE ,TRIPLE ZONE INFRARED OBSTICLE DETECTOR NXTSUMO EYES VIEW ZONE is fitted in the belt

which can detect the obstacles and with the help of Bluetooth it is conveyed to the user .For instance ,

nowadays cars has a sensors which are used in the parking . when a person park a car the distance is

measured by sensor and with the help of screen an digital sound ,driver hear a voice which tell the

distance between the obstacle and car .so the same rule is applied the use can hear the voice and walk

properly without hitting the obstacle.

Dual Range ,triple zone infrared obstacle detector NXTSumoeyes View Zone

NXTSUMOEYES-v2 is designed to be tentacles , to detect the object up to 12”(30 cm). This sensor is capable to

detecting the obstacles on front-left, front-right or straight ahead.

In this device ,there is a gadget which is connected to the GPS .The GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS) is a

space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information. Which help the user to

reach to the location he or she wants to go ? It is all computer based , like the user have to give a command

about the destination . For example, like a use want to go to the Princess street from the holly rood road .The

use has to give the information with help of Bluetooth headphone about the starting point and the

destination point . Then with the help of GPS the device guide the user like walk straight ,turn left ,turn right

and mean while the sensor detect the obstacle and by this the user can reach to the destination easily .

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Issues addressing during the Interaction design

The notion of the interaction design has become an essential aspect of designing and

developing a new product which is embedded with the new technology .Whereas ,the

traditional design focus on the functions and the physical appearance ,interaction design has

functions ,physical appearance , technology and complex design problems . New technology ,

networking and embedded interaction has provided the opportunity to develop the wide

range of products .Since , such products are developed it changed the life of people .When

internet and phones are developed , there was a drastic change in their lives .Interaction

designing helped in reducing the problems faced of people in their day to day life .Now,

because of the interaction design and internet of thing people are more advance and can

work very easily and effortlessly .

So ,as this product come under the interaction design ,it will definitely help the blind people

and make their life easy . However ,there are many issues and problems faced by blind people

like self-navigation , they even has to learn the environment of their own house ,job problems

which leads to finance issues .

But in the world of interaction design ,now they don’t have to face the problem and issues

any more .There problems can be solved by the help of Interaction Design easily and

effectively . The sensor will work as their eyes and with the new technology they can give

commands and information to use the devices which will solve their issues and problems.

This product covers the four dimensions . The first dimension is 1D in which the source of

instruction is given in the form of word and it provide the procedure with the help of

Bluetooth headphone .Second dimension is 3D ,in this the physical interaction with user .so

,this product has a well fitted gadgets in the belt which can wear easily and comfortably

.Third dimension is 4D time , this product is well organized that it can manage the time

between the instructions which are given .Forth dimension , behavior means the interaction

with user and this product is very easy to use . This product is very user friendly .

IMPLIMENTATION

This product is very user friendly, portable and easy to use .As it has only two things first, belt

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and second is Bluetooth headphone device. Belt is has strap which can be adjusted according

to the waist .Belt contains sensors, and other devices which help the user for interaction.

How to use the product? It has basic and simple steps .The user has to wear the belt and

Bluetooth headset. The user has to switch on the Bluetooth headset .when it will connect to

the belt, it start giving the instruction that what to do.

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Description what all is use in this device:

ď‚· Device

ď‚· IVR

ď‚· GPS NAVIGATION

ď‚· OBSTICLE DETECTOR

ď‚· TTS

ď‚· BLUETOOTH HEADPHONE

INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE

Interactive voice response (IVR) is a technology that allows a computer to interact with

humans through the use of voice and DTMF tones input via keypad. An IVR can be deployed

in several ways:

1. Equipment installed on the customer premises

2. Equipment installed in the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

3. Application service provider (ASP) / Hosted IVR

In this device we use IVR in little different way. It is mainly used in companies like

telecommunications industry etc .But here it is used by a blind person to use a device.

How it work?

When the person start the device the IVR helps him /her to select the option .So he /she can

navigate it easily.

GPS NAVIGATION

A GPS navigation device is a device that receives Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to

determine the device's location on Earth. GPS devices provide latitude and longitude

information, and some may also calculate altitude, although this is not considered sufficiently

accurate or continuously available enough (due to the possibility of signal blockage and other

factors) to rely on exclusively to pilot aircraft. GPS devices are used by the military, by aircraft

pilots, by sailors, and for recreational purposes by the public.

GPS devices may have capabilities such as:

• maps, including streets maps, displayed in human readable format via text or in a

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graphical format,

• Turn-by-turn navigation directions to a human in charge of a vehicle or vessel via text or

speech,

• Directions fed directly to an autonomous vehicle such as a robotic probe,

• Traffic congestion maps (depicting either historical or real time data) and suggested

alternative directions,

• Information on nearby amenities such as restaurants, fueling stations, and tourist

attractions.

GPS may be able to answer:

• Roads or paths available,

• Roads or paths that might be taken to get to the destination,

• If some roads are busy (now or historically) the best route to take,

• The location of food, fuel or other needs,

• The shortest route between the two locations.

