TABLE OF CONTENTS

**Please note, I have made a website containing the same information here, just more detailed and organized. To view it, click here!**

BOY SCOUT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (Based off Requirements)

Knots and Lashings        3

How To Tie A Diagonal Lashing - Boy Scout Knots and Lashing - YouTube        3

How To Tie A Shear Lashing - Boy Scout Requirements - YouTube        3

How to Tie a Bowline Knot        3

How to Tie a Two Half Hitch Knot        3

How to Tie a Taut Line Hitch Knot        3

How to Tie the Sheet Bend Knot        3

How to tie a Timber Hitch        3

How to Tie a Clove Hitch Knot        3

How to Tie a Square Lashing        3

How To Make A Tripod - How To Tie A Tripod Lashing Like a Boy Scout        3

First Aid        4

Hurry Cases (What to check)        4

Is the person’s spine injured?        4

Is the person’s heart beating, is the person breathing?        4

Is the person bleeding, is it severe?        4

Are there signs of poisoning?        4

Major Injuries        4

Heart Attack        4

Severe Bleeding        5

Choking        5

Stroke        5

Poisoning        6

Treating Shock **Always treat EVERY major injury for shock**        6

Minor Injuries (failure to treat these can result in severe injuries)        6

Cuts and Scratches        6

Blisters        7

Sunburn        7

Heat exhaustion        7

Heatstroke        7

Hypothermia        7

Dehydration        7

Insect stings        7

Tick bites        7

Snakebite        7

Navigation        8

What is a compass?        8

What is the magnetic declination in general? What is it in San Ramon?        8

How do you orient a map?        8

How do find directions without a compass        8

Using a stick and two rocks…        8

Using two sticks at night        9

Fitness        9

Cycling        9

Urban Cycling 101: Webinar        9

How to Fix a Flat- Google Document        9

Swimming        10

Side Stroke swimming technique - YouTube        10

How to Swim : How to Swim the Trudgen Stroke - YouTube        10

Back Crawl - YouTube        10

PFDs H.E.L.P. & Huddle Positions - YouTube        10

Breaststroke Swimming Technique | Stroke - YouTube        10

How To Swim Elementary Backstroke - YouTube        10

Feet First Surface Dive - YouTube        10

Diving Underwater to Pick Up an Object | Fear of Water - YouTube        10

Front crawl Swimming technique - arms underwater - YouTube        10

Boy Scout Swimming Merit Badge 5. Different Strokes - YouTube        10

BSA Safe Swim Defense - YouTube        10

Water Rescue: Reach, Throw, Row, but Don't Go! - YouTube        10

Line and Tender Rescue - YouTube        10

Outdoor Ethics        10

Scout Oath        10

Scout Law        10

Outdoor Code        10

Leave No Trace        11

Tread Lightly        11

Cooking        11

Cooking at an Outing        11

Sources        12

Knots and Lashings

• How To Tie A Diagonal Lashing - Boy Scout Knots and Lashing - YouTube

• This is used to build structures with a triangle (X shaped) building

• How To Tie A Shear Lashing - Boy Scout Requirements - YouTube

• Great for bundling three or more logs to make a great tripod

• How to Tie a Bowline Knot

• A knot that won’t come loose under tension- great for Line and Tender rescue method

• How to Tie a Two Half Hitch Knot

• Perfect for hanging a hammock or clothesline between two trees

• How to Tie a Taut Line Hitch Knot

• Great to tie the tent with the stakes since this knot has the ability to move up and down the rope

• How to Tie the Sheet Bend Knot

• Connects to different thicknesses of rope- thick and thin

• How to Tie a Timber Hitch

• Great for dragging a group of logs- this will help connect the logs and help you drag them since the twists provide friction

• How to Tie a Clove Hitch Knot

• This is used for securing lines running along with a series of post

• How to Tie a Square Lashing

• To build + shaped squares like tables, chairs, etc.

