HOCl Reference Guide

HOCl 101 Reference Guide 
       
Information compiled and written by Vivica (No AI was used.)                   

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Image ID: A tri-color diagram of the molecular structure with the circles each labeled with their corresponding element. From left to right: H (hydrogen) pink, O (oxygen) orange, Cl (chlorine) yellow. There is a teardrop of water with a blue lightning bolt inside under the HOCl molecule.

What is HOCl?

What is HOCl (Hypochlorous Acid)?


Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the most powerful, natural, eco-friendly disinfectant that is not only incredibly effective at killing pathogens on the skin and surfaces, but is also safe to inhale deep into your lungs while being quite affordable to make for just about every budget. It’s great for your skin, helps reduce pathogen spread, discourages superbugs, and is completely non-toxic because it’s made by the immune system of all mammals. HOCl is the Swiss Army knife of chemical solutions because it does everything! It is sometimes referred to as the “Miracle Molecule” because its applications are seemingly endless. While it may feel like you’ve found a “glitch in the matrix,” HOCl lives up to all the hype, and will continue to impress you the more you learn about it.

To explain HOCl a little more, it is simply water that is holding an electrical charge. As long as it’s holding that charge, it has upgraded abilities from regular water. Water on its own is bad at holding the electrical charge, which is why we add the salt to help hold that charge in place. (The vinegar lowers the pH, which helps stabilize the solution for a little longer.) When HOCl loses its electrical charge, it reverts back to saltwater, making it both eco-friendly and non-toxic.

You can think of it like this: if water = Serena, then HOCl = Sailor Moon or water = Goku, then HOCl = super saiyan Goku.

How is HOCl made?

How Is HOCl Made?

Main Method:
HOCl can be made at home by combining non-iodinated salt, water, and electricity. This process is called electrolysis.
Fill a 1-Liter container (can be anything that isn’t metal/ conductive) with water (can be tap, purified or distilled), to which 16 g (1 Tbsp) of non-iodized, fine salt and 1 teaspoon of distilled white vinegar (5% acidity) are added. The electrolyzed solution is completed in 8-25 minutes,  after which it is ready for use. Be sure to cover the vessel as much as possible while the generator is running, though some gaps are okay.  

So, again:
1 liter water + 1 Tbsp salt + 1 tsp white vinegar + 8+ mins of electricity = 200 ppm HOCl
 
With this recipe, the HOCl will be stable for up to 6 months if kept out of direct sunlight in an airtight container in a cool place depending on the type of water used. (Distilled having the longest shelf life, tap water having ~7-14 day potency life.)

The PPM (Parts Per Million) directly corresponds to the salt ratio. With the above ratio, the solution will be ~25 ppm. To raise the ppm, add more salt. If you make >300 ppm, you can add water to dilute down to desired ppm.  



Alternative Methods:
Bleach:
You can also make a 200 ppm HOCl solution by adding 1 Tablespoon of bleach to 1 gallon of water. When using this method, you don’t need the generator at all. I highly recommend putting 1 tsp / liter (a Tablespoon/ gal) of white vinegar into the water BEFORE adding the bleach to lower the pH for longer-term storage. Never add the vinegar and bleach directly, and always add the vinegar BEFORE the bleach, not after.

Tablets:
Tablets can be bought to be dropped in water, though I don’t have any specific brands I recommend. Also don’t need a generator for this method.


Anything at or below 200 ppm is safe for skin, eyes, mouth, nose, open wounds and petcare.
For washing produce/ meat, the FDA recommends up to 60 ppm without rinse, though up to 300 is safe if you rinse with water after. Up to 500 ppm is safe for non-porous surface disinfection. HOCl has been proven effective at sanitization as low as 2.5 ppm, so always default to a lower concentration of salt if you are unsure.

I, personally, default to solutions around 150-250 ppm for my everyday use in spray bottles, humidifiers/ nebulizers. I also highly recommend water that has had heavy metals removed via activated charcoal purification that has been boiled and cooled, if possible. Tap water that has been boiled or purified via Brita-type filters will still retain heavy metals. You can use any type of water, just be aware that the more pure it is (distilled being the best) the more pure and stable your HOCl solution will be.

