A Public Statement on Coronavirus and Mass Incarceration

One Voice: The Impact of Coronavirus on Incarcerated People, their Families, and Their Communities.

INTRODUCTION

Coronavirus is here and it is not leaving any time soon. The Federal government has no unified strategy. The White House flippantly minimizes warnings that are issued by Dr. Anthony Fauci, the most credible member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Actions by State and City governments range from negligible to extreme. Anxiety is in the air we breathe. The whole nation is at risk and everyone deserves a competent and compassionate response from our government. But there are layers of complexity that we should not ignore. The immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 will hit some people harder than others. All will feel a share of the encroaching peak of death and the plummeting economy that looms ahead. Sacrifices will have to be made. Congress is engaged in a process that requires a level of moral insight that the current administration does not usually display. This public statement began as a collective brainstorm on an urgent national conference call. A diverse group of stakeholders and allies took part in that call, and we appreciate their care, concern, and contributions. This statement is one of several initiatives begun on that call. The aim of the statement is to exclusively frame these concerns from the perspective of incarcerated people, previously incarcerated people, and their families.

WHO WE ARE

We are not disinterested observers. We are not an amorphous group of faithful allies. We are not public officials who will be accountable if anything goes horribly wrong behind the walls of institutions of confinement. We are a widely diverse group of people who share an intimate relationship with incarceration. We know how confinement magnifies threats to human health and safety. We have been incarcerated. We are incarcerated. We are the daughters, sons, mothers, fathers, and family members of the incarcerated. We are tethered to the criminal legal system via electronic monitoring and other modes of surveillance that make keeping safe more complex. Our diversity includes gender identity, political persuasion, social ideology, race, ethnicity, immigration status, physical abilities, economic status, age, vocation, and religion. We are not a monolith. We are many. However, in this statement of concern about the need to address the specific threats that COVID-19 poses to our community, particularly those currently locked behind walls, bars, and razor wire: We are one voice.

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

The risks linked to COVID-19 will not enter the atmosphere in isolation. These dangers follow a series of threats to our democratic republic. We have survived years of punitiveness called justice, state violence named public safety, greed branded success, and apathy toward poverty disguised as fiscal conservation. We see a bold and overt resurgence of misogyny, xenophobia, bigotry, and racism spouted from the highest bully pulpit to the streets of Charlottesville. Those of us who have been most susceptible to these pressures must be hyper-vigilant to minimize the damage that COVID-19 will have on our communities. We want reason to trust that those empowered to decide who deserves to be aided through this crisis have the moral conviction embodied in our national declarative statement: … all [humans] are created equal and endowed … with certain inalienable rights.

The COVID-19 pandemic evokes new fears and amplifies existing concerns. Those whose work centers around the lives of imprisoned humans, their families, and the communities most affected by the United States criminal legal and immigration systems are far too aware of gaps and failures to protect the health and safety of all. Amid natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, and institutional cultures of violence, we have been the ones who remove the veil of secrecy. We have appealed to the public, systems administrators, and the government officials who are responsible for the lives of people confined in these institutions. We have demanded that they fulfill the mandate to care for the lives under their control. The American criminal legal system embodies structural and systemic inequities that reflect an historical tendency to value some lives more than others. Irrefutable and abundant data prove that the lives of people locked behind the walls of American jails and prisons are always in peril.

IMMEDIATE RISKS

Renowned physician and former Chief Medical Officer of NYC Jails, Dr. Homer Venters, has said, “Incarceration is a deadly health risk.” A massive public health crisis exacerbates this fact. That is why the government must include the plight of incarcerated people and their families in all plans to reduce the harm that the COVID-19 pandemic will inevitably cause. Concern about us cannot be an afterthought. The media must raise the issues that are specific to our health and safety with the same urgency and sincerity they show when reporting on other vulnerable populations. Incarceration is itself a category of vulnerability.

Authorities that monitor and control jails and prisons must take proactive steps to protect people currently held prisoner as well as employees of these facilities from exposure to COVID-19. Government must recognize that people with criminal records and their families have not ceased to be human. Therefore, efforts to address their concerns must extend beyond the jurisdiction of the department of justice and legal systems. Labor, health and human services, education, housing, and commerce, among others, must add incarcerated people—and the cumulative consequences of mass incarceration—to the calculations being used to estimate the damage and create solutions.

