PREFACE

As an integrated part of our B.E. syllabus in Computer Engineering we have to undergo the practical training of 45 days .I took my training at SILICON UNIV. Jaipur for 50   working days. It is situated in C-Scheme, Jaipur.

 I have studied about Red Hat Enterprise Linux in network services, system and security administration. the  report have consist various applications use in Linux  as setup of various kind of  networks, connect to the Internet, and configure a various types of servers such as Apache sever, Print server, Squid Server, Mail servers, DNS and   so on. The course also contain about the Gnome desktop environment, KDE environment, X window system.

 

 In this report we covered different type of networking services on Red Hat Enterprise Linux as Server side setup configuration, and basic administration of common networking services: DNS, NIS, APACHE, SMB, DHCP, SEND MAIL, and FTP. It also covers different type of security policy, file system security, kernel security and basic element of firewall.

                                        CONTENT

                             

COMPANY PROFILE

   

   SILICON COMNET was formed in 1995 with a clear brief to design, implement & support high technology related products in the field of data communication telecommunication networking and operating system. With national wide alliances with principles like LUCENT, Convergent Communications, Intel, Cisco System, Motorola and Sun System. Silicon Comnet has developed expertise in following divisions.

With a massive clients like Indian Army, Essar Cell phone, Spice Telecom India, Indian Air-force, Smithline Beecham, Care India, IL&FS, Hoechst, State Bank of India, TCS, Jindal, Bombay Stock Exchange, Dolat capital, J. K. Group and many others, Silicon Comnet today is a National Network Integration Giant.

The education division of Silicon Comnet is branded as SILICON UNIV TM, started in order to cater technology programs for their customers, partners & in-house team. Today with State of art infrastructure and facilities, SILICON UNIV TM has trained over a thousand people across India and overseas in networking and system administration and operates today with a prime mandate of  “Implement the best and bag the Best” of imparting quality training on

 

  It deals in Network solution, LAN -WAN solution, Firewall, Mail server, Web server, Radius, Squid, proxy server. They also deal in server maintenance & installing heterogeneous network.

  In today’s economy, finding ways to leverage technology and services to be more efficient, reduce costs, and develop flexibility to respond rapidly to the changing market is critical to survival. SILICON UNIV, Red Hat channel partner offers a set of solutions built on the benefits of an open source platform. Red Hat solutions include a core set of open source product offerings, a comprehensive end to end set of professional services, and Red Hat Network for more effective deployment and management of your system. SILICON UNIV is Market-acknowledged and unmatched technical expertise for Red Hat LINUX.

  They are Red Hat Professional Consulting and provide a vendor-neutral approach. The consulting approach is multi-platform, integrated, reliable network infrastructure solutions based on individual client needs.

  Red Hat Network is the internet-based system support and management service for Red Hat Linux networks. It provides a platform for Linux System management that improves system reliability and security while saving time and increasing productivity of technical administrators.

  While Red Hat has the capability to provide a comprehensive outsourced support solutions, many customers may seek a blended approach to support and management of their open source solutions. For those who demand in-house expertise, Red Hat Global Learning Service provides the premier training curriculums and performance-based certification (RHCE) for open source platform and application development and administration.

  Red Hat develops, deploys, and manages solutions built on an open source   Platform, including the Red Hat Linux Operating System for mainframes, Servers, workstations, and embedded services. The company offers a range of open source development tools, a suite to end-to-end professional services, including Consulting, engineering, enterprise support and global learning with growing popularity and acceptance of Linux in the govt. sector.  The SILICON UNIV as Red Hat Channel Partner implemented the Linux successfully.

 

 

                      

                     

                                   

 

                   INTRODUCTION TO LINUX

 

LINUX is an open source / free software. With its advanced server configuration,   Red Hat is putting Linux as an operating system at the core of enterprise computing. Today Linux is found in Web infrastructure, file server, ERP, and point of sale system, increasingly in the systems running critical applications at large companies. Analysts predict that by the end of this decade Linux will be a common element in the enterprise computing landscape.

“Over the last year, we’ve seen Linux go from being focused on small and medium business to being used very deep in the enterprise”, says Paul Cormier, executive vice president of engineering at Red Hat, a leading Linux platform provider.