• How To Make A Tripod - How To Tie A Tripod Lashing Like a Boy Scout

• For fires and for sitting down (making a chair)

First Aid

**Whenever you come across a person who is injured or unconscious, check these things ASAP; their life could depend on it**

• Hurry Cases (What to check)

• Is the person’s spine injured?

• When approaching an unconscious injured person, it is best to assume that the person injured their head, neck, or spine (and you should take precautions to protect those areas

• Is the person’s heart beating, is the person breathing?

• This is the most obvious sign of life, so make sure that their heart is beating (check their pulse by putting two fingers to their neck)

• Is the person bleeding, is it severe?

• Ask the person to take out extra layers of clothing and search for severe bleeding. Also, make sure to check their back since they can't see there.

• Are there signs of poisoning?

• Check to see if the person has accidentally injected a poisonous substance

• Major Injuries

• Heart Attack

• Commons signs

• Persistent and uncomfortable pressure or burning sensation in the center of the chest behind the breastbone
• Unusual sweating
• Nausea
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling of weakness

• Treating

• Call 911 ASAP
• Prepare to begin CPR
• Wait for ERT to take the patient

• Severe Bleeding

• Using a dressing or cloth…        

• Put a dressing on the wound (towel and other cloths work too) and applying pressure

• If bleeding continues…

• Add more dressings on top of the current one
• Apply further pressure

• If you added cloth to the wound before the first aid kit arrives, replace the cloth with a dressing from the first aid kit

• After bleeding stops…

• Apply a roller bandage

• If it is cold below the wound, don’t apply it

• Only apply it if it is warm with color

• The bandage should be a couple of inches (1-2”) above and below the wound

• The knot should be tied right above the wound so that it gets the most pressure

• Using a tourniquet...

• Used to control life-threatening bleeding ONLY when standard procedures fail
• How to use it

• Put tourniquet 2 inches above the wound

• Should NOT be on a joint, neck, or torso
• Can ONLY be applied to arms and legs

• To secure, pull the strap through the buckle

• Tighten it by twisting the rod until the bleeding stops

• Don’t remove the tourniquet after it is applied
• If applied correctly, it should hurt
• Read instructions for further information

• Can use for a few hours safely
• Note the time you applied the tourniquet
• The EMS can take off the tourniquet when needed

• Using hemostatic dressing

• This is a substance that speeds blood clot formation
• This could be used for the neck, torso, joints, or places where a tourniquet cannot be applied
• Apply direct pressure

• Choking

• 5 and 5 method

• 5 back blows

• Stand to the side of the person with feet shoulder-width apart
• Place arm across their chest and have them bend at the waist
• Use the heel of the hand to thump the center of their upper back

• Between two shoulder blades

• 5 Abdominal Thrusts

• Stand behind the victim
• Make a fist with the thumb facing in and place against their torso and above the navel (belly button)
• Grasp the fist with other hands around the abdomen and bring it up and sift (in and up scooping motion)

• Chest thrusts method

• Use when a person is pregnant or too big to wrap hands around
• Give them thrusts in the same place you perform CPR

• Stroke

• Warning Signs

• Sudden weakness of face, arm, or leg (especially on one side only)
• Confusion understanding and speaking
• Dizziness, trouble to see, trouble walking and balancing
• Sudden and severe headache without a cause

• Think FAST

• Face

• Ask the person to smile and watch for weakness on one side of the face

• Arm

• Ask the person to raise both hands and watch for weakness in one arm

• Speech

• Ask the person to speak and listen for slurred speech

• Time

• If you noticed any of the above, call 911

• Poisoning

• Check the label of medication or substance which poisoned the person and follow directions
• Call 911, and allow them to give you instructions
• Treat for shock, perform CPR if needed, and save any vomit for the doctor to identify the treatment

• Treating Shock **Always treat EVERY major injury for shock**

• Why it happens

• A person suffering a major injury or high stress may cause the body to not distribute enough blood to all parts of the body-- can cause organ failure or death