For decades, we have spoken about inhumane conditions in jails and prisons. These conditions are hidden from public view and protected by failure to regulate and enforce transparency. Overcrowding and insufficient oversight worsen unsanitary conditions. Blood and fecal matter on multiple surfaces, unsafe building materials, limited access to showers and running water, inadequate clean clothing, denial of cleaning and hygiene supplies, and the absence of routine health screenings are just a few facts on the record.

Unless we take immediate measures, the rapid spread of any infectious disease under these conditions will be unstoppable. Inhumane solitary confinement is not to be confused with medical isolation or quarantine. A report by ABC reveals that unsanitary conditions are even worse in cells designed for complete isolation. These inhumane conditions in the nations' jails and prisons put all of us at risk. Unsafe conditions and neglect are the source of the risk—not the people.

COVID-19 will enter jails and prisons, exit, and return to our neighborhoods and homes. Each day thousands of people walk in and out of these spaces. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services notes, “Each year, more than 600,000 individuals are released from state and federal prisons. Another 9 million cycle through local jails.” Additionally, 415,000 correctional employees work in these facilities according to the U.S. Department of Labor. Volunteers, vendors, attorneys, and civilian staff add an unknown quantity. One can estimate that about 440,000 people enter and exit jails and prisons each day, carrying with them all the experiences of the day.

The White House Coronavirus Task Force confirms that COVID-19 poses the greatest risk to the elderly and those who are immunocompromised because of preexisting medical conditions. Thousands of incarcerated people meet this high-risk criterion. A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found chronic illness at the rate of 43 and 39 percent in federal and state prisons respectively. Various studies show that 12-15% of incarcerated people are past age 60, though criminologists acknowledge that recidivism declines significantly with age.

It is likely that conditions of confinement increase the probability of rapid spread of COVID-19 within jails and prisons. At minimum, authorities should grant compassionate release to people over age 60 who have chronic health conditions. They should evaluate all who have chronic conditions and employ the safest and most compassionate alternatives available. Pregnant women and women with newborns in jail or prison nurseries should simply be removed from those spaces.

TO THE MEDIA

People across areas of expertise are raising awareness about the effects COVID-19 will have on various segments of the population. We, who are survivors of public policy gone awry, are among the list of experts who want to engage in this conversation. We are still working to tackle the consequences of the drug war, disinvestment in communities, ongoing destruction of the social safety net, and the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. We urge all stakeholders to consider how policies created to buffer the blow of COVID-19 will hurt or help communities that still suffer harm based on those policies, and the years of mass incarceration that followed. Some claim the current era to be a period of bi-partisan willingness for criminal justice reform. Let’s remain aware of the layers of complexity created by our history and add those layers to conversations about exposure to COVID-19.

When you discuss who is most vulnerable and susceptible to the public health and economic implications of COVID-19, remember us. When you have an opportunity to discuss the lesser-known risks, when you look for pundits who have the specific expertise of being considered “the least of these”—Don’t just talk about us. Invite us to your socially distanced workspaces. Interview us. Put us on your panel segments. Have a dialogue with us. Use your platforms to elevate our voices and help us show that we are more than the worst thing that’s ever happened to us or the worst thing we’ve ever done. Show the world what it looks like to treat everyone with human dignity.

DEMANDS

We don't claim to have all the answers. There are many who have acquired expertise through education, governmental experience, professions in the criminal legal system, and broad social activism. They may also have access, power, and influence: levers needed to accomplish the list of outcomes we would like to see. We elicit their support and welcome their contribution. We would like to be the ones to articulate what it is that we truly need. We offer a place to start. The recommendations below, if implemented, would result in better COVID-19 related health outcomes for the entire nation, and would aid in the struggle to prove that the punitive design of the American criminal legal system is unnecessary, costly, ineffective, and a threat to public health.

