AP Psychology:  The donut REVIEW 

Is there any such thing as a free donut? NO!!!!

 Directions:  You may not eat your donut until your answers are complete and correct.

  1. What, in the process of vision, is responsible for seeing the colors on your donut? On which part of the retina are these cells primarily located?  Cones, fovea

  1. Which "hunger hormone" signals to your brain it is time to eat the donut because it increases the drive to eat? Ghrelin

  1. You see the donut and you can even dip your finger into the frosting and feel the texture.  This sensory information gets sent to a relay station, the _________ before being routed to the correct cortex. Thalamus

  1. Look at all those colors on your donut! What are the two theories of color vision called?  Trichromatic (RGB) and Opponent Processing Theory (R/G, B/Y, B/W)

  1. You no longer notice the donut once it has been sitting on your desk a few minutes due to ____.  Sensory Adaptation 

  1. If someone drops a cloth over your donut and you still realize that you have a donut – that it is only hidden, then you have mastered the cognitive task of _____ which you developed and the end of the ___ stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget, another donut aficionado). Object Permanence/ Sensorimotor

  1. While the teacher wasn’t looking, you ate five donuts. You feel guilty but then tell yourself that you didn’t eat breakfast and that you really needed the extra donuts to focus. What defense mechanism have you demonstrated? Rationalization

  1. When your teacher found out about you stealing donuts, they said “This assignment must be challenging and it sounds likes it’s frustrating for you.” The teacher shows you understanding and acceptance. Which Humanistic attitude is the teacher demonstrating? Unconditional Positive Regard

  1. What if you had a longstanding fear of donuts... only donuts .... which interferes with your social and/or occupational functioning.  What disorder do you likely have and how should it be treated?  Specific Phobia, Systematic Desensitization

  1. You are thinking, “This is the most beautiful best, most delicious looking donut in the entire world. If I can’t eat this right now, my head is going to explode!!!” What type of therapist might ask you to consider the likelihood of that irrational thinking?  Cognitive Behavioral

  1. Write each of the phonemes in the word “donut.” d-o-n-u-t

  1. If you watch someone else eat their donut in an unusual manner and decide to do the same yourself, and are successfully able to recreate their eating style, you have used what method of learning? Observational Learning/ Modeling

  1. You watch some people eat their donut and diagnose them with a psychological disorder based on your observations.  What is your diagnosis for each of these individuals?
  1. Harry smells the donut.  Sweeps crumbs off her desk.  Takes tiny bites in an exact circle around the donut edge.  Sweeps crumbs off desk.  Takes tiny bites again another concentric circle.  Sweeps crumbs off her desk.  Repeats 9 more times. OCD
  2. Caleb does a little work. Sniffs his donut, taps his pencil.  Asks to go to the bathroom.  Returns.  Sharpens his pencil.  Writes a little more.  Eats his donut and then exclaims “Oops,” I forgot I wasn’t supposed to eat that yet!” Takes out a new pencil.  Asks you what he’s supposed to be doing. ADHD
  3. Xander didn’t show up to class and his donut is just sitting on his desk.  He hasn’t come to class in a while.  His posts on FB are disturbing; he’s decided to take a gap year. In bed.  He is giving away all of his belongings.  Major Depressive Disorder
  4. Sal goes around the classroom and pounds his fist on everyone’s donut.  This is not the first time that Sal has been destructive.  He’s often in trouble and it’s surprising he’s actually in school today.  He flips off the class and then leaves after exclaiming “Deuces!” Antisocial Disorder

  1. You are going to save your donut for your “special person” because you know they’d do the same for you.  Your behavior is based on the __________ .  Reciprocity Norm

  1. If you eat the donut in order to make your hunger pains go away, then your behavior is being _____________ Reinforced. Negatively

  1. When you bite into the donut, you taste the sweetness, you also smell the sugar that it is made with, you also notice the soft textures of the cake.The principle that one sense can influence another is called sensory interaction

  1. What lobe of your brain is working hard to inhibit your motor cortex from grabbing the donut and taking a bite?  Frontal

  1. If you feel that the donut was earned and that you were in control of whether you received one, you have a(n) ______.  If you feel that it was just fate or luck that you got a donut, it is because you have a(n) _______.  Internal/ External Locus of Control

  1. You can’t eat this donut.  Last time you did you got sick because the butter frosting had gone bad.  Just the smell of the frosting is making you sick.  What is the US, UR, CS, CR?

US-bad frosting, UR-feeling sick CS-donut/ frosting CR-feeling sick

  1. If you fall asleep suddenly during the assignment and you woke up face first in your donut, it could be because you have ______.  You went into __________ without going through any other sleep stage.

Narcolepsy, REM

  1. If the donuts are part of an experiment to determine whether sugar improves memory retrieval, what would be the IV and DV?  IV-sugar  DV-memory retrieval

  1. What ethical guidelines is your teacher violating if she is actually conducting an experiment on the class…right now? No informed consent

  1. If you eat your donut and it is fantastic and later when asked about your favorite kind of dessert is you immediately think of the donut you just had and say “donut”.  What mental shortcut did you use? Availability Heuristic

  1. Lauren yells “It’s not fair! Chris’s donut has more frosting. You can feel the difference.” You hold one donut in each hand. You are correct about which one is heavier 50% of the time.  This is called _______? Difference Threshold—JND

  1. You snatch the donut of the girl sitting next to you, stuff it in your mouth, and RUN as she starts chasing you. Your __________ nervous system of your autonomic branch is kicked into high gear as you are in “flight.”   Sympathetic

  1. If you all do very well on the AP exam AND you all had a tasty donut, and other students in other schools don’t do well and didn’t receive donuts, can I proclaim “donuts increase student AP exam scores?”  Correlation does not equal causation

  1. You wonder, does this stuff all really relate to what we’ve learned? Is it a ______ measure of our cumulative knowledge? Will it predict our success on the AP exam?  Valid

28. Your favorite flavor of donut is chocolate, your best friend’s favorite flavor is chocolate, thus you think everyone in the class likes chocolate better. Which cognitive bias are you demonstrating? False consensus effect

29. By not eating the entire box of donuts, you show self-regulation and control over excesses and impulses, demonstrating this signature virtue. Temperance

30. When you are finally able to eat the donut, you experience a surge in this neurotransmitter, as it releases pleasure chemicals in the brain; it is activating your reward system Dopamine

Thank you for a great year! It has been my sincere honor to teach you all, you made this year SWEET!

Continue to review over the weekend.  Target your time wisely on the units that you struggled with, see me with questions next week.