Source: An HIV Vaccine Is Coming (Here's What's Taking So Long)
Sources:
https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2021/the-long-history-of-mrna-vaccines
https://www.hvtn.org/hiv-study-basics/hiv-vaccine-myths-and-facts.html
https://www.history.com/news/aids-epidemic-ronald-reagan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9683993/
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics
https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-preventive-hiv-vaccine
https://www.usaid.gov/fact-sheet/pathways-discovery-hiv-vaccine-research-and-development
https://www.broadinstitute.org/blog/why-it-so-hard-make-hiv-vaccine
https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/why-it-so-difficult-make-hiv-prevention-vaccine
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/structure-dynamics-hiv-surface-spikes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666773/
https://www.hiv.gov/blog/encouraging-first-in-human-results-for-a-promising-hiv-vaccine
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33444376/
bnAbs/ B cells:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5299500/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717246/
https://www.iavi.org/our-work/hiv-vaccines/
https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jun-2024/germline-targeting-future-hiv-vaccine-development
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24669-b-cells
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-019-0244-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459471/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-024-01821-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5091071/
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.2c07933
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/6/911
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imr.12508
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/autoreactivity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5299500/
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.977630/full
https://science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6502
mRNA:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21898-mrna-vaccines
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/mrnavaccines/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01574-5
https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/mrna-vaccine-technology-promising-idea-fighting-hiv
https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/vaccine-how-close-are-we
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0598supp-495.pdf
https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/why-dont-we-have-an-hiv-vaccine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572109/
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-clinical-trial-three-mrna-hiv-vaccines
https://www.iavi.org/features/iavi-statement-on-mrna-hiv-vaccine-candidate-trials/
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/phase-i-clinical-trial
Therapeutic vaccine:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42888-3
https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-therapeutic-hiv-vaccine
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02060-2
Image Sources:
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cell-releasing-antibodies-royalty-free-image/1356994697
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/antibodies-royalty-free-image/1356994686
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/spreading-royalty-free-image/172153877
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/rhesus-macaques-india-royalty-free-image/1203183135
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/44567004
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/asian-woman-scratching-on-her-arm-stock-footage/1334381325