Implement immediate safety protocols to protect people who live and work in jails and prisons. These include, but are not limited to:

Administer the COVID-19 test to every jail and prison employee, incarcerated person and routine volunteer, including attorneys
Medically/humanely isolate those who test positive
Relocate all positive people to hospitals immediately
Design and implement living conditions that meet CDC recommendations
Deny admittance to people whose COVID-19 status is unknown
Abolish solitary confinement
Collect data and share data on rates of COVID-19 in jails and prisons
Screen employees and incarcerated people with daily temperature checks
Provide everyone who lives or works in jail or prison infirmaries with proper protective gear
Allow incarcerated people to opt out of work assignments that increase their exposure to COVID-19
Distribute accurate and current information regarding COVID-19 safety to jail and prison administrators, staff, and incarcerated people
Allow external oversight
Expand canteen/commissary access and freeze pricing to ensure that vendors do not gouge incarcerated people
Supply nutritious meals that support healthy immune systems.
Issue personal supplies that support safe and sanitary living conditions to incarcerated people

Clean bedding and laundry each day
Cleaning supplies and disinfectant for living quarters
Hand sanitizer that meets CDC standards
Soap, extra towels, toilet paper sanitary napkins and masks (when medically indicated)

Maintain safe and sanitary working conditions. Supply incarcerated persons working in culinary, porters and other support services with the following

Gloves and face masks each day prior to their shift
Cleaning supplies
Clean work uniforms
CDC recommended sanitizer

End practices that add financial burden to the families of incarcerated people

Provide cost-free opportunities for incarcerated people to communicate with their family members and attorneys including but not limited to - free phone calls, videoconferencing, e-mail and postage
End health-related copays and fees that incarcerated people currently pay for medical treatment
End all incarceration, parole, and probation fees

Depopulate jails and prisons

Expand use of executive clemency and commutation powers
Implement aggressive compassionate release
Release pregnant women and women with babies in jail or prison nurseries to a safe living environment
Issue moratoriums on probation and parole revocations for technical violations
End the use of cash bail and pretrial detention
End pre-arraignment confinement
Stop arrests for misdemeanor offenses
Do not use criminalization to enforce CDC or other government recommendations that pertain to COVID19

Build systems that support the safety and health of people after they are released into the community

Suspend required in-person reporting for people on probation and parole
Suspend in person court appearances
Permit travel person on probation, parole or electronic monitoring to travel for medical needs and to take care of family
Abolish policies that prevent people with criminal records from living in HUD supported housing whether alone, or with family members

Support stimulus proposals and related appropriations that represent the concerns of the incarcerated, their families, and their communities by considering the following opportunities to meet the needs

Funding to municipalities and other stakeholders to support transition planning for youth and adults prior to release from federal, state, and local prisons, jail, detention, and secure confinement facilities to ensure connection to critical community-based services upon release^[1]
Funding to ensure that youth and adults who are released from custody have immediate access to safe and appropriate housing for the duration of the COVID-19 epidemic and beyond^[2]
Funding to increase the capacity of community based organizations to offer proven and innovative support services to increase access to safe housing, living wage employment, basic and higher education, physical and mental health treatment, financial capability, and other strategies for long-term success in the community
Incentives for states to convert temporary buildings assembled in response to COVID-19 into safe living quarters for displaced and homeless people, including those formerly incarcerated. Follow with funding to qualified organizations to help transition people housed in temporary situations to permanent housing.

CONCLUSION

We appreciate that many long-standing institutions and leaders have spoken out in ways that show some awareness of the specific issues that we face. However, we would like to take this opportunity to speak for ourselves. It is beneficial to all of us that there is an opening to raise these issues as priorities in the national conversation about the response to COVID-19. Most of the signatories on this statement have worked exclusively on this issue for decades and have served a cumulative number of years in jails and prisons that would stretch over centuries. We want nothing more than to be included as part of the solution because of our expertise which is derived from decades of study, service, and activism—not solely as a result of having been incarcerated. Your consideration is appreciated.

Please refer to the press release or the list of signatories to contact people affiliated with supporting organizations.

Respectfully,

ORGANIZATIONS

1982

A New Way of Life

A.F.S.C.of Tucson, AZ

Abolition Apostles Jail & Prison Ministry

Aging People in Prison Human Rights Campaign

All Of Us or None/ Legal Services For Prisoners With Children

All of Us or None

All of Us or None, Central Illinois

All of US or None, Riverside

All Of Us Or None, Sacramento

All of Us or None, Texas

All of Us or None, St. Louis

Bard Prison Initiative

Beauty after the Bars

Beyond Day Zero

Butterfly Life Journeys, Inc.

CA Coalition for Women Prisoners

Cabrini Green Leadership Council

California Families Against Solitary Confinement

Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB)

CARE Consulting and Coaching

Chance For Life Organization

Claremont Colleges Prison Abolition Collective

College and Community Fellowship

Convict Criminology

Creative Build

Criminologist

Dignity & Power Now

Dream Defenders

Dream Deferred Inc.