                            Salient Features of LINUX

   Advantages of Linux:-

  • Virus proof

  • Advanced OS

  • Crash proof

  • Economical

  • Secured

  • Fully supported

  • Multi-user

  • Multi-tasking

  • Multi-desktop

  • Powerful networking

  • Variety of servers

 

Who are using Linux:-

  Private sector

  Government sector

  Raymond’s

  Air-India

  ICICI

  Central Excise

  IDBI

  Govt. of MP

  Bombay Dyeing

  Govt. of Goa

  Asian Paints

  Govt. of Kerala

  Bharat petroleum

  Govt. of A P etc.

  Reliance

  Railways

LINUX INSTALLATION

Before Linux installation, you must really know about what is hard drive partition. For Linux installation we need to insert the installation cd of Red Hat Linux to CDROM and boot. Most of the installers give you an option between text and graphical install; you need to select “text” if your computer memory is restricted.

Linux software comes in packages. No matter what distribution or version of Linux you have, the CD contains packages that make the base operating system a rich selection of networking “clients” and “servers” with appropriate configuration and monitoring tools, some end-user text mode application, base X-window system and at least one GUI desktop.

The installation program will ask you several things to do like type of boot loader configuration. It is better to select GRUB boot loader configuration. After this you will be asked to select the type of doing partitions. It is recommended to choose disk druid type. In this you will be asked to do partitions on available free space. In Linux there is all file system concept unlike windows. The minimum required file system for installation of Linux are /, /boot, swap and /usr. After doing these partitions the procedure will ask which packages to install. If you select “workstation” the packages normally found on servers are omitted from your installation. If you select server installation then the end-user applications will not be installed. You can also chose to install “everything”, best option for installation on personal computers at your home for new users. For expertise users there is an option of selecting individual packages as per your requirement. Now installation of Linux all in the form of packages starts and takes time according to the packages selected. After completion the system reboots and Linux will start successfully.

                                   

Types of installation Method

  1. CD-ROM
  2. NFS
  3. FTP
  4. HTTP
  5. HARD DISK
  6. Through kickstart method

Types of Boot loader

  1. GRUB
  2. LILO

    Hard Disk Partitioning Method

  1. Disk druid
  2. fdisk

    Type of X-Window System (Desktop)

  1. GNOME – GNU Network Object Model Environment
  2. KDE- K Desktop Environment

                       LINUX KERNEL & SHELL

KERNEL

 

The core of the Linux system is the kernel-the operating system program. The kernel controls the resources of the computer, allotting them to different users and tasks. It interacts directly with the hardware, thus making the programs easy to write and portable across different platform of hardware. Since the kernel communicates directly with the hardware, the parts of the kernel must be customized to the hardware features of each system. However, the kernel does not deal directly with a user. Instead, the login process starts up a separate, interactive program, called the shell, for each user.

SHELL

Linux has a simple user interface called the shell that has the power to provide the services that a user wants. It protects the user from having to know the intricate hardware details.

Feature of Shell:

Types of Shell in Linux:

 

Linux Utilities and Application Program

              The Linux utilities or commands are a collection of programs that service day-to-day processing requirements. These programs are invoked through the shell, which is itself another utility

 LINUX SUPPORTED FILE SYSTEMS

File system

           In all of the preceding configurations, automatic partitioning sets up multiple volumes—separate volumes on each directory. The advantage of separate partitions for certain directories is that it limits the risks to your system. For example, many Webmasters configure their Web sites to write daily log files with data relating to all users who visit their sites. These files can become quite large, especially for large online merchants. Before you decide how to set up partitions, you need to know about each of the major Linux directories. Linux directories are organized according to something known as the File system Hierarchy Standard (FHS).

File system Hierarchy Standard

            The FHS is a standard for organizing directories for Linux- and Unix-based systems. Every FHS-compliant operating system starts with a top directory, root, symbolized by the forward slash. All other directories are subdirectories of root.

Directory

Description

/

The root directory. Other directories are below root in the FHS hierarchy. Unless mounted separately, the contents of other directories are in the root directory partition.

/bin

Essential command line commands. Do not mount this directory on a separate volume, or else you may not be able to find these commands when you use a rescue disk.

