Grade five

Essential questions

Unit one: moon and Earth

Lesson one: astronomy in human legacy

What is Astronomy?

In its simple definition is a systematic observations of the sky.

Scientifically, it is the scientific study of all objects beyond our world ( such as moons, planets, stars, and galaxies)

History of astronomy

It goes back several thousand years ago

When do Greeks started to get interested in astronomy?

By about 600 B.C

From where the word astronomy is derived?

From the Greek words “star law”

What are the astronomical instruments used for the sky observation until 1608 A.D?

Human eyes, as telescopes were not invented.

What are lunar calendars?

is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases.

What are the major Islamic holidays?

There are two official holidays in Islam, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Both holidays occur on dates in the lunar Islamic calendar, which is different from the solar based Gregorian calendar, so they are observed on different Gregorian dates every year

Lesson two: earth, sun, and moon

What is Earth?

The third planet from the sun?

What is Sun?

The star at the center of the solar system. It is almost hot gives us heat and light

What is Moon?

The only natural satellite of Earth

What is Gravity?

A force of attraction that exists between any two masses, any two bodies, or any two particles.

Orbit is the specific path an object travels while revolving around another object.

Axis : is a line through the middle of an object going from top to bottom or side to side.

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Unit 2: lesson one: Elements found on a map

What are the elements should be on the map?

1- Title : describe what map is about.

2- Orientation: is relationship between directions on a map and compass directions.

3- Scale: show the relationship between distance on a map and actual distance on earth.

4- Legend or key: show what the map's symbols  and colors represent.

5- Grid: a map grid is a set of horizontal and vertical lines forming small squares on a map.

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Lesson one: Reference maps

There are two types of maps:

Reference maps

Thematic maps

What is reference map?

It is a map that emphasize the geographic location of features.

What is thematic map?

 It is a type of map or chart especially designed to show a particular them connected with a specific geographic area.

Political maps :

To obtain information about cities and roads and illustrates state and national boundaries, capital cities and major cities, significant bodies of water.

Physical maps:

Illustrates the physical features of an area such as mountains, rivers, coasts..etc

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Unit 3: lesson one: world's biomes

What is a biome?

Is large region of the world with similar plants, animals and other living things.

What is climate?

Is average weather conditions for a specific region. 

What is adaptation?

Is any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment

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Unit 4: lesson one: Energy

What is energy?

Is the ability of doing things or supplying power

What are the different forms of energy?

1- Mechanical energy

2- Solar energy

3- Sound energy

4- Chemical energy

5- Heat energy

6- Electrical energy

7- Nuclear energy

Kinetic energy is…. Energy is moving or is in use

Potential energy: is stored energy

Sources of energy:

Renewable and nonrenewable sources

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Unit 5: lesson one: Introduction to Industry

 What is industry?

Is a business activity that is related to the producing, processing or manufacturing of products (goods)

What are products?

Are goods that industry produces.

What are the two types of products?

1-  Consumer goods        2- Producer goods

What are the factors affecting location of industries?

1- Raw materials     2- Power    3- Land    4- Transport and communication

5- Labor

Why are some countries having more industries than other countries?

Because of these factors:

1- Availability of resources.

2- Availability of labor

3- Availability of land

4- Availability of capital

Unit 7: lesson one: Ancient of Arabian Kingdoms

The Arabian peninsula, called Jazirat Al-Arab the Arabs, is a large  land bridge in Asia. It is among the largest peninsula on Earth, and surrounded by water on three sides. To the north lies the Mediterranean sea and to the west lies the Red sea. To the east is the Arabian gulf, and to the south is the Arabian sea, which is also part of the Indian Ocean.

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Lesson two: the social life of the Arabs before the advent of Islam

What called era before the rise of Islam?

Called the era of Jahiliyah

The pre-Islamic Arabs had many negative behavior and bad habits:

1- They were very quick to start fights and even wars.

2- Gambling and drinking alcohol were acceptable practices.

3- There was no education worthy of mention among the Arabs.

4- Slavery was much common among the rich Arabs.

The Good Habits

1- They were loyal to their leaders.

2- They never broke a promise.

3-The virtue most highly prized by the ancient Arabs was bravery in battles.

4- They used the Arabic language to compose excellent poetry and had sharp memories that enabled them to remember long verses and speech by heart.

5- The pre-Islamic Arabs used to compete with one another in hospitality.

Unit 8: lesson one: Children Rights

What are the children rights?

1- The right to survive .

2- The right to be safe.

3- The right to belong.

4- The right to develop.

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Lesson two: Consumer rights and Responsibilities

Who is the consumer?

A consumer is the one who buys, uses, or maintains products and/or services.

What are the rights of a consumer?

1- the right to safety.

2- the right to be informed.

3- the right to choose.

What are the responsibilities of a consumer?

- Choose carefully.

-Keep yourself safe.

- Keep yourself informed.

-speak out.

- Respect your environment. 

SUDAN

Sudan is located in northeastern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest.

Physical features of Sudan

The landscape of Sudan consists mainly of flat plains punctuated by several mountain ranges. The Marrah Mountains, which contain the highest point of the country, Deriba Caldera at 9,980 ft (3,042 m), are located on the western edge of the country, and the Red Sea Hills are located on the northeastern edge.

The mountains

The mountains of Sudan are many, varying in their locations and characteristics, and many Sudanese cities are built on mountains, either to protect them from enemy attacks or to block wind and rain.