Emerge / New Hour

Equity And Transformation

EX-incarcerated People Organizing (EXPO)

Families for Justice as Healing

First Followers

Formerly Incarcerated, Convicted People and Families Movement (FICPFM)

Formerly Incarcerated Students Club (Humboldt State University)

Forward Justice

Freedom Prep

Fresh Coast Alliance

From the Block to the Boardroom LLC

Frontline Wellness Network

Gender Justice LA

Georgetown University, Prisons and Justice Initiative

Giving Others Dreams God

Harm Reduction Therapy Center

Heartland Alliance

Homies Unidos Inc.

Humility Counseling Services & Multicultural Center

I. Am. Legacy

Impact Equitable Justice Inc

Incarcerated Relief Resource Center

Indiana State University

Inland Congregations United for Change

Inside out with Kristy

Institute of Forgiveness

J&D Restoration Services

Just Leadership

Justice 4 Housing

Justice For Families

Justice Roundtable

JustLeadership USA

La Defensa

Lamano Law Office

LEAP International Montessori School, LLC

Legal Services for prisoners with Children and All of Us or None

Life Coach Each One Teach One Re Entry Fellowship

Live Free Of Faith in Action

LSPC

LSPC/AOUON

MD Consulting & Psych Services

MECHA

Media Justice

Michigan Liberation

Mission: Launch

National Assoc. for Rational Sexual Offense Laws

National Association of Social Workers

National Religious Campaign Against Torture

NCRSOL

New Direction Coaching & Consulting, LLC

New Hour

Nolef Turns Inc.

Nondis Naturals

North Bronx Racial Justice

Northwest Initiative ARRO

Operation Restoration

Outside Solutions Consulting

Positive Women's Network-USA

Post-Prison Education Program

Presbyterian Church (USA)

Prison + Neighborhood Arts Project

Prison Scholar Fund

Progressive Prison Ministries, Inc.

Project Operation Change

Project Rebound CSU San Marcos

Pure Hot Yoga

R3 Score Technologies, Inc.

Reentry Advocacy Project

Reentry Consultants LLC

Reign 4 life

Release Aging People in Prison/RAPP Campaign

Reproductive Justice Inside and Interfaith Action for Human Rights

RGBessRecovery

Rich Family Ministries

Rights Restoration Project

Rising Sun Ink and Nation Outside Detroit Chapter

Root & Rebound

Rosado

Safe Return Project

Safer Foundation

Saint Augustine Harm Reduction Collective

San Diego Original Black Panther Party for Community Empowerment

Santa Cruz Barrios Unidos

SAVE

Save the Kids

Sero Project

Sex Workers and Allies Network

Social & Environmental Justice Committee of the Universalist Unitarian Church of Riverside

Starting Over, Inc

Students for Sensible Drug Policy

Supporting Our Loved Ones Group

SURJ Marin

Survivors speak

SWOP Behind Bars

SWOP Bronx

SWOP Brooklyn

SWOP Kentucky

SWOP RVA

SWOP Salt Lake City

SWOP Seatttle

T.R.I.B.E. Inc

The Dirt Advocacy Movement

The Forestry and Fire Recruitment Program

The Freedom BLOC

The National Council for Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women and Girls

The Ripple Effects

The Taifa Group, LLC

The Tree of Hope Ministry

Time for Change Foundation

TRANScending Barriers Atlanta

Transition Collective

Transitions Youth Council

TransSOCIAL, Inc.

Tranz of Anarchii Inc.

University of Washington Tacoma Post-Prison Education Research Lab

Voice of the Experienced

Voice of the Incarcerated

Voters Organized to Educate

What's Next Washington

Who Speaks For Me?