/boot

Linux startup programs. Normally includes the Linux kernel. Separate/boot partitions are common; the default size is currently 100MB.

/dev

Linux device drivers. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition. /etc Basic configuration files.

/home

User home directories (accept the root user).

/lib

Program libraries. Do not mount this directory on a separate   partition.

/mnt

Mount point for removable media (floppy disks, CD drives).

/opt

For applications, such as Star Office or VMWare.

/proc

Running kernel processes.

/root

Home directory for the root user. Do not mount this directory separately.

/sbin

System administration commands. Do not mount this directory separately.

/tmp

Temporary file default directory.

/usr

Small programs.

/var

Log files, print spools, and other variable-sized data.

/etc

All configurations files.

IMPORTANT FILE TYPES

$HOME

Environment variable that points to your login directory.

$PATH

Pathname environment variable.

$PATH

The shell environment variable that contains a set of directories to be searched for UNIX commands.

.1

Files with this extension contain manual page entries. The actual extension can be any value between 1 and 9 and can have an alphabetic suffix (.3x, .7, and so on).

.ag: Applixware graphics file.

.as: Applixware spreadsheet file.

.aw: Applixware word processing file.

.bmp: Bitmap graphics file.

.c: C source file.

.C:C++ source file.

.cc:C++ source file.

.conf: Configuration file.

.cxx :C++ source file.

.db: Database file.

.dvi: Device-independent TeX output.

.gif: GIF graphics file.

.gz: File compressed using the GNU gzip utility.

.h: C header file.

.html: HTML document.

.jpg: JPEG graphics file.

.m: Objective C source file.

.o: Compiled object file.

.p: Pascal language source file.

.pbm: Portable bitmap graphics file.

.pdf: Adobe Acrobat files.

.ps: PostScript file

.s: Assembler file.

.tar: tar file.

.tgz: Gzipped tar file.

.tif: TIFF graphics file.

.txt: Text document.

.Z:  File compressed using the compress command.

LOGICAL VOLUME MANAGER (LVM)

As a very special treat, LVM can even make 'snapshots' of itself which enable you to make backups of a non-moving target. We return to this exciting possibility, which has lots of other real-world applications, later on.

In the next section we explain the basics of LVM, and the multitude of abstractions it uses. Historically, a partition size is static. This requires a system installer to have to consider not the question of "how much data will store on this partition", but rather "how much data will *EVER* store on this partition". When a user runs out of space on a partition, they either has to re-partition (which may involve an entire operating system reload) or use kludges such as symbolic links.

The notion that a partition was a sequential series of blocks on a physical disc has since evolved. Most Unix-like systems now have the ability to break up physical discs into some number of units. Storage units from multiple drives can be pooled into a "logical volume", where they can be allocated to partitions. Additionally, units can be added or removed from partitions as space requirements change.

This is the basis of a Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

For example, say that you have a 1GB disc and you create the "/home" partition using 600MB. Imagine that you run out of space and decide that you need 1GB in "/home". Using the old notion of partitions, you'd have to have another drive at least 1GB in size. You could then add the disc, create a new /home, and copy the existing data over.

However, with an LVM setup, you could simply add a 400MB (or larger) disc, and add its storage units to the "/home" partition. Other tools allow us to resize an existing file-system, so we simply resize it to take advantage of the larger partition size and we're back in business.

The physical media 

We should take the word 'physical' with a grain of salt, though we will initially assume it to be a simple hard disk, or a partition. Examples, /dev/hda, /dev/hda6, /dev/sda. You can turn any consecutive number of blocks on a block device into a...

Physical Volume (PV) 

A PV is nothing more than a physical medium with some administrative data added to it - once you have added this, LVM will recognize it as a holder of...

Physical Extents (PE) 

Physical Extents are like really big blocks, often with a size of megabytes. PEs can be assigned to a...

Volume Group 

A VG is made up of a number of Physical Extents (which may have come from multiple Physical Volumes or hard drives). While it may be tempting to think of a VG as being made up of several hard drives (/dev/hda and /dev/sda for example), it's more accurate to say that it contains PEs which are provided by these hard drives.

>From this Volume Group, PEs can be assigned to a...

Logical Volume (LV) 

A Logical Volume is the end result of our work, and it's there that we store our information. This is equivalent to the historic idea of partitions.

