Genetics Practice Vocab

On the left side of each definition, write in the vocabulary word that matches correctly.

• A series of three letters on DNA or mRNA that are used to help make proteins

• This is the process that makes sex cells(egg and sperm) or gametes

• One of two or more possible forms of a gene, each affecting the hereditary trait somewhat differently

• All of the chromosomes in an organism that are not used in determining sex

• This is the stronger of a pair of alleles, usually written out with a capital letter

• If something has two of the same alleles for the same trait (TT, or tt)

• This a cell that contains both members of every chromosome from male and female, 2n (similar to somatic cell)

• A picture that shows all of the chromosomes in an individual.  Used for identifying nondisjunction disorders.

• If something has two different alleles for the same trait (Tt)

• This is the weaker of a pair of alleles, sometimes masked, and written out with a lower case letter

• Our body cells contains 46 of them, they contain our hereditary information(DNA) and proteins.

• This process is used by us to make body cells, and by some organisms for asexual reproduction

• This is a process that takes place in meiosis that produces tremendous variation among gametes

• This refers to genetic conditions that are passed on the x chromosome, generally affecting men

• A cell that contains only one member (n) of each chromosome pair characteristic of a species (similar to gamete)

• This contains the information of the DNA in a form that can leave the nucleus and is used to make proteins.

• This mutation can take place in the formations of Gamates when a chromosome pair isn’t split correctly and a gamete gets one extra chromosome.  This can result in Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

• A change in the genetic code

• Sex cells (egg and sperm), products of meiosis

• A chart that shows a family tree and the passing of specific traits through generations.

• The physical traits that we see on someone

• Building blocks of DNA or RNA, containing a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate groups, and one of the nitrogen bases (A,T,C,G for DNA, and  A,U,G,C for RNA)

• The genetic information that is stored in the nucleus

• The actual genes that make someone up.

• A synonym for Genetics

• The process of manipulating genes

• An exact replica

• Cells that are diploid or contain a complete set of chromosomes.

Heredity

Genotype

Homozygous

Mitosis

DNA

Genetic engineering

Nucleotides

Phenotype

Heterozygous

Chromosomes

RNA

Nondisjunction

Mutation

Gametes

Autosomes

Sex Linked

Crossing Over

Allele

Clone

Meiosis

Pedigree

Codon

Somatic Cells

Karyotype

Dominant

Diploid

Haploid

Recessive