In this device, there is a gadget which is connected to the GPS .The GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM (GPS) is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time

information. Which help the user to reach to the location he or she wants to go? It is all

computer based, like the user have to give a command about the destination. For example,

like a use want to go to the Princess street from the holly rood road .The use has to give

the information with help of Bluetooth headphone about the starting point and the

destination point. Then with the help of GPS the device guide the user like walk straight

,turn left ,turn right and mean while the sensor detect the obstacle and by this the user can

reach to the destination easily .

OBSTICLE DETECTOR

DUAL RANGE ,TRIPLE ZONE INFRARED OBSTICLE DETECTOR NXTSUMO EYES VIEW ZONE is

fitted in the belt which can detect the obstacles and with the help of Bluetooth it is

conveyed to the user .For instance , nowadays cars has a sensors which are used in the

parking . when a person park a car the distance is measured by sensor and with the help

of screen an digital sound ,driver hear a voice which tell the distance between the obstacle

and car .so the same rule is applied the use can hear the voice and walk properly without

hitting the obstacle.

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Dual Range, triple zone infrared obstacle detector NXTSumoeyes View Zone

NXTSUMOEYES-v2 is designed to be tentacles, to detect the object up to 12” (30 cm). This

sensor is capable to detecting the obstacles on front-left, front-right or straight ahead.

TTS

Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for

this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or

hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal language text into speech;

other systems render symbolic linguistic representations like phonetic transcriptions into

speech. [1]

Synthesized speech can be created by concatenating pieces of recorded speech that are

stored in a database. Systems differ in the size of the stored speech units; a system that

stores phones or diphones provides the largest output range, but may lack clarity. For

specific usage domains, the storage of entire words or sentences allows for high-quality

output. Alternatively, a synthesizer can incorporate a model of the vocal tract and other

human voice characteristics to create a completely "synthetic" voice output. [2]

The quality of a speech synthesizer is judged by its similarity to the human voice and

by its ability to be understood. An intelligible text-to-speech program allows people

with visual impairments or reading disabilities to listen to written works on a home

computer. Many computer operating systems have included speech synthesizers

since the early 1990s.

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BLUETHOOTH

The Bluetooth protocol stack is split in two parts: a "controller stack" containing the timing

critical radio interface, and a "host stack" dealing with high level data. The controller stack is

generally implemented in a low cost silicon device containing the bluetooth radio and a

microprocessor. The host stack is generally implemented as part of an operating system, or as

an installable package on top of an operating system. For integrated devices such as bluetooth

headsets, the host stack and controller stack can be run on the same microprocessor to

reduce mass production costs; this is known as a hostless system.

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CONCLUSION

The primary goal of this project is to think of a interaction design (IoD) for the

emerging internet of thing (IoT). So ,this report introduce a user friendly device

which help blind people in many ways like it help blind people to move around

independently and to navigate from one place to other .

As it is shown in implementation part that it is not complicated, it is user-friendly.

So, now blind people don’t have to face difficult time in self-navigating outside

environment. In fact, the biggest challenge is physical movement. Travelling or

simply walking down a crowed places pose great difficulties. As well as blind

people has to learn the each and every details of the house environment. Like the

positions of the chairs, table, and stairs and soon can also be solved with the help

of this device. And even socially , now blind people has not to face social

challenges to ,like in relation to activities in various activities they cannot

participate .Blindness also affect the person’s ability for job ,which affect a

person’s finance ,but also his /her self esteem but now this is possible with it .

This product can allow them to self-navigating and find the obstacles without

the stick. Now they even don’t have to learn the home environment too.

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References :

Interaction design : beyond Human-Computer Interaction by Yvonne Rogers.

http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/NGBOViewGrant.aspx?GrantRef=EP/K002732/1

http://www.mindsensors.com/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=75

http://www.information-age.com/it-management/strategy-and-innovation/123457192/is-the-internet-of-things-

too- big-an-idea-

http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2012_WEB.pdf

http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/pol/S-POL-IR.IT-2005-SUM-PDF-E.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&biw=1280&bih=737&tbm=isch&tbnid=HSzPJ7UjCUJvaM:&imgrefurl=http://ww

w.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424706001129&docid=K_mQjXxpCWTPeM&imgurl=http://origin-ars.els-

cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0924424706001129-

gr12.jpg&w=564&h=270&ei=pXBSUv_8G66S0QWwq4Aw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:96,s:0,i:376&iact=rc&page=5&tbnh=

155&tbnw=325&start=82&ndsp=22&tx=100&ty=92

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_to_speech

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_voice_response#Voice-Activated_Dialing

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/IVR.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesis#Electronic_devices

http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?newwindow=1&biw=1280&bih=694&tbm=isch&tbnid=VFj0wbMskMeCcM:&imgrefurl

=http://www.brandaudio.co.uk/visual-

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ivr2.jpg&w=619&h=366&ei=LL1_Ut7mIYes0QXZo4CQBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:29,s:0,i:184&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=1

73&tbnw=292&start=14&ndsp=19&tx=173&ty=115

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