As with a regular partition, on this Logical Volume you would typically build a...

Filesystem 

This filesystem is whatever we want it to be: the standard ext2, ReiserFS, NWFS, XFS, JFX, NTFS, etc... To the linux kernel, there is no difference between a regular partition and a Logical Volume.

.

A Physical Volume, containing Physical Extents:

  +----- [Physical Volume] ------+

  | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE | PE  |

  +------------------------------+

A Volume Group, containing 2 Physical Volumes (PVs) with 6 Physical Extents:

  +------ [Volume Group] -----------------+

  | +--[PV] --------+ +--[PV] ---------+  |

  | | PE | PE | PE | | PE | PE | PE |  |

  |  +--------------+  +---------------+  |

  +---------------------------------------+

We now further expand this:

  +------ [Volume Group] -----------------+

  | +--[PV] --------+ +--[PV] ---------+  |

  | | PE | PE | PE | | PE | PE | PE |  |

  |  +--+---+---+---+  +-+----+----+---+  |

  |     |   |   | +-----/     |    |      |

  |     |   |   | |           |    |      |

  |   +-+---+---+-+      +----+----+--+   |

  |   | Logical   |      |   Logical  |   |

  |   | Volume    |      |   Volume   |   |

  |   |           |      |            |   |

  |   | /home     |      |    /var    |   |

  |   +-----------+      +------------+   |

  +---------------------------------------+

This shows us two filesystems, spanning two disks. The /home filesystem contains 4 Physical Extents, the /var filesystem 2.

     

                                      X WINDOW SYSTEM

                           

                                        

LINUX NETWORKING 

For networking firstly your hardware must be properly configured. Your network card should have been setup during the Linux installation or after the installation. Under Linux most drivers for network cards are implemented as modules, after the module is inserted, you may want to inspect the   file   /proc /modules to see if the module is loaded. The module configuration file is modules.conf in /etc.  After setting up the network and connecting the cables, set up the network by running the command: - netconfig

While setting up the network, doesn’t mess up with the “loop back driver” which has the IP address 127.0.0.1. It is always there-it is the IP through which the computer talks to itself. IP address is allocated either statically or dynamically.

For Linux Networking (communication through a network), the two basic Requirements are Media and Rules:-

 

By media we mean the communication link (cables), hubs and switches. It may be wired or wireless. Hubs are dumb, not an intelligent device. It works at the Physical layer whereas Switches are intelligent devices and works at Data link layer. To obtain good performance we make use of Switches. In a Switch, direct routing is possible, the data packet is unicasted and not broadcasted, the packet doesn’t traverse to all the port but direct connection is made via IP address. Thus it has high performance; Switches maintain the IP address table for mapping process.  

 

By rules we mean the set of protocols used for communication. Rules or the Protocol to be used depends on the OS on the end systems, if both the end- Systems have MS-Windows then for small network we use Netbui protocol & for larger networks use of TCP/IP is made. End systems having LINUX as OS Make use of TCP/IP protocol.

   Some Basic Networking Command

  1.  Ping – Measures connectivity and network latency between local & remote system. It uses ICMP echo packets.

        Example: ping 192.168.0.1

        Or            ping www.redhat.com

       

  1.   Traceroute – Shows network path between local and remote systems.                            Useful for pinpointing network congestion.

                                    Example: traceroute www.redhat.com

       

  1.    Netstat –   Lists network statistics and parameters, including Network                          Connection, Routing table, Interface statistics.

        Example: netstat –rn

                                Or            netstat –a

               

  1.    ifup/ifdown - For each installed network adapter, there is a                                     Corresponding ifcfg-* file in/etc/sysconfig/network- Scripts.  