Please note: HOCl can be made with Salt only, though it isn’t stable, and will lose its potency in anywhere between 2 hrs and 48 hrs.
Depending on the type of water used, HOCl will be stable for 14 days at full potency and up to 6 months (when stored correctly) with reduced potency after 14 days. You can check the potency at any time w/ these Chlorine PPM strips.

To confirm you made your HOCl correctly:

  • Check the pH with pH strips. Should be between 3.5 - 6 pH with pH ~4 being optimal.
  • Check the Free Chlorine PPM. Should be between 20-500 ppm.
  • Check the color. Should be completely clear.
  • Check the smell. Should smell like ever-so-slightly chlorinated water with a hint of vinegar. It should NOT smell strongly of chlorine from a small distance. It doesn’t have a strong smell. At ~200 ppm, it smells similar to a pool from a distance.
  • Check the feel. HOCl feels like water on your skin. It doesn’t burn, sting or leave a film like bleach does.
  • Check the taste. HOCl tastes like slightly-sour water.

Uses for HOCl

Uses for Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl):
   Please note: This is NOT a comprehensive list of uses.

FAQs

FAQ’s:

Does the type of salt matter? 

  • Yes! You want to make sure it’s non-iodized. White sea salt is fine, but pink Himalayan salt is not. The finer the salt the better, as well.  

Can I use mechanical pencil lead?

  • Only if it’s 2mm or thicker. 0.5-0.9mm is too thin & will break easily. Also be sure that it’s HB or #2 for correct conductivity.


Does the length of the pencil leads matter?

  • Nope! Just as long as the lead can reach into the solution.

What if I mess up? Will something explode?

  • Nothing will explode! This has a REALLY high margin for error, so you can mess up just about every step of the way, and still get HOCl!

How do I store it?

  • In an airtight container in a cool place (temperatures under 77°F | 25°C and above freezing.) That includes spray bottles. You don’t NEED UV-safe bottles unless you’re planning on storing it for over a month, though they are nice to have for long-term storage.

Can I put it in a regular humidifier?

  • Absolutely! As long as it’s “cool mist” & doesn’t heat to vaporize. Just be sure to clean out any salt residue from the fans if they build up, and use <200 ppm.

Can I make this in large quantities the same way?

  • Yes, though it’s much easier to make it w/ bleach in a gallon or more. Add 1 Tablespoon of bleach per gallon. (1- 2 cups for a tub, depending on size.) I highly recommend putting 1 Tablespoon / gallon of white vinegar into the water BEFORE adding the bleach to lower the pH for longer-term storage, though the vinegar is optional.

Can I use it on my pet?

  • Yes! It’s SUPER safe for all mammals, including cats & dogs! You can use it to wipe their paws, soften their fur, lessen the dandruff they shed, and also let them breathe it in to lower their risk of catching airborne pathogens. It can also be used for wound care for sores, cuts, and various injuries.

Is there anything it CAN’T do?

  • It’s NOT a degreaser. Because it’s essentially just water, it doesn’t dissolve oil.
  • It’s also very technically not a “cleaner” like soap because it doesn’t remove debris. It’s a disinfectant and sanitizer, which are similar but distinct.

Can I buy HOCl pre-made?

  • Yes! It can be bought pre-made, as tablets and/ or in cosmetics, though making it yourself at home is the cheapest option.

How Does HOCl compare to bleach?

  • HOCl (Hypochlorous acid) is not only a MUCH stronger disinfectant than bleach by 80-200x, but is also much safer for a wide range of applications. Unlike bleach, HOCl is non-toxic, and has no negative side-effects for use with mammals, including infants. It also doesn’t cause most fabric dyes to bleed, making it ideal for laundry. 

    Bleach & HOCl are essentially cousins. They have 2 different types of chlorine in them. Bleach has activated chlorine vs the free chlorine in HOCl. When bleach is diluted in water, it releases its activated chlorine & just keeps the free chlorine, thus becoming HOCl!

How does HOCl compare to Far UV-C?

  • Overall, HOCl is much better than Far UV-C. Unlike Far UV, which can release ozone, requires energy-intensive cryogenic distillation to capture the Krypton necessary for the lights, and uses fossil fuels via electricity or child slavery in cobalt mining via lithium-ion batteries portable in devices (which also present a fire hazard that the Alkaline batteries used in my generator do not) to be powered. Some Far UV-C setups use manganese dioxide & copper oxide to eliminate the ozone, however, the production process for manganese oxide is still environmentally detrimental. While Far UV-C has a 98-99.99% reduction in pathogens, it takes a minimum of 5-8 mins to achieve this reduction vs the near-instant reduction HOCl provides.

