ALTMAR-PARISH-WILLIAMSTOWN Central School District

Academics at its Best - Pursuit of Excellence - Where Students Come First

 Jr. / Sr. High School Course Catalog

2025-2026

Academic Policies

Course Offerings

All courses described in this course catalog are offered if there is sufficient student enrollment.  Some courses are not offered every year.  Check with your counselor if you have questions about a particular course.

Adding or Dropping a Course

Parent, counselor, and teacher permission must be obtained in order to drop a course. Courses must be added or dropped during the designated add/drop period. Reminder:  all students are required to take 6.5 credits per year.

Grading Policies

The passing grade is 65%.  All grades are determined by the course instructor based upon the student’s mastery of required material.

Honor Rolls

Four times each year, after report cards are issued, an Honor Roll will be released based upon grades received during the quarter.

Principal’s Honor Roll:  94.5-100

High Honor Roll:  89.5-94.49

Honor Roll:  84.5-89.49

Earning of Credit

For courses with a Regents Exam, course credit is earned when a student’s final course average is 65% or higher.  The Regents Exam is not averaged into the final course average, but is reported separately on the student’s transcript.  If a student passes the course, but fails the Regents Exam, the student receives local course credit.  If a student fails the course, but passes the Regents Exam, no course credit is earned unless the Regents Exam score is 85 or higher.  If the student earns an 85 or higher on the Regents exam, course credit may be awarded upon approval of the high school principal.

Transcripts

Transcripts reflect the final averages for all completed courses. In the case of repeated courses, all courses and final averages will be printed on the transcript.  However, if a course was repeated, only the course with the highest average will be used to calculate the cumulative average. The cumulative average, SAT, ACT, and AP scores of “3” or higher will be shown on the transcript. SAT and ACT scores may be removed from the transcript at the student’s request.

Early Graduation

A student shall be eligible to graduate in fewer than eight semesters upon completion of all requirements for graduation. Early graduation is permitted with the approval of the principal.

Graduation

Students must meet all New York State graduation requirements to be awarded a diploma as outlined on the following pages.

An official high school diploma will only be issued upon the completion of diploma requirements. Any student may be enrolled in the public schools until one of the following occurs:

1. The student earns a local, regents, or advanced regents diploma.
2. The student attains the age of 21 prior to September 1 of the school year.

Testing Requirements for a High School Diploma

The New York State Board of Regents requires that all public school students pass Regents exams in order to graduate from high school. The passing score on Regents exams for the Regents Diploma or the Advanced Regents Diploma is 65%.

The following pages list the exam requirements for each type of diploma. Students must meet both exam requirements and earn course credit to earn the diploma.

Regents Diploma

Pass five core Regents Exams with scores of 65 or higher:

1. Any Science Regents Exam
2. One Math Regents Exam - usually the Algebra or Geometry Regents Exam
3. Global History & Geography Regents Exam
4. US History & Government Regents Exam
5. Comprehensive English Language Arts Regents Exam

Advanced Regents Diploma: Traditional Pathway

Pass the five core Regents Exams PLUS the following Regents exams with scores of 65 or higher:

1. At least one additional Science Regents exam (one of the sciences must be Living Environment)
2. Math:  Two additional Math Regents Exams (Geometry and Algebra II)
3. Second Language Comprehensive Exam or complete a 5-credit approved sequence in Art, Music, Technology, or Occupational Education

Additional Pathways

There are additional pathways to the NYS Regents and Advanced Regents Diploma outlined at the NYS Education Department website:  Multiple Pathways | New York State Education Department

Local Diploma Option

A student identified with a disability through the Committee on Special Education who does not score at least 65 on the required Regents Exams may earn a local diploma by earning a score of 55-64 on the required Regents Exams.

Compensatory Option for Students with Disabilities

A student who has been identified by the Committee on Special Education as having a disability may also earn the Local Diploma if he/she scores between 45-54 on one or more of the five required Regents Exams other than English Language Arts or Mathematics Exam, and scores 65 or higher on one or more of the require Regents Exams, in which case the lower score(s) can be compensated by the higher score(s). A score of at least 55 must be earned on both the English and Mathematics Regents Exams.  A score of 65 or higher on a single exam may not be used to compensate for more than one exam for which a score of 45-54 is earned.Regular Education students must pass all required exams with scores of at least 65% to earn either the Regents or Advanced Regents Diploma. A local diploma may be issued to a Regular Education student only through an appeal process.

Graduation Requirements

Students and parents are encouraged to review their graduation plan with their School Counselor to determine if they qualify for the Traditional Pathway, the Appeals Process, the Multiple Pathways to Graduation, or the Compensatory Option, as the NYS Education Department often makes adjustments to these graduation plans.

ART

Art 7: (Grade 7)

The 7th grade art course focuses on the elements and principles of art, but emphasizes the application of these concepts at a higher level of creative thinking and artistic craftsmanship. Students will work on several two- and three dimensional projects and learn about art history, art criticism, and conceptual ideas commonly created by contemporary artists.

Art 8: (Grade 8)

Students will be introduced to the innovative design field of Graphic Design and Product Manufacturing; learning the tools, techniques and career options in these specific fields. Students will use a variety of design programs, such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, to create logos and typography, vector-based patterning, and 3D rendered objects. Students will then utilize clay and other ceramic materials to create their own 3D rendered design.

Studio Art: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to….

• Develop an awareness and appreciation of space, light, color, form, line, and texture.
• Exhibit knowledge of the principles of design.
• Acquire experience in drawing, painting, and various media.
• Maintain a sketchbook, which is a portfolio of a student's weekly work.

Ceramics I: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12)

This course builds knowledge of Ceramics. The student will do basic and thoughtfully designed projects. A sketchbook is required. 

Ceramics II: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12) 

This course builds on the knowledge of Ceramics from Ceramics I, with a heavier emphasis on wheel-thrown methods.  The student will do complex and thoughtfully designed projects, a professional level of craftsmanship will be expected.

• A sketchbook is required.
• By using teacher assigned work, in combination with student-driven independent studies, students will grow in their own personal style and understanding of clay and sculpture. 