                                     You can activate or deactivate that adapter with                                   the ifup and ifdown commands. Either one of the Following commands will activate the eth0 network

                                     Adapter:

                                    Example:   ifup ifcfg-eth0

                                        Ifup eth0

  1.   Ifconfig - The ifconfig command is used to configure and display network devices. Here is some  sample output of an ifconfig command:

             # /sbin/ifconfig eth0

             Eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:40:1E:6A

             Inet addr: 192.168.199.131 Bcast: 192.168.199.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0

  UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1

  RX packets: 11253 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 frame: 0

  TX packets: 1304 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 carrier: 0

  Collisions: 0 txqueuelen: 100

  RX bytes: 2092656 (1.9 Mb) TX bytes: 161329 (157.5 Kb)

  Interrupt: 10 Base addresses: 0x10a0

# /sbin/ifconfig eth0 207.174.142.142

The first parameter, eth0, tells us which interface is being configured. The next

Argument, 207.174.142.142, indicates the new IP address being assigned to this interface. If we want to make sure our change worked, we issue the ifconfig command again to view its current settings.

# /sbin/ifconfig eth0

 Eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:40:1E:6A

 Inet addr: 207.174.142.142 Bcast: 192.168.199.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0

 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1

 RX packets: 11253 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 frame: 0

 TX packets: 1304 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 carrier: 0

 Collisions: 0 txqueuelen: 100

 RX bytes: 2092656 (1.9 Mb) TX bytes: 161329 (157.5 Kb)

 Interrupt: 10 Base addresses: 0x10a0

LINUX AS ROUTER

  For a Linux machine to be called a router it has to either have at least two network cards or it should have IP aliases set up.

  The steps are as follows:

  1. Configure the network cards
  2. Run the netconf command
  3. Select the Routing & Gateway option
  4. Provide the required IP address
  5. Select Enable Routing option.
  6. Accept the configuration
  7. Restart the network service

CLASS A            10.0.0.2       10.0.0.3

NETWORK

                     Switch 1                            eth0 10.0.0.1

                                         

                                            eth1 192.168.0.1

                     Switch 2

                                       

                

                                       

                                                                   CLASS C NETWORK

                                               

                    192.168.0.2                       192.168.0.3

LINUX AS ROUTER

LINUX AS FIREWALL

     A Firewall is quite simply a TCP/IP host on the internet, with multiple IP interfaces or network cards. One interface is connected to the internet, and other is connected to the internal network.

      Firewalls are intended to keep the flames of internet hell out of your private LAN, or, to keep the members of your LAN pure and chaste, by denying those accesses to all the evil internet temptations.

Types of Firewall

Packet filter: - Screening Router

Filters Ip packets

Route between networks

Protocol independent

Only filters packet header

Minimal hardware needs

Work on transport layer

           

Dual-homed host: - proxy

Filters protocols

No routing between networks

Not all protocols supported

Can filter content

High hardware requirements

Work on application layer

   

Iptables & netfilter

           Netfilter is Linux 2.4’s network filter stack. The filtering stack was redesigned to have packet filtering, mangling and network address translation in one implementation. Iptables is netfilter’s filtering module.

Iptables now uses different tables for different action. Generally filter and nat tables are used. There are five built-in chains (INPUT, OUTPUT,

FORWARD, PREROUTING AND POSTROUTING).The chains represent special hooks in the netfilter code that are used for the packet filtering.

Iptables syntax and commands

 Iptables [-t table] <action> [pattern] [-j target]

        Here action determines the action to perform on the table.

        Here pattern specifies when the rule matches.

        Target defines what happens to the packet.

Iptables –t filter –A INPUT –s 192.168.0.254 –j DROP

         This deny the any packet arriving from IP address 192.168.0.254

Iptables –t filter –A OUTPUT –d! 192.168.0.254 –j DROP

         This denies all packets to every host except 192.168.0.254

Iptables –t filter –A INPUT –s 192.168.0.251 –I eth3 –j DROP

This rule denies all packets from 192.168.0.251 coming in to the eth3 interface.

Iptables –t filter –L INPUT

This rule is used to list the rules in a particular chain.

Iptables –F

For freshens Iptables.

                             

   

DNS SERVER

DNS is the Domain Name System, which maintains a database that can help your computer translate domain names such as www.redhat.com to IP addresses such as 216.148.218.197. As individual DNS servers are not large enough to keep a database for the entire Internet, they can refer requests to other DNS servers. This section addresses two basic DNS server configurations: a caching-only server, and a primary DNS server for a domain. The key configuration files to support such servers include /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/resolv.conf, and /etc/hosts,/etc/named.conf,/var/named/.

Types of DNS server

        

Master DNS Server- contains the master copy of data for a zone.

