BIG PICTURE THEMES: Chapter #1: New World Beginnings (pages 4 – 24)

1. The New World, before Columbus, there were many different Native American tribes.

These people were very diverse. In what’s today the U.S., there were an estimated 400

tribes, often speaking different languages. It’s inaccurate to think of “Indians” as a

homogeneous group.

2. Columbus came to America looking for a trade route to the East Indies (Spice Islands).

Other explorers quickly realized this was an entirely New World and came to lay claim to the

new lands for their host countries. Spain and Portugal had the head start on France and then

England.

3. The coming together of the two world had world changing effects. The biological exchange

cannot be underestimated. Food was swapped back and forth and truly revolutionized what

people ate. On the bad side, European diseases wiped out an estimated 90% of Native

Americans

IDENTIFICATIONS: Chapter #1: New World Beginnings (pages 4 – 24)

1. Marco Polo

2. Montezuma

3. Christopher Columbus

4. Treaty of Tordesillas

5. Mestizos

6. Spanish Armada

7. "Black legend"

8. Conquistadores

9.        Joint stock company

10. Encomienda system

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Chapter #1: New World Beginnings (pages 4 – 24) Introduction

Know: OldWorld,NewWorld

1.        What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it "fertile ground" for a great nation?

The Shaping of North America

Know: Appalachian Mountains, Tidewater Region,Rocky Mountains,Great Basin,Great Lakes, Missouri-Mississippi-Ohio River System

2.        Speculate how at least one geographic feature affected the development of the United States.

Peopling the Americas

Know: LandBridge

3.        "Before the arrival of Europeans, the settlement of the Americas was insignificant." Assess this statement.

The Earliest Americans

Know: Maize,Aztecs,Incas,Pueblo,MoundBuilders,Three-sisterFarming,Cherokee,Iroquois         4. Describe some of the common features North American Indian culture.

Indirect Discoverers of the New World

Know: Finland, Crusaders, Venice, Genoa

 5.        What caused Europeans to begin exploring?

Europeans Enter Africa

Know: MarcoPolo,Caravel,BartholomeuDias,VascodaGama,FerdinandandIsabella,Moors

6.        What were the results of the Portuguese explorations of Africa?

Columbus Comes upon a New World

Know: Columbus
7.        What developments set the stage for “a cataclysmic shift in the course of history?”

When Worlds Collide

Know: Corn,Potatoes,Sugar,Horses,Smallpox

8.        Explain the positive and negative effects of the Atlantic Exchange. 8

The Spanish Conquistadors Know: TreatyofTordesillas,VascoNunezBalboa,FerdinandMagellan,JuanPoncedeLeon, Francisco Coronado, Hernando de Soto, Francisco Pizarro, Encomienda

9.        Were the conquistadors great men? Explain.

Makers of America: The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Granada,Moors,"Reconquista"

10.        Were the conquistadors' motives successfully fulfilled? Explain.

The Conquest of Mexico

Know: HernanCortes,Tenochtitlan,Montezuma,Mestizos
11.        Why was Cortes able to defeat the powerful Aztecs?

The Spread of Spanish America

Know: JohnCabot,GiovannidaVerazano,JacquesCartier,St.Augustine,NewMexico,Pope's Rebellion, Mission Indians, Black Legend

12.        What is the “Black Legend,” and to what extent does our text agree with it?