    Whereas, HOCl is VERY     environmentally friendly, as it’s biodegradable,  requires significantly less power to produce, doesn’t produce any harmful byproducts, and has significantly lower risks. HOCl is also more potent of a disinfectant, as it reduces 99.99955% of pathogens in < 1min vs the 98-99.99% reduction Far UV-C achieves at 5 mins. HOCl can also uniquely kill pathogens deep in the lungs safely.

    While Far UV-C seems promising for disinfection, the environmental costs for production and use, as well as consumer costs, far outweigh any potential benefit. HOCl is the superior antiseptic across all pathogens, is accessible for a wider range of budgets, and doesn’t harm the environment to produce. It can even help the environment through soil remediation and water purification.


Do I need to use only distilled water?

  •  No, you can use any type of water, as long as the pH isn’t too basic (above 8). The more purified the water is, the longer the shelf-life will be, but tap water is perfectly safe and effective.


Is it dangerous to handle/ ingest?

  • No, it’s EXTREMELY safe for all mammals, including humans. You don’t need any special equipment or PPE to handle HOCl, and it is also safe to ingest in very small amounts. It’s not recommended to drink HOCl straight, though the negative reactions are likely to be similar to ingesting salt water.

How do I disinfect an N95?

  •  Partially fill a small container (bowl / tupperware/ etc) w/ HOCl that is at or below 200 ppm. Submerge the ENTIRE N95 you wish to sterilize for 1 min. (It won’t affect the electro-static filter!) Use your fingers to gently rub any debris out of the filter, and massage the oil out of the nose foam, if applicable. Don’t let your mask stay submerged for longer than 3 mins, as longer exposure to HOCl will start to cause a small filtration drop. After 1 minute in the HOCl, gently squeeze the excess liquid out of the mask, then hang it up to dry. In 4-6 hrs, you’ll have a disinfected mask, ready to wear! NOTE: This process does nothing to tighten the straps, which will still cause fit/ seal issues.

DIY Generator

DIY Generator!

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or

Supply list for the build:

Building without tools (Accessible for limited hand dexterity.) {Recommended} 

lighter or matches

OR


Building with tools (Requires more hand dexterity and time)

lighter or matches

 

 *Unnecessary if you opt to get pre-wired clips and 2mm Lead for Mechanical Pencil.

If you don’t have tools or full hand dexterity, use 2mm pencil leads, pre-wired clips, and skip steps 1-4.

  1. Start by cutting 2 lengths of wire to approximately the length of the pencil.
  2. Strip the casing off the tips of both ends of each wire by about ½ an inch.

  1. Use the pliers to attach the alligator clips to each of the wires matching black to black / red to red.

  1. Use a lighter or matches in a well-ventilated room, preferably over a sink, to burn the wood off the pencil entirely. PPE is HIGHLY recommended for this. (Skip this step if you get 2mm lead w/o wood.)
  2. Once the graphite is exposed, wipe them clean with a damp cloth or sponge, then clamp it with one of the alligator clips per wire. (There should be an empty alligator clip on each wire.)
  3. Now that the generator is built, combine salt, vinegar and water in a non-metal container, making sure to dissolve the salt completely. Cover as much as possible while keeping both the anode and cathode (pencil leads) away from each other in the solution. I like to use a latex glove to cover the vessel and to keep the anode / cathode separated, but anything non-porous can be used. It also doesn’t have to create a perfect seal.
  4. Once the vessel is covered, connect the other ends of the wires to each side of the battery, double checking that the leads are still not touching, then set a timer for 8 minutes. You will see microbubbles start rolling off the lead connected to the negative side of the battery once it’s turned on. If you’re unsure the solution is done after 8 mins, check that there are stagnant bubbles running the entire submerged length of the positive lead, while the negative lead has rolling microbubbles its entire length.
  5. Disconnect the battery, uncover and remove the leads from the solution, and you now have fresh HOCl ready to use! You can immediately transfer to a spray bottle or store in an airtight container.