Slave DNS Server - provides an automatic backup to the master name server.

Caching-only Server - When a request is make for a Web page such as www.osborne.com, network asks the configured DNS server for the associated IP address. This is usually known as a name Query. If the DNS server is outside your network, this request can take Time. If you have a caching-only name server, these queries are stored locally, which can save significant time while you or others on your Network are browsing the same sites on the Internet.

Service Profile: DNS

Type:  System V-launched daemon

Packages:   bind, bind-utils

Daemons:    named

Script:         named

Ports:     53 udp, 53 tcp

Configs: /etc/named.conf,/var/named/*

Related: redhat-config-bind  

.edu

.gov

.com

.org

india.gov

Top level Domain

Second level Domain

poornima.org

Domain Name System

   

The DNS root has a small set of top-level domains that rarely changes. Some of them are as aero, com, net, edu, gov, info, org, int, and name. In a domain name like www.poornima.org, org is a first-level name within the root, poornima is a second-level name within org, and www is a third-level name within poornima. The tree can extend to any number of levels, but in generally it is not more then four levels deep.

 DHCP SERVER

DHCP provides methods for hosts on a TCP/IP network to request and be granted IP addresses, and also to discover information about their local network. One machine on an Ethernet segment is designated the dhcp server and configured to answer these requests.IP addresses are either dynamically assigned from a range or pool of address, or statically assigned by MAC address.

Service Profile: DHCP

Type: System V-launched scripts

Packages: dhcp

Daemons: dhcpd

Scripts: dhcpd

Ports:  67(bootps), 68(bootps)

Configuration: /etc/dhcpd.conf

Related: dhclient

 

Example: Dhcp server provides ip address between 192.168.0.1/192.168.0.20

                     192.168.0.1

        DHCP SERVER

                SWITCH

                                                                         

             PC 1                                    PC 2                                  PC 3

192.168.0.18                                 192.168.0.19                  192.168.0.20        

                 DHCP SERVER PROVIDE IP ADDRESS DYNAMICALLY           

  APACHE WEB SERVER

Apache is RedHat’s standard web server.

Apache is the most widely used web server. More then 60% sites are hosted on apache web server.

Apache provides very stable and scalable web server platform.

Apache support virtual hosts in which multiple web sites may share the same web server.

 Service profile: Apache

Type: System V-launched service

Packages: httpd

Daemons: httpd

Script: httpd

Ports: 80/tcp (http), 443/tcp (https)

Configuration: /etc/httpd/*, /var/www/*

    Installing the Apache Server

 

  1. Mount the Red Hat RPM source files for Apache. They may be located on CD or you may have copied them in a previous chapter to a network source.
  2. Locate the Apache RPM packages: httpd, httpd-devel, redhat-config-httpd, mod_python, autoconf, automake, libtool, mod_perl, and mod_ssl. If you can’t find some of these packages; you may have to repeat steps 1–3 with a different Red Hat Installation CD.
  3. Load the Apache RPM packages.
  4. Use chkconfig to verify that Apache is not configured to start.
  5. Now, use chkconfig to start Apache for runlevels 3 and 5.
  6. Start Apache by hand by invoking the Apache management script (httpd) in /etc/rc.d/init.d.   Start a Web browser such as Mozilla or Konqueror. Point it at http://localhost.
  7. You should see the default Apache Web page for Red Hat Linux.
  8. Close your Web browser.

                   

 Network File System (NFS)

NFS is the standard for sharing files and printers on a directory with Linux and UNIX computers. It was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1980s. Linux has supported NFS (both as a client and a server) for years, and NFS continues to be popular in organizations with UNIX- or Linux-based networks.

