Residential Schools and Institutions
The goal of this document is to keep up to date with the statistics regarding the Residential School Tool Kit. The following list the items that we will be keeping track of.
- # of child remains found in schools.
- # of schools reported in each state.
- Which schools are still operational.
- Which schools have been searched.
We are working hard at keeping this information up to date so if you see any schools or statistics that are missing or needs updating please let us know.
Document was last updated on 9/8/21
Numbers Remains of Indigenous Children
6,509 childrens remains found in the US and Canada Only 3,213(8/23/21) are documented in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report |
Canada - 1,930 215 - Kamloops, BC 182 - Ktunaxa Nation, BC 160 - Penelakut Island, BC 104 - Brandon, MB 80 - Winnipeg, MB 15 - Mission, BC 751 - Cowessess FN, SK 35 - Muskowekwan, SK 74 - Battleford, SK 38 - Regina, SK 42 - Red Deer, AB 73 - Dunbow, AB 161 - Fort Providence, NWT | United States - 1,172 227 - Mt. Pleasant, MI 189 - Carlisle, PA 21 - Grand Junction, CO 50 - Rapid City, SD 103 - Haskell, KS 200 - Carson City, NV 222 - Chemawa, OR 12 - Bernalillo County, NM 69 - Kay County, OK 1 - Nez Perce County, ID 66 - Riverside County, CA 12 - Panguitch, UT |
American Indian Boarding Schools by US State
Below is a list, originally compiled by Dr. Denise Lajimodiere, of all the reported residential schools in both the US however, this is a work in progress because schools are still being reported and states are still in the process of searching the schools.
Dr. Denise Lajimodiere, Graphic Source: @mmiwhoismissing Instagram
365 Schools, 29 States Bolded = still in operation * = searched for mass graves. |
Alaska (40)
Searched:
Unsearched: Anchorage, Anvik Boarding School, Beltz, Brevig Mission Orphanage, Chooutla, Copper Valley, Covenant High School, Douglas Island Friends Mission School, Eklutna (Tyonek), Fairbanks, Friends High School, Galena, Holy Cross, Jessee Lee, Kanakanak, Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Aleutian Regional, Kosorefsky, Moravian Child’s Home, Mount Edgecumbe, Nenana, Nenana High School, Nome High School, Palmer, Pilgrim Mission, Pius Tenth Mission, Port Clarence Orphanage, Seward Sanatorium, Sheldon Jackson, Sheldon Jackson/Sitka Training School, Sitka Industrial Training School, St. Marks Mission, St. Mary’s, Victory Bible School, Wasilla, White Mountain, William E. Belt, Woody Island Mission and Orphanage, Wrangell Institute
Arizona (51)
Searched:
Unsearched: Chinle, Colorado River, Dilcon Community School, Fort Apache (Theodore Roosevelt), Fort Defiance, Fort Mojave Industrial School, Gila River St. Peter School, Greasewood Springs Community School, Greyhills Academy High School, Holbrook, Hunter’s Point Indian School, Jeehdeez’a Academy, Kaibeto Indian School, Kayenta Indian School, Kearns Canyon, Kinlichee Indian School, Kingman Indian School, Leupp, Low Mountain, Lukachukai Community School, Many Farms High School, Marsh Pass, Naa Tsis’Ana Community School, Navajo, Navajo Mountain, Nazlini Community School, Nenahnezad Indian School, Phoenix, Piñon, Rice Station, Rocky Ridge, Rough Rock Community School, Sacaton, San Carlos, Santa Rosa Ranch, Seba Dalkai, Shonto Indian School, Theodore Roosevelt, St. Michael’s Industrial, St. John’s Mission at Gila Crossing, Teec Nos Pos, Toyei, Truxton Canyon, Tuba City, Tucson Indian Training School, Yuma, Western Navajo, Wide Ruins, Wide Ruins Community School
Arkansas (1)
Searched:
Unsearched: Dwight Mission
California (9)
Searched: Sherman Indian School
Unsearched: Fort Bidwell School, Fort Yuma, Greenville School, Hoopa, Round Valley Indian School,, St. Anthony, St. Boniface Industrial, St. Turibius Industrial
Kansas (7)
Searched: Haskell Industrial Training School
Unsearched: Great Nemaha Indian School, Kaw Manual Labor School, Kickapoo, Osage Manual Labor School/St. Francis, Potawatomi Manual Labor, Shawnee Mission Manual Labor School
Michigan (5)
Searched: Mount Pleasant Industrial,
Unsearched: Holy Child School, Holy Name (Chippewa) Baraga, Pottawatomie, St. Joseph’s Orphanage
Minnesota (14)
Searched:
Unsearched: Cass/Leech Lake, Clontarf, Convent of Our Lady of the Lake, Cross Lake, Morris Industrial, Pine Point, Pipestone, Red Lack, St. Benedict’s Orphan School, St. Mary’s, St. Theodore’s, Vermillion Lake, White Earth, Wild Rice River
Mississippi (1)
Searched:
Unsearched: Choctaw Central Indian School
Montana (16)
Searched:
Unsearched: Bond’s Mission School/Montana Industrial, Crow Agency, Cut Bank, Flathead, Fort Belknap, Fort Peck, Fort Shaw, Holy Family, Holy James Mission, Pryor Creek, St. Ignatius Mission, St. Labres Mission, St. Paul’s Mission, St. Peter’s, Tongue River, Willow Creek
Nebraska (8)
Searched:
Unsearched: Genoa Industrial, Iowa Industrial School, Omaha Indian School, Oto and Missouri Agency Industrial, Santee Industrial School, Santee Normal Training School, St. Augustine’s, Winnebago
Nevada (3)
Searched:
Unsearched: Fort McDermitt, Stewart, Western Shoshone Indian School
New Mexico (25)
Searched: Albuquerque Indian School
Unsearched: Bernalillo, Chichiltah/Jones Ranch, Ch’ooshgai Community (Chuska), Crowpoint Indian School, Dzilth-Na-O-Dith-Hle Community School, Fort Wingate Indian School, Jicarilla Apache, Lake Valley Indian School, Mescalero Apache, Navajo Prep, Nenannezed, Ojo Encino Indian School, Pine Hill, Pueblo Bonito, Pueblow Pintado Indian School, San Juan, Santa Fe, Shiprock, Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute, St. Catherine Indian School, Toadlena, Tohatchi, Wingate Indian School, Zuni
New York (3)
Searched:
Unsearched: Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, Thomas/Gowanda, Tunasassa Friends Boarding School for Indian Children
North Carolina (1)
Searched:
Unsearched: Eastern Cherokee
North Dakota (12)
Searched:
Unsearched: Bismarck, Fort Berthold, Fort Totten, Maddock Agricultural and Training School, Sacred Heart Mission, Seven Dolors Mission, St. Mary, St. Mary (Turtle Mountain), St. Michael’s Mission, Standing Rock Agency Agricultural/Martin Kennel, Standing Rock Indian Industrial School, Wahpeton Indian Agricultural (presently Circle of Nations)
Ohio (1)
Searched:
Unsearched: Shawnee Friends Mission and School
Oklahoma (78)
Searched: Chilocco Indian Agricultural School
Unsearched: Absentee Shawnee, Anadarko (St. Patrick’s), Arapaho Manual Labor and Boarding School (Concho), Armstrong, Asbury Manual Labor School, Asbury Manual Labor School and Mission, Bacone College, Bloomfield Academy (renamed Carter in 1932), Bloomfield Academy for Girls, Burny Institute, Cantonment Mission School, Cherokee Female Seminary, Cherokee Indian Orphan School, Cherokee Male Seminary, Cheyenne Manual Labor Academy for Boys, Chickasaw Orphan Home and Manual Labor School, Chuala Female Seminary, Collins (Colbert) Institute, Coweta Mission, Darlington Mennonite Mission, Dwight Mission, El Meta Bond College, Emahaka Mission School for Girls, Euchee, Eufala, Folsom Training School, Fort Coffee Academy for Boys, Fort Sill, Goodland Academy, Hillside Mission, Hominy Creek (St. John’s), Iowa Mission, Jones Male Academy (became co-ed in 1955, BIA in 1952, tribally controlled in 1988), Mekusukey, Murray State School of Agriculture (Murray State College), Murrow Indian Orphanage, Nazareth Institute (or College), Norwalk Academy for Boys, Nuyaka Mission, Nuyaka School and Orphanage, Oak Ridge Manual Labor School, Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Girls, Old Goodland Indian Orphanage (Academy), Osage Indian Manual Labor Boarding School, Otoe, Pawnee Industrial Boarding School, Quapaw, Rainy Mountain, Red Moon, Riverside (Wichita School), Sac & Fox, Sasakwa Female Academy, Seger, Seneca; Shawnee, Seneca, Shawnee and Wyandotte Industrial Boarding School; and Seneca Boarding School; Wyandotte Mission, Sequoyah High School, Shawnee, Spencer Academy, St. Agnes, St. Agnes Academy, St. Benedicts Industrial School, St. Elizabeth School, St. John, St. Joseph’s School, St. Louis, St. Mary’s, St. Mary’s Academy School for Girls, St. Mary’s School, Sulphur Spring School, Tulahassee Manual Labor Boarding School, Tuskahoma Female Academy/Choctaw Female Academy, Wapanucka Academy for Girls (Allen Academy), Wealaka Mission (replaced Tulahassee), Wetumka Mission (Levering), Wewoka Mission Boarding School for Girls, Wheelock Mission and Wheelock Female Seminaries, Yellow Springs School