Witness to Mass Incarceration

Women Against Mass Incarceration

Women on the Rise

Women on the Rise GA. Org

Young Women Freedom Center

INDIVIDUALS

Adam Barger

Adam Wedeking

Adrian H. Huerta, PhD

Ahkeyah Ahmad

Alaina Combs

Alaina L Monts

Alan Costa

Alex Andrews

Alex Ruvalcaba

Alexandria Ludlow

Alexandria Seely

Alisha King

Alison Cox

Allysha Raelene Cain

Amalia Ortiz

Amanda Acevedo

Amanda Smock

Amika Mota

Ana Minauri

Anantharamakrishnan Senthivel

Andrea Beswetherick

Andrea James

Andrea Neal

Angel Payne Murphy

Angel Tueros

Angela Hall

Angelique Evans

Anthony Robles

Antoine Joseph

Antoine Simmons

Antoniese Gant

April M Sanders

Arash

Arlinda Perez

Ashley Mayfaire

Barat Ellman

Barbara Burns

Barbara Lasure

Beatrice Codianni

Betty Louise McKay

Brad Sears

Brandon N. Smith

Breanna Boppre

Breanna Diaz

Brenda V Jones

Brenda Watkinson

Brian Kaneda

Brian Snyder

Bridget Cervelli

Bridgette Simpson

Briley “JOURNEY” Presely

Brittany Gutierrez

Brittany rae Dohar

Brittany White

Bruce Reilly

Brunilda Rivera

Bryan C. Jones

Carmelo Ortiz

Cassandra Little

Cassandra Sterling

Cedric Dean

Cedric Fulton

Celia Colõn

Charles Bolling

Chazidy Bowman

Chelsie Acosta

Chermaine Black

Cherie Cruz

Christian Gallagher

Christina Robinson

Christine Hanavan

Christopher Beasley

Christopher Cruz

Christopher Zahn

Courtney Peters

Curtis Rogers

Cynthia Cupe

Dallas Augustine

Darwin Hamilton

Daryl V. Atkinson

David Brazil

David Garlock

Deanna Hoskins

Deborah Burris

Debra Taube

Debra Wright

Denise L Ruben

Denise Woodall

Devon Turner

Diane Boyd

Diane Hafsah Al-Amin

Dirk van Velzen

Dolfinette Martin

Dolores Canales

Donald L. Perry

Dorian Bess

Dorsey E Nunn

Douglas Smith

Dr Baris Cayli Messina

Dr. Zaria Davis

Dyjuan Tatro

Edith Lorraine Jimenez

Edward E. Williams

Eileen Kim

Ekeythia Dunston

Elaine Daly

Elaine Selan

Eliza Sherpa

Elizabeth Cloyd

Emendo Hill

Emily Rodriguez

Emily Skehan

Emma Li

Eri Aguilar

Eric Pereira

Erica Smith

Erik Bringswhite

Erika Ingle

Estrella Ordonez

Eugene Dey

Eunisses Hernandez

Evie Litwok

Evie Rivera

Ezak Perez

Faith Elizabeth Fuller

Floyd Stafford

Fox and Rob Rich

Franklin Porter

Frantz Michel

Gabriel Rosales

Gabriela Nazario

General Parker

Gerald S.Williams Sr.