These mountains contain riches and minerals in the interior, and the people tell them about myths and stories. Among the famous mountains in Sudan, on top of which are the famous cities «Kassala, Gedaref, Kadugli, Al-Fasher, Omdurman, Karima, Damazin and Al-Rahad» Abu Diknah - etc. »

-The Barkal Mountains and the Moi Mountains are two mountains that contain a historical heritage and authentic Sudanese civilization. Barkal Mountain, a very small mountain with a height of 98 meters, adjacent to a decent city at the great indigo curve, characterized by its flat top.

- Jabal Al-Dayer is a landmark of the city of Al-Rahad Abu Diknah, and it forms a nature reserve with an area of ​​"314450" square km. The area is rich in biodiversity ...

- And the Kiddkul Mountain in the locality of Matamah, is approximately 6 km long and has a height of 250 thousand feet above sea level.

- There is also and is one of the famous tourist sites in Sudan and is located in the state of Kassala in eastern Sudan, where the mountain is considered one of the most important landmarks of the city. Kassala is located at an altitude of 496 meters (1627 feet) above the sea level, and on the slopes of a mountainous mass, which extends in the form of a collar that surrounds the city from the eastern side, the most famous of which is the Taka Mountain.

Kadugli Mountains A series of connected mountains, some of which are sparse, located in Southern Kordofan. Kadugli is the name for a mountain

- Jebel Marra is located near the city of El Fasher, which is a group of volcanic peaks, and the Fur and Zaghawa tribes live next to it, and the highest point in the mountain is the climate where it is moderate and rain water and springs are available almost permanently.

- The mountain of “Karkada” is located to the south of Damazin, to the north of Qaisan locality in the state of Blue Nile, and in its area, resettlement projects were raised for the height of the Rusayris Dam.

Sudan's famous cities

Khartoum                

Khartoum bahri        The state of Khartoum

Omdurman              

Atbara                      

Aldamar                    River Nile State

Shendi          

Kassala

EL-Marghania                kassala state

El-Sawagi                  

New Halfa                

Gedaref

EL-Galabat                Gedaref state

EL-Fashaga                    

Port Sudan              

Suakin            Red sea state

Senkat

tokar                  

Wadi Halfa               The northern state

Dongola                  

Wad Madani                        Aljazira sta  

Almanaqil                        

Sinnar                        Sinnar state

Damazin                  Blue Nile State

Al-Dawim                    

Rabak                      White Nile State

Kosti                        

Om-Rawaba            North Kordofan State

AOBAID                        

alnuhud                               West Kordofan State

Babanusa        

Kadogli                    Southern Kordofan State

Geneina                  West Darfur state

El Fasher                   North Darfur state

Nyala                      

Aldaein                   South Darfur state

Sudan terrain

Sudan's lands in general are a flat sedimentary plain that descends slightly from east and west towards the center and the entire plain descends from south to north, interspersed with heights covering less than 5% of its total area.

Its terrain varies:

Alluvial plains in the center, like the plains of the eljazeera

    Deserts such as the Bayoda Desert, the Nubia Desert, and the Al-Atamur Desert

    Semi-desert in the north

    Moist savannah (rich in weeds) and dried in the center, south-east and southeast,

    A series of twisting hills in the east and north-east, such as the hills of the Red Sea, the Nuba Mountains in Kordofan and the Ingusena Mountains in Blue Nile State

    Secluded hills in separate areas in the center, such as the Gedaref hills in the east and Jabal al-Dair in the west,

    Volcanic mountains in the far west and east, such as Jebel Marra in Darfur, the Taka Mountains, Mount Totel in Kassala State and Mount Medop in the northwestern corner, in addition to a coastal strip on the Red Sea.

The lands of Sudan are divided by numerous rivers, valleys, creeks and water tributaries, seasonal and permanent, the most famous of which is the Nile River, which is the most important geomorphological phenomenon in Sudan, as it extends to about 1700 km from the south to the north, and the Nile Basin and its tributaries in Sudan cover about 2.5 million hectares. The tributaries of the Nile include:

White Nile

    Blue Nile

    Atbara

    State

    Dinder

    The Rahad

Seasonal valleys such as:

    Gash River

    Khor Toker

Others are dry, such as Wadi Hawar and Wadi Al Malak, along with a number of ponds, swamps and seasonal creeks that overflow during the rainy season in the summer. In addition to the six waterfalls of the Nile that start with the second waterfall in Halfa (the first waterfall in Aswan, Egypt) and end with the waterfall of Sablouqa, north of Khartoum.

Climate of Sudan

Sudan is located in the tropical region and the climatic regions are diversified as follows:

Hot desert climate in northern Sudan.
Mediterranean climate on the Red Sea coast and the Jebel Marra region in Darfur, The semi-desert climate in northern central Sudan,Poor savannah climate in southern and western Sudan Savannah climate rich in the southern borders of Sudan.

The tropical climate is characterized by a high temperature on most days of the year, especially in summer and it ranges from a very dry climate in the far north, to hot, rainy summers and mild winters in the savannah areas in the center and semi-humid in the far south of Kordofan and southern Blue Nile, and hot dry in summer, Cold winter rain on the coast of the Red Sea and the region of Jebel Marra.

The annual rainfall ranges around zero in the far north, where it rains in these areas once every five or six years, to 500 mm to 1000 mm in the central and southwest regions.