• Signals/ Warning Signs

• Restlessness/ irritability
• Weakness
• Confusion, dizziness, fear
• Moist, pale, clammy, cool skin
• Nausea and vomiting
• Extreme thirst
• Quick and weak pulse
• Rapid, shallow, and irregular breathing

• Treatment

• Keep letting the victim know that you are there and support them as much as possible
• If they are unconscious, place them in a recovery position

• Move their hands down and roll the victim to one side carefully
• Check to breathe and slightly raise legs (if possible)

• If conscious, have them lay down and elevate their legs about 12 inches if they don’t have any back or neck injuries
• Check for hurry cases
• Let EMT take over of the victim

• Seizures

• Definition: a sudden illness that causes sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It causes changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness.
• Caring

• Check the scene for objects that could harm the victim (since they will move around)

• Especially sharp objects

• Call 911 for the first seizure, you’re unsure, or if it’s really bad
• Bring victim to the floor
• Place soft items below the victim (especially head) to prevent injury
• Never put anything in the person’s mouth or hold them down
• Wait for the seizure to subside and check for breathing

• Give CPR if needed

• Look out for shock
• Place the victim in the recovery position

• On the side, one hand under head, other arm to the side, legs apart and parallel

• Comfort the victim to make them feel better
• Monitor until EMS arrives

• Minor Injuries (failure to treat these can result in severe injuries)

• Cuts and Scratches

• Can happen if you fall down while exercising, moving around, or by touching sharp objects; treat by applying pressure on the cut until bleeding stops (putting the cut inside of ice water also stops bleeding), rinsing with water and soap if possible, applying ointment and bandage.

• Blisters

• Can happen if you have too much moisture on your body or if you have really tight gloves for shoes which hit against your skin often; treat by washing with warm water and resting- if it is really painful, drain and apply ointment.

• Sunburn

• Can happen if you exercise outdoors in the sun for a long time (when there are high temperatures and no shade); treat by staying in the shade and by applying cool towels in a sunburned area.

• Heat exhaustion

• Can happen if you are in the sun too long; treat by cooling the person down and have the rest.

• Heatstroke

• Get the person in shade, give them cool water, a cool towel, and let them rest. If severe, call 911.

• Hypothermia

• If someone has hypothermia, get them in a warm area, let them warm up, and if severe, call 911

• Dehydration

• Can happen if you don't drink enough water; prevent by drinking water; treat by resting and slowly sipping water, apply a cold compress if possible

• Insect stings

• Can happen if there are many insects around you; treat by trying to remove the stinger using tweezers

• Tick bites

• Can happen if there are many ticks around you; to treat, try to use small tweezers to remove the tick, if you are uncomfortable with this seek medical attention right away to remove it.

• Snakebite

• Treat by category: If you know the snake is not venomous, treat it as a puncture wound, if the snake is poisonous, call 911 and remember the snake.

Navigation

• What is a compass? 

• A compass is a lightweight magnet, generally a magnetized needle, on a free rotating pivot. This allows the needle to better react to nearby magnetic fields. Since opposites attract the southern pole of the needle is attracted to the Earth's natural magnetic north pole.

• What is the magnetic declination in general? What is it in San Ramon?

• Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north. This angle varies depending on the position on the Earth's surface and changes over time. In San Ramon, it is -12.86 (West).

• How do you orient a map? 

1. Lay your map out on a relatively flat, smooth surface
2. Turn your compass dial so that North is at the index pointer on top
3. Place your compass on your map with the edge of the baseplate parallel to the north-south meridians [A (geographic) meridian (or line of longitude) is half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude, as measured in angular degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian] on the map. Notice the orienteering lines and direction-of-travel arrow are all parallel with the map lines
4. Turn the map and compass together until the compass needle is "boxed" in the orienting arrow (Red in the Shed)
5. Now, the map is oriented to the real world. If you know where you are on the map, you should be able to look in any direction and see the objects represented on the map in the same direction.