Givelle Lamano

Grace Bauer-Lubow

Grace Gamez

Graham Finochio

Gregory Hicks

Gregory Mathis

Gregory Mendoza

Hamdiya Cooks-Abdullah

Hannah Edber

Harold Stjarne

Heather Anderson

Henry Ortiz

Ian Schiffer

Ingrid Archie

Ivana Gonzales

Ivelisse "Bibi" Gilestra

Ivy LeNée Beverly

Jaime Martinez

James Gould

James Kilgore

James Morgan

James Thomas

Jamie L Sell

Jason Bell

Jeffrey Ian Ross

Jeannette Carrillo

Jenna Rodgers

Jennifer Satoh

Jennifer Scarlott

Jeramia M Dupre

Jericha Senyak

Jerome Dillard

Jerry Elster

Jessica Allan

Jessika Green

Joe Heeren-Mueller

Joe Louis Hernandez

Johannah Murphy

John Kaye

Johnny Perez

Jonna Mastropasqua

Jose Murilo

Joseph Atempa

Joseph Johnson

Joshua B. Hoe

Jovada Senhouse

Jude Glaubman

Julie Schwam Schwam Harris

Julie Stokley

Justin Jenkins

Kara Lee Nelson

Karen F Barney

Katherine Henao

Katherine Schaff

Kathy Boudin

Kathy Morse

Katie Hail-Jares

Kea Mathis

Keir Bradford-Grey

Keith Brown

Ken Oliver

Kendra Davis

Kenneth E. Hartman

Kesha Hamilton

Kevin Matthew Alsina

Kim L Zello

Kimberly Haven

Kj Swanson

Kristen Laschober

Kristen Loomis

Kristina Smith

LaDeamMa McMoore

Lakin Easterling

Laura Whitehorn

Lauren J Bianco

Lauren Johnson

Lauren L Reed

Laurin Leonard

Lee C. Bonner

Leigh Ricci

Leslie Credle

Lester Young

Lewis Conway Jr

Lex Steppling

Lian Lucansky

Lillie Branch-Kennedy

Linda Anderson

Lionel A. Smith

Lisa Baggs

Lisa Taylor-Lopez

Liz Atkins-Pattenson

Loida Ortiz

London Croudy

Lora Rosenbaum

Lord Magloire

Louis D Rodriguez

Lucas Alan Dietsche

Lucero Herrera

Lupa Marlene Brandt

Mack Cudgo

Madzimoyo Owusu

Magdalena Tsiongas

Malakai Corvus

Malcolme Mosias Morgan

Mallory Hanora

Marc Howard

Marcelino Almanza

Marcellus Morris

Margaret Denise Bordeaux

Maria Teresa Huerta

Mariam Kayali

Marikay Roberts

Marilynn B. Winn

Marlene Mercado

Marlon Chamberlain

Mark Koenig

Mark-Anthony Clayton-Johnson

Martin Leyva

Marvin Mays

Mary Schupella

Matthew G. Yeager

Maurine Bwambok

Meghan A. Novisky

Mel Wilson

Melissa Ann Taylor

Merle Lustig

Mia Carter

Michael Wells

Michelle Maddex

Michelle Ann Robinson

Michelle Seccafico

Miea A. Walker

Mike Getzler

Mike M Biggs

Mikki Alexander

Molly Simmons

Mona Giacona

Monica Jahner

Myaisha Hayes

Nadia Fischer

Nakisha N. Rice

Naomi Isaac

Nathan Wesley Johnson

Nayeli Gonzalez

Nicholas Buckingham

Nicole Emma

Nkechi Taifa

Noel Vest

Nora Roman

Norris Henderson

Omega West

Oscar m Flores

Patricia Alcocer

Patricia B McCray

Patrick James Germany

Patt Denning

Patty Berger

Paul Kivel

Payal Patel

Pete Woiwode

Piper Kerman

Quintin Williams

Raphael Anil

Raul Rodriguez

Raymond Greene Jr

Rebecca Figueroa

Rebecca Lubar

Rev. Jeff Grant

Richard Wallace

Robert Worlds

Roberta Jean White

Robin Vander Wall

Rod Earle

Sabrina S Ryan

Sady San

Sandra Girard

Sara Hundt

Sara Rahimi

Sarah Page Dukes

Sarah Ross

Savanna De'borrah Stokely

Savannah Sly

Savvy Shabazz

Sean Strub

Sean Wilson

Shannon Jones

Shawn Barrera-Leaf

Sheba Williams

Sheila Anne Griffin

Sonja Tonnesen-Casalegno

Sontcera' McWilliams

Stacia Wallis

Stacy Lyn Burnett

Stephanie D'Andrea

Stephanie Gilman

Stephanie Jeffcoat

Steve Huerta

Steven Mangual

Succatti Shaw

Susan Burton

Susan Mason

Sydney Artson

Tania Brown

T'Mika Cooley

Tadeo Luna

Tawna Whitfield

Taylar Nuevelle

Taylor Buck

Tenneil Selner

Teresa Hodge

Teresa Y Hodge

Terria Vandenhuerk

Theresa Sweeney

Tia Ryans

Tiawana Brown

Tiheba Bain

Timothy Santamour

Tina A. Walters Pruitt

Tina Nunn

Tomiko Shine

Tonatiuh Beltran

Tony Wallin

Tracey Syphax

Trevor Gaskell

Turquoise Martin

Tyffani Dent

Ucedrah Osby

Val Tate

Valente Martinez

Vanee Sykes

Vivian Nixon

Vonya Quarles

Waciuma Maina

Walter Charles

Willard Ali Birts.Jr

William K Sansing

William Stanford Jr. AKA Mr.X

Xavier McElrath-Bey

Yomira E. Zamora

Zahara Green

Zaira Diaz de Leon

[1] The Justice Roundtable, Reentry Working Group

[2] Ibid.