Exam 3 Study Guide:

Sample Essay Questions:

1. Compare and contrast the properties, natural cover, development, and current status (e.g. erosion, development, threats, etc.) of Ultisols and Alfisols.
   
2. List 3 soil types with special management concerns (e.g. road construction, forestry, fish and wildlife management) and discuss how those properties impact natural resource management strategies for those specific soil orders.
   
3. Discuss how forest removal impacts the hydrologic cycle.
   
4. Discuss the utilization pattern for groundwater in the United States. Is it sustainable? Are we moving towards sustainable use of groundwater (even if a little) or do we continue to accelerate use?
   
5. How can the explosive growth in Brazilian Pepper (an invasive exotic plant species) in the ‘Hole in the Donut’ be directly linked to man-made changes in soils and hydrology?

Terms to Know:

Order

Suborder

Great Group

Supgroup

Family

Series

Inceptisols

Entisols

Alfisols

Ultisols

Vertisols

Oxisols

Histosols

Andisols

Gelisols

Mollisols

Aridisols

Spodosols

Andisols

hydrologic cycle

shallow infiltration

deep infiltration

runoff

evapotranspiration

river basin

watershed

global water supply

salt vs. freshwater

components of freshwater on Earth

hydrology

aquifer

Mississippi River Basin

Dead zone

hypoxic conditions

Amazon River Basin

Nile River Basin

French Broad River Basin

Pigeon River Basin

Watershed Management Approach Advantages

Nonstructural Practices for Watershed Management

Structural approaches for Watershed Management

Constructed Wetlands

Groundwater/ Surface water relative abundance

sinkhole

different ways that groundwater contamination occurs

groundwater use patterns in the United States

land subsidence

Strahler stream order nomenclature

importance of first and second order streams

storm flow

base flow

Source Zone - headwaters

Transition Zone

Flood Plane Zone

Contour Buffer Strips

Vegetative Buffer Strips

Importance of River Meanders

Kissimmee River Case study

Hole in the Donut Case study

wetlands

commonalities in various definitions

variation in wetlands

hydrophytes

hydric soil

obligate wetland plants (OBL)

facultative wetland plants (FACW)

facultative plants (FAC)

facultative upland plants (FACU)

obligate wetland platns (UPL)

mucky texture

gleying

sulfidic smell

mottling

stratified layers

redox concentrations (orange color)

marl (calcium carbonate)

tidal salt marshes

tidal freshwater marshes

mangrove wetlands

freshwater marshes

peatlands

freshwater swamps

riparian wetlands