• How do find directions without a compass

1. Using a stick and two rocks…

- Take a stick and place it upright so you can see its shadow; the taller, the better

- Make sure the shadow is on clear, level ground

- Mark the ground at the edge of the shadow with something small like a pebble

- Wait 10 or 15 minutes then mark the edge of the shadow again

- Make a straight line between the marks; this is a rough East-West line

- The first mark is the West mark and the second mark is the East mark

2. Using two sticks at night

 Lie down and drive one stick into the ground at eye level

- Drive a second, taller stick into the ground behind it so that the tips of the sticks line up with a bright star

- Watch the star for a few minutes; if it seems to move…

• Up you are facing East
• Down you are facing West
• Right you are facing South
• Left you are facing North

Fitness

**Links are attached to the text**

• Cycling

• Urban Cycling 101: Webinar

• This document covers the different topics covered in the Urban Cycling 1010 Webinar. During this webinar, I learned my things such as enjoying the ride, riding a bike, California biking laws, safety, how to trip a signal, and so much more

• How to Fix a Flat- Google Document

• This document covers details on how to prevent and fix a flat in a bike. These step-by-step instructions explain instructions to safely repair the inner tube of a bike.

• Swimming

• Side Stroke swimming technique - YouTube

• How to Swim: How to Swim the Trudgen Stroke - YouTube

• Back Crawl - YouTube

• PFDs H.E.L.P. & Huddle Positions - YouTube

• Breaststroke Swimming Technique | Stroke - YouTube

• How To Swim Elementary Backstroke - YouTube

• Feet First Surface Dive - YouTube

• Diving Underwater to Pick Up an Object | Fear of Water - YouTube

• Front crawl swimming technique - arms underwater - YouTube

• Boy Scout Swimming Merit Badge 5. Different Strokes - YouTube

• BSA Safe Swim Defense - YouTube

• Water Rescue: Reach, Throw, Row, but Don't Go! - YouTube

• Line and Tender Rescue - YouTube

Outdoor Ethics

• Scout Oath

• On my honor, I will do my best to do my duty to God and my country and to obey the scout law, to help other people at all times, to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally awake.

• Scout Law

• A scout is trustworthy. loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent.

• Outdoor Code

• As an American, I will do my best to: be clean in my outdoor manner, be careful with fire, to be considerate in the outdoors, and to be conservation-minded.

• Leave No Trace

• Plan ahead

• Before your outing, familiarize yourself with the area- this includes identifying safe and open trails, weather conditions, special regulations and laws, and bringing a map and compass

• Walk on established trails and don’t wander off the trail
• Carry all your belongings with you (including trash, unless there is a proper trash can on the site)
• Dispose of water and human waste 200 feet away from the campsite and bodies of water
• Always conduct a trash sweep of your campsite picking up only your trash, but also other people’s trash (the campsite should be cleaner than before you came)

• Tread Lightly

• Travel responsibly
• Respect the rights of others
• Educate yourself
• Avoid sensitive areas
• Do your part

Cooking

• Cooking at an Outing

• Form cooking groups

• These will be the people that the cooks make food for (distribute scouts and adults equally between the cooks)

• Make a meal plan for each meal (and make sure to bring it to the outing!)

• Make sure no one in your cooking group is allergic to the food you are cooking
• Make sure you follow the food pyramid

• Buy your food

• Before buying your food, do some research and find where you can get the food you need at the best price
• Make sure to buy just the right amount- not too much or little so that you don’t have to waste any

• If you have extra food at the campsite, take it back with you (in a cooler if need)

• Transporting food and cooking

• Try not to bring perishable foods that will spoil before you cook them
• Some foods will need refrigeration; bring a cooler filled with ice so that the food stays cold

Sources

• Boy Scout Handbook
• Red Cross Website

Website:

https://sites.google.com/view/boy-scout-general-knowledge/home