For anything <1 gallon (3.785 liters), use the vinegar ratio of 1 tsp vinegar + 1 Tbsp table salt + 1 liter of tap / filtered water /distilled water.

For >1 Gallon, add 1 Tbsp of white vinegar per gal + water & mix lightly. Then, add 1 Tbsp of bleach per gallon & wait 30 seconds.

When completed, your setup should look similar to the photo below:

Image ID: 1 liter mason jar with the pencil leads submerged covered with a black, nitrile glove. Pencil leads connect to a 9V Duracell battery to the left of the jar. Text reads “Generator” with an arrow pointed to the right.

Works Cited

                                WORKS CITED PAGE

Reference list entry

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purclarityskincare.com.

https://purclarityskincare.com/blogs/news/how-to-use-hypochlorous-acid-to-treat-rosacea

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https://www.joms.org/article/S0278-2391(20)30672-8/fulltext

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  15. Spears, Tim. “The Risk of Lithium-Ion Battery Fires: Lessons Learned from Recent Incidents.” Risk Reduction Rev, Risk Reduction Rev, 10 Oct. 2024, www.riskreductionreview.com/post/the-risk-of-lithium-ion-battery-fires-lessons-learned-from-recent-incidents
  16. “Risks and Response Strategies for Lithium-Ion Battery Fires.” U.S. Fire Administration, www.usfa.fema.gov/a-z/lithium-ion-batteries/risks-and-response-strategies/  Accessed 31 Dec. 2024.
  17. He, Yufeng, et al. “Remediation of Pahs Contaminated Industrial Soils by Hypochlorous Acid: Performance and Mechanisms.” RSC Advances, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 7 Apr. 2022, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8988275/ 
  18. Dahl, Lincoln. “Purifying Drinking Water with Hypochlorous Acid.” Hypo Source, Hypo Source, 22 Aug. 2022, hyposource.com/blogs/stories-from-the-field/purifying-drinking-water-with-hypochlorous-acid 



Non-affiliated Purchase links:

https://www.lowes.com/pd/A-O-Smith-Clean-Water-Main-Faucet-Filter-Single-Stage-Carbon-Block-Under-Sink-Water-Filtration-System/1000562061


MicroEssential Laboratory. Chlorine 0-1000, 100 strips/vial (CH-1000). microessentiallab.com. https://www.microessentiallab.com/product/chlorine-0-1000-100-strips-vial-ch-1000

https://www.microcenter.com/product/632691/inland-alligator-clip-test-leads-10-pcs-and-5-colors-50-cm


https://www.batterymart.com/p-bat-9v-nimh.html

https://www.batterywarehousedirect.com/m5/138652--energizer-max-alkaline-9-volt.html

https://warwickts.com/1484/PJP-5002-5002-Alligator-Mini-Clip-Lead

https://www.menards.com/main/grocery-home/office-supplies/writing-supplies/ticonderoga-reg-2-presharp-pencils-10-pack/33892/p-1452210060034-c-7167.htm

https://www.menards.com/main/grocery-home/grocery/baking-cooking-essentials/morton-reg-plain-table-salt-26-oz/f11001/p-1642874257409842-c-6621.htm 


https://www.menards.com/main/grocery-home/grocery/condiments/white-vinegar-32-oz/100-70845-00560-4/p-2890455941413589-c-12342.htm


https://www.menards.com/main/electrical/electrical-wire-cable/electrical-service-wire-cable/6-copper-use-2-wire-per-foot/3692143/p-1473854610620-c-1525874617506.htm


https://www.menards.com/main/electrical/electrical-tools-accessories/terminals-connectors/termination-connectors/gardner-bender-reg-22-14-awg-insulated-alligator-wire-clips-2-count/14-078/p-1444430974427-c-6447.htm

https://www.menards.com/main/tools/hand-tools/pliers-plier-sets/tool-shop-reg-6-needle-nose-pliers/ts-dg-nnp6/p-1444421175494-c-9156.htm

https://www.menards.com/main/electrical/electrical-tools-accessories/electrical-hand-tools/masterforce-reg-6-wire-strippers/2436500/p-1444436618199-c-6455.htm



Acknowledgements: Help with the works cited page from homies Heal and Dee! Y’all are my heroes!!