Oregon (8)
Searched: Chemawa Industrial,
Unsearched: Grand Ronde, Kate Drexel or St. Andrews Industrial School, Klamath Indian School for Boys, Siletz, Umatilla, Warm Springs, Yaimax Indian Boarding School for Girls
Pennsylvania (8)
Searched: Carlisle Indian Industrial School,
Unsearched: Girls’Home of the Lincoln Institution/Boys’ Home, Holy Providence School for Indians and Colored People, Lincoln Institute, Martinsburg, Poneman/King of Prussia, St. Francis, West Philadelphia Industrial Boarding School
South Dakota (24)
Searched: Rapid City Indian School
Unsearched: All Saint’s, Brainard, Chamberlain (St. Joseph’s), Cheyenne River, Crow Creek (Stephan), Flandreau/Riggs Institute, Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School, Hope, Lower Brule (St. Joseph’s), Marty (St. Paul’s), Oahe, Oglala Indian School, Our Lady of Lourdes, Pierre Indian Industrial School, Pine Ridge, Rosebud Sioux Indian School (St. Francis), Sisseton Sious Indian School, St. Elizabeth’s, St. John’s School for Girls, St. Mary’s School for Girls, St. Stephan Immaculate Conception, Tehakwitha Indian Mission (Orphanage), Yankton Reservation Industrial Boarding School
Utah (4)
Searched: Panguitch Boarding School
Unsearched: Aneth, Intermountain, Ouray, Uintah
Virginia (1)
Searched:
Unsearched: Hampton University
Washington (14)
Searched:
Unsearched: Colville Mission School, Cushman, Fort Simcoe, Fort Spokane Indian School, Puyallup, Sacred Heart Convent, Sacred Heart Convent Academy, St Francis Regis Mission, St. George’s Mission, St. Mary, Stickney, Tonasket, Tulalip, Yakima
Wisconsin (13)
Searched:
Unsearched: Bad River (Odanah), Good Shepard Industrial School, Hayward, Holy Family (Bayfield), Keshena/Menominee, Lac de Flabeau, Menominee, Oneida, St Joseph’s Industrial School, St. Mary’s Tomah, Winnebago, Wittenberg
Wyoming (4)
Searched:
Unsearched: Fort Washakie/Wind River, Hayward Indian School, Robert’s Episcopal Mission for Shoshone Girls, St. Stephen’s Mission Industrial School
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Indian Residential School Survivors Society (IRSSS) began in 1994 to assist survivors of these systemic abuses. IRSSS provides essential services to Residential School Survivors, their families, and those dealing with Intergenerational traumas. They have compiled a call-to-action for the Canadian government that you can find here: https://www.irsss.ca/downloads/trc-calls-to-action.pdf
Support is available for anyone affected by the lingering effects of residential schools, and those who are triggered by the latest reports. The Indian Residential School Survivors Society can be contacted toll-free at 1-800-721-0066.
A national Indian Residential School Crisis Line has been set up to provide support for former students and those affected. Access emotional and crisis referral services by calling the 24-hour national crisis line: 1-866-925-4419.
Within B.C., the KUU-US Crisis Line Society provides a First Nations and Indigenous-specific crisis line available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. It's toll free and can be reached at 1-800-588-8717 or online at kuu-uscrisisline.com.
Indigenous Creators
https://www.nativenorthwestselect.com/T-shirt-Every-Child-Matters
https://globalnews.ca/news/7923664/indigenous-artists-memorial/
https://news.umanitoba.ca/graphic-novel-aims-to-educate-k-12-learners-on-residential-school-history/
Learn more about these Residential Schools
https://education.afn.ca/afntoolkit/learning-module/residential-schools/
https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/residential-school-survivors
https://nsi-canada.ca/2018/07/a-historic-survival/
https://nsi-canada.ca/2017/05/how-the-savage-came-to-be/
Books by Indigenous Authors
The Orange Shirt Story by Phyllis Webstad
11 Children's Books About Residential Schools
Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Vol 1 Summary
Finding My Talk: How Fourteen Canadian Native Women Reclaimed Their Lives After Residential School by Agnes Grant
From Bear Rock Mountain: The Life and Times of a Dene Residential School Survivor by Antoine Bear Rock Mountain
They Called Me Number One: Secrets and Survival at an Indian Residential School by Bev Sellars