HISTOLOGY 2009/2010
QUESTION 1
Classification- Adehypophysis, Chromophils, Acidophils
Site- Postero-lateral part of anterior lobe and peripherally located
Stain- acidophilia with H&E, negative with PAS
- EM= rER, Golgi complex, mitochondria
- large, irregular specific granules
- storage= Pars nervosa of neurohypophysis
QUESTION 2
Chromaffin cells | Spongiocytes | |
Site | adrenal medulla | Zona fasciculate, adrenal cortex |
Arrangement | into rounded groups or short cords, intimate relation to capillaries & BV | into cords perpendicular to surface with one or two cells thick, separated by longitudinal-arranged fenestrated capillaries |
LM | large ovoid cells with large spherical nuclei, pale basophilic cytoplasm | large, pale & round nuclei with peripheral heterochromatin clumps, large amount of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm |
EM | few rER, numerous oval mitochondria, prominent Golgi app, microtubules & microfilaments, membrane-limited electron dense granules | extensive rER, numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae, lysosomes, lipochrome pigments, large number of lipid droplets (cholesterol & ascorbic a) |
Special stain | brown (chromaffin reaction) green (vulpian) | acidophilic (H&E) |
Subtypes | cells with epinephrine granules cells with nor epinephrine granules |
QUESTION 3
changes in menstrual cycle especially at the time of the ovulation
slight proliferation of the duct system
increased vascularity of the surrounding intralobular connective tissue
accumulation of fat
QUESTION 4
-dilated ampulla= part where fertilization of the ovum takes place
-partially ciliated simple columnar epithelium of the mucosa
= ciliated ones are responsible for the movement of the viscid liquid film covers its surf
= non-ciliated ones secrete liquid that helps in transportation of fertilized ovum towards the uterus, prevents the passage of microorganisms from uterus to the peritoneal cavity and maintains an environment containing necessary gases & nutrition to sustain sperms motility.
QUESTION 5
Secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum leads to
- stimulation of secretion of uterine glands the glands become tortuous & lumina are dilated by the secretion which accumulates in their interiors
-lamina propria (stroma) become edamatous & highly cellular
-coiled arteries continue their elongation & convolution & extend into the superficial portion of the endometrium
- epithelium become secretory in function secrete glycogen
QUESTION 6
Membranous urethra- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Penile urethra- pseudostratified columnar epithelium but line by stratified squamous epithelium at its end
No layer of muscularis mucosa, decreasing the contact of luminal fluid and epithelium
Wide intercellular spaces and viscid intercellur fluid, helping in sliding of the epithelial cells during distension
Present of plaques and intercellular occluding junctions in superficial layer that helps in formation of osmotic barrier
QUESTION 7
Structure | Function |
Numerous microvilli on the apical cell membrane forming brush border | increase the surface area for absorption |
coated vesicles, pinocytic vesicles, large vacuoles & lysosomes in the apical cytoplasm | active endocytosis processes |
Extensive cellular interdigitations extending from the apex & becoming more prominent near the base | increase the surface area for pumping molecules out of the cell |
basal cell membrane is thrown into numerous deep infoldings | increase the surface area |
abundant longitudinal oriented mitochondria lodged between the deep infoldings | provide the energy for the active transport of ions to the peritubular tissue fluid |
QUESTION 8
-juxtaglomerular apparatus
-podocytes
-mesangial cells
QUESTION 9
Structure | Function |
extensive cytoplasmic ramifications | supportive to spermatogenic cells |
microtubules & microfilaments in cytoplasm | help in change of cell shape to facilitate movement & lodging of the germ cells |
primary & secondary lysosomes in cytoplasm | phagocytosis of dead sperms & residual cytoplasm discharged during spermiogenesis |
extensive lipid sroplets in cytoplasm | accumulation of testosterone |
tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells | formation of the blood-testis barrier |
QUESTION 10
-secretory acini are irregular in outline & arranged in 3 groups.
mucosal | central, small, lined by pseudostratified columnar epi |
submucosa | medium, lined by pseudostratified columnar epi |
outer | peripheral, large & numerous, lined by simple columnar epi |
-corpora amylacia inside lumen of acini
-ducts= those that are open into prostatic urethra- ejaculatory ducts & ducts of prostatic acini
Part of male urethra | ducts that open into the urethra |
Prostatic | prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, ducts of prostatic glands |
membranous | - |
penile | ducts of the bulbourethral glands, mucus secreting glands Littre’ |