Digital Photography: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12)

In this course, students will learn the basics of photographic composition and lighting, the basics of using a digital camera and the basics of preparing a digital darkroom. Students will also learn basic color theory and the fundamentals of image processing. This course is designed for the student who has no background in photography.

Graphic Design: (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

In this Graphic Design class, high school students learn the principles of great design and typography  while using professional-grade Adobe design software to create digital drawings, logos, advertisements, and more. Students complete the course by creating a digital portfolio to showcase their work. No prior art or design experience is necessary for this program.

Drawing and Painting: (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Develop illustrations for various painting mediums.

• Demonstrate different painting techniques for specified drawings.

BUSINESS

Computer Applications: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12)

Every student must learn how to be proficient with computers. Whether you are a student preparing for college or career, this course is for you! Students will learn the fundamental functions of Microsoft Windows/Office - including word processing, database management, electronic spreadsheet, and presentation software. Students will be able to identify specific applications, when to use which application, and how the software is used in the education and business environments.

Accounting and Finance: (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

Accounting is referred to as the Language of Business. Students will have a better understanding of the financial condition of businesses, helping you as a consumer, an investor or a business owner. With an understanding of accounting, students will have the opportunity to work in all different industries - from education to music, sports to the medical field, accountants are needed everywhere! This course is essential for any student who wants to major in a business field after high school, or has an interest in owning a business one day. You don’t need to be an expert at math, just someone who likes working with numbers and data.

Business Ownership and Development: (1 Credit, Grades 9-12) 

Learn how to establish and operate a business! Whatever your interests are—cars, fashion, animals, video games—there is a business idea to go with it. Want to be your own boss? Enroll in this course to learn the fundamentals of business ownership—idea generation, human relations, maintaining financial records, developing advertising campaigns, purchasing and pricing, and creating a written business plan. Students will also operate their own “business” using a virtual simulator!

Career and Financial Management: (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

This is a project-based, engaging course that will teach you real-life topics that are vital to understand as you approach adulthood. This course will provide students with an opportunity to explore and learn about the following topics and that will end in a culminating project:

• Career Exploration
• Saving, investing, and managing your money
• Financial markets and investment banking
• Personal budgeting, banking, and credit and debt
• Best practices and working in finance

Web Site Design:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

Web page design skills are in high demand in the current workplace. Many organizations are looking for individuals who can create, maintain and contribute to web sites. In this class you will learn HTML coding and how to use web-editing software to construct your own web pages. By the end of the class, 17 you will have a completed personal website to showcase yourself to potential colleges and businesses. If you desire to own your own business in the future, you will also have the opportunity to create a web site to showcase products or services. If you are technical, creative and enjoy working on computers, this is the course for you!

Wall Street: (½ Credit, Grades 09-12) 

This half year course introduces the basic financial principles necessary to understand the role the stock market plays in our economy and in our personal lives. We explore investment options and practice with business simulators how to make wise investment decisions. You can trade and earn CASH!

ENGLISH

English 7: (Grade 7)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Effectively use evidence to support a claim.
• Identify and explain the central idea of a story as well as the interactions of the elements of literature.
• Produce a variety of writing styles specific to the purpose at hand.
• Read extensively in a variety of genres for information and pleasure.

English 8: (Grade 8)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Read and analyze a text, determining a central idea or theme and how it’s developed, and cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis.
• Interpret, analyze and evaluate texts by making connections to other texts, ideas, personal events, etc
• Establish and use criteria to classify, select, and evaluate texts.
• Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text.
• Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
• Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

English 9: (1 Credit)

• At the end of this course the student will be able to:
• Recognize, understand, and appreciate the following genres:  short story, novel, drama, poetry, biography, autobiography and essay.
• Show a better understanding of other peoples and cultures through literature.
• Apply literary terms.
• Write grammatically accurate sentences, paragraphs, compositions, summaries, and reports.
• Practice the process of writing:  pre-writing, rough draft, revision, and final draft.
• Library research from topic search through final written paper.
• Recognize multiple meanings of words, from roots, prefixes, suffixes and context clues.
• Interpret main ideas in speech.
• Provide adequate feedback to a speaker.
• Effectively participate in group discussions.
• Deliver a presentation to the class.

English 10: (1 Credit)

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

• Demonstrate competencies in the skills and strategies of the writing process.
• Gather information for research purposes Write effectively in a variety of genres
• Gather and organize information for research purposes
• Improve vocabulary for literary comprehension and daily life
• Improve vocabulary.
• Understand influence on a reader’s response to a text.
• Analyze the philosophical beliefs of an author’s work.
• Apply reading strategies to various literary texts.
• Understand cultural influences on literary works.
• Summarize and paraphrase.
• Work in a group.
• Make class presentations.

English 11: (1 Credit) 

• Read a plethora of literary works that include multiple genres and eras

• Recognize literary elements and their significance in literature
• Understand meaning in all literary works—including historical meaning
• Express in writing an interpretation of literature using a variety of literary elements
• Express in writing an interpretation of literature using a variety of literary elements
• Work collaboratively with classmates to share views on literature and other concepts
• Write persuasive and informative essays
• Effectively incorporate and support thesis statements within essays
• Be cognizant of the effective use of grammar, punctuation, and word usage in writing
• Write a formal research paper utilizing MLA format
• SAT Prep
• Use vocabulary in communication
• Pass the New York State English Language Arts Regents exam

English 12: (1 Credit) 

This course is designed for students who are interested in entering employment directly after high school and advancing their careers in the global marketplace. The focus of the course is on literacy for the real-world and the workplace. The course develops the education and skills needed to secure, maintain, and advance one’s career, while fully participating in the economy, at home, and in the community. Skills include English language proficiency, reading, writing, problem-solving, and use of information technologies. Good communication skills, the ability to understand the specialized vocabulary of a trade, and interpersonal skills are also an important part of workplace literacy instruction.  This course will give you the opportunity to explore your global career path, while building your vocabulary and improving your language skills to achieve your professional goals. The course includes reading literature and informational texts and writing in response to those texts, as well as writing for a variety of professional situations. The course will also address networking, interview skills, soft-skills, essential competencies, and business etiquette, all of which relate to literacy in the workplace. 

CCC ENG 101 – Freshman Composition and Literature I: 

(1 High School Credit, 3 College Credits)

Emphasizing the recursive nature of writing and the process of revision, this course teaches students the skills and processes necessary for writing and revising college-level academic prose. Various aspects of writing, including invention/pre-writing, composing, revision, and editing/proofreading will be taught. Critical readings of various nonfiction texts may be used to develop understanding of rhetorical conventions and genres. Composing in and for electronic environments, as well as their conventions, will also be taught. 

CCC ENG 102 – Freshman Composition and Literature II:  

(1 High School Credit, 3 College Credits)

Teaches students to comprehend, respond to and use the ideas of others in their own writing. Skills such as analytic and critical reading and writing, summarizing, and paraphrasing are developed through the study of literature. Term paper form will also be taught.

FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCE

Family and Consumer Science: (Grade 7)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Exhibit knowledge of nutrition and wellness practices that enhance personal and family health.
• Use appropriate tools and technologies to prepare food.
• Construct a project using a sewing machine.  
• Demonstrate career, financial management and job readiness skills.
• Maintain a checkbook.
• Understand and manage personal resources.

Food and Nutrition:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

This course is a culinary class. It will include the study of food and nutrition and how it applies to good health. Other areas covered include basic food preparation techniques, food safety and sanitation, meal management, and food purchasing. This class is based on lectures followed by hands on experiences in the foods lab using foods from the various food groups. The class also covers current food issues like food waste and the production of food; understanding where our food supply comes from.

Students will: 

• Explore the history of food preparation 
• Learn food preparation for nutritional needs
• Explain current food issues 
• Learn about the facility design & management 
• Use skills and techniques of food preparation 
• Practice food safety and sanitation procedures required in food service industry
• Prepare various menu & meal style food labs 
• Explore careers in food preparation and nutrition

Introduction to Baking:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

• Intro to Baking 1 and Baking 2-  20 weeks each

Learning about food safety and sanitation, recipes, cooking skills and techniques, menu planning and budgeting. Classes can be taken together or separate.

Nutrition and Wellness:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

• Nutrition  Wellness- 20 weeks -A nutrition class: learning about Nutrients and Nutrition as it pertains to life and eating.
• Food Nutrition and Wellness -20 weeks- Learning about food combinations and recipe modification for nutrition and wellness

Take one or both classes to open up opportunities to take more FACS/cooking/life classes

WORLD LANGUAGE

Beginning Spanish or French:

• Understand the culture and language of Spanish Speaking Cultures.
• Understand the culture and language of French Speaking Cultures.

Spanish 1 and French 1: (1 Credit)

*Entrance Requirement: Beginner Spanish or Beginner French

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Understand the culture and customs of Spanish-speaking or French-speaking people.
• Demonstrate knowledge of basic vocabulary and structures in simple sentences and phrases
• Demonstrate comprehension and expressions of commonly used words, names, places and abbreviations
• Receive and express numbers 1-100
• Demonstrate speaking, listening, writing, and reading skills of Spanish or French.
• Pass the respective foreign language Checkpoint A examination

Spanish 2 and French 2: (1 Credit)

*Entrance Requirement: Spanish 1 or French 1

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Understand the culture and customs of Spanish-speaking or French-speaking people.
• Demonstrate speaking, listening, writing, and reading skills of Spanish or French.
• Be prepared for the Spanish 3 or French 3 Checkpoint B examination at the end of the next unit of study.

HEALTH

Health 8: (Grade 8)

At the end of this course the student will be able to…

• Describe the relationship of social, emotional, and physical health during adolescence.
• Identify the physical, mental and social changes that occur during adolescence.
• Explain how lifestyle, family history, and other factors are related to the cause or prevention of diseases and other health problems.
• Describe ways to use technology safely.
• Analyze how media and technology influence the selection of health information, products and services.
• Demonstrate effective refusal skills in real-life health related situations.
• Identify strategies to manage stress in health-enhancing ways.

Health: (½ Credit, Grades 10-12) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to….

• Demonstrate and learn basic American Red Cross First Aid and CPR/ AED techniques.
• Understand nutrition and dieting.
• Understand the theories of human motivation and emotion.
• Define stress and methods of coping with stress.
• Know critical facts about HIV/ AIDS as defined in the Altmar-Parish-Williamstown School District AIDS Curriculum.
• Explain the different types of drugs and their effects on the human body and society at large.

CCC Health 104 – Personal Health: 

(1 High School Credit, 3 College Credits)

In-depth course in maintaining lifelong good health examines emotional health, drug education, family health, personal fitness, disease, consumer, and environmental health.

MATHEMATICS

Math 7: (Grade 7)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Identify and apply properties of rational numbers.
• Evaluate proportional relationships to determine the constant of proportionality, unit rate or unit price.
• Solve equations by adapting a formula (Area, Circumference).
• Solve and graph simple inequalities.
• Solve two step equations involving rational numbers.
• Solve real world problems involving percentages.
• Find area and perimeter of figures; calculate volume and surface area of rectangular solids and cylinders.
• Apply theoretical and experimental probability.

Math 8: (Grade 8)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Apply the Laws of Exponents for any integer exponent, write and perform operations to numbers in scientific notation.
• Translate, reflect and rotate lines and figures in a plane and use them to define the concept of congruence.
• Define dilation, state the properties of dilations and use dilations to determine similarity of certain geometric shapes.
• Compare linear equations and their graphs, make connections between proportional relations, lines, and linear equations, solve equations in one variable and two variables.
• Explain why functions are necessary for describing geometric concepts and occurrences in everyday life.
• Solve real world and mathematical problems related to volume using formulas for cones, cylinders and spheres.
• Model the relationships of bivariate data.
• Evaluate the square root of an irrational number.

Math 8+: (Grade 8)

Students will be given the option to challenge the Algebra 1 Common Core Regents at the completion of this course. Students must score an 85% or higher on the Algebra 1 Common Core Regents exam to be eligible to earn the required Algebra 1 Common Core high school graduation course credit. Students will be able to:

• Apply the Laws of Exponents for any integer exponent, write and perform operations to numbers in scientific notation.
• Translate, reflect and rotate lines and figures in a plane and use them to define the concept of congruence.
• Define dilation, state the properties of a dilation, and use a dilation to determine similarity of certain geometric shapes.
• Compare linear equations and their graphs, make connections between proportional relations, lines, and linear equations, solve equations in one variable and two variables. Explain why functions are necessary for describing geometric concepts and occurrences in everyday life.
• Solve real world and mathematical problems related to volume using formulas for cones, cylinders, and spheres.        
• Model the relationships of bivariate data.
• Evaluate the square root of an irrational number.
• Perform operations with monomials and polynomial

Algebra I: (1 Credit)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Identify and apply properties of real numbers.
• Solve first degree linear equations and inequalities.
• Graph linear functions and inequalities.
• Perform operations with monomials and polynomials.
• Find area and perimeter of figures; calculate volume and surface area of rectangular solids and cylinders.
• Apply ratio, proportions and percentages to problems; calculate percent of error.
• Apply probability and statistics.
• Perform operations with monomials and polynomials.
• Solve quadratic equations using factoring techniques.
• Graph, apply and identify quadratic and exponential functions.
• Solve and apply trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean Theorem in right triangles.
• Solve systems of linear equations and linear inequalities.
• Perform operations of rational expressions (algebraic fractions).
• Perform operations of radicals and simplify radicals (irrational numbers).
• Pass the Integrated Algebra Regents examination.

Algebra IA:  (1 Credit)

Algebra 1A includes the core components for students to be successful in Algebra 1. Topics included are from the first half of the Algebra 1 curriculum and focus on solving equations, linear functions and systems of equations. Students will gain critical-thinking and problem-solving skills required for future success in high school mathematics.  Students from Algebra 1A will typically take the Regents exam at the end of the course even though they have not learned all of the material and will take it again after completion of Algebra 1B.

Algebra IB:  (1 Credit)

Algebra 1B is the continuation of Algebra 1A and finishes the Algebra 1 curriculum from the prior course. Topics included are from the second half of the Algebra 1 curriculum and focus on polynomials, quadratic functions, exponential functions and statistics. Students will transfer their concrete mathematical knowledge to more abstract algebraic generalizations in preparation for future math courses.  Students from Algebra 1B are expected to take and pass the Algebra 1 Regents exam.

Algebra II: (1 Credit)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Solve absolute value equations and inequalities.
• Solve quadratic inequalities.
• Perform operations on rational expressions; determine when a function is undefined.
• Perform operations on irrational numbers and simplifying irrational numbers using the conjugate.
• Solve systems of equations involving linear, quadratic, conic, exponential, etc. both graphically and algebraically.
• Complete understanding of functions; determine domain and range; inverse functions.
• Apply and analyze quadratic functions and the complex numbers; complete the square and apply the Quadratic Formula.
• Solve and graph polynomial functions of a higher degree.
• Apply exponent rules; graph, solve and apply exponential and logarithmic functions.
• Apply basic trigonometric functions to the unit circle and convert degrees to radian angle measure.
• Graph trigonometric functions.
• Use trigonometric identities to solve problems and simplify trigonometric expressions.
• Solve trigonometric equations.
• Solve triangles using Law of Sines and Law of Cosines.
• Recognize sequences and series; apply geometric and arithmetic series and sequences.
• Apply both one-variable and two-variable statistics (regressions).
• Apply probabilities and the binomial theorem.
• Pass the Algebra II/ Trigonometry Regents examination.

Geometry: (1 Credit)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Demonstrate an understanding of points, lines, planes, angles, circles.
• Understand perpendicular and parallel lines.
• Understand congruent and similar triangles, quadrilaterals.
• Apply similarity and proportions to 2-D and 3-D geometric figures.
• Develop knowledge of special quadrilaterals.
• Have knowledge of right triangles and basic trigonometry.
• Calculate areas of polygons, surface area & volume of solids.
• Use coordinate geometry concepts and coordinate transformations.
• Use slope, midpoint and distance formulas in the coordinate plane.
• Understand properties of number systems.
• Understand and apply locus.
• Apply geometry to a circle; graphing circles given equation.
• Perform basic geometric constructions.
• Graph quadratic/linear functions.
• Reason logically and perform Euclidean and coordinate proofs.
• Pass the Integrated Geometry Regents examination.

Personal Finance: (1 Credit) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to:.

• Calculate gross pay, federal withholdings, Social Security taxes, Medicare, benefits, job expenses, life-insurance premiums, health insurance and disability insurance.
• Complete federal, state and city income taxes.
• Create a spending budget.
• Prepare deposit slips and record entries into a check register.
• Reconcile a bank statement and calculate interest.
• Compute installment prices, finance charges, interest payments and balances for a loan.
• Identify information on credit card statements and the costs of using a credit card.
• Calculate down payments, closing costs, mortgage loan qualifications amounts and the total interest costs of mortgages.
• Understand property taxes, MSRP for a new-car, cost of leasing a car, cost of car insurance and costs of operating a car.

Applied Mathematics:  (1 Credit)

This course will extend and apply mathematical topics learned in earlier courses to practical, “real-life” applications. The intention of this course is to answer the question "When am I ever going to use this?" by incorporating math that is present in different fields, trades, and daily life after high school. Students will collaborate and communicate mathematically in a supportive learning environment where they feel accepted and free to take risks.

Onondaga Community College Pre-Calculus MAT 143: 

(1 High School Credit and 4 College Credits)  

At the end of this course the student will be able to perform:

• Absolute value and quadratic inequalities
• Functions and their inverses
• Graphing functions
• Systems of equations
• Algebra of matrices
• Exponential and logarithmic functions and applications
• Circular functions and their inverses,
• Trigonometric identities and equations
• Addition and multiple-angle formulas
• Complex numbers
• Elementary theory of equations
• Binomial theorem and related topics.

*OCC Pre-Calculus is taught in cooperation with Onondaga Community College. Students will earn 4 college credits. Enrollment in this course is free of charge.

Onondaga Community College Calculus MAT 161:

(1 High School Credit and 4 College Credits)

*Entrance Requirements: Onondaga Community College Preliminary Calculus, Grades 11-12

At the end of this course the student will be able to perform:

• Basic analytic geometry, functions, limits and continuity
• Derivatives of algebraic and trigonometric functions
• Chain rule
• Implicit differentiation
• Antiderivatives
• Definite integrals
• Fundamental Theorem
• Applications of derivatives and integrals.

Graphing calculator use is required. This is a standard course for students planning to major in Mathematics, Sciences, Computer Science and/ or Engineering.

*OCC Calculus is taught in cooperation with Onondaga Community College.  Students in this course will earn 4 college credits.  Enrollment in this course is free of charge.

Onondaga Community College Statistics  MAT 118:

(1 High School Credit, 3 College Credits)

At the end of this course student will be able to perform:

• Frequency distribution
• Graphs
• Measures of central tendency and dispersion
• Probability, probability distributions
• Binomial and normal distributions
• Introduction to sampling theory, estimation theory, and hypothesis testing (mean, variants proportions, etc.).

Computer software and graphing calculator applications will be an integral component of this course. A graphing calculator with specific statistical capabilities will be required.

MUSIC

Music 7: (Grade 7)

General Music, students will reinforce knowledge of the elements and principles of music. They will apply this knowledge to analysis of various musical styles from different time periods, including baroque, classical, romantic, and colonial American music. Analyze, compare, and contrast these styles. Significant amount of time either learning to play the piano or improving their piano playing skills.  They will compose, arrange, perform, and improvise music of varying styles.  

Music 8: (Grade 8)

General Music, students will reinforce knowledge of the elements and principles of music. They will apply this knowledge to analysis of various musical styles from different time periods, including (but not limited to) pre-and-post civil war, Harlem renaissance, WWII, 1950s & 60s and modern day. Analyze, compare, and contrast these styles. Significant amount of time either learning to play the guitar or improving their guitar playing skills.  They will compose, arrange, perform, and improvise music of varying styles.  

Band: (1 Credit for Grades 9-12, Grades 7-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Enjoy music through active participation in a performing organization.
• Experience success and self-esteem.
• Demonstrate appropriate technical skills.
• Perform the elements of time and pitch.
• Interpret the expressive and technical languages of music and develop a personal sensitivity to music.
• Experience multi-cultural awareness through exposure to a variety of music.
• Enhance the cultural life of the school and community by providing concerts and demonstrations.

Chorus: (1 Credit for Grades 9-12, Grades 7-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Enjoy music through active participation in a performing organization.
• Experience success and self-esteem.
• Experience the value of personal relationships.
• Experience the value of Teamwork- working toward a common goal.
• Demonstrate appropriate technical skills.
• Perform the elements of time and pitch.
• Interpret the expressive and technical language of music.
• Develop a personal sensitivity to music.
• Experience multi-cultural awareness through exposure to a variety of music.
• Enhance the cultural life of the school and community by providing concerts and demonstrations.

Jazz Band: (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Enjoy jazz music through active participation in performances.
• Demonstrate appropriate technical jazz skills.
• Perform the elements of time and pitch.
• Interpret the expressive and technical language of jazz music by developing a personal sensitivity to jazz music.
• Experience multi-cultural awareness through exposure to a variety of jazz performers’ music.
• Enhance the cultural life of the school and community by providing concerts and demonstrations.

Percussion Ensemble: (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Enjoy percussion music through active participation in a performing organization.
• Experience success and self-esteem.
• Demonstrate appropriate percussion technical skills.
• Perform the elements of time and pitch
• Interpret the expressive and technical languages of music and develop a personal sensitivity to music.
• Experience multi-cultural awareness through exposure to a variety of music.
• Enhance the cultural life of the school and community by providing concerts and demonstrations.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Education: (½ Credit ,Grades 7-12)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Exhibit a healthy attitude towards life, including social interactions, trust, and  fitness.
• Have an appreciation for the amount of work and effort that goes into upper levels of competition.
• Have knowledge of the rules of games that will carry over in their adult life whether they are a participant or a spectator.
• Possess skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities.
• Understand the value and importance of physical fitness and how it pertains to a healthy lifestyle.
• Understand the importance of regular physical activity.
• Understand the body’ physiological response to exercise.
• Understand that through the experience of a mandatory physical education curriculum, the student will be better able to participate in extra-curricular activities whether they are intramural, interscholastic, or non- competitive person fitness.
• The student will develop a tolerance for, and cooperation with others, regardless of their athletic skill level.

SCIENCE

Science 7: (Grade 7)

During their 7th grade year, students focus on the physical sciences of chemistry and physics. Students will cover various topics in both subjects throughout the year. Topics include but are not limited to the states of matter, the periodic table, density, Newton's Laws of Motion, forces, and energy. Student work in mainly focused on various labs and activities that allows them to demonstrate their understanding of the material. 

Science 7+:  (Grade 7)

Science 7+ is an accelerated rigorous science class that combines two full years into one. The goal of this class is to prepare students to skip science 8 and go right into the Regents Living Environment their 8th grade year. The first half of the year focuses on science 7 material which consists of various topics in chemistry and physics. The second half of the year focuses on science 8 which consists of various topics in biology. Students must maintain an 85 or better the first marking period to stay in the class. After that if their grade falls below an 85 they will not be recommended to move on to Living Environment.

Science 8: (Grade 8)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Describe the Scientific Method of problem solving.
• Measure mass, volume, length and distance using the metric system.
• Calculate the density of many different objects.
• Compare and contrast plant cells to animal cells.
• Understand the basic principles of genes and heredity.
• Describe the different human body systems including their structures and functions.
• Support the claim that all of the human body systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
• Classify animals into groups such as vertebrates and invertebrates.
• Categorize vertebrate animals into groups such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
• Complete the NYS Intermediate Level Science 8 exam.

Biology: (1 Credit) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Demonstrate safety, technical and analytical skills when planning and interpreting a laboratory experiment.
• Recognize the universality of the homeostatic patterns needed to maintain life and adaptation to the environment.
• Identify interdependencies of the major systems of the human body.
• Explain the survival process of sexual and asexual reproduction in plants, embryos, and animals.
• Describe genetic traits and predict the role of heredity and environment.
• Recognize evolutionary theories.
• Pass the Biology Regents examination.

Chemistry: (1 Credit) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to….

• Use the Periodic Reference Table.
• Compare the phases of matter with respect to: shape, volume, intermolecular distance, forces of attraction, kinetic energy, velocities, diffusion, density, and compressibility.
• Interpret different atomic theories.
• Explain the nature of gaseous, liquid, and solid solutions and give specific examples of each.
• Understand the typical properties of acids and bases.
• Comprehend oxidations and reductions.
• Write structural formulas and identify functional groups in organic compounds.
• Have knowledge of nuclear and chemical reactions.
• Conduct chemical laboratory experiments and write scientific laboratory reports.
• Pass the Chemistry Regents examination.

Earth & Space Science: (1 Credit) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Utilize the scientific method when solving scientific problems. For example, identifying problems, experimentation, data collection and interpretations.
• Understand differences between observations and inferences.
• Understand the formation of the Earth, its ongoing evolution and how changes affect the world.
• Understand energy sources affecting the environment.
• Identify structures of the solar system.
• Understand meteorological concepts and relationships.
• Pass the Earth Science Regents examination.

Physics: (1 Credit)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Measure physical characteristics of common mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and nuclear systems.
• Identify how common physical systems are dependent and independent of each other.
• Analyze information about physical systems.
• Apply mathematical formulas to calculate quantities and hypothesize.
• Analyze and apply conclusions derived from scientific information.
• Pass the Physics Regents examination.

CCC GEOL 110 – Physical Geology:

(1 High School Credit, 4 College Credits, Grades 10-12)

Geology is a college level class that focuses on various topics in physical and historical geology. Topics include rock and mineral identification, plate tectonics, paleontology, stratigraphy, and surface geology. The class will consist of lectures and laboratory exercises. Laboratory exercises will take place both in and out of the classroom. It is recommended to having taken regents Earth Science or get permission from the teacher. 

CCC GEOL 111 – Historical Geology:  

(1 High School Credit, 4 College Credits, Grades 10-12)

Recommended background: GEOL 101 or high school earth science. General survey of the basic principles of historical geology, focusing on the sequence of events and geologic forces influencing the formation of the earth and the evolution of life forms. Topics include plate tectonics, sedimentation, stratigraphy, evolution, and paleontology. Laboratory exercises and field trips focus on regional and local strata, stratigraphy, geologic maps, fossil identification and collection.

Environmental Science: (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

This is an introductory course for students who wish to study topics relating to the environment, its resources, quality and ethical issues. Environmental science is the study of the natural sciences in an interdisciplinary context that always includes consideration of people and how they have influenced various systems around us. It includes many aspects of biology, earth and atmospheric sciences, fundamental principles of chemistry and physics, human population dynamics, and an appreciation for the Earth and its natural resources. This course is designed to include many student-driven investigations, projects and discussion topics.

Forensic Science:  (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

The Forensic Science course will cover a multitude of areas. Topics include:

• History of Forensic Science
• Crime Scene Processing
• Physical Evidence
• Fingerprinting
• Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology
• Forensic Entomology
• Drugs and Toxicology
• DNA Analysis
• Document Examination
• Digital Forensics
• Careers in Forensics

Applied Physics:  (1 Credit, Grades 10-12)

In this course the student will use Physics concepts to research, create, and build projects such as bridges and airplanes, as well as evobots.  Some of the Physics concepts covered will include speed, velocity, acceleration, and gravity, basics of electricity, energy, work, and power.  You will use a Project-Based Learning approach, where you research, design, give feedback and refine models.

SOCIAL STUDIES

Social Studies 7: (Grade 7)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Acquire experience in gathering and interpreting evidence, chronological reasoning, contextualizing history, and analyzing geographic influences.
• Analyze the foundations of the United State Constitution, as well as the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution over time.  
• Demonstrate understanding of economic and political systems and their decision making process.
• Exhibit knowledge of the development of American society from early Native Americans to pre-Civil War.
• Utilize social studies skills to analyze and interpret documents to support historical claims in argumentative writing.

Social Studies 8: (Grade 8)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Improve skills in gathering and interpreting evidence, chronological reasoning, contextualizing history, and analyzing geographic influences.
• Analyze additions to the United States Constitution, as well as the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting these changes over time.  
• Demonstrate understanding of economic and political systems and their decision making process.
• Exhibit knowledge of the development of American society from the Civil War to the current.
• Utilize social studies skills to analyze and interpret documents to support historical claims in argumentative writing.

Global I: (1 Credit, Grade 9)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Have an understanding of early civilizations and cultures.
• Identify how societies organize.
• Understand the ways that societies were created and destroyed.
• Research and present topics.

Global II: (1 Credit, Grade 10)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Comprehend human rights, political systems, scarcity of resources, war and the consequences.
• Have exposure to cultures and values.
• Write document-based essays and thematic essays.
• Research specific topics and contemporary global concerns.
• Prepare presentations that combine oral and visual material.
• Pass Global History and Geography Regents Exam.

United States History & Government: (1 Credit, Grade 11)

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Have knowledge of The United States of America Constitution.
• Understand The United States Bill of Rights.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the political, social, and economic concerns of the United States.
• Comprehend the effects minorities have on American History past and future.  Examples are Native Americans, Women, Blacks, Italians, disabled, and many other minority groups.
• Recognize the causes of economic problems and the reform movements.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the role the United States had/has in world affairs, for example, World War 2.
• Explain domestic struggles and politics.
• Understand politics and powers, and global responsibilities.

AP European History: (1 Credit, Grade 10-12)

Introductory college-level European history course. Students cultivate their understanding of European history through analyzing historical sources and learning to make connections and craft historical arguments as they explore concepts like interaction of Europe and the world; economic and commercial developments; cultural and intellectual developments; states and other institutions of power; social organization and development; national and European identity; and technological and scientific innovation.

Participation in Government and Civics: (½ Credit, Grade 12)

This course aims to provide students with opportunities to become engaged in the political process by acquiring the knowledge and practicing the skills necessary for active citizenship. Content specifications are not included, so that the course can adapt to present local, national, and global circumstances, allowing teachers to select flexibly from current events to illuminate key ideas and conceptual understandings. Participation in government and in our communities is fundamental to the success of American democracy.

Economics, the Free Enterprise System, and Finance: 

(½ Credit, Grade 12)

This course examines the growth, development, and principles of the global economy.  Students will compare and contrast the United States’ economic system with that of other countries.  The concepts of supply and demand and the nature of the free enterprise system will be studied.   Students will explore the roles and significance of companies, entrepreneurs, producers, consumers, and laborers, while probing into their part in international trade.    The nature of both personal and large‐scale finance, and the role of financial institutions, will be investigated.  Finally, students will learn about how governments regulate and monitor fiscal and monetary policy.

• HIS 202: History of the United States to 1865: This course examines the development of American society and culture from the 1500s to the end of the Civil War. It explores the conflict and cooperation between people from North America, Africa, and Europe.

• HIS 203: The United States Since 1865: This course covers the history of the United States after 1865.

TECHNOLOGY

Tech 7: (Grade 7)

An exploratory project based course where students learn practical life skills through the use of different mediums and devices. Students learn about technology’s role in the human made world and the role they will play in the technical world.

Tech 8: (Grade 8)

Course focuses on fostering lifelong skills and technical abilities that students will be able to use. Students will be proficient with shop machines and will design and build a final project. Engineering and problem solving will be an integral part of this course as students are challenged to think creatively to solve open ended problems.

Design and Drawing for Production (DDP): (1 Credit, Grades 9-12) 

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Demonstrate the Occupational Safety Hazardous Act standards when using tools, safety equipment, and construction supplies.
• Create blueprint draft drawings.
• Solve design drafting problems.
• Know the technical problems common to industries.
• Understand the impacts environmental and economic factors have on designs.
• Use drafts to construct carpentry projects.
• Experience an introduction to Computer Aided Design programs.

Small Engine Applications:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

Ever wondered how a small engine works? Small engines are an essential part of our world, they are used every day in lawnmowers, snow blowers, ATV’s, and snowmobiles. This semester-long course is designed to teach the theory of operation, troubleshooting, repair, tune-ups and rebuilding processes of the small engines utilized in power equipment and recreational vehicles. Students will learn the application of special tools used in the overhaul operation and will practice the process of fully rebuilding a small engine. Upon completion of this course students will understand how to fully rebuild and repair small engines. Students will also have the option to take the test to become a Briggs and Stratton Master Service Technician.

Introduction to Skilled Trades I:  (½ Credit, Grades 9-12)

Want a career that allows you to work hands on and also has a great salary? Jobs in the skilled trades are currently in high demand in our area. This course will work to develop the basic skills needed for success in the building trades. Units on plumbing, electrical, masonry, framing, siding, and roofing will teach students the basic skills for success in these career fields. This is a high energy hands on course where students will be expected to learn from completing projects. Projects in this course have been modeled after real world scenarios that you will be likely to encounter in a trade career.

ELECTIVES

ESports/ Game Design (½ Credit, Grades 9-12):

• The history of video games
• What is Esports?
• Esports conduct
• Team play

Introduction to Esports games (We use the platform PLAYVS and HSEL) and what games are offered to play competitively.

We will introduce each Esports game and give students a chance to play and compete (our own in-house tournament) on Fortnite, Rocket League, Smash Brothers, League of Legends, etc.

Students will complete an independent project.

Paranormal (½ credit, Grades 10-12):

This course is your passport to the weird and wonderful world of the unknown. We'll dive headfirst into all things spooky and strange, from paranormal phenomena and supernatural beliefs to the mysteries of dreams, death, and everything in between. We'll be like paranormal detectives, sifting through historical accounts, investigating modern-day cases, and exploring scientific theories to try and make sense of these incredible oddities. Get ready to sharpen your critical thinking skills and uncover the mysteries that have puzzled humanity for ages.

Conspiracy Theory (½ credit, Grades 10-12):

Ever wondered about the biggest secrets and "hidden truths" in history? This course is your chance to explore them! We'll take a look at why people believe in conspiracy theories, from wild tales about a Flat Earth  and a supposed fake moon landing  to accusations of voter suppression and election manipulation .We'll act like detectives, digging into some of the most famous theories in American history, including the mysteries surrounding JFK's assassination and growing concerns about the future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) . This is a fun and fascinating way to learn how to think critically, examine the evidence, and figure out what might be fact, what might be fiction, and why these stories have been so popular for so long.

Driver Education: (½ Credit, Grades 10-12)

CiTi BOCES Offered Course

Students must be 16 years of age and have a valid driver’s permit.

This is after school hours only.        

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Drive a car.
• Obtain a blue card from New York State Department of Motor Vehicles by meeting the following requirements: minimum of 24 hours each of in-class lecture and driver car experience, with six hours of actual driving.
• Possibly reduce car insurance by 15%.
• Obtain a Class D (night driving license) at age 17.
• General Vehicle Maintenance.
• Research topics dealing with driving safety.

***If there is an overflow of students requesting to take this course, students will be chosen based on their birthdate – oldest to youngest***

CiTi BOCES

CiTi offers career technical education programs leading to employment certifications and job skills training. For more information concerning specific career programs visit with your respective counselor. The following link provides program descriptions and a video with more information:  https://www.citiboces.org/domain/15 

CTE Programs: (1-2 Years, 4 Credits, Grades 11 and 12)

Advance Metal Manufacturing: 

2 years includes integrated Math 12 credit, College Course Option

Agriculture: 

Integrated Academic Coursework: Career & Financial Management (½ credit), ELA (½ credit per year), Science (½ credit per year)

Auto Body: 

2 years includes integrated Science credit

Auto Tech: 

2 Years includes integrated Science credit

Computer Coding: 

2 Years

Construction Technology: 

2 Years includes integrated Math 12 credit

Cosmetology: 

2 Years includes integrated English 12 and Science credit

Culinary Arts: 

2 Years includes integrated Science credit, College Course Option

Dental Assisting: 

Two years, Integrated Academic Coursework: Career & Financial Management (½ credit), ELA (½ credit per year), Science (½ credit per year) Students in this program are required to have current physical and health immunizations.

Digital Media Technology:

1 Year includes integrated English 12 credit, College Course Option

Early Childhood Education: 

 2 Years includes integrated English 12 credit, College Course Option

Heavy Equipment: 

2 Years includes integrated Science credit

Industrial Electrical Technologies: 

2 Years

New Vision Allied Health and Specialized Careers:

 Integrated English 12, PIG, Economics, and Health Credit, PSY 100, GST 101. (1 year, 4 credits, Grade 12).

Nursing Assistant:  

2 Years includes integrated English 12, Science, and Health credit, College Course Option

Public Safety: 

 2 Years integrated English 12, Science, and PE credit

Welding:  

2 Years integrated Math 12 and Science credit

DISTANCE LEARNING

*** All Distance Learning Courses Earn 1 High School Credit As Well***

ASL 101 – American Sign Language I :

(3 college credits through Onondaga Community College)

This course is designed for students with little or no previous knowledge of American Sign Language. Students acquire basic grammar and lexical skills that will enable them to communicate in routine social or professional situations within an authentic cultural context. Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following: biographical information, relationships, preferences, leisure activities and making plans for the future.

CJ 111 – Introduction to Justice Systems:

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Comprehensive survey of justice systems including historical, organizational, social, functional, and administrative aspects. Provides the background and principles to introduce students to succeeding specialized courses.

PSY 101 – Introductory Psychology: 

( 3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Basic orientation to the psychology of human behavior. Studies the aims and methods of psychological investigation and measurement, and biological and social influences on behavior.

COM 210 – Public Speaking: 

(3 college credits through Onondaga Community College)

Public speaking is a course designed to acquaint the student with the basic theories and skills of public discourse. Course content includes the importance of audience analysis and adaptation, how to choose an appropriate topic, organization, speech purpose and delivery, and critical analysis of discourse. Word study, effective language use, effective non-verbal skills and critical listening skills are also stressed.

SOC 101 – Introductory Sociology: 

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Introduces sociology as a science concerned with relationships, institutions, organizations, and the physical environment. Outlines the major theories as a basis for sociological perspectives on social issues. Covers the origins of sociology as a science, diverse patterns of social organization from a global perspective, the nature and substance of cultural systems and social institutions, and sociological perspectives in analyzing trends in human society.

ECON 201 – Introduction to Economics: 

(3 College Credits through Cayuga Community College)

Introduces macroeconomics and covers how societies choose to allocate scarce resources within the context of the whole economic system. Focuses on how markets function, various macroeconomic theories, the role of government in an economic system, the international economy, the role of money in an economic system, and the policy responses to the problems of inflation, unemployment, and slow economic growth. 

HLTH 104 – Personal Health ONLINE: 

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

In-depth course in maintaining lifelong good health examines emotional health, drug education, family health, personal fitness, disease, consumer, and environmental health

ASL 102 – American Sign Language II:

(3 college credits through Onondaga Community College)

This course is a sequel to American Sign Language I. It builds upon the basic grammatical, linguistic, communicative and cultural concepts learned in ASL 101. Students learn to communicate in the context of an increasing number of daily life topics. Topics may include, but are not limited to the following: daily routines, hobbies, food, clothing and other belongings, health and emergencies, and the workplace.

CJ 220 – Criminology:

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Studies the causes of crime and detection and treatment methods. Also covers the historical approach and modern methods.

PSY 212 – Developmental Psychology Life Span:

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Basic orientation to the psychology of human behavior. Studies the aims and methods of psychological investigation and measurement, and biological and social influences on behavior. Also focuses on learning, motivation, emotion, perception, and personality development.

COM 202 – Interpersonal Communication: 

(3 college credits through Onondaga Community College)

This introductory course is designed to acquaint students with the communication skills needed to succeed both academically and socially. Course content includes communication theory, perception, verbal and non-verbal communication, effective listening, assertiveness, awareness of the self as communicator, interpersonal problem-solving, and relational communication. Emphasis is placed on class discussion as a tool for learning and practicing the skills presented in class.

PSY 101 – Introductory Psychology: 

( 3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Basic orientation to the psychology of human behavior. Studies the aims and methods of psychological investigation and measurement, and biological and social influences on behavior.

SOC 101 – Introductory Sociology: 

(3 college credits through Cayuga Community College)

Introduces sociology as a science concerned with relationships, institutions, organizations, and the physical environment. Outlines the major theories as a basis for sociological perspectives on social issues. Covers the origins of sociology as a science, diverse patterns of social organization from a global perspective, the nature and substance of cultural systems and social institutions, and sociological perspectives in analyzing trends in human society.

TEACHER / TA PATHWAY (1:05 pm-2:10 pm) 

Fall MWF: EDU 202 – Foundations of American Education (3 credits) 
Examines issues of education and the social, historical, philosophical, political, and cultural foundations that influenced their development; also examines the social purposes of education through social and behavioral sciences; explores the impact of social differences on education; helps the student develop a personal philosophy of education; and examines the relationship of schooling to democratic principles. Students must complete 20 hours of observation in classrooms based on their chosen area of interest: Childhood 1st through 6th grade or Adolescence 7th through 12th grade. Students observe 2 hours per week for the entire semester; students must provide their own transportation to off-campus locations.

 
Fall TRF: SD 101 – Career and Life Planning (3 credits)
Provides a systematic method for making career and lifestyle decisions. Presents a structured method for practicing effective decision-making skills, clarifying one’s values and learning job-hunting techniques. Examines other topics that influence life and career choices, such as goal setting, stress management and communication styles. Individuals develop personal strategies for short- and long-term educational and career planning.

Spring MWF: PSY 215 – Child Psychology (3 credits) 
Examines human growth and development from conception to puberty. Students are exposed to a scientific perspective regarding theory and research in the areas of physical, cognitive and psychosocial development. Topics include childbirth, language development, child abuse and parenting styles. 

Prerequisite: PSY 101

Spring TRF: PSY 217 – Introduction to Children with Exceptionalities (3 credits)

Focusing on working with children in an educational setting, the course introduces students to the various exceptionalities, characteristics of children with exceptionalities, federal and state laws, educational implications, and strategies for working effectively with families and other professionals. Off-campus observations may be required, with students providing their own transportation. Prerequisite: PSY 101.