Required Packages

Two RPM packages are associated with NFS: portmap and nfs-utils. Use the rpm –q packagename command to check for these packages, which should provide a number of key files. The nfs-utils package includes:

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs (start/stop script for NFS)

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfslock (start/stop script for lockd and statd)

¦/usr/share/doc/nfs-utils-version (documentation, mostly in HTML format)

Server daemons in /usr/sbin: rpc.mountd, rpc.nfsd

¦Server daemons in /sbin: rpc.lockd, rpc.statd

Control programs in /usr/sbin: exportfs, nfsstat, nhfsstone, showmount

Status files in /var/lib/nfs: etab, rmtab, statd/state, xtab

The portmap package includes the following key files:

/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap (start/stop script)

/usr/share/doc/portmap-version (documentation)

Server daemon in /sbin: portmap

Control programs in /usr/sbin: pmap_dump, pmap_set

 

Service Profile: NFS

Type: System V-launched service

Packages: nfs-utils

Daemons: nfsd, lockd, rpciod, rpc. {Mountd, rquotad, statd}

Scripts: nfs, nfslock

Ports: assigned by portmap (111)

Configuration: /etc/exports

NFS Server & client

                                                                   

                                               

                  NFS SERVER

            (LINUX)

                                   

        SWITCH

                                     

                                                                 

                                            NFS CLIENT 1                    NFS CLIENT 2

                                                  (LINUX)                               (UNIX)

        

                         

  Samba Server

Microsoft computers can share files and printers on a network through a facility called SMB, Server Message Block. This type of network communication over a Microsoft-based network is also known as NetBIOS over TCP/IP. Through the collective works of Andrew Tridgell and many others (in the Samba group), Linux systems provide transparent and reliable SMB support over TCP/IP via a package known as Samba.

 You can do four basic things with Samba:

Share a Linux directory tree with Windows computers.        

Share a Windows directory with Linux computers.

Share a Linux printer with Windows computers.

Share a Windows printer with Linux computers.

It is easy to configure Samba to do a number of things on a Microsoft- based network

Participate in a Microsoft Windows 9x–style Workgroup or an NT/2000/XP Domain as A client or a server.

Act as a Primary or Backup Domain Controller.

Share user home directories.

Act as a WINS client or server.

Link to or manage a workgroup browse service.

Act as a Master Browser.

Provide user/password and share security databases locally, from another Samba server, or from a Microsoft Domain Controller.

Configure local directories as shared SMB file systems

Synchronize passwords between Windows and Linux systems.

Download print drivers to Microsoft clients.

These are the four Samba RPM packages that you need:

The Samba package includes the basic SMB server software for sharing files and printers.

The Samba-common package contains common Samba configuration files.

The Samba-client package provides the utilities needed to connect to shares from Microsoft computers.

The Samba-swat package includes the aforementioned SWAT configuration tool.

Service Profile: Samba

Type: System V-launched service

Package: samba, samba-common, samba-client

Daemons: nmbd, smbd

Script: smb

Ports: 137,138,139

Configuration: /etc/samba/smb.conf

Related: samba-swat

        SAMBA SERVER (LINUX)

        PRINTER

        SWITCH

                                LINUX                            WINDOW 98               WINDOW 2000 SERVER

        SAMBA CLIENTS        

SAMBA SERVER SHAREING PRINTER, FILE & DIRECTORY

Network Designing & Implementation (Local Area Network):-

Hardware Requirement For Red Hat Linux Network Installation

 Pentium base Server with 64 MB RAM

 Hard disc drive of minimum 4.3 GB    

 Ethernet Card (NIC) 10/100 MBPS                         10 Nos

 Ethernet Hub 10/100 MBPS 12 Port                          01 Nos

 UTP CAT 5e Cable                                         500 Meter (Approx)

 RJ-45 Connector                                                 30 Nos

Software & Operating System                             Red Hat Linux Enterprise Server

Client Operating System                                         As much

Network Installation & Implementation

 Red Hat Linux Enterprise Server installation and Configuration (LAN/WAN)

           

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 As per the need of my project of networking on Linux operating system, I required information regarding various tools used in networking.  Therefore I have gone through several books for above information’s. My project coordinator has suggested me to go through some books whose list is as Follows:-

1. Red Hat Linux Essentials RH033.

2. Red Hat Linux System Administration RH133

3. Red Hat Linux Networking and Security Administration RH253.

    Provided by REDHAT Corporation

4. Redhat Linux 9.0 Unleased

5. Redhat Linux 9.0 Bible

6. Linux Complete Command Reference.

Websites:-

www.in.redhat.com

www.freelinux.org

www.wiliesystem.com

www.linux.org

www.linuxdig.com

www.linux-howto.com

Poornima College Of Engineering           